第01练 必修一核心词汇巩固训练-2024年高一英语夯基培优暑假作业(人教版2019)

2024年高一英语夯基培优暑假作业(人教版2019) 第01练 必修一核心词汇巩固训练 内容: 复习（人教版2019）必修一的核心词汇 题型：重点单词变形、词组、短语及句型习题检测 Welcome Unit 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．explore  v.探索；探究；考察→ __________   n.探索；勘探；研究 2．develop  v.发展；开发→  __________  n.发展；开发 3．interview v.面试；采访→  __________ n.被面试者；被采访者→  ________ n.面试者；采访者 4．achieve  v.实现；达到→  __________   n.成就；功绩；达到；实现 5．universe  n.宇宙；天地万物→  __________  adj.全世界的；普遍的 6．require  v.需要；要求→  __________   n.必要条件；需要；必需品；必要条件 7．mental  adj.精神的；思想的→    __________   adv.思想上；智力上；精神上 8．physical  adj.身体的；物理的；实物的→   __________   adv.身体上，按自然法则 9．intelligent  adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→   __________   n.智力；才智；智慧 10．determine vt. 决定；查明；决心→  __________   adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→   __________   n.决心；决定 11．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→________adv.不安地→________n.担心；焦虑 12．annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰→_________ adj.恼怒的；生气的→ adj.________令人烦恼的→ ________n.烦恼 13．fright n.恐惧，害怕→________v.使恐惧，吓唬→________adj.惊吓的，害怕的→________adj.令人恐惧的 14．impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目→________n.印象，感想，印记→________adj.给人深刻印象的 15．concentrate vi.& vt.集中（注意力）；聚精会神→_________n.专心；集中→________adj.全神贯注的；集中的 16．confident adj.自信的；有把握的→_________n.信心，信任→________adv.自信地 17．organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立→________n.组织，机构，团体→_________n.组织者→________adj.有组织的；有条理的 18．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→________adv.好奇地→________n.好奇心 19．formal adj.正式的；正规的→________adj.非正式的，非正规的 20．male adj.男（性）的；雄的n.雄性动（植）物；男子→_________adj.女（性）的；雌的n.雌性动（植）物；女子 21．________ vt.&vi. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神→________ n. 集中；专心 22．________ adj. 自信的；有把握的→________ adv. 自信地；有把握地→________ n. 信心；信任 23．________ vt.&vi. 探索；勘探→________ n. 探索者；勘探者→________ n. 探索；勘探 24．________ adj. 级别（或地位）高的 n. 年长的人→(反义词) ________ adj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的 n. 青少年 25．________ vt. 组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi. 组建；成立→________ n. 组织；团体；机构→________ adj. 有条理的；有组织的 26．________ adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的→________ adv. 好奇地→________ n. 好奇心；好奇 27．________ n. 性格；个性→________ adj. 个人的；私人的→________ adv. 亲自；就个人而言 28．________ vt.&vi. 修改；修订；复习→________ n. 复习 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Our best ______ (策略) is to hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. 2．This question can be answered only by ________ (实验)． 3．Their wonderful performances ________ (使留下深刻印象) the audience last month. 4．Male animals are often larger than the ________(雌性的) ones. 5．The unique name gives the ________(印象) that the company is mysterious. 6．The students’ union organised a concert in order to enrich our ____(校园) life. 7．I feel much more ________ (有信心的) about myself and my abilities these days. 8．I was ________ (害怕的) of being left by myself in the house. 9．I’m ________ (好奇的) to see what’s going to happen on the political scene. 10．I felt a little_______ (尴尬的), so I smiled at him. 二、单句语法填空 1．There are opportunities to develop important skills and learning ________(strategy) that can be applied to the school curriculum. 2．The teacher was ________(annoy) that his students did not study harder. 3．His wife has a very strong ________(person) and they often quarrel. 4．With the noise going, we can’t concentrate ________our studies. 5．I’ve been looking forward ______going on a vacation. 6．He takes delight in ________ (annoy) me. 7．His trip to India made a strong ________(impress) on him. 8．He got ________(annoy), saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me. 9．As we know, the marriage without ________(register) is not recognized by the law. 10．_____ (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets. 11．I now look forward to ________(go) back to work as soon as possible. 12．Most children are ________ (fright) by the sight of blood. 13．Most of the food for the homeless in the area is provided by a voluntary ________(organize). 14．To celebrate the 20th national congress of the Communist Party of China (中共二十大), some activities were ________(design) to tell young people the history of the CPC． 15．Having got fully prepared, I walked into the interview room ________ and it was my ________ that made me pass the interview successfully. (confident) 16．There was an announcement that Flight 303 would be postponed due to the foggy weather, which made many people feel ____ (anxiety). 17．Moreover, practising tai chi has inspired him ________(explore) the Chinese culture behind it. 18．I sometimes have trouble ________ (concentrate) on my task if there is much noise. 19．When ________ (complete), the library will be open to the public. 20．________ (impress) with her fluent English, the manager offered Judie a job interview. 三、完成句子 1．外面太吵了，我无法把注意力集中在书本上。 There is too much noise outside. I can not ________ my book. 2．The teacher ________ when the boy refused to answer the question. 当那个男孩拒绝回答问题时，老师很生气。 3．You need to understand how Chinese speakers have________ . 你需要理解中文演讲者是怎样组织他们的想法的。 4．这家公司有很多人级别比我高。 Many people _____ _____ _____ me in this company. 5．她问我：“如果你和朋友意见不和会怎样呢？”(what if)She asked me, “________?” 6．给我印象最深的是他们面对困难时从不泄气。 ___________________ was that they never lost heart when faced with difficulties. 7．她目前正专注于服装设计师的工作。 She is now ________ a career as a fashion designer. 8．万一这个计划失败了，那又该怎么办? ________ this plan fails, what then? 9．在日本，为了登记一辆汽车，车主一定要有地方停车。 In order to ________ in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 10．作为一名交换生,在开学第一天我感到既兴奋又焦虑。(exchange, anxious) __________, __________on my first school day. 11．我发现阅读在我们的日常生活中非常有用。(find+宾语+宾补) I ________________ in our daily life. 12．上高中一个月后，我逐渐了解了我的室友以及他们的爱好。(get to know) After a month at my senior high school, I ________________ . Unit 1 Teenage life 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．volunteer n. 志愿者→________adj. 志愿的；自愿的 2．prefer vt.较喜欢→__________n喜爱；偏爱 3．move vi.移动;搬家，迁移；离开 vt. 移动；感动→________ n. 动作；运动；活动 4．suit vt.适合；使适宜→__________adj.合适的；适用的 5．________n挑战；艰巨任务 vt.怀疑；向……挑战→________adj.具有挑战性的 6．________ vt.使糊涂；使迷惑→__________adj.令人迷惑的→__________adj.感到迷惑的→__________n迷惑 7．________vi.& vt.毕业；获得学位→__________n毕业；毕业典礼 8．________n前进；发展 vi.前进；发展 vt. 发展；促进→__________adj.高级的；先进的 9．________adj.负责的；有责任的→__________n责任；义务 10．solve vt.解决→________n解决办法；答案 11．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→________n.行为；举止 12．________vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) →________n.有吸引力的事物；吸引→________adj.吸引人的 13．________n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→________adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 14．________vt.推荐；建议→________n. 建议；推荐 15．________adj.流利的；流畅的→________adv.流利地；流畅地→________n. 流利；流畅 16．_________n. 挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑；向……挑战→________ n. 挑战者→________ adj. 具有挑战性的 17．_________vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑→________ adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的→________ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的→________ n. 困惑；不确定；混乱 18．_________adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→________ adv. 流利地；流畅地→________ n. (尤指外语)流利；流畅 19．_________vi. & vt. 毕业；获得学位 n. 毕业生→________ n. 毕业；毕业典礼 20．_________adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的→________ n. 前进；发展 vi. 前进；发展 vt. 发展；促进 21．_________adv. 显然；明显地→________ adj. 明显的；显然的；易理解的 22．_________adj. 负责的；有责任的→________ n. 责任；义务 23．_________n. 解决办法；答案→________ v. 解决 24．_________n. 行为；举止→________ v. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 25．_________adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→________ n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→________ n. 瘾；入迷；癖好→________ adj. 使人上瘾的 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．John is ________(对……上瘾) to playing mobile games. 2．We read and studied indoors, ________ (较喜欢) the sunny outdoor environment. 3．Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value a sense of ________.(责任) 4．Most of the guests were annoyed at his bad ______ (行为举止) that day. 5．The doctors told my wife I had much chance of ______ (幸存). 6．Xi’an International Exhibition (展览) Center has ______ (吸引) many business people. 7．It’s too noisy outside to ________ (专心) on my study. 8．He has been forced to adjust his______ (日程表) because of the busy work. 9．My adviser ________(建议) that I should sign up for advanced ________(文学) because I like English and I’m good at it. 10．I found an evening dress that is_________(适合)for me well. 11．The dove_____________ (代表) peace. 12．Usually，each book has its own _________ (目录) in the front of it. 13．He works as a _________(自愿者) at off time. 14．I want to book a tour with_________ (冒险) sports. 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．Fears are growing for the safety of a______ (teenage)who disappeared a week ago. 2．_____ (actual), it would be much more sensible to do it later. 3．Living in the new era (时代)，we should shoulder the __________ (responsible) to achieve the Chinese dream. 4．My sister is fond of___________(volunteer) in her spare time. 5．We shall maintain our focus ________ the needs of the customers. 6．They may hate what he does but their ______ (survive) depends on him. 7．Jane said that she ______ (prefer) staying at home to going around. 8．But ________ (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus ________ other things in life. 9．The school adviser helped me choose the ________ (suit) ones. Unit 2 Travelling around 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．________ n．建筑设计；建筑学→________ n．建筑设计师 2．________ vi.& vt.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）→________ n．应用；用途；申请→________n．申请人；求职人 3．________adj.令人惊奇的→________ adj.惊奇的；惊喜的→________vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶→________ n.惊奇；惊诧 4．________ n．安排；筹备→________ vt.安排 5．________ adv.极其；非常→________ adj.极度的；严重的 6．________adj.强有力的；有影响力的→________v.给……提供动力 n.能力；力量；权力→________adj.无力的；没有能力的 7．________ adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n.官员；要员→________ n. 办公室；官职 8．________ vt.辨别出；承认；认可→________ n．认出；认识 9．________ n．交通运输系统 vt.运输；运送→________ n．运输 10．________ n．经济；节约→________ adj.经济（上）的；经济学的 11．________ 西班牙（国家名）→________ n．西班牙语；西班牙人 adj.西班牙的 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The _______________(平均的) salary for young people at present is not high. 2．The song_______________(使想起) us of our childhood. 3．It is not easy to handle so much_______________(压力) for a young woman. 4．The old man has _______________(恢复) from his heart disease. 5．It is beyond my________(能力) to finish the task in two hours． 6．In our life we are supposed to ______ (应用) theory to practice. 7．The library is a useful ___________(来源)of information. 8．They had no time to ___________(安排)their own wedding. 9．Mankind has to _______________(适应) to their living environment by and by. 二、根据中英文及首字母提示填写单词 1．He bought a beautiful_______________(公寓)in the downtown. 2．We should consider the students’ r___________ that the school library provide more books on popular science. 3．T________ to and from the airport is included in the price. 4．The film follows a family’s amazing a____________ on a strange flying machine. 5．“You will see how the glory of humanity （人性的光辉）comes from ordinary people in e____________ situations." says Guan. 6．Later on, Li created a u____________ kind of bird-and-flower painting using the free and spontaneous（自发的） "xieyi" style. 7．They either r____________ a studio space or organize the learning pod in their household. 8．He studied classical a____________ and design in Rome. 9．She offered to arrange his a____________ and even planned his sightseeing. 10．The town is fast becoming a popular weekend d_________ for people in Asia. 11．Often，the only way people keep relationships going with friends is by posting a c__________ to each other online. 12．If China's e___________ policy ensures that social benefits cover the whole population（人口）, even people in faraway areas, why should anyone complain about the correctness of the country's development model? 13．Foreigners, however, usually have a very narrow v___________ of what interesting sightseeing this vast country has to offer. 14．This issue will be discussed in more d________ in the next chapter. 15．Since Britain banned smoking in public，groups of people smoking outside office buildings has become a common s__________ in London. 16．The new app can give you t__________ information，including timetables and maps. Unit 3 Sports and fitness 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．aware adj.意识到的；明白的→ adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的 2．woolen(＝woollen) adj.羊毛的→ n．羊毛，毛织物 3．bleed v．流血→ n．流血，失血 4．alcoholic adj. 酒精的，含酒精的→ n.酒精 5．rubbery adj.橡胶似的→ n.橡胶 6．cottony adj.棉的；像棉样的→ n.棉花 7．stretcher n.担架；延伸器→ vt.伸展，张开 8．injure vt.伤害，损害→ n.伤害，损害 9． adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ n.智慧；智力 10． n.宇宙；天地万物→ adj.普遍的；全世界的 11． vt.查明；确定；决定→ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ n.决心;坚定 12． n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→ n.代理人；代理商；中介；经纪人 13． adj.失望的；沮丧的→ v.使(希望、期望)破灭→ n.失望 14． adj.独立的；自立的→ adv.独立地；自立地 15．对……负责 16．……以及…… 17．总而言之，总的来说 18．此刻，目前，眼下 19．适应某事 20．参加……选拔 21．聚集 22．不再…… 23．而不是 24．换句话说 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Though he had a hard time, he chose to (假装) to his family that everything was fine. 2．Which country is (主办) the Games this year? 3．There’s still a (微小的) chance that he may become president. 4．You’ve got to have a (积极的) attitude to do well in life. 5．We all respected her great (决心) to succeed. 6．Remember that (失败) in one attempt should not stop you trying again. 7．He Jie, a boy from Pingluo, won the (冠军) of the Shenzhen Marathon in 2022. 8．Everybody here always (强调) the importance of good education to the youth. 9．They were well trained by their (主人) who had great experience in caring for these animals. 10．It’s a great (荣耀) to receive that prize in such a big competition. 11．I’ve put on so much weight since I gave up (慢跑). 12．As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to (奖章)at world championship and the Olympics. 13．Scientists are sure of the (正面的) effects of laughter on physical and mental health. 14．The (队长) led our team to victory. 15．The young tennis player has often (竞争) with famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. 16．Few things can be with (与……比较) walking on a bright, sunny spring morning. 17．After being on a diet, she looked (苗条) then before. 18．Though there was only a (小的) chance of winning the game, all of the team members chose to stick it out. 19．Luckily, the driver were only slightly (受伤的) in the car accident. 20．I wanted an opportunity to talk some sense into him and try to make him see the (错误)of his ways. 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．He got an (injure) to his back when he fell off his horse. 2．The athlete was ashamed that he didn’t get the (champion). 3．Not once (do) he give up for lack of experience and confidence. 4．His (determine) to do well made him keep on studying. 5．I feel greatly (honour) to be chosen as a volunteer. 6．Have a little more coffee, you? 7．As we all know, we can work regularly to build up our body. 8．Even we all tried our best, we lost the game and our emotion was down. 9．If you take exercise regularly, you will become (slim) than before. 10．They will leave for Beijing tomorrow night, they? 11．When I invited her to a movie, she said she might not be able to make to the cinema. 12．He was affected by the (fail) in the exam and lost heart. 13．Her husband became much (positive) than before and was soon back in full-time employment. 14．Standards in health care have improved enormously compared 40 years ago. 15．After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk, he gave . 三、汉译英（整句） 1．这部电影获得了巨大成功，吸引了大量观众。（-ing 形式作状语） ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．作为市区的居民，我们应该增强环保意识，而不是对此熟视无睹。(rather than) ______________________________________________________________________________ 3．更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(likely) ______________________________________________________________________________ 4．成人礼后，汤姆宁愿自己打工赚钱，也不要依靠父母经济援助。(prefer) ______________________________________________________________________________ 5．参与志愿者活动对学生的心理和生理发展有积极的作用。(effect) ______________________________________________________________________________ Unit 4 Natural disasters 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．devote (v.) 奉献;贡献；致力→ (n.) 奉献;贡献；忠诚 2．reject (v.) 拒绝→ (n.) 拒绝 3．motivate (v.)激发;鼓励→ (adj.) 有动力的；积极的 4．defense (v.) 防卫;防护→ (v.) 防卫 5．long (adj.) 长的→ (n.) 长度 6．apply (v.) 申请→ (n.) 申请；应用 7．contribute (v.) 做贡献→ (n.) 奉献;贡献 8．advance(v.)发展；前进；促进；推动；改良;提拔→ (adj.) 先进的 ;9．faith (n.)信念→ (adj.) 有信念的；忠诚的 10． promote (v.) 促进，提高→ (n.) 提高 11．economy (n.) 经济；节约→ (adj.) 经济的；经济学的→ (adj.) 经济的；节约的→economist (n.) 经济学家，经济专家 12．apply vi．& vt．申请；请求 vt．应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)→ n．应用；用途；申请→ n．申请人；求职人 13．arrangement n．安排；筹备→ vt．安排 14．powerful adj．强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→ v．给……提供动力 15．official adj．官方的；正式的；公务的n．官员；要员→ n．办公室；政府机关；官职 16．recognise vt．辨别出；承认；认可→ n．认出；认识 17．transport n．交通运输系统 vt．运输；运送→ n．运输 18．amaze vt. 使吃惊→ adj.令人惊奇的→ adj. 惊奇的； 惊喜的→ n. 惊奇 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The volunteers are planning to (派送) more food to the earthquake-­stricken area. 2．As the (谚语) goes, “ (击打) while the iron is hot.” 3．The (供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country. 4．The frequent natural (灾难) have brought people in the area more than $4 million worth of damage. 5．We should recognize our children’s (努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal. 6．His skill in dealing with (突发事件) has earned him a reputation. 7．Many houses were (毁坏) by the earthquake last year. 8．You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the (上下文). 9．The flowers soon (复活) after I watered them in the morning. 10．When you face challenges, you will feel pressure, but keep (冷静)． 11．He (挥手) at the waiter, who rushed to the table. 12．Of all the museum’s paintings, only one (幸存) the fire. 13．The collapse was disastrous, requiring the (紧急情况) medical team and good teamwork. 14．The old tree was once (击中) by lightning. 15．They had accidentally damaged a gas (管子) while drilling. 16．He says it’s like a volcano ready to (喷发). 17．Could you help me write a (概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday? 18．It was the second air (灾难) in the place in less than two months. 19．After the earthquake, helicopters and a navy ship were sent to rescue those who were (受困于) in the ruins. 20．The plane (坠毁), exploding as it hit the ground. 二、汉译英（整句） 1．他们似乎不在乎亨利的感受。(seem; as if) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 那些父母在地震中遇难的孩子得到了政府的帮助。(whose) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 众所周知，书是知识的源泉。(as) ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 当罗丝意识到礼物是什么时，她完全震惊了。(shock) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. 无论如何，我们应该努力达成我们的目标。(effort) ___________________________________________________________________________ Unit 5 Languages around the world 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．determine v. 测定；确定→ adj.坚决的；有决心的→ n. 决心，决定 2．eventual adj.最后的；最终的→ adv.终于；最终 3．solve vt.解决；解答→ n. 解决，解决方法 4．amaze vt.使吃惊，使惊讶→ adj.惊人的；了不起的→ adj.感到惊奇的，吃惊的，惊讶的→ n. 吃惊；惊讶 5．survive v. 活下来；幸存→ n. 幸存→ n. 幸存者 6．effect n. 影响；结果→ adj.有效的 7．accommodate vt.为……提供住宿/空间；适应（房间等）；容纳→ n. 住处；工作场所 8．recover v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复→ n. 恢复；痊愈 9．shock n. 吃惊；震惊→ adj.吃惊的；震惊的；震撼的→ adj.令人震惊的 10．vary v. 变化；不同→ n. 多样化；变化→ adj.各种各样的；多方面的 11．concentrate v. 专注，专心→ n. 集中；专心，专注；关注 12．freeze v. 突然停止，呆住→ adj.极冷的 13．react v. 反应→ n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．All men are born (平等) regardless of race or color. 2．A friend of mine noticed a guy wandering in the (地铁) station. 3．The manager (强烈要求) that the workers should finish the work ahead of time. 4．We are not going to (祈求) for help anymore. 5．Now, as a (象征) of China, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. 6．By the age of five，Li Ming had known more than 2,000 Chinese (文字)． 7．Some tourists like (雕刻) their names on the buildings in scenic spots, which is a bad behavior in my opinion. 8．There are many (因素) leading to happiness，such as receiving good education and getting along well with others. 9．She speaks not only her (本国的) language, Chinese, but also English. 10．The teenagers have (明确的) requirements of how to do that. 11．Reading (经典作品) books can boost your learning experience. 12．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up our strength, but also develop our (性格). 13．Angelink is a post graduate from a key university, (主修) in chemistry. 14．Do these (符号) have any particular significance? 15．He specially (提到) to our help to him in his talk. 16．The film which has just been put on is (基于) on a true story and well-worth watching. 17．His language is vivid and amusing, which gives the readers a detailed   (描述) of the country lifestyle in Britain. 18．The poor girl has been (斗争) against cancer for two years. 19．Computer hackers (黑客) have broken down security (系统), which causes anxiety about the safety of information. 20．Mary is   (将……认为) as the most careful girl in her class. 二、完成句子 1．Chinese kung fu，a traditional sport，has a long history and __________ our national treasure. 中国功夫，一种传统的运动，拥有悠久的历史，被认为是我们国家的瑰宝。 2．He has become more determined after going through so many . 经历了这么多浮沉之后，他变得更加坚定了。 3．I’d me back as soon as possible. 如果你尽早回信我将感激不尽。 4．It is known that fruits . 众所周知，水果对我们的健康非常有帮助。 5． , you should have a positive attitude towards/to your work. 无论你面临什么问题，都应该对工作持积极的态度。 6．由于种种原因，周日我不能和你一起去书店。 , I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you. 7．Secondly, one composition every three days. 其次，我要求你每三天写一篇作文。 8． English sentences you master, articles you will create. 你掌握的英语句子越多，你越能创作更好的文章。 9． , I am willing to give you some suggestions. 得知你在书面英语上有困难，我乐意给你一些建议。 10．It was a time . 那是一段我沉迷于电脑游戏的时期。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年高一英语夯基培优暑假作业(人教版2019) 第01练 必修一核心词汇巩固训练 内容: 复习（人教版2019）必修一的核心词汇 题型：重点单词变形、词组、短语及句型习题检测 Welcome Unit 核心词汇回顾 重点词汇变形 1．explore  v.探索；探究；考察→ __________   n.探索；勘探；研究 2．develop  v.发展；开发→  __________  n.发展；开发 3．interview v.面试；采访→  __________ n.被面试者；被采访者→  ________ n.面试者；采访者 4．achieve  v.实现；达到→  __________   n.成就；功绩；达到；实现 5．universe  n.宇宙；天地万物→  __________  adj.全世界的；普遍的 6．require  v.需要；要求→  __________   n.必要条件；需要；必需品；必要条件 7．mental  adj.精神的；思想的→    __________   adv.思想上；智力上；精神上 8．physical  adj.身体的；物理的；实物的→   __________   adv.身体上，按自然法则 9．intelligent  adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→   __________   n.智力；才智；智慧 10．determine vt. 决定；查明；决心→  __________   adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→   __________   n.决心；决定 11．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→________adv.不安地→________n.担心；焦虑 12．annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰→_________ adj.恼怒的；生气的→ adj.________令人烦恼的→ ________n.烦恼 13．fright n.恐惧，害怕→________v.使恐惧，吓唬→________adj.惊吓的，害怕的→________adj.令人恐惧的 14．impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目→________n.印象，感想，印记→________adj.给人深刻印象的 15．concentrate vi.& vt.集中（注意力）；聚精会神→_________n.专心；集中→________adj.全神贯注的；集中的 16．confident adj.自信的；有把握的→_________n.信心，信任→________adv.自信地 17．organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立→________n.组织，机构，团体→_________n.组织者→________adj.有组织的；有条理的 18．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→________adv.好奇地→________n.好奇心 19．formal adj.正式的；正规的→________adj.非正式的，非正规的 20．male adj.男（性）的；雄的n.雄性动（植）物；男子→_________adj.女（性）的；雌的n.雌性动（植）物；女子 21．________ vt.&vi. 集中（注意力）；聚精会神→________ n. 集中；专心 22．________ adj. 自信的；有把握的→________ adv. 自信地；有把握地→________ n. 信心；信任 23．________ vt.&vi. 探索；勘探→________ n. 探索者；勘探者→________ n. 探索；勘探 24．________ adj. 级别（或地位）高的 n. 年长的人→(反义词) ________ adj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的 n. 青少年 25．________ vt. 组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi. 组建；成立→________ n. 组织；团体；机构→________ adj. 有条理的；有组织的 26．________ adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的→________ adv. 好奇地→________ n. 好奇心；好奇 27．________ n. 性格；个性→________ adj. 个人的；私人的→________ adv. 亲自；就个人而言 28．________ vt.&vi. 修改；修订；复习→________ n. 复习 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Our best ______ (策略) is to hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. 2．This question can be answered only by ________ (实验)． 3．Their wonderful performances ________ (使留下深刻印象) the audience last month. 4．Male animals are often larger than the ________(雌性的) ones. 5．The unique name gives the ________(印象) that the company is mysterious. 6．The students’ union organised a concert in order to enrich our ____(校园) life. 7．I feel much more ________ (有信心的) about myself and my abilities these days. 8．I was ________ (害怕的) of being left by myself in the house. 9．I’m ________ (好奇的) to see what’s going to happen on the political scene. 10．I felt a little_______ (尴尬的), so I smiled at him. 二、单句语法填空 1．There are opportunities to develop important skills and learning ________(strategy) that can be applied to the school curriculum. 2．The teacher was ________(annoy) that his students did not study harder. 3．His wife has a very strong ________(person) and they often quarrel. 4．With the noise going, we can’t concentrate ________our studies. 5．I’ve been looking forward ______going on a vacation. 6．He takes delight in ________ (annoy) me. 7．His trip to India made a strong ________(impress) on him. 8．He got ________(annoy), saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me. 9．As we know, the marriage without ________(register) is not recognized by the law. 10．_____ (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets. 11．I now look forward to ________(go) back to work as soon as possible. 12．Most children are ________ (fright) by the sight of blood. 13．Most of the food for the homeless in the area is provided by a voluntary ________(organize). 14．To celebrate the 20th national congress of the Communist Party of China (中共二十大), some activities were ________(design) to tell young people the history of the CPC． 15．Having got fully prepared, I walked into the interview room ________ and it was my ________ that made me pass the interview successfully. (confident) 16．There was an announcement that Flight 303 would be postponed due to the foggy weather, which made many people feel ____ (anxiety). 17．Moreover, practising tai chi has inspired him ________(explore) the Chinese culture behind it. 18．I sometimes have trouble ________ (concentrate) on my task if there is much noise. 19．When ________ (complete), the library will be open to the public. 20．________ (impress) with her fluent English, the manager offered Judie a job interview. 三、完成句子 1．外面太吵了，我无法把注意力集中在书本上。 There is too much noise outside. I can not ________ my book. 2．The teacher ________ when the boy refused to answer the question. 当那个男孩拒绝回答问题时，老师很生气。 3．You need to understand how Chinese speakers have________ . 你需要理解中文演讲者是怎样组织他们的想法的。 4．这家公司有很多人级别比我高。 Many people _____ _____ _____ me in this company. 5．她问我：“如果你和朋友意见不和会怎样呢？”(what if)She asked me, “________?” 6．给我印象最深的是他们面对困难时从不泄气。 ___________________ was that they never lost heart when faced with difficulties. 7．她目前正专注于服装设计师的工作。 She is now ________ a career as a fashion designer. 8．万一这个计划失败了，那又该怎么办? ________ this plan fails, what then? 9．在日本，为了登记一辆汽车，车主一定要有地方停车。 In order to ________ in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 10．作为一名交换生,在开学第一天我感到既兴奋又焦虑。(exchange, anxious) __________, __________on my first school day. 11．我发现阅读在我们的日常生活中非常有用。(find+宾语+宾补) I ________________ in our daily life. 12．上高中一个月后，我逐渐了解了我的室友以及他们的爱好。(get to know) After a month at my senior high school, I ________________ . 【答案】 1．exploration 2．development 3． interviewee interviewer 4．achievement 5．universal 6．requirement 7．mentally 8．physically 9．intelligence 10． determined determination 【解析】1．考查名词。explore 为动词，意为“探索；探究；考察”其名词为exploration，意为“探索；勘探；研究”。故填exploration。 2．考查名词。表示“发展；开发”用develop，其名词为development，意为“发展；开发”。故填development。 3．考查名词。表示“面试；采访”用interview；表示“被面试者；被采访者”用名词interviewee；表示“面试者；采访者”用名词interviewer。故填①interviewee；②interviewer。 4．考查名词。表示“实现；达到”用动词achieve，表示“成就；功绩；达到；实现”用名词achievement。故填achievement。 5．考查形容词。表示“宇宙；天地万物”用名词universe；表示“全世界的；普遍的”用形容词universal。 6．考查名词。表示“需要；要求”用动词require；表示“必要条件；需要；必需品；必要条件”用名词requirement。故填requirement。 7．考查副词。表示“精神的；思想的”用形容词mental；表示“思想上；智力上；精神上”用副词mentally。故填mentally。 8．考查副词。表示“身体的；物理的；实物的”用形容词physical；表示“身体上，按自然法则”用副词physically。故填physically。 9．考查名词。表示“有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的”用intelligent；表示“智力；才智；智慧”用名词intelligence。故填intelligence。 10．考查形容词和名词。表示“决定；查明；决心”用动词determine；表示“有决心的；意志坚定的”用形容词determined；表示“决心；决定”用名词determination。故填①determined；②determination。 11． anxiously anxiety 12． annoyed annoying annoyance 13． frighten frightened frightening 14． impression impressive 15． concentration concentrated 16． confidence confidently 17． organisation organiser organised 18． curiously curiosity 19．informal 20．female 【解析】11．anxious“焦虑的；不安的”，形容词，其副词形式是anxiously“不安地”，名词形式是anxiety“担心；焦虑”，故答案是①anxiously②anxiety。 12．annoy“使恼怒；打扰”，动词，其形容词有两种形式，annoyed“恼怒的；生气的”，annoying“令人烦恼的”，其名词形式是annoyance“烦恼”。故答案是①annoyed②annoying③annoyance。 13．fright“恐惧，害怕”，名词，其动词形式是frighten“使恐惧，吓唬”，形容词有两种形式，frightened“惊吓的，害怕的”，frightening“令人恐惧的”，故答案是①frighten②frightened③frightening。 14．impress“使钦佩；给……留下深刻的好印象；留下印象；引人注目”，动词，其名词形式是impression“印象，感想，印记”，形容词形式是impressive“给人深刻印象的”，故答案是①impression②impressive。 15．concentrate“集中（注意力）；聚精会神”，动词，其名词形式是concentration“专心；集中”，形容词形式是concentrated“全神贯注的；集中的”，故答案是①concentration②concentrated。 16．confident“自信的；有把握的”，形容词，其名词形式是confidence“信心，信任”，副词形式是confidently“自信地”，故答案是①confidence②confidently。 17．organise“组织；筹备；安排；组建；组建；成立”，动词，名词有两种形式，organisation“组织，机构，团体”，organiser“组织者”，形容词形式是organised“有组织的；有条理的”，故答案是①organisation②organiser③organised。 18．curious“好奇的；求知欲强的”，形容词，其副词形式是curiously“好奇地”，名词形式是curiosity“好奇心”，故答案是①curiously②curiosity。 19．formal“正式的；正规的”，形容词，其反义词是informal“非正式的，非正规的”，故答案是informal。 20．male“男（性）的；雄的”，形容词，也可作名词，意为“雄性动（植）物；男子”，其反义词是female，可作形容词，意为“女（性）的；雌的”，也可作名词，意为“雌性动（植）物；女子”，故答案是female。 21． concentrate concentration 22． confident confidently confidence 23． explore explorer exploration 24． senior junior 25． organise organisation organised 26． curious curiously curiosity 27． personality personal personally 28． revise revision 【解析】21．concentrate“集中(注意力)；聚精会神”，动词；其名词形式是concentration“集中；专心；故答案是①concentrate②concentration。 22．confident“自信的；有把握的”，形容词；其副词形式是在形容词基础上加-ly，即confidently“自信地；有把握地”；其名词形式是confidence“信心；信任”，故答案是①confident②confidently③confidence。 23．explore“探索；勘探”，动词；其名词形式是explorer“探索者；勘探者”，或exploration“探索；勘探”，故答案是①explore②explorer③exploration。 24．senior“级别(或地位)高的 ”，形容词，senior也可作名词译为“年长的人”；其反义词是junior“地位(或职位、级别)低下的”，junior也可作名词，译为“青少年”，故答案是①senior②junior。 25．organise“组织；筹备；安排；组建”，及物动词，作不及物动词时译为“组建；成立”；其名词形式是organisation“组织；团体；机构”；其形容词形式是organised“有条理的；有组织的”，故答案是①organise②organisation③organised。 26．curious“好奇的；求知欲强的”，形容词；其副词形式是在形容词基础上加-ly，即curiously“好奇地”；其名词形式是curiosity“好奇心；好奇”，故答案是①curious②curiously③curiosity。 27．personality“性格；个性”，名词；其形容词形式是personal“个人的；私人的”；其副词形式是在形容词基础上加-ly，即personally“亲自；就个人而言”，故答案是①personality②personal③personally。 28．revise“修改；修订；复习”，动词；其名词形式是revision“复习”，故答案是①revise②revision。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Our best ______(策略) is to hope for the best but be prepared for the worst. 【答案】strategy 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们最好的策略就是作最好的打算，但作最坏的准备。根据汉语提示可知，strategy策略，可数名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式，在句中作主语，故填strategy。 2．This question can be answered only by ________(实验)． 【答案】experiment 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个问题只能用实验来回答。根据介词“by”可知，此处应为名词，作宾语；根据汉语提示，介词短语by experiment 意为：用实验、从试验中，符合句意。故填experiment。 3．Their wonderful performances ________ (使留下深刻印象) the audience last month. 【答案】impressed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们上个月的精彩表演给观众留下了深刻的印象。根据句意和汉语提示，应填impress，impress sb.“给……留下深刻印象”，由last month可知用一般过去时，故填impressed。 4．Male animals are often larger than the ________(雌性的) ones. 【答案】female 【详解】考查形容词。句意：雄性动物通常比雌性动物大。ones是代词，前面应该用形容词修饰，且根据提示，故填female。 5．The unique name gives the ________(印象) that the company is mysterious. 【答案】impression 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个独特的名字给人一种这个公司很神秘的印象。设空处为名词作宾语，根据汉语提示可知是impression，可数名词，这里是特指这种印象，应用单数形式，故填impression。 6．The students’ union organised a concert in order to enrich our ____(校园) life. 【答案】campus 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了丰富我们的校园生活，学生会组织了一场音乐会。根据汉语提示可知应填名词campus，作定语。故填campus。 7．I feel much more ________ (有信心的) about myself and my abilities these days. 【答案】confident 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些天我对自己和自己的能力更加自信了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要“有信心的”对应的形容词confident，作表语。故填confident。 8．I was ________ (害怕的) of being left by myself in the house. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很害怕被一个人留在家里。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要“害怕的”对应的形容词frightened，作表语。故填frightened。 9．I’m ________ (好奇的) to see what’s going to happen on the political scene. 【答案】curious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很好奇想看看政治舞台上会发生什么。根据汉语提示可知，curious好奇的，形容词，在句中作表语。故填curious。 10．I felt a little_______(尴尬的), so I smiled at him. 【答案】awkward 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我感到很尴尬，所以我对他笑了笑。句中felt为系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据中文提示和句意，故填awkward。 二、单句语法填空 1．There are opportunities to develop important skills and learning ________(strategy) that can be applied to the school curriculum. 【答案】strategies 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：有机会发展可以应用到学校课程中重要的技能和学习策略。strategy意为“策略”，为可数名词，根据skills可知，此处应用复数形式。故填strategies。 2．The teacher was ________(annoy) that his students did not study harder. 【答案】annoyed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师对他的学生没有更加努力地学习感到恼火。分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作表语。此处说明主语The teacher，应用-ed结尾的形容词annoyed，意为“恼怒的；生气的”。故填annoyed。 3．His wife has a very strong ________(person) and they often quarrel. 【答案】personality 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的妻子个性很强，他们经常吵架。设空处在句中作宾语，名词personality“性格，个性”符合句意，由空前的“has a very strong”可知设空处应填名词单数形式。故填personality。 4．With the noise going, we can’t concentrate ________our studies. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：噪音不断，我们无法集中精力学习。此处表示“集中精力”，应用动词短语concentrate on。故填on。 5．I’ve been looking forward ______going on a vacation. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我一直盼望着去度假。短语look forward to表示“期待”，故填to。 6．He takes delight in ________ (annoy) me. 【答案】annoying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他以惹恼我为乐。takes为谓语动词，空格处作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填annoying。 7．His trip to India made a strong ________(impress) on him. 【答案】impression 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的印度之行给他留下了深刻的印象。作宾语，应用名词impression，故填impression。 8．He got ________(annoy), saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me. 【答案】annoyed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他很生气，说如果他弹得不如我，那不是他的错。根据句意以及空前got系动词可知，此处为形容词annoyed“生气的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填annoyed。 9．As we know, the marriage without ________(register) is not recognized by the law. 【答案】registration 【详解】考查名词。句意：正如我们知道的那样，没有登记的婚姻是不被法律承认的。介词without后应用名词registration，作宾语，为不可数名词。故填registration。 10．_____ (concentrate) deeply on his work, the engineer ignored what was happening out in the streets. 【答案】Concentrating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位工程师全神贯注地工作，没有理会街上发生的事情。concentrate与逻辑主语the engineer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Concentrating。 11．I now look forward to ________(go) back to work as soon as possible. 【答案】going　 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我现在渴望尽早回到工作岗位。look forward to “盼望，期盼”，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填going。　 12．Most children are ________ (fright) by the sight of blood. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数孩子一看到血就害怕。分析句子，设空处使用fright的形容词作表语，表示“感到害怕的”用frightened，修饰人。故填frightened。 13．Most of the food for the homeless in the area is provided by a voluntary ________(organize). 【答案】organization 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个地区无家可归者的大部分食物是由一个志愿组织提供的。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词，空处需填名词organization。故填organization。 14．To celebrate the 20th national congress of the Communist Party of China (中共二十大), some activities were ________(design) to tell young people the history of the CPC． 【答案】designed 【详解】考查语态。句意：为了庆祝中国共产党的第20届全国代表大会，一些活动旨在告诉年轻人中国共产党的历史。根据句意可知，design在此处表示“计划，设计”，主语some activities和动词design为被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式与were构成一般过去时的被动。故填designed。 15．Having got fully prepared, I walked into the interview room ________ and it was my ________ that made me pass the interview successfully. (confident) 【答案】 confidently confidence 【详解】考查词形转换。句意：在做了充分的准备之后，我自信地走进了面试室，正是我的自信使我顺利通过了面试。分析句子结构可知，第一个空作状语修饰walked，故用副词confidently；and后是强调句，被强调部分“my __________”是主语，故第二个空用名词confidence。故填①confidently；②confidence。 16．There was an announcement that Flight 303 would be postponed due to the foggy weather, which made many people feel ____(anxiety). 【答案】anxious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有消息称，由于大雾天气，303航班将推迟，这让许多人感到焦虑。形容词anxious作feel的表语。故填anxious。 17．Moreover, practising tai chi has inspired him ________(explore) the Chinese culture behind it. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，练习太极拳激励他探索太极拳背后的中国文化。固定短语inspire sb to do sth“激励某人做某事”符合句意，设空处应填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to explore。 18．I sometimes have trouble ________ (concentrate) on my task if there is much noise. 【答案】concentrating 【详解】考查动名词。句意：有时如果噪音太多，我很难集中注意力做事情。根据句子分析可知，此处为“have trouble (in) doing sth.作某事由困难”，故应用动名词作宾语，故填concentrating。 19．When ________ (complete), the library will be open to the public. 【答案】completed 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：竣工时，图书馆将对公众开放。此处是When引导的时间状语从句省略句，从句主语是the library与从句谓语动词complete是被动关系，从句谓语用be done形式，从句主语与主句主语一致且从句含有be动词，常省略从句的主语和be动词，应用过去分词completed。故填completed。 20．________ (impress) with her fluent English, the manager offered Judie a job interview. 【答案】Impressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理对Judie流利的英语印象深刻，给了她面试的机会。动词impress和逻辑主语the manager之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语，首字母应大写。故填Impressed。 三、完成句子 1．外面太吵了，我无法把注意力集中在书本上。 There is too much noise outside. I can not ________ my book. 【答案】concentrate my attention on 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意，表示“集中……在……”应为concentrate...on...，表示“注意力”为attention作concentrate的宾语，因位于情态动词之后，所以此处为动词原形。故填concentrate my attention on。 2．The teacher ________when the boy refused to answer the question. 当那个男孩拒绝回答问题时，老师很生气。 【答案】got very annoyed 【详解】考查谓语动词，副词和形容词。表示“生气”应用形容词annoyed；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时，谓语动词用get，表示“变得”。故填got very annoyed。 3．You need to understand how Chinese speakers have________ . 你需要理解中文演讲者是怎样组织他们的想法的。 【答案】their thoughts organized 【详解】考查过去分词。分析可知设空处意思是组织他们的想法，根据前面的have可知应用have sth done的结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，组织用organize，想法用thought，结合句意，故填their thoughts organized。 4．这家公司有很多人级别比我高。 Many people _____ _____ _____ me in this company. 【答案】 are senior to 【详解】考查形容词短语。根据汉语提示和句意，设空处缺“级别比……高”，表达为形容词短语be senior to，为系表结构，为固定搭配。主语为Many people，为复数，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填：①are；②senior；③to。 5．她问我：“如果你和朋友意见不和会怎样呢？”(what if) She asked me, “________?” 【答案】What if you disagree with your friend 【详解】考查固定句式。“What if”意为假设，如果，引导条件状语从句，表示“要是……会怎么样呢?”，“与……意见不和”的英文为disagree with sb，故填What if you disagree with your friend。 6．给我印象最深的是他们面对困难时从不泄气。 ___________________ was that they never lost heart when faced with difficulties. 【答案】What impressed me most 【详解】考查主语从句。根据汉语意思可知，此处应为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，代指事，所以使用what，表示“给我印象最深”应为impression me most，根据was可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，所以应为what impressed me most，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What impressed me most。 7．她目前正专注于服装设计师的工作。 She is now ________ a career as a fashion designer. 【答案】concentrating on 【详解】考查动词短语。“专注于”使用动词短语concentrate on，句子是现在进行时，故动词用现在分词形式。故填concentrating on。 8．万一这个计划失败了，那又该怎么办? ________ this plan fails, what then? 【答案】What if 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为固定句型What if…“万一，假若，要是……会怎么样呢”，满足句意要求。故填What if。 9．在日本，为了登记一辆汽车，车主一定要有地方停车。 In order to ________ in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it. 【答案】register a car 【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“登记一辆汽车”，应用动词短语register a car，空前to是动词不定式符号，应用动词原形。故填register a car。 10．作为一名交换生,在开学第一天我感到既兴奋又焦虑。(exchange, anxious) __________, __________on my first school day. 【答案】 As/Being an exchange student I felt both excited and anxious 【详解】考查名词和形容词。分析句子结构可知，第一空应为介词短语，表示作为应为介词as， 交换生应为“exchange student”， 因exchange的发音以元音音素开头,所以前面的不定冠词应该用an，所以“作为一名交换生”应为as an exchange student，或者是使用分词作状语，使用being表示“作为”，且位于句首，首字母要大写，故第一空应填As/Being an exchange student ；第二空中表示“既……又……”连接并列的成分，分析句意可知，此处连接的是两个形容词，表示“既兴奋又焦虑”应为 both excited and anxious，表示“我感觉”为I feel，其中的“feel”为系动词，结合时间状语可知，此处应为一般过去时态，系动词无被动，应为I felt，所以第二空应填I felt both excited and anxious。故填①As/Being an exchange student；②I felt both excited and anxious。 11．我发现阅读在我们的日常生活中非常有用。(find+宾语+宾补) I ________________in our daily life. 【答案】find reading very useful/helpful 【详解】根据提示和句意可知，这里应该用“find+宾语+形容词”形式，再根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译，需翻译部分是“发现阅读非常有用”，应译为“find reading very useful/helpful”。故填find reading very useful/helpful。 12．上高中一个月后，我逐渐了解了我的室友以及他们的爱好。(get to know) After a month at my senior high school, I ________________. 【答案】got to know my roommates and their hobbies 【详解】考查时态和名词。结合时间状语“After a month at my senior high school”可知，事情已发生，谓语时态用一般过去时，get to know (逐渐了解)，复数名词roommates (室友)和hobbies (爱好)作宾语。故填got to know my roommates and their hobbies。 Unit 1 Teenage life 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．volunteer n. 志愿者→________adj. 志愿的；自愿的 2．prefer vt.较喜欢→__________n喜爱；偏爱 3．move vi.移动;搬家，迁移；离开 vt. 移动；感动→________ n. 动作；运动；活动 4．suit vt.适合；使适宜→__________adj.合适的；适用的 5．________n挑战；艰巨任务 vt.怀疑；向……挑战→________adj.具有挑战性的 6．________ vt.使糊涂；使迷惑→__________adj.令人迷惑的→__________adj.感到迷惑的→__________n迷惑 7．________vi.& vt.毕业；获得学位→__________n毕业；毕业典礼 8．________n前进；发展 vi.前进；发展 vt. 发展；促进→__________adj.高级的；先进的 9．________adj.负责的；有责任的→__________n责任；义务 10．solve vt.解决→________n解决办法；答案 11．behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→________n.行为；举止 12．________vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) →________n.有吸引力的事物；吸引→________adj.吸引人的 13．________n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→________adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 14．________vt.推荐；建议→________n. 建议；推荐 15．________adj.流利的；流畅的→________adv.流利地；流畅地→________n. 流利；流畅 16．_________n. 挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑；向……挑战→________ n. 挑战者→________ adj. 具有挑战性的 17．_________vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑→________ adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的→________ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的→________ n. 困惑；不确定；混乱 18．_________adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→________ adv. 流利地；流畅地→________ n. (尤指外语)流利；流畅 19．_________vi. & vt. 毕业；获得学位 n. 毕业生→________ n. 毕业；毕业典礼 20．_________adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的→________ n. 前进；发展 vi. 前进；发展 vt. 发展；促进 21．_________adv. 显然；明显地→________ adj. 明显的；显然的；易理解的 22．_________adj. 负责的；有责任的→________ n. 责任；义务 23．_________n. 解决办法；答案→________ v. 解决 24．_________n. 行为；举止→________ v. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 25．_________adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→________ n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→________ n. 瘾；入迷；癖好→________ adj. 使人上瘾的 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．John is ________(对……上瘾) to playing mobile games. 2．We read and studied indoors, ________ (较喜欢) the sunny outdoor environment. 3．Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value a sense of ________.(责任) 4．Most of the guests were annoyed at his bad ______ (行为举止) that day. 5．The doctors told my wife I had much chance of ______ (幸存). 6．Xi’an International Exhibition (展览) Center has ______ (吸引) many business people. 7．It’s too noisy outside to ________ (专心) on my study. 8．He has been forced to adjust his______ (日程表) because of the busy work. 9．My adviser ________(建议) that I should sign up for advanced ________(文学) because I like English and I’m good at it. 10．I found an evening dress that is_________(适合)for me well. 11．The dove_____________ (代表) peace. 12．Usually，each book has its own _________ (目录) in the front of it. 13．He works as a _________(自愿者) at off time. 14．I want to book a tour with_________ (冒险) sports. 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．Fears are growing for the safety of a______ (teenage)who disappeared a week ago. 2．_____ (actual), it would be much more sensible to do it later. 3．Living in the new era (时代)，we should shoulder the __________ (responsible) to achieve the Chinese dream. 4．My sister is fond of___________(volunteer) in her spare time. 5．We shall maintain our focus ________ the needs of the customers. 6．They may hate what he does but their ______ (survive) depends on him. 7．Jane said that she ______ (prefer) staying at home to going around. 8．But ________ (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus ________ other things in life. 9．The school adviser helped me choose the ________ (suit) ones. 【答案】 1．voluntary 2．preference 3．movement 4．suitable 5． challenge challenging 6． confuse confusing confused confusion 7． graduate graduation 8． advance advanced 9． responsible responsibility 10．solution 11．behaviour 12． attract attraction attractive 13． addict addicted 14． recommend recommendation 15． fluent fluently fluency16． challenge challenger challenging 17． confuse confusing confused confusion 18． fluent fluently fluency 19． graduate graduation 20． advanced advance 21． obviously obvious 22． responsible responsibility 23． solution solve 24． behaviour/behavior behave 25． addicted addict addiction addictive 【解析】1．“志愿的；自愿的”在英文中翻译为voluntary,根据词性可知是形容词，故答案为voluntary。 2．“喜爱；偏爱”在英文中翻译为preference,根据词性可知是名词，故答案为preference。 3．“动作；运动；活动” 根据词性可知是名词movement，在英文中翻译为movement,故答案为movement。 4．“合适的；适用的” 根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为suitable,故答案为suitable。 5．“挑战；艰巨任务” 根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为challenge;“具有挑战性的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为challenging,故答案为challenge; challenging。 6．“使糊涂；使迷惑”根据词性可知是动词，在英文中翻译为confuse; “令人迷惑的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为confusing; “感到迷惑的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为confused; “迷惑”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为confusion,故答案为confuse; confusing; confused; confusion。 7．“毕业；获得学位”根据词性可知是动词，在英文中翻译为graduate, “毕业；毕业典礼”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为graduation;故答案为graduate; graduation。 8．“前进；发展”根据词性可知是名词也是动词，在英文中翻译为advance, “高级的；先进的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为advanced;故答案为advance; advanced。 9．“负责的；有责任的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为responsible, “责任；义务”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为responsibility;故答案为responsible; responsibility。 10．“解决办法；答案”根据词性可知是动词，在英文中翻译为solution,故答案为solution。 11．“行为；举止”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为behaviour,故答案为behaviour。 12．“吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)”根据词性可知是动词，在英文中翻译为attract; “有吸引力的事物；吸引”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为attraction; “吸引人的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为attractive,故答案为attract; attraction; attractive。 13．“对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为addict; “有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为addicted,故答案为addict; addicted。 14．“推荐；建议”根据词性可知是动词，在英文中翻译为recommend; “建议；推荐”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为recommendation,故答案为recommend; recommendation。 15．“流利的；流畅的”根据词性可知是形容词，在英文中翻译为fluent；“流利地；流畅地”根据词性可知是副词，在英文中翻译为fluently；“流利；流畅”根据词性可知是名词，在英文中翻译为fluency，故答案为fluent；fluently；fluency。 【解析】16．“挑战；艰巨任务”名词形式为challenge；“挑战者”名词形式为challenger；“具有挑战性的”形容词形式为challenging。故填challenge、challenger和challenging。 17．“使糊涂；使迷惑”动词形式为confuse；“难以理解的；不清楚的”形容词形式为confusing；“糊涂的；迷惑的”形容词形式为confused；“困惑；不确定；混乱”名词形式为confusion。故填confuse、confusing、confused和confusion。 18．“(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的”形容词形式为fluent；“流利地；流畅地”副词形式为fluently；“(尤指外语)流利；流畅”名词形式为fluency。故填fluent、fluently和fluency。 19．“毕业；获得学位”动词形式为graduate；“毕业；毕业典礼”名词形式为graduation。故填graduate和graduation。 20．“高级的；高等的；先进的”形容词形式为advanced；“前进；发展”名词形式为advance。故填advanced和advance。 21．“显然；明显地”副词形式为obviously；“明显的；显然的；易理解的”形容词形式为obvious。故填obviously和obvious。 22．“负责的；有责任的”形容词形式为responsible；“责任；义务”名词形式为responsibility。故填responsible和responsibility。 23．“解决办法；答案”名词形式为solution；“解决”动词形式为solve。故填solution和solve。 24．“行为；举止”名词形式为behaviour/behavior；“举动；(举止或行为)表现”动词形式为behave。故填behaviour/behavior和behave。 25．“有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的”形容词形式为addicted；“对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人”名词形式为addict；“瘾；入迷；癖好”名词形式为addiction；“使人上瘾的”形容词形式为addictive。故填addicted、addict、addiction和addictive。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．John is ________(对……上瘾) to playing mobile games. 【答案】addicted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：约翰沉迷于玩手机游戏。根据“to playing mobile games”和汉语提示可知，空处应用形容词addicted，作句子的表语，构成固定短语be addicted to，意为“对……上瘾，沉迷于……”，表示“沉迷于玩手机游戏”。故填addicted。 2．We read and studied indoors, ________ (较喜欢) the sunny outdoor environment. 【答案】preferring 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：我们在室内阅读和学习，更喜欢阳光明媚的室外环境。表示“更喜欢”用动词prefer，分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词read and studied，与动词prefer之间没有连接词，所以空处用非谓语，句子主语we与动词prefer为主谓关系，因此空处用现在分词。故填preferring。 3．Born in a traditional family, Rick was brought up to value a sense of ________.(责任) 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：Rick出生在一个传统家庭，从小就被教导要重视责任感。根据汉语提示可知，responsibility责任，不可数名词，作介词of的宾语，a sense of responsibility责任感，故填responsibility。 4．Most of the guests were annoyed at his bad ______ (行为举止) that day. 【答案】behavior/behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数客人都对他那天的糟糕行为感到恼火。根据汉语提示及“his bad”可知，空处需填名词，behavior/behaviour作名词，表示“行为举止”，泛指一个人的行为态度时是不可数名词。故填behavior或behaviour。 5．The doctors told my wife I had much chance of ______ (幸存). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：医生告诉我妻子我有很大的几率活下来。根据汉语提示及“chance of”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，survival作名词，表示“幸存”，是不可数名词。故填survival。 6．Xi’an International Exhibition (展览) Center has ______ (吸引) many business people. 【答案】attracted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：西安国际展览中心吸引众多商务人士。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填动词attract，作谓语，根据句意和has可知，应用现在完成时。故填attracted。 7．As a __________(青少年), I was quite shy. 【答案】teenager 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为青少年，我相当害羞。冠词后用单数名词，根据汉语提示可知，“青少年”是teenager，作宾语。故填teenager。 8．It’s too noisy outside to ________ (专心) on my study. 【答案】focus/concentrate 【详解】考查动词。句意：外面太吵了，我没法专心学习。根据汉语提示可知为短语focus/concentrate on，且为句型too...to do sth.句型。故填focus/concentrate。 9．He has been forced to adjust his______ (日程表) because of the busy work. 【答案】schedule 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于工作繁忙，他不得不调整日程。根据中文提示可知，表示“日程表”应用schedule，且由句意可知，这里应用单数形式，在这里作宾语。故填schedule。 10．My adviser ________(建议) that I should sign up for advanced ________(文学) because I like English and I’m good at it. 【答案】 recommended literature 【详解】考查动词时态和名词。句意：我的顾问建议我报名参加高级文学，因为我喜欢英语，而且我很擅长。空格1在主句中作谓语，根据汉语提示“建议”是recommend，此处陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，谓语动词应用动词的过去式；根据空格2前的形容词advanced可知，空格处应填名词在从句中作宾语，结合汉语提示“文学”是literature。故空格1填recommended；空格2填literature。 11．I found an evening dress that is_________(适合)for me well. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我找到了一件很适合我的晚礼服。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语，表示“适合的”用suitable，be suitable for sb.“适合某人”。故填suitable。 12．The dove_____________ (代表) peace. 【答案】represents 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：鸽子代表和平。“代表”表达为动词represent，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填represents。 13．Usually，each book has its own _________ (目录) in the front of it. 【答案】content 【详解】考查名词。句意：一般情况下，每本书在它的最前面有它的目录。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是名词content“目录”，该词作为has的宾语，结合语境可知一本书的目录只有一个，故用该名词单数形式，故填content。 14．He works as a _________(自愿者) at off time. 【答案】volunteer 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在业余时间做志愿者。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，结合汉语提示可知，此处表示“志愿者”，应用名词volunteer，结合前面的不定冠词a可知，此处用名词单数。故填volunteer。 15．I want to book a tour with_________ (冒险) sports. 【答案】adventure 【详解】考查名词。句意：我想预订一个有冒险运动的旅行。根据汉语提示“冒险”可知，此处应填名词adventure，作定语。故填adventure。 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．Fears are growing for the safety of a______ (teenage)who disappeared a week ago. 【答案】teenager 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们越来越担心一周前失踪的一名青少年的安全。根据空前冠词a可知，此处使用单数名词teenager，作宾语。故填teenager。 2．______ (actual), it would be much more sensible to do it later. 【答案】Actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，以后再做会明智得多。此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词actually，作状语，空格位于句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。 3．Living in the new era (时代)，we should shoulder the __________ (responsible) to achieve the Chinese dream. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意：生活在新时代，我们应该肩负起实现中国梦的责任。句中shoulder是动词，意为“承担，肩负着”，后面用名词作宾语；responsible是形容词，其名词是responsibility。故答案为responsibility。 4．My sister is fond of___________(volunteer) in her spare time. 【答案】volunteering 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我妹妹喜欢在业余时间做志愿者。be fond of doing sth.喜欢做某事。根据句意，故填volunteering。 5．We shall maintain our focus ________ the needs of the customers. 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：我们将继续以客户的需求为中心。此处focus作名词，意为“中心”，常用于focus on sth.中。故填on。 6．They may hate what he does but their _______ (survive) depends on him. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们可能讨厌他的所作所为，但他们的生存取决于他。their后接名词survival，意为“生存”，为不可数名词，作主语。故填survival。 7．ane said that she ______ (prefer) staying at home to going around. 【答案】preferred 【详解】考查动词。句意：简说她宁愿呆在家里也不愿四处走动。空处作宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，故从句也用一般过去。故填preferred。 8．But ________ (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus ________ other things in life. 【答案】 spending on 【详解】考查动名词和介词。句意：但是花太多时间上网是不健康的，而且会让你很难把注意力集中在生活中的其他事情上。分析句子可知，该句第一空为动名词作主语；该句第二空为动词短语focus on“集中，专注于”，满足句意要求。故分别填spending；on。 9．The school adviser helped me choose the ________ (suit) ones. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校的指导老师帮我选择了合适的。句中 ones 是代词，前面用形容词修饰，作定语，故填 suitable。 Unit 2 Travelling around 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．________ n．建筑设计；建筑学→________ n．建筑设计师 2．________ vi.& vt.申请；请求 vt.应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）→________ n．应用；用途；申请→________n．申请人；求职人 3．________adj.令人惊奇的→________ adj.惊奇的；惊喜的→________vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶→________ n.惊奇；惊诧 4．________ n．安排；筹备→________ vt.安排 5．________ adv.极其；非常→________ adj.极度的；严重的 6．________adj.强有力的；有影响力的→________v.给……提供动力 n.能力；力量；权力→________adj.无力的；没有能力的 7．________ adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n.官员；要员→________ n. 办公室；官职 8．________ vt.辨别出；承认；认可→________ n．认出；认识 9．________ n．交通运输系统 vt.运输；运送→________ n．运输 10．________ n．经济；节约→________ adj.经济（上）的；经济学的 11．________ 西班牙（国家名）→________ n．西班牙语；西班牙人 adj.西班牙的 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The _______________(平均的) salary for young people at present is not high. 2．The song_______________(使想起) us of our childhood. 3．It is not easy to handle so much_______________(压力) for a young woman. 4．The old man has _______________(恢复) from his heart disease. 5．It is beyond my________(能力) to finish the task in two hours． 6．In our life we are supposed to ______ (应用) theory to practice. 7．The library is a useful ___________(来源)of information. 8．They had no time to ___________(安排)their own wedding. 9．Mankind has to _______________(适应) to their living environment by and by. 二、根据中英文及首字母提示填写单词 1．He bought a beautiful_______________(公寓)in the downtown. 2．We should consider the students’ r___________ that the school library provide more books on popular science. 3．T________ to and from the airport is included in the price. 4．The film follows a family’s amazing a____________ on a strange flying machine. 5．“You will see how the glory of humanity （人性的光辉）comes from ordinary people in e____________ situations." says Guan. 6．Later on, Li created a u____________ kind of bird-and-flower painting using the free and spontaneous（自发的） "xieyi" style. 7．They either r____________ a studio space or organize the learning pod in their household. 8．He studied classical a____________ and design in Rome. 9．She offered to arrange his a____________ and even planned his sightseeing. 10．The town is fast becoming a popular weekend d_________ for people in Asia. 11．Often，the only way people keep relationships going with friends is by posting a c__________ to each other online. 12．If China's e___________ policy ensures that social benefits cover the whole population（人口）, even people in faraway areas, why should anyone complain about the correctness of the country's development model? 13．Foreigners, however, usually have a very narrow v___________ of what interesting sightseeing this vast country has to offer. 14．This issue will be discussed in more d________ in the next chapter. 15．Since Britain banned smoking in public，groups of people smoking outside office buildings has become a common s__________ in London. 16．The new app can give you t__________ information，including timetables and maps. 【答案】 1． architecture architect 2． apply application applicant 3． amazing amazed amaze amazement 4． arrangement arrange 5． extremely extreme 6． powerful power powerless 7． official office 8． recognise recognition 9． transport transportation 10． economy economic 11． Spain Spanish 【解析】1．名词“建筑设计；建筑学”是architecture，“建筑设计师”是architect。故答案为architecture，architect。 2．动词“申请；请求，应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）”是apply，名词“应用；用途；申请”是application，名词“申请人；求职人”是applicant。故答案为apply，application，applicant。 3．形容词“令人惊奇的”是amazing，形容词“惊奇的；惊喜的”是amazed，动词“使吃惊；使惊讶”是amaze，名词“惊奇；惊诧”是amazement。故答案为amazing，amazed，amaze，amazement。 4．名词“安排；筹备”是arrangement，动词“安排”是arrange。故答案为arrangement，arrange。 5．副词“极其；非常”是extremely，形容词“极度的；严重的”是extreme。故答案为extremely，extreme。 6．形容词“强有力的；有影响力的”是powerful，动词“给……提供动力”，名词“能力；力量；权力”是power，形容词“无力的；没有能力的”是powerless。故答案为powerful，power，powerless。 7．形容词“官方的；正式的；公务的”，名词“官员；要员”是official，名词“办公室；官职”是office。故答案为official，office。 8．动词“辨别出；承认；认可”是recognise，名词“认出；认识”是recognition。故答案为recognise，recognition。 9．名词“交通运输系统”，动词“运输；运送”是transport，名词“运输”是transportation。故答案为transport，transportation。 10．名词“经济；节约”是economy，形容词“经济（上）的；经济学的”是economic。故答案为economy，economic。 11．“西班牙（国家名）”是Spain，名词“西班牙语；西班牙人”，形容词“西班牙的”是Spanish。故答案为Spain，Spanish。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The _______________(平均的) salary for young people at present is not high. 【答案】average 【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前年轻人的平均工资不高。根据汉语提示，填形容词average，作定语。故填average。 2．The song_______________(使想起) us of our childhood. 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查动词。句意：这首歌使我们想起了我们的童年。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，根据汉语提示并结合句意可知，应用动词remind的过去式。remind sb. of…意为“使某人想起……”故填reminded。 3．It is not easy to handle so much_______________(压力) for a young woman. 【答案】pressure/stress 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个年轻女人要承受这么大的压力是不容易的。根据汉语提示可知，pressure/stress压力，不可数名词作宾语，符合题意。故填pressure/stress。 4．The old man has _______________(恢复) from his heart disease. 【答案】recovered 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位老人的心脏病已痊愈。根据句意和汉语提示应填recover“恢复”作谓语，与主语The  old man是主动关系，空前有has，故用现在完成时的主动形式，故填recovered。 5．It is beyond my________(能力) to finish the task in two hours． 【答案】power 【详解】考查名词。句意：在两小时内完成这项任务超出了我的能力。根据所给句子和汉语提示，可推出是名词power“能力”，该词作为介词beyond的宾语，不可数，故填power。 6．In our life we are supposed to ______ (应用) theory to practice. 【答案】apply 【详解】考查动词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们应该把理论应用到实践中。根据汉语提示“应用”，以及上文不定式符号to(be supposed to do )，可知应填动词原形apply。故填apply。 7．The library is a useful ___________(来源)of information. 【答案】source 【详解】考查名词。句意：图书馆是有用的信息来源。分析句子可知，useful意为“有用的”，形容词词性，后接名词，source意为“来源”，名词词性，在句中指代信息的来源，符合句意。故填source。 8．They had no time to ___________(安排)their own wedding. 【答案】arrange 【分析】本题考查单词拼写能力。 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们没有时间安排自己的婚礼。根据所给出的句子，结合汉语提示可推知，应是arrange。arrange，动词，意为“安排”，空前to为动词不定式符号，应填动词原形。故填arrange。 9．Mankind has to _______________(适应) to their living environment by and by. 【答案】adapt 【详解】考查动词。句意：人类必须逐渐适应自己的生活环境。设空处接在has to后应用动词原形，根据汉语提示，故填adapt。 二、根据中英文及首字母提示填写单词 1．He bought a beautiful_______________(公寓)in the downtown. 【答案】flat 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在市中心买了一套漂亮的公寓。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是名词flat“公寓”，该词作为buy的宾语，由a判断用单数，故填flat。 2．We should consider the students’ r___________ that the school library provide more books on popular science. 【答案】request 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该考虑学生要求学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。在名词所有格后面应该是名词；根据句意和所给首字母， 此处是名词request， 意思为“要求”。故填request。 3．T________ to and from the airport is included in the price. 【答案】Transport 【详解】考查名词。句意：往返机场的交通包括在价格中。分析句子可知设空处缺少一个名词作主语，再结合句意和首字母，transport符合题意，表示“交通”，又因在句首首字母大写，故填Transport。 4．The film follows a family’s amazing a____________ on a strange flying machine. 【答案】adventure 【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电影讲述了一个家庭乘坐一个奇怪的飞行器进行的一场刺激的冒险。作动词follows的宾语用名词，根据“on a strange flying machine”可知此处表示“冒险、历险”，故填adventure。 5．“You will see how the glory of humanity （人性的光辉）comes from ordinary people in e____________ situations." says Guan. 【答案】extreme 【详解】考查形容词。句意：管说：“你会看到人性的光辉是如何来自极端情况下的普通人的。” 修饰名词用形容词，结合句意和首字母提示可知，extreme“极端的”符合题意，故填extreme。 6．Later on, Li created a u____________ kind of bird-and-flower painting using the free and spontaneous（自发的） "xieyi" style. 【答案】unique 【详解】考查形容词。句意：后来，李以自由自在的写意风格创作了一种独特的花鸟画。修饰名词kind用形容词，根据“using the free and spontaneous（自发的） "xieyi" style”可知此处表示“独特的”，故填unique。 7．They either r____________ a studio space or organize the learning pod in their household. 【答案】rent 【详解】考查动词。句意：他们要么租一个工作室，要么在家庭中组织学习舱。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语动词，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，根据首字母和句意，故填rent。 8．He studied classical a____________ and design in Rome. 【答案】architecture 【详解】考查名词。句意：他在罗马学习古典建筑和设计。根据句意和首字母提示可知，architecture“建筑”不可数名词，符合题意，形容词修饰名词，此处作宾语，故填architecture。 【点睛】 9．She offered to arrange his a____________ and even planned his sightseeing. 【答案】accommodation 【详解】考查名词。句意：她主动提出安排他的住宿，甚至计划他的观光。根据句意和首字母可知，accommodation：住处、提供住宿。符合句意，作arrange的宾语，故答案为accommodation。 10．The town is fast becoming a popular weekend d_________ for people in Asia. 【答案】destination 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个城镇很快成为亚洲人的受欢迎的周末目的地。根据句意和首字母提示，destination“目的地”符合题意，由不定冠词修饰用单数，故填destination。 【点睛】 11．Often，the only way people keep relationships going with friends is by posting a c__________ to each other online. 【答案】comment 【详解】考查名词。句意：通常,人们与朋友保持关系的唯一方法就是通过彼此在线发布评论。根据句意可知此处应该填评论。post a comment on ...就……发表评论。故填comment。 12．If China's e___________ policy ensures that social benefits cover the whole population（人口）, even people in faraway areas, why should anyone complain about the correctness of the country's development model? 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果中国的经济政策确保社会效益覆盖全国，甚至偏远地区的人，为什么有人会抱怨中国发展模式的正确性呢？分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰名词，应用形容词，根据首字母和句意，故填economic。 13．Foreigners, however, usually have a very narrow v___________ of what interesting sightseeing this vast country has to offer. （根据首字母填空） 【答案】view 【详解】考查名词。句意：然而，外国人对于这个幅员辽阔的国家所能提供的有趣的观光，通常只有非常狭隘的看法。分析句子可知，空中的词作have的宾语，应用名词，根据句意和首字母，故填view。 14．This issue will be discussed in more d________ in the next chapter. 【答案】detail 【详解】考查名词。句意：下一章将更详细地讨论这个问题。分析句子可知，设空处的词作介词in的宾语，应用名词，根据句意和首字母，故填detail。 15．Since Britain banned smoking in public，groups of people smoking outside office buildings has become a common s__________ in London. 【答案】sight 【详解】考查名词。句意：自从英国禁止在公共场所吸烟以来，成群结队的人在办公楼外吸烟已成为伦敦的常见景象。分析句子成分可知，a common s __________  作宾语，故应用名词，根据其前的不定冠词a可知，应用单数形式，sight（景象）符合语境，根据句意，故填sight。 16．The new app can give you t__________ information，including timetables and maps. 【答案】transport 【详解】考查名词。句意：新的应用程序可以给你运输信息，包括时间表和地图。transport information表示交通信息。故填transport。 Unit 3 Sports and fitness 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．aware adj.意识到的；明白的→ adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的 2．woolen(＝woollen) adj.羊毛的→ n．羊毛，毛织物 3．bleed v．流血→ n．流血，失血 4．alcoholic adj. 酒精的，含酒精的→ n.酒精 5．rubbery adj.橡胶似的→ n.橡胶 6．cottony adj.棉的；像棉样的→ n.棉花 7．stretcher n.担架；延伸器→ vt.伸展，张开 8．injure vt.伤害，损害→ n.伤害，损害 9． adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ n.智慧；智力 10． n.宇宙；天地万物→ adj.普遍的；全世界的 11． vt.查明；确定；决定→ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ n.决心;坚定 12． n.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→ n.代理人；代理商；中介；经纪人 13． adj.失望的；沮丧的→ v.使(希望、期望)破灭→ n.失望 14． adj.独立的；自立的→ adv.独立地；自立地 15．对……负责 16．……以及…… 17．总而言之，总的来说 18．此刻，目前，眼下 19．适应某事 20．参加……选拔 21．聚集 22．不再…… 23．而不是 24．换句话说 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Though he had a hard time, he chose to (假装) to his family that everything was fine. 2．Which country is (主办) the Games this year? 3．There’s still a (微小的) chance that he may become president. 4．You’ve got to have a (积极的) attitude to do well in life. 5．We all respected her great (决心) to succeed. 6．Remember that (失败) in one attempt should not stop you trying again. 7．He Jie, a boy from Pingluo, won the (冠军) of the Shenzhen Marathon in 2022. 8．Everybody here always (强调) the importance of good education to the youth. 9．They were well trained by their (主人) who had great experience in caring for these animals. 10．It’s a great (荣耀) to receive that prize in such a big competition. 11．I’ve put on so much weight since I gave up (慢跑). 12．As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to (奖章)at world championship and the Olympics. 13．Scientists are sure of the (正面的) effects of laughter on physical and mental health. 14．The (队长) led our team to victory. 15．The young tennis player has often (竞争) with famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. 16．Few things can be with (与……比较) walking on a bright, sunny spring morning. 17．After being on a diet, she looked (苗条) then before. 18．Though there was only a (小的) chance of winning the game, all of the team members chose to stick it out. 19．Luckily, the driver were only slightly (受伤的) in the car accident. 20．I wanted an opportunity to talk some sense into him and try to make him see the (错误)of his ways. 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．He got an (injure) to his back when he fell off his horse. 2．The athlete was ashamed that he didn’t get the (champion). 3．Not once (do) he give up for lack of experience and confidence. 4．His (determine) to do well made him keep on studying. 5．I feel greatly (honour) to be chosen as a volunteer. 6．Have a little more coffee, you? 7．As we all know, we can work regularly to build up our body. 8．Even we all tried our best, we lost the game and our emotion was down. 9．If you take exercise regularly, you will become (slim) than before. 10．They will leave for Beijing tomorrow night, they? 11．When I invited her to a movie, she said she might not be able to make to the cinema. 12．He was affected by the (fail) in the exam and lost heart. 13．Her husband became much (positive) than before and was soon back in full-time employment. 14．Standards in health care have improved enormously compared 40 years ago. 15．After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk, he gave . 三、汉译英（整句） 1．这部电影获得了巨大成功，吸引了大量观众。（-ing 形式作状语） ______________________________________________________________________________ 2．作为市区的居民，我们应该增强环保意识，而不是对此熟视无睹。(rather than) ______________________________________________________________________________ 3．更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(likely) ______________________________________________________________________________ 4．成人礼后，汤姆宁愿自己打工赚钱，也不要依靠父母经济援助。(prefer) ______________________________________________________________________________ 5．参与志愿者活动对学生的心理和生理发展有积极的作用。(effect) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．unaware 2．wool 3．bleeding 4．alcohol 5．rubber 6．cotton 7．stretch 8．injury 【解析】1．“未觉察到的，未意识到的”英文表达为unaware，形容词词性，故填unaware。 2．“羊毛，毛织物”英文表达为wool，名词词性，故填wool。 3．“流血，失血”英文表达为bleeding，名词词性，故填bleeding。 4．“酒精”英文表达为alcohol，名词词性，故填alcohol。 5．“橡胶”英文表达为rubber，名词词性，故填rubber。 6．“棉花”英文表达为cotton，名词词性，故填cotton。 7．“伸展，张开”英文表达为stretch，动词词性，故填stretch。 8．“伤害，损害”英文表达为injury，名词词性，故填injury。 【答案】9． intelligent intelligence 10． universe universal 11． determine determined determination 12． agency agent 13． disappointed disappoint disappointment 14． independent independently 【解析】9．形容词“有智慧的，聪明的，有智力”的英文表达是intelligent，它的名词“智慧，智力”是intelligence，故第一空填intelligent，第二空填intelligence。 10．名词“宇宙，天地，万物”的英文表达是形容词universe，它的形容词“普遍的，全世界的”是universal，故第一空填universe，第二空填universal。 11．动词“查明，决定，确定”的英文表达是determine，它的形容词“有决心的，意志坚定的”是determined，它的名词“决定，决心”是determination，故第一空填determine，第二空填determined，第三空填determination。 12．名词“专门机构，服务机构，代理处”的英文表达是agent，它的另一个名词“代理人，代理商，中介，经纪人”是agent，故第一空填agency，第二空填agent。 13．形容词“失望的，沮丧的”的英文表达是disappointed，它的动词“使失望，使沮丧”是disappoint，它的名词“失望，沮丧”是disappointment，故第一空填disappointed，第二空填disappoint，第三空填disappointment。 14．形容词“独立的，自立的”的英文表达是independent，它的副词“独立地，自立地”是independently，故第一空填independent，第二空填independently。 15．be responsible for 16．as well as 17．all in all 18．at the moment 19．adapt to sth. 20．try out 21．get together 22．not...any more/longer;no longer/more 23．rather than 24．in other words 【解析】15．“对……负责”固定搭配，英文表达是be responsible for，故填be responsible for。 16．“……以及……”固定搭配，英文表达是as well as，故填as well as。 17．“总而言之，总的来说”固定搭配，英文表达是all in all，故填all in all。 18．“此刻，目前，眼下”固定搭配，英文表达是at the moment，故填at the moment。 19．“适应某事”固定搭配，英文表达是adapt to sth.，故填adapt to sth.。 20．“参加……选拔”固定搭配，英文表达是try out，故填try out。 21．“聚集”固定搭配，英文表达是get together，故填get together。 22．“不再……”固定搭配，英文表达是not...any more/longer或no longer/more，故填not...any more/longer或no longer/more。 23．“而不是”固定搭配，英文表达是rather than，故填rather than。 24．“换句话说”固定搭配，英文表达是in other words，故填in other words。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．Though he had a hard time, he chose to (假装) to his family that everything was fine. 【答案】pretend 【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然他过得很艰难，但他选择向家人假装一切都很好。结合“that everything was fine”可知，“假装”应用动词pretend，表示假装一切都很好，且此处用了固定短语choose to do sth.，意为“选择做某事”，pretend应用原形。故填pretend。 2．Which country is (主办) the Games this year? 【答案】hosting 【详解】考查动词。句意：今年哪个国家主办奥运会?根据汉语提示“主办”用动词host，与主语 country之间为主动关系，所以is后接动词的现在分词形式构成现在进行时。故填hosting。 3．There’s still a (微小的) chance that he may become president. 【答案】slim 【详解】考查形容词。句意： 他成为总统的可能性仍然很小。“微小的”为形容词slim作定语，修饰名词chance，故填slim。 4．You’ve got to have a (积极的) attitude to do well in life. 【答案】positive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你必须有一个积极的态度，才能把生活过好。根据汉语提示和空前的“a”可知，“积极的”应用positive表示，作定语修饰名词，表示积极的态度。故填positive。 5．We all respected her great (决心) to succeed. 【答案】determination/resolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们都尊重她取得成功的巨大决心。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词，应是determination或者resolution意为“决心”符合语境，表抽象意义，不可数，故填determination/resolution。 6．Remember that (失败) in one attempt should not stop you trying again. 【答案】failure 【详解】考查名词。句意：记住一次尝试的失败不应妨碍你再试一次。that引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用名词作主语，根据汉语提示可知，“失败”是failure。故填failure。 7．He Jie, a boy from Pingluo, won the (冠军) of the Shenzhen Marathon in 2022. 【答案】championship 【详解】考查名词。句意：何杰，一个来自平洛的男孩，赢得了2022年深圳马拉松赛的冠军。根据“won the”和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词championship，意为“冠军头衔，冠军地位”，作won的宾语，且此处特指2022年深圳马拉松赛的冠军头衔，championship应用单数形式。故填championship。 8．Everybody here always (强调) the importance of good education to the youth. 【答案】stresses/emphasize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这里的每个人总是强调良好教育对青少年的重要性。“强调”为动词stress/emphasize，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Everybody，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填stresses/emphasizes。 9．They were well trained by their (主人) who had great experience in caring for these animals. 【答案】masters 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：它们被主人训练得很好，主人有丰富的照顾这些动物的经验。设空处在their后用名词作宾语，应用master，可数名词，根据语境可知是复数形式，故填masters。 10．It’s a great (荣耀) to receive that prize in such a big competition. 【答案】honor/honour 【详解】考查名词。句意：能在这么大的比赛中获奖，我感到非常荣幸。根据汉语提示可知，hono(u)r荣耀，可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式，在句中作表语，故填hono(u)r。 11．I’ve put on so much weight since I gave up (慢跑). 【答案】jogging 【详解】考查动词。句意：自从我放弃慢跑后，我的体重增加了很多。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用动词jog，give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填jogging。 12．As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to (奖章)at world championship and the Olympics. 【答案】medals 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上获得奖牌。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。表示“奖章”用medal，此处表示复数意义。故填medals。 13．Scientists are sure of the (正面的) effects of laughter on physical and mental health. 【答案】positive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们确信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。根据句意可知，“正面的”作定语，修饰名词effects，用形容词positive。故填positive。 14．The (队长) led our team to victory. 【答案】captain 【详解】考查名词。句意：队长带领我们队取得了胜利。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词captain，作主语，特指我们队的队长，应用名词单数形式。故填captain。 15．The young tennis player has often (竞争) with famous players, but so far he has always been beaten. 【答案】competed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位年轻的网球运动员经常与著名运动员比赛，但到目前为止他总是被击败。根据汉语提示“竞争”可知，此处为动词compete，结合“has”可知，使用现在完成时，空处需填过去分词competed。故填competed。 16．Few things can be with (与……比较) walking on a bright, sunny spring morning. 【答案】compared 【详解】考查动词。句意：很少有什么能与在阳光明媚的春天早晨散步相提并论。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，动词compare符合句意，compare...with...“把……和……进行比较”，和主语things是被动关系，故空处填compare的过去分词和can be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填compared。 17．After being on a diet, she looked (苗条) then before. 【答案】slim 【详解】考查形容词。句意：节食之后，她看起来比以前苗条了。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词slim，作表语。故填slim。 18．Though there was only a (小的) chance of winning the game, all of the team members chose to stick it out. 【答案】slim 【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然赢得比赛的机会很小，但所有队员都选择坚持到底。根据“chance of winning the game”和汉语提示可知，空处应用形容词slim，作修饰chance的定语，a slim chance意为“很小的可能性，渺茫的机会”。故填slim。 19．Luckily, the driver were only slightly (受伤的) in the car accident. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，司机在车祸中只受了轻伤。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词injured，作表语。故填injured。 20．I wanted an opportunity to talk some sense into him and try to make him see the (错误)of his ways. 【答案】error 【详解】考查名词。句意：我希望有机会跟他讲讲道理，让他认识到他所犯的错误。“错误”用名词error作宾语，此处特指他所犯的错误，为单数意义，应用单数，故填error。 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．He got an (injure) to his back when he fell off his horse. 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：他从马上摔下来，背部受伤。分析句子结构可知，冠词an后缺少可数名词单数作宾语，故填injury。 2．The athlete was ashamed that he didn’t get the (champion). 【答案】championship 【详解】考查名词。句意：运动员为没有获得冠军头衔感到羞愧。分析可知，设空处为名词作宾语，根据提示词，此处champion表冠军头衔，故填championship。 3．Not once (do) he give up for lack of experience and confidence. 【答案】did 【详解】考查时态。句意：他一次也没有因为缺乏经验和信心而放弃。当否定词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。即“否定词+ 助动词+ 主语+ 谓语”，根据句首“Not once”可知，本句要用部分倒装，同时因为动作发生在过去，所以时态用一般过去时。因此空处用助动词did，故填did。 4．His (determine) to do well made him keep on studying. 【答案】determination 【详解】考查名词。句意：他要做好的决心使他继续学习。分析句子结构和意思可知，在形容词性物主代词His后需要名词determination，作主语，意为“决心”。故填determination。 5．I feel greatly (honour) to be chosen as a volunteer. 【答案】honoured/honored 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我很荣幸被选为志愿者。动词feel后用形容词作表语，形容词“荣幸的”是honoured或honored。故填honoured或honored。 6．Have a little more coffee, you? 【答案】will/won’t 【详解】考查祈使句的反义疑问句。句意：请再喝点咖啡，好吗？祈使句表示邀请时，反意疑问句可以用won’t you，也可以用will you。故填will/won’t。 7．As we all know, we can work regularly to build up our body. 【答案】out 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们都知道，我们可以定期锻炼来增强我们的身体。由“to build up our body”可知，增强体质是需要定期锻炼的，空格处所在短语意为“锻炼”，是work out，因此空格处是out，故填out。 8．Even we all tried our best, we lost the game and our emotion was down. 【答案】if/though 【详解】考查短语。句意：即使我们尽了最大的努力，我们还是输掉了比赛，情绪低落。even if/though尽管；即使，引导让步状语从句。根据句意，故填if/though。 9．If you take exercise regularly, you will become (slim) than before. 【答案】slimmer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你经常锻炼，你会变得比以前更苗条。根据“take exercise regularly”和“than before”可推知，此处表示“变得比以前更苗条”，空处应用形容词slim的比较级slimmer，意为“更苗条的”。故填slimmer。 10．They will leave for Beijing tomorrow night, they? 【答案】won’t 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：他们明天晚上去北京，是吗?分析句子结构可知，本句是反意疑问句句型，陈述句部分是肯定句，所以疑问句部分应用否定句。故填won’t。 11．When I invited her to a movie, she said she might not be able to make to the cinema. 【答案】it 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：当我邀请她去看电影时，她说她可能不能准时到达电影院。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“make it”，意为“准时到达”，故空格处应用“it”。故填it。 12．He was affected by the (fail) in the exam and lost heart. 【答案】failure 【详解】考查名词。句意：他因考试失败而受到影响，失去了信心。用不可数名词failure作宾语。故填failure。 13．Her husband became much (positive) than before and was soon back in full-time employment. 【答案】more positive 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：她的丈夫变得比以前积极得多，很快又回到了全职工作岗位。much修饰比较级和比较级的标志than，该空用形容词positive的比较级作表语。故填more positive。 14．Standards in health care have improved enormously compared 40 years ago. 【答案】to/with 【详解】考查介词。句意：与40年前相比，卫生保健的标准有了极大的提高。此处为短语compare to/with，表示“与……相比”。故填to/with。 15．After a fruitless morning sitting at his desk, he gave . 【答案】up　 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他在书桌前徒劳地坐了一个上午后便放弃了。根据句意“放弃”可知此处为短语give up。故填up。 三、汉译英（整句） 1．这部电影获得了巨大成功，吸引了大量观众。（-ing 形式作状语） 【答案】The film was a great success, attracting huge audiences. 【详解】考查时态和现在分词。“这部电影”翻译为the film，在句中作主语；表示成功的事情，success为可数名词，在句中作表语。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。“吸引了大量观众”翻译为attract huge audiences，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。根据句意，故翻译为The film was a great success, attracting huge audiences. 2．作为市区的居民，我们应该增强环保意识，而不是对此熟视无睹。(rather than) 【答案】We urban residents/inhabitants should strengthen our sense of environmental protection rather than turn a blind eye to it. 【详解】考查固定搭配。“我们市区的居民”译为we urban residents或者we urban inhabitants，作主语，其中urban residents/inhabitants是we的同位语。“增强”译为strengthen，根据句意，应为should加动词原形作谓语；“环保意识”译为our sense of environmental protection，作宾语；“而不是”译为固定搭配rather than，连接并列成分；“对此熟视无睹”译为固定搭配turn a blind eye to it，与谓语动词并列，故用动词原形。故翻译为We urban residents/inhabitants should strengthen our sense of environmental protection rather than turn a blind eye to it. 3．更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(likely) 【答案】It is young people rather than old people who are more likely to prefer pop songs. 【详解】考查强调句型、动词短语、固定短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为It is…who/that.…的强调句式，强调内容为人，用who/that，强调内容为物，用that，被强调部分为表示“是年轻人而不是老年人”可译为young people rather than old people，其中rather than为固定短语表示“而不是”；在从句中，表示“可能做某事”为动词短语be likely to do；表示“更喜欢流行歌曲”为动词短语prefer pop songs。故翻译为：It is young people rather than old people who are more likely to prefer pop songs. 4．成人礼后，汤姆宁愿自己打工赚钱，也不要依靠父母经济援助。(prefer) 【答案】After the coming-of-age ceremony, Tom preferred to make money by doing part-time jobs rather than depend on his parents for financial support. 【详解】考查介词、名词、动词短语和时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。“成人礼”译为the coming-of-age ceremony，“……之后”使用介词after，“宁愿……也不要……”使用动词短语prefer to do...rather than do，“赚钱”译为make money，“打工”译为by doing part-time jobs，“依靠”译为depend on，“父母”译为his parents，“经济援助”译为for financial support。故翻译为After the coming-of-age ceremony, Tom preferred to make money by doing part-time jobs rather than depend on his parents for financial support. 5．参与志愿者活动对学生的心理和生理发展有积极的作用。(effect) 【答案】Taking part in volunteer work has a positive effect on students’ mental and physical development. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“参与志愿者活动”应用动名词短语Taking part in volunteer work，作主语；表示“对……有积极的作用”短语为have a positive effect on，动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数；表示“学生的心理和生理发展”应用students’ mental and physical development。为一般现在时。故翻译为Taking part in volunteer work has a positive effect on students’ mental and physical development. Unit 4 Natural disasters 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．devote (v.) 奉献;贡献；致力→ (n.) 奉献;贡献；忠诚 2．reject (v.) 拒绝→ (n.) 拒绝 3．motivate (v.)激发;鼓励→ (adj.) 有动力的；积极的 4．defense (v.) 防卫;防护→ (v.) 防卫 5．long (adj.) 长的→ (n.) 长度 6．apply (v.) 申请→ (n.) 申请；应用 7．contribute (v.) 做贡献→ (n.) 奉献;贡献 8．advance(v.)发展；前进；促进；推动；改良;提拔→ (adj.) 先进的 ;9．faith (n.)信念→ (adj.) 有信念的；忠诚的 10． promote (v.) 促进，提高→ (n.) 提高 11．economy (n.) 经济；节约→ (adj.) 经济的；经济学的→ (adj.) 经济的；节约的→economist (n.) 经济学家，经济专家 12．apply vi．& vt．申请；请求 vt．应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)→ n．应用；用途；申请→ n．申请人；求职人 13．arrangement n．安排；筹备→ vt．安排 14．powerful adj．强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→ v．给……提供动力 15．official adj．官方的；正式的；公务的n．官员；要员→ n．办公室；政府机关；官职 16．recognise vt．辨别出；承认；认可→ n．认出；认识 17．transport n．交通运输系统 vt．运输；运送→ n．运输 18．amaze vt. 使吃惊→ adj.令人惊奇的→ adj. 惊奇的； 惊喜的→ n. 惊奇 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The volunteers are planning to (派送) more food to the earthquake-­stricken area. 2．As the (谚语) goes, “ (击打) while the iron is hot.” 3．The (供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country. 4．The frequent natural (灾难) have brought people in the area more than $4 million worth of damage. 5．We should recognize our children’s (努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal. 6．His skill in dealing with (突发事件) has earned him a reputation. 7．Many houses were (毁坏) by the earthquake last year. 8．You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the (上下文). 9．The flowers soon (复活) after I watered them in the morning. 10．When you face challenges, you will feel pressure, but keep (冷静)． 11．He (挥手) at the waiter, who rushed to the table. 12．Of all the museum’s paintings, only one (幸存) the fire. 13．The collapse was disastrous, requiring the (紧急情况) medical team and good teamwork. 14．The old tree was once (击中) by lightning. 15．They had accidentally damaged a gas (管子) while drilling. 16．He says it’s like a volcano ready to (喷发). 17．Could you help me write a (概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday? 18．It was the second air (灾难) in the place in less than two months. 19．After the earthquake, helicopters and a navy ship were sent to rescue those who were (受困于) in the ruins. 20．The plane (坠毁), exploding as it hit the ground. 二、汉译英（整句） 1．他们似乎不在乎亨利的感受。(seem; as if) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. 那些父母在地震中遇难的孩子得到了政府的帮助。(whose) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. 众所周知，书是知识的源泉。(as) ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. 当罗丝意识到礼物是什么时，她完全震惊了。(shock) ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. 无论如何，我们应该努力达成我们的目标。(effort) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．devotion 2．rejection 3．motivated 4．defend 5．length 6．application 7．contribution 8．advanced 9．faithful 10．promotion 【解析】1．devote“致力”，动词，其名词为devotion，“忠诚”，故填devotion。 2．reject“拒绝”，动词，其名词为rejection“拒绝”，故填rejection。 3．motivate“激励”，动词，其形容词为motivated，“积极的”，故填motivated。 4．defense“防御”，名词，其动词为defend“防御”，故填defend。 5．long“长的”，形容词，其名词为length“长度”，故填length。 6．apply“申请”，动词，其名词为application，“应用”，故填application。 7．contribute“做贡献”，动词，其名词为contribution“贡献”，故填contribution。 8．advance“发展；前进”，动词，其形容词为advanced，“先进的”，故填advanced。 9．faith“信心”，名词，其形容词为faithful，“忠诚的”，故填faithful。 10．promote“促进”，动词，其名词为promotion，“促进”，故填promotion。 【答案】11． economic economical 12． application applicant 13．arrange 14．power 15．office 16．recognition 17．transportation 18． amazing amazed amazement 【分析】词性转换 11．economy“ 经济；节约”，名词，其形容词为economic“经济的；经济学的”和economical“经济的；节约的”。故填①economic；②economical。 12．apply“vt．申请；请求 vt．应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)”，动词，其名词为application“应用；用途；申请”和applicant“申请人；求职人”。故填①application；②applicant。 13．arrangement“安排；筹备”，名词，其动词为arrange“安排”。故填arrange。 14．powerful“强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的”，形容词，其动词为power“给……提供动力”。故填power。 15．official“adj．官方的；正式的；公务的 n．官员；要员”，作形容词和名词，其同根名词为office“办公室；政府机关；官职”。故填office。 16．recognise“辨别出；承认；认可”，动词，其名词为recognition“认出；认识”。故填recognition。 17．transport“n．交通运输系统 vt．运输；运送”，作动词和名词，其同根名词为transportation“运输”。故填transportation。 18．amaze“使吃惊”，动词，其形容词为amazing“令人惊奇的”和amazed“惊奇的； 惊喜的”；其名词为amazement“惊奇”。故填①amazing；②amazed；③amazement。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．The volunteers are planning to (派送) more food to the earthquake-­stricken area. 【答案】deliver 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：志愿者们正计划向地震灾区运送更多的食物。plan to do sth. (计划做某事)，结合汉语提示，用动词deliver的动词原形形式。故填deliver。 2．As the (谚语) goes, “ (击打) while the iron is hot.” 【答案】 saying Strike 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：俗话说：“趁热打铁。”第一空根据汉语提示可知应用名词saying“谚语”，此处为特指应用单数；第二空根据汉语提示可知应用动词strike，为肯定祈使句，首字母大写。故填①saying；②Strike。 3．The (供应品) which are provided to the disaster area will be collected from around the country. 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词。句意：提供给灾区的物资将从全国各地收集。根据汉意提示，应为名词supply作主语，且词义为“供应品”时，常用复数。故填supplies。 4．The frequent natural (灾难) have brought people in the area more than $4 million worth of damage. 【答案】disasters 【详解】考查名词。句意：频繁的自然灾害给该地区的人们带来了价值超过400万美元的损失。根据所给出的汉语提示可知，应是名词“disaster”，可数名词，在句中作主语，结合谓语“have brought”可知，此处用复数形式。故填disasters。 5．We should recognize our children’s (努力) to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal. 【答案】efforts 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该认识到我们孩子推动自己，并努力实现目标的努力。effort在表示“努力的事例；努力的成果”，为可数名词，不止一个孩子的努力的成果，用复数形式efforts。故填efforts。 6．His skill in dealing with (突发事件) has earned him a reputation. 【答案】emergency 【详解】考查名词。句意：他处理紧急情况的技巧为他赢得了声誉。“突发事件”是emergency，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填emergency。 7．Many houses were (毁坏) by the earthquake last year. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查动词。句意：去年的地震摧毁了许多房屋。根据汉语提示可知应用动词destroy，作谓语，与主语构成被动关系，结合last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填destroyed。 8．You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the (上下文). 【答案】context 【详解】考查名词。句意：你应该能够从上下文中猜出这个词的意思。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词context，表示“上下文”，此处表示无对比的情况，为不可数名词，作介词from的宾语，符合题意。故填context。 9．The flowers soon (复活) after I watered them in the morning. 【答案】revived 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：我早上浇花后，这些花很快就复活了。根据汉语提示“复活”，空处填谓语动词revive；由提示动词watered可知时态为一般过去时，所以填revived。故填revived。 10．When you face challenges, you will feel pressure, but keep (冷静)． 【答案】calm 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你面对挑战时，你会感到压力，但要保持冷静。keep后用形容词作表语，“冷静”的形容词是calm，故填calm。 11．He (挥手) at the waiter, who rushed to the table. 【答案】waved 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他冲服务员招了招手，服务员就急忙跑到桌边。此句为主从复合句，设空处在主句中作谓语动词，由非限制性定语从句“who rushed to the table”可知此句陈述过去的事情，主句用一般过去时态；wave“挥手；招手”为动词，符合句意，设空处填动词wave的过去式waved。故填waved。 12．Of all the museum’s paintings, only one (幸存) the fire. 【答案】survived 【详解】考查动词。句意：在博物馆所有的画中，只有一幅在大火中幸存下来。此处在句中作谓语，“幸存”为动词survive，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填survived。 13．The collapse was disastrous, requiring the (紧急情况) medical team and good teamwork. 【答案】emergency 【详解】考查名词。句意：坍塌是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗小组和良好的团队合作。“紧急情况”为名词emergency作定语，修饰名词短语medical team，名词作定语，往往是说明材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。故填emergency。 14．The old tree was once (击中) by lightning. 【答案】struck/striken 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：这棵老树曾经被闪电击中过。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，动词strike符合题意，主语和动词之间是被动关系，故空处填动词的过去分词形式和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填struck/striken。 15．They had accidentally damaged a gas (管子) while drilling. 【答案】pipe 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们在钻探时意外损坏了一根煤气管道。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用名词pipe，可数名词，作宾语，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填pipe。 16．He says it’s like a volcano ready to (喷发). 【答案】erupt 【详解】考查动词。句意：他说它就像一座即将喷发的火山。根据词义“喷发”可知，应填动词erupt，be ready to do：准备做某事，故填erupt。 17．Could you help me write a (概要) of this passage and send it to me on Monday? 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：你能帮我写一篇这篇文章的摘要并在星期一寄给我吗？根据空格前的冠词 a可知，空格处应填名词单数形式，根据汉语提示“概要”是summary，为可数名词。故填summary。 18．It was the second air (灾难) in the place in less than two months. 【答案】disaster 【详解】考查名词。句意：这是该地区在不到两个月的时间里发生的第二起空难。根据汉语提示可知应填名词disaster，作表语，此处特指第二次应用单数。故填disaster。 19．After the earthquake, helicopters and a navy ship were sent to rescue those who were (受困于) in the ruins. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查动词。句意：地震发生后，直升飞机和一艘海军舰艇被派去营救被困在废墟中的人。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词trap，应用过去分词，与were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填trapped。 20．The plane (坠毁), exploding as it hit the ground. 【答案】crashed 【详解】考查动词。句意：飞机坠毁了，撞到地面时爆炸了。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据所给中文提示词，应是crash意为“坠毁”，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填crashed。 二、汉译英（整句） 1．他们似乎不在乎亨利的感受。(seem; as if) 【答案】It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings. 【详解】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，表示“似乎……”应为it seems as if，位于句首时，it的首字母需大写；表示“在乎”应为care about，表示“亨利的感受”应为Henry’s feelings，as if引导的表语从句可以为虚拟语气，主句为一般现在时，所以从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应使用一般过去时，所以表示“他们不在乎享受亨利的感受”应为they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings。故翻译为It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings. 2．那些父母在地震中遇难的孩子得到了政府的帮助。(whose) 【答案】The children whose parents were killed in the earthquake received help from the government. 【详解】考查定语从句，时态和主谓一致。“孩子”是child，不止一个，因此用复数children，“那些父母在地震中遇难的”用定语从句，先行词是children，“父母”是parents，和children之间是所属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句，“遇难”是be killed，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，parents是复数，因此be动词用were，“在地震中”是in the earthquake，“得到了政府的帮助”描述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为received help from the government，因此整句话翻译为“The children whose parents were killed in the earthquake received help from the government”。故答案为The children whose parents were killed in the earthquake received help from the government. 3．众所周知，书是知识的源泉。(as) 【答案】As is known to all, books are the source of knowledge. 【详解】考查定语从句。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“众所周知”用as is known to all，该结构中使用as引导定语从句，意为“正如”；表示“知识的源泉”用the source of knowledge。故翻译为As is known to all, books are the source of knowledge. 4．当罗丝意识到礼物是什么时，她完全震惊了。(shock) 【答案】When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock. 【详解】考查宾语从句、状语从句和固定搭配。分析句子结构，题干中逗号前的部分可翻译为when引导的时间状语从句，“礼物是什么”可翻译为what引导的宾语从句，作“意识到”（realize）的宾语。“礼物”可表示为gift；“完全”可表示为complete；“震惊”可表示为in shock。根据句意可知，本句为一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock. 5．无论如何，我们应该努力达成我们的目标。(effort) 【答案】By all means, we should make every effort to achieve our goal. 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“无论如何”短语为by all means；主语为we；表示“努力”短语为make every effort to，should后跟动词原形；表示“达成我们的目标”短语为achieve our goal。故翻译为By all means, we should make every effort to achieve our goal. Unit 5 Languages around the world 核心词汇回顾 重点单词变形 1．determine v. 测定；确定→ adj.坚决的；有决心的→ n. 决心，决定 2．eventual adj.最后的；最终的→ adv.终于；最终 3．solve vt.解决；解答→ n. 解决，解决方法 4．amaze vt.使吃惊，使惊讶→ adj.惊人的；了不起的→ adj.感到惊奇的，吃惊的，惊讶的→ n. 吃惊；惊讶 5．survive v. 活下来；幸存→ n. 幸存→ n. 幸存者 6．effect n. 影响；结果→ adj.有效的 7．accommodate vt.为……提供住宿/空间；适应（房间等）；容纳→ n. 住处；工作场所 8．recover v. （从糟糕经历中）恢复→ n. 恢复；痊愈 9．shock n. 吃惊；震惊→ adj.吃惊的；震惊的；震撼的→ adj.令人震惊的 10．vary v. 变化；不同→ n. 多样化；变化→ adj.各种各样的；多方面的 11．concentrate v. 专注，专心→ n. 集中；专心，专注；关注 12．freeze v. 突然停止，呆住→ adj.极冷的 13．react v. 反应→ n. （对某一情形或事件的）反应 分层练习 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．All men are born (平等) regardless of race or color. 2．A friend of mine noticed a guy wandering in the (地铁) station. 3．The manager (强烈要求) that the workers should finish the work ahead of time. 4．We are not going to (祈求) for help anymore. 5．Now, as a (象征) of China, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. 6．By the age of five，Li Ming had known more than 2,000 Chinese (文字)． 7．Some tourists like (雕刻) their names on the buildings in scenic spots, which is a bad behavior in my opinion. 8．There are many (因素) leading to happiness，such as receiving good education and getting along well with others. 9．She speaks not only her (本国的) language, Chinese, but also English. 10．The teenagers have (明确的) requirements of how to do that. 11．Reading (经典作品) books can boost your learning experience. 12．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up our strength, but also develop our (性格). 13．Angelink is a post graduate from a key university, (主修) in chemistry. 14．Do these (符号) have any particular significance? 15．He specially (提到) to our help to him in his talk. 16．The film which has just been put on is (基于) on a true story and well-worth watching. 17．His language is vivid and amusing, which gives the readers a detailed   (描述) of the country lifestyle in Britain. 18．The poor girl has been (斗争) against cancer for two years. 19．Computer hackers (黑客) have broken down security (系统), which causes anxiety about the safety of information. 20．Mary is   (将……认为) as the most careful girl in her class. 二、完成句子 1．Chinese kung fu，a traditional sport，has a long history and __________ our national treasure. 中国功夫，一种传统的运动，拥有悠久的历史，被认为是我们国家的瑰宝。 2．He has become more determined after going through so many . 经历了这么多浮沉之后，他变得更加坚定了。 3．I’d me back as soon as possible. 如果你尽早回信我将感激不尽。 4．It is known that fruits . 众所周知，水果对我们的健康非常有帮助。 5． , you should have a positive attitude towards/to your work. 无论你面临什么问题，都应该对工作持积极的态度。 6．由于种种原因，周日我不能和你一起去书店。 , I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you. 7．Secondly, one composition every three days. 其次，我要求你每三天写一篇作文。 8． English sentences you master, articles you will create. 你掌握的英语句子越多，你越能创作更好的文章。 9． , I am willing to give you some suggestions. 得知你在书面英语上有困难，我乐意给你一些建议。 10．It was a time . 那是一段我沉迷于电脑游戏的时期。 【答案】 1． determined determination 2．eventually 3．solution 4． amazing amazed amazement 5． survival survivor 6．effective 7．accommodation 8．recovery 9． shocked shocking 10． variety various 11．concentration 12．freezing 13．reaction 【解析】1．考查形容词和名词。determine“测定；确定”，动词。其形容词形式是determined“坚决的；有决心的”；其名词形式是determination“决心，决定”。故答案是determined；determination。 2．考查副词。eventual“最后的；最终的”，形容词。其副词形式是eventually“终于；最终”。故答案是eventually。 3．考查名词。solve“解决；解答”，动词。其名词形式是solution“解决，解决方法”。故答案是solution。 4．考查形容词和名词。amaze“使吃惊，使惊讶”，动词。其形容词形式是amazing“惊人的；了不起的”；其另一形容词形式是amazed“感到惊奇的，吃惊的，惊讶的”；其名词形式是amazement“吃惊；惊讶”。故答案是amazing；amazed；amazement。 5．考查名词。survive“活下来；幸存”，动词。其名词形式是survival“幸存”；其另一名词形式是survivor“幸存者”。故答案是survival；survivor。 6．考查形容词。effect“影响；结果”，名词。其形容词形式是effective“有效的”。故答案是effective。 7．考查名词。accommodate“为……提供住宿/空间；适应(房间等)；容纳”，动词。其名词形式是accommodation“住处；工作场所”。故答案是accommodation。 8．考查名词。recover“(从糟糕经历中)恢复”，动词。其名词形式是recovery“恢复；痊愈”。故答案是recovery。 9．考查形容词。shock“吃惊；震惊”，名词。其形容词形式是shocked“吃惊的；震惊的；震撼的”；其另一形容词形式是shocking “令人震惊的”。故答案是shocked；shocking。 10．考查名词和形容词。vary“变化；不同”，动词。其名词形式是variety“多样化；变化”；其形容词形式是various“各种各样的；多方面的”。故答案是variety；various。 11．考查名词。concentrate“专注，专心”，动词。其名词形式是concentration“集中；专心，专注；关注”。故答案是concentration。 12．考查形容词。freeze“然停止，呆住”，动词。其形容词形式是freezing“极冷的”。故答案是freezing。 13．考查名词。react“反应”，动词。其名词形式是reaction“(对某一情形或事件的)反应”。故答案是reaction。 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．All men are born (平等) regardless of race or color. 【答案】equal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：不论种族或肤色，人人生而平等。“平等”应用形容词equal，作主语补足语，故填equal。 2．A friend of mine noticed a guy wandering in the (地铁) station. 【答案】subway 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的一个朋友注意到一个小伙子在地铁站闲逛。根据汉语提示，“地铁”的英文为subway，修饰名词作定语，subway station固定搭配，意为“地铁站”，故填subway。 3．The manager (强烈要求) that the workers should finish the work ahead of time. 【答案】demanded 【详解】考查时态。句意：经理要求工人们提前完成工作。事情已发生，主句谓语动词demand (强烈要求)时态用一般过去时。故填demanded。 4．We are not going to (祈求) for help anymore. 【答案】beg 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不会再乞求帮助了。are going to后接动词原形构成一般将来时，结合汉语提示和句子结构可知，动词beg“祈求”符合题意，故填beg。 5．Now, as a (象征) of China, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. 【答案】symbol 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在，作为中国的象征，长城已经成为世界上最著名的旅游景点之一。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的不定冠词a可知空白处应填名词，根据汉语提示，表示“象征”含义的名词为symbol，符合句意，故填symbol。 6．By the age of five，Li Ming had known more than 2,000 Chinese (文字)． 【答案】characters 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：到五岁时，李明已经认识了2000多个汉字。2,000为基数词，故后面的名词用可数名词复数形式，“文字”应为character，复数为characters，Chinese characters表示“汉字”，故填characters。 7．Some tourists like (雕刻) their names on the buildings in scenic spots, which is a bad behavior in my opinion. 【答案】carving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：有些游客喜欢在景区的建筑物上刻上自己的名字，在我看来这是一种不良行为。分析句子可知此处表示习惯性行为，like doing sth表示“喜欢做某事”，“雕刻”为carve，空处应为其动名词，故填carving。 8．There are many (因素) leading to happiness，such as receiving good education and getting along well with others. 【答案】factors 【详解】考查名词。句意：有许多因素导致幸福，如接受良好的教育和与他人相处融洽。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，根据提示的汉语，表示“因素”应为factor，且空前有many修饰，所以此处应使用名词复数形式。故填factors。 9．She speaks not only her (本国的) language, Chinese, but also English. 【答案】native 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她不仅会说本国的语言——汉语，还会说英语。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词native“本国的”作定语修饰language，满足句意要求。故填native。 10．The teenagers have (明确的) requirements of how to do that. 【答案】specific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：青少年对如何做到这一点有具体的要求。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词specific“明确的”作定语修饰requirements，满足句意要求。故填specific。 11．Reading (经典作品) books can boost your learning experience. 【答案】classic 【详解】考查名词。句意：阅读经典作品书籍可以提升你的学习体验。名词classic作定语，说明修饰名词books的类别。故填classic。 12．Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up our strength, but also develop our (性格). 【答案】character 【详解】考查名词。句意：练习中国功夫不仅可以增强我们的力量，还可以培养我们的性格。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词character“性格”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填character。 13．Angelink is a post graduate from a key university, (主修) in chemistry. 【答案】majoring 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：Angelink是一所重点大学的研究生，主修化学。分析句子结构可知，空格处及后部分为非谓语作伴随状语，根据汉语提示，“主修”的英文表达为major，主语与major之间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词，故填majoring。 14．Do these (符号) have any particular significance? 【答案】characters 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些符号有什么特别的意义吗？设空处为主语，应用名词，前面有these 修饰，用复数形式，根据汉语提示，故填characters。 15．He specially (提到) to our help to him in his talk. 【答案】referred 【详解】考查动词。句意：他在讲话中特别提到了我们对他的帮助。refer to提及。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填referred。 16．The film which has just been put on is (基于) on a true story and well-worth watching. 【答案】based 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：刚刚上演的那部电影是根据真实故事改编的，很值得一看。分析句子结构可知，根据空前的is和空后的on，以及所给中文提示词，应是based，和前后单词构成固定搭配：be based on意为“以……为基础”，是主句的谓语。故填based。 17．His language is vivid and amusing, which gives the readers a detailed   (描述) of the country lifestyle in Britain. 【答案】description 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的语言生动有趣，为读者提供了英国乡村生活方式的详细描述。根据“a detailed”可知，空处应为名词单数形式，作宾语；description名词，表示“描述”，符合句意。故填description。 18．The poor girl has been (斗争) against cancer for two years. 【答案】struggling 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个可怜的女孩与癌症斗争了两年。主动语态，谓语动词struggle表示表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，结合has been，用现在完成进行时（has been doing），该空用现在分词形式。故填struggling。 19．Computer hackers (黑客) have broken down security (系统), which causes anxiety about the safety of information. 【答案】systems 【详解】考查名词。句意：计算机黑客破坏了安全系统，这引起了人们对信息安全的担忧。“系统”表达为名词system，为可数名词，空前无不定冠词，故用名词复数，security systems意为“保安系统，安全系统”，作宾语。故填systems。 20．Mary is   (将……认为) as the most careful girl in her class. 【答案】regarded 【详解】考查动词。句意：玛丽被认为是班上最细心的女孩。根据中文提示可知，表示“将……认为”应用动词regard，而be regarded as表“被认为”，为固定搭配。故填regarded。 二、完成句子 1．Chinese kung fu，a traditional sport，has a long history and __________ our national treasure. 中国功夫，一种传统的运动，拥有悠久的历史，被认为是我们国家的瑰宝。 【答案】is regarded as 【详解】考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示，“被认为是”译为be regarded as，描述事实用一般现在时，主语Chinese kung fu是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is regarded as。 2．He has become more determined after going through so many . 经历了这么多浮沉之后，他变得更加坚定了。 【答案】ups and downs 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，空处为“浮沉”，用固定短语ups and downs，故填ups and downs。 3．I’d me back as soon as possible. 如果你尽早回信我将感激不尽。 【答案】appreciate your writing (＝appreciate it if you could write) 【详解】考查动名词和固定句型。I’d为I would，would后接动词原形形式，appreciate one’s doing...(感激某人做……)， write (写信)用动名词形式作宾语，固定句型I would appreciate it if sb. could...(如果某人能……，我将不胜感激)，could后接动词原形形式，故填appreciate your writing/appreciate it if you could write。 4．It is known that fruits . 众所周知，水果对我们的健康非常有帮助。 【答案】are of great help to our health 【详解】考查时态。结合It is known that，讲述一般性事实，从句时态用一般现在时，可用“be of+n.”结构（相当于形容词），be of help to (对……有帮助)，形容词great (大的)作定语修饰名词help，从句主语fruits复数，从句谓语复数形式，our health (我们的健康)。故填are of great help to our health。 5． , you should have a positive attitude towards/to your work. 无论你面临什么问题，都应该对工作持积极的态度。 【答案】No matter what problems you are faced with 【详解】考查让步状语从句和时态。结合汉语提示，可用no matter what (无论什么)引导让步状语从句，讲述现在的一种情况，时态用一般现在时，what作定语修饰名词复数problems (问题)，be faced with (面临)，首字母大写。故填No matter what problems you are faced with。 6．由于种种原因，周日我不能和你一起去书店。 , I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you. 【答案】For various/a variety of/varieties of reasons 【详解】考查介词、形容词和固定短语。介词for表原因，形容词various（各种各样的）作定语修饰复数名词reasons（原因），various可以替换为a variety of/varieties of （各种各样的），首字母大写。故填For various/a variety of/varieties of reasons。 7．Secondly, one composition every three days. 其次，我要求你每三天写一篇作文。 【答案】I demand that you (should) write 【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。表示“要求”可用动词demand，“要求某人做某事”可用固定句型demand (that) sb. (should) do sth.，that引导的宾语从句为虚拟语气，“写”用write表达；demand作主句的谓语动词，此处表示说话时的情况，用一般现在时即可。故填I demand that you (should) write。 8． English sentences you master, articles you will create. 你掌握的英语句子越多，你越能创作更好的文章。 【答案】 The more the better 【详解】考查固定句型。句中表示“越……就越……”用the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越多”用the more；表示“越好”用the better。第一空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故答案为The more；the better。 9． , I am willing to give you some suggestions. 得知你在书面英语上有困难，我乐意给你一些建议。 【答案】Learning that you have trouble with written English 【详解】考查非谓语和宾语从句。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译，需翻译部分是“得知你在书面英语上有困难”，“得知”可用“learn”，根据后文，本文已有谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语形式，和主语I之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作状语，“你在书面英语上有困难”作“learn”的宾语，句意完整，用that引导宾语从句，可译为“you have trouble with written English”。故填Learning that you have trouble with written English。 10．It was a time . 那是一段我沉迷于电脑游戏的时期。 【答案】when I was addicted to computer games 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。be addicted to沉溺于。computer game电脑游戏。句中先行词为time，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填when I was addicted to computer games。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$