【夏日FUN学】专题6：定语从句 讲义-2024-2025学年新高一暑假初升高衔接英语

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题6:定语从句(原卷版) 【课前小测】 单项选择 1.—Have you ever watched the TV program called National Treasure? —Yes. It’s the best program _ I have ever watched. A.that B.what C.which D.where 2.Friends are those _ always open their hearts to you and stand by you. A.who B.what C.which 3.—Bob Dylan _ has won the Nobel Prize for Literature is a successful and talented singer, artist. —In my opinion, _ his never-give-up attitude which encouraged most of the young people, he succeeded in touching people. A.who; because B.which; because of C.who; because of 4.Harbin is a beautiful city _ I’ve worked for more than thirty years. A.that B.who C.in which 5.—Do you know everybody _ attended the wedding? —Almost, but I don’t know the one in a hat _ you talked with at the entrance. A.who; / B.whose, that C.that, which D./, whom 6.The good old days _ we shared laughter and tear will remain in my heart forever. A.when B.who C.which 7.Tom is one of the people who _ they are now. A.from B.like C.with D.as 8.On the top of the hill _ the old man once lived. A.a temple stands there in which B.a temple standing on which C.does a temple stand where D.stands a temple where 9.There are many works of art in the museum _ we will visit tomorrow. A.that B.who C.where D.what 10.As for learning English, students _ read a lot can do much better than _ who don’t. A.who; that B.which; those C.that; those 11._have finished the work can leave. A.Those who B.Anyone C.The one who D.They 12.I like to live in a house_is big and bright, but he lives_he was born. A.where, which B.which, that C.where, that D.that, where 13.Light blue is the best color _ me. A.that is fit B.that is fit for C.which is fit for D.which fits 14.The only thing _ I want to do is _ a rest. A.that: have B.which; having C.which; to have D.that; to have 15.My father has many books,some of _ are on history. A.they B.that C.which D.who 【知识对接】 接点 定语从句 定语从句可以起形容词的作用,在句中修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词的作用: 1.在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用; 2.在从句中充当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致;谓语动词的单复数形式也要与之保持一致。详情见下表: 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 指人 主语/宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom、which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时,后面的关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whom 指人 宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy(whom)she loved died in the war. whose 指人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 指人/物 主语/宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 指物 主语/宾语 The book(which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which is about the accident is terrible. as 指人/物 主语/宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as在从句中作宾语时一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 指时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. when可换作“介词+which” where 指地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. where可换作“介词+which” why 指原因 原因状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. why可换作for which 【难点突破】 突破1关系代词在定语从句中的用法 1.that指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语) The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。(主语) 2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车卖得很好。(主语) The apples which we bought were not fresh.我们买的苹果不新鲜。(宾语) 3.who、whom指人;who在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。(主语) The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.有新书包的那个女孩叫安。(指人) He lives in a house whose windows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子里。(指物) 突破2只用which不用 that的情况 1.在介词后只用which,不能用that. This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那家发生抢劫案的银行。 2.引导非限制性定语从句时只用which,不用that. This is the book, which he gave me yesterday.这就是他昨天给我的那本书。 突破3只用 that 不用 which的情况 1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that. This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.这是我见过的最美丽的山。 2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that. The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。 3.先行词前有all、any、no、little、much、many、the only、the very、the last等修饰词时只能用that. Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。 This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的书。 4.先行词是everything、something、anything、all、none、much、little、many、few等不定代词时,只能用that. Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后,小偷交出了他偷的所有东西。 5.先行词中既有“人”又有“物”时,只能用that. I can remember some people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的一些人和照片。 6.先行词是the one时,只能用that. This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的那个。 7.在以who引导的疑问句中,只能用that. Who is the girl that is standing there?站在那儿的那个女孩是谁? 突破4只用 whom 不用 who的情况 在介词后只能用whom,不能用who. The girl to whom I talked just now is from America.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩来自美国。 突破5定语从句中主谓一致的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.汤姆是来自美国的众多男孩中的一个。 Tom is the only boy that is from the USA.汤姆是唯一来自美国的男孩。 突破6定语从句中介词与副词的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词,要在其后加介词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后,不能把介词或副词提到关系代词前) He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那位老人。 That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。 突破7关系副词 when 与where的使用 1.when指时间。 I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。 2.where指地点(where=介词+which) This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。 巧学助记 定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换。 She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。 The man who is in the car is Mr Green. reen.=The man in the car is Mr Green.在车上的那个人是格林先生。 The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister,=The girl watering flowers there is my sister.正在那儿浇花的那个女孩是我妹妹。 The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.=The boy saved in the river has come back to life.从河里被救起的那个男孩苏醒过来了。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1.The Pyramids of Giza, _ are the last surviving members of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. A.that B.where C.which D.whose 2.I would like to live in a country there is plenty of sunshine. A.that B.which C.when D.where 3.In 1938, he was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages of National Southwest Associated University, a school _ graduates have played a central role in modern China. A.where B.that C.of which D.whose 4.The boss _ company my father worked is a kind-hearted person. A.in which B.in whose C.in whom D.in where 5.He asked about the factories and workers _ he had visited. A.who B.that C.which D.where 6.—Do you like the movie _ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin? —Sure. I think no movie is _ than it. A.that; more touched B.what; less touching C.that; more touching D.which; less touched 7.This is a book _ cover is green A.which B.whose C.where D.that 8.It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before 9.That man in red is my headmaster _ my father was talking just now. A.with who B.whom C.with whom D.who 10.This is the very place _ I am longing to visit these years. A.that B.where C.in which D.which 11.This is the most exciting film _ I have ever seen in my life. A.whom B.which C.who D.that 12.George Orwell, _ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A.who B.which C.whose D.his 13.There is a girl sells China Daily around the corner. A.who B.where C.in which D.which 14.This is the reason he didn’t come to the meeting. A.when B.why C.that D.who 15.Living in a house _ walls are made of glass must be horrible. A.that B.which C.whose D.where 二、语法填空 用适当的词填空 16.She memorized an ancient poem name I didn't know. 17.The man I saw told me to come here. 18.Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. 19.I showed great concern for those people lives were greatly affected by the flood. 20.I met my schoolmate near the supermarket in I often go shopping with mum. 21.These products our company designed for children are well received by both children and their parents. 22.This bit of success, however, was the point at my problem began. 23.From this story we can see that friends are people support you through thick and thin. 24.The movie I watched last night had a surprising twist. 25.The book he lent me was very interesting. 26.After I arrived, Tom took me to see the house I would be staying. 27.The rulers are made of plastic are usually colorful. 28.Do you still remember the days we spent together in Yan’an? 29.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason they should be worried. 30.This is the reason they are all against the plan. 31.Places you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time are not hard to find. 32.Xi’an city used to be the capital of 13 dynasties is developing fast these years. 33.Without the sun, gives us light and heat, there would be no life on the earth. 34.At first sight I didn’t recognize the boy hair was dyed red. 35.He talked about the books and people interested him greatly in the school. 36.The Wandering Earth was the best domestic film I had seen with my parents. 【能力提升】 一、翻译 1.他们要么看电视要么玩电脑游戏,直到父母回来。 2.站在老师旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 3.我永远不会忘记帮助过我的人。 4.我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 5.愚人节是一个在全世界不同国家都举行的庆祝活动。 6.青少年上网的原因是他们搜索信息来完成他们的作业。(search for) 二、完形填空 There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints. I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend. It was the golden season. I could see the 4 leaves floating (漂浮) with the cool wind. In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 5 to the sound of them. Autumn is a harvest season and life is uninteresting. The boring days always get me 6 . But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 7 in playing her violin. I had 8 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Absorbed in the music, I didn’t know that I had been 9 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her. Leaves were still falling. Every day 10 she played the violin in the comer of the building, I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 11 . Though we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good friends. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 12 . To my surprise, the girl came over to me. “You definitely like violin.” she said. “Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked. Suddenly, a 13 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that encouraged me.” she said. “ 14 it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn,” I answered, “Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine 15 of the girl. She is like a dream—so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful. 1.A.against B.for C.with D.to 2.A.true B.humorous C.funny D.old 3.A.leaves B.violin C.play D.song 4.A.yellow B.purple C.green D.blue 5.A.turning B.referring C.seeing D.listening 6.A.down B.off C.up D.over 7.A.busy B.interested C.lost D.active 8.A.often B.once C.never D.usually 9.A.standing B.stopping C.waiting D.hearing 10.A.because B.so C.but D.when 11.A.moving B.interesting C.encouraging D.exciting 12.A.stopped B.began C.rose D.changed 13.A.surprised B.happy C.strange D.sad 14.A.In conclusion B.In fact C.In short D.In total 15.A.figure B.symbol C.expression D.sun ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题6:定语从句(解析版) 【课前小测】 单项选择 1.—Have you ever watched the TV program called National Treasure? —Yes. It’s the best program _ I have ever watched. A.that B.what C.which D.where 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你看过名为《国家宝藏》的电视节目吗? ——对,这是我看过的最好的节目。 考查定语从句。that关系代词,在定从中作主语或者宾语,指人或物;what什么,常用于名词性从句中;which关系代词,在定从中作主语或者宾语,指物;where关系副词,在定从中作地点状语。根据“It’s the best program...I have ever watched.”可知此处的定从缺少宾语,指代the best program,又先行词有最高级修饰,关系代词只能使用that。故选A。 2.Friends are those _ always open their hearts to you and stand by you. A.who B.what C.which 【答案】A 【详解】句意:朋友是那些永远向你敞开心扉并支持你的人。 考查定语从句。who谁;what什么;which哪一个。句子“Friends are those ... always open their hearts to you and stand by you.”是一个定语从句,先行词those指的朋友,即人,故应用who引导定语从句。故选A。 3.—Bob Dylan _ has won the Nobel Prize for Literature is a successful and talented singer, artist. —In my opinion, _ his never-give-up attitude which encouraged most of the young people, he succeeded in touching people. A.who; because B.which; because of C.who; because of 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——获得诺贝尔文学奖的鲍勃 迪伦是一位成功而有才华的歌手和艺术家。——在我看来,由于他从不放弃的态度鼓舞了大多数年轻人,他成功地打动了人们。 考查定语从句和介词短语。who谁;which哪个;because因为,后接句子;because of因为,后接名词、代词及名词性短语。根据“Bob Dylan…has won the Nobel Prize for Literature is a successful and talented singer, artist.”可知此处是定语从句,先行词“Bob Dylan”为人,引导词应用who;根据“his never-give-up attitude”可知,空后为名词性短语,应填because of。故选C。 4.Harbin is a beautiful city _ I’ve worked for more than thirty years. A.that B.who C.in which 【答案】C 【详解】句意:哈尔滨是一个美丽的城市,我在那里工作了三十多年。 考查定语从句。根据题干,可知本句为定语从句,先行词是city;在从句中作地点状语,应用in which=where引导定语从句,故选C。 5.—Do you know everybody _ attended the wedding? —Almost, but I don’t know the one in a hat _ you talked with at the entrance. A.who; / B.whose, that C.that, which D./, whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你认识来参加聚会的每个人吗?——差不多吧,但是我不认识在门口附近和你交谈的那个人。 考查定语从句关系词。第一空先行词“everybody”指人,且是不定代词,用who引导定语从句;第二空先行词“the one in a hat”指人,且在从句中作宾语,用that/who引导定语从句,作宾语时that/who可省略。故选A。 6.The good old days _ we shared laughter and tear will remain in my heart forever. A.when B.who C.which 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们分享欢笑和泪水的美好时光将永远留在我心中。 考查定语从句。when关系副词,引导限制性定语从句,在从句中作时间状语;who引导限制性定语从句,修饰指人的先行词;which既能引导限制性定语从句,也能引导非限制性定语从句,修饰指物的先行词,在定语从句中充当主语和宾语,作宾语时可以省略。此句是定语从句,先行词是“The good old days”,在定语从句中作时间状语,应该用when引导。故选A。 7.Tom is one of the people who _ they are now. A.from B.like C.with D.as 【答案】D 【详解】句意:汤姆是他们当中的一个,就像他们现在这个样子。 考查介词辨析。from来自;like像,如同;with和……一起;as正如。根据“Tom is one of the people who … they are now.”可知,该句为定语从句;从句“who … they are now.”修饰先行词people,who在从句中作主语,省略了are,完整的句子表达为“who are as they are now”,在这个定语从句中包含一个方式状语从句,方式状语从句要用as引导。故选D。 8.On the top of the hill _ the old man once lived. A.a temple stands there in which B.a temple standing on which C.does a temple stand where D.stands a temple where 【答案】D 【详解】句意:山顶上有一座老人曾经住过的庙宇。 考查完全倒装和定语从句。根据“On the top of the hill”可知,此句是一个完全倒装的句子,因此谓语动词要和主语调换位置;再者根据句子结构可知,“the old man once lived.”用于修饰先行词“a temple”,而定语从句缺少状语成分,因此用where引导定语从句。故选D。 9.There are many works of art in the museum _ we will visit tomorrow. A.that B.who C.where D.what 【答案】A 【详解】句意:博物馆里有许多艺术品,我们明天将去参观。 考查定语从句的引导词。此句为定语从句,先行词“museum”为物,且在从句中作宾语,应用that引导定语从句。故选A。 10.As for learning English, students _ read a lot can do much better than _ who don’t. A.who; that B.which; those C.that; those 【答案】C 【详解】句意:至于学英语,读得多的学生比那些读得少的学生学得更好一些。 考查定语从句和指示代词。第一空考查定语从句的连接词,先行词为人,从句缺主语,连接词可以用that或who;第二空指代那些读得少的学生,表示复数含义,所以用those。故选C。 11._have finished the work can leave. A.Those who B.Anyone C.The one who D.They 【答案】A 【详解】句意:完成工作的人可以离开。 本题考查定语从句。those在此作句子的主语,根据“have finished the work”可知,those 在此指人。故选用关系代词who引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。anyone 和they 均不能引导从句。the one是单数形式,与从句谓语动词have finished的单复数不符。语境是:已经完成工作的人可以走了。故选A。 12.I like to live in a house_is big and bright, but he lives_he was born. A.where, which B.which, that C.where, that D.that, where 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我喜欢住在又大又亮的房子里,但是他住在他出生的地方。 考查定语从句。which和that用来引导限制性定语从句,在句中可以作主语或宾语;where在定语从句中是关系副词,引导限制性定语从句,在句中作状语。根据第一个空格后的单词is,可知空格上所填词在定语从句中作主语,结合选项,在定语从句中只有which和that可以作主语,故排除答案A和C。根据第二个空格所说的意思,可知句子相当于he lives in a place he was born,故第二个空格需要用“介词+关系代词”来表示,又因为“介词+关系代词”在句中作状语,这个状语表示地点,故用where来替换。故选D。 13.Light blue is the best color _ me. A.that is fit B.that is fit for C.which is fit for D.which fits 【答案】B 【详解】句意:浅蓝色是最适合我的颜色。 考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词color是物,且有最高级修饰,当先行词前有形容词的最高级或者序数词来修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that,可知排除C和D;短语be fit for:适合于……(一般指搭配适不适合);故选B。 14.The only thing _ I want to do is _ a rest. A.that: have B.which; having C.which; to have D.that; to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我唯一想做的事情就是歇一会儿。 本题主要考查定语从句关系词和动词不定式。先行词“thing”被“the only”修饰时,关系代词只能用that,排除B和C,此处为不定式做表语,说明主语的内容(休息是我唯一想做的事情)。故选D。 15.My father has many books,some of _ are on history. A.they B.that C.which D.who 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我爸爸有许多书,这些书中有一些是有关历史的。 本题考查定语从句关系代词。A. they(人称动词);B. that(关系代词);C. which(关系代词);D. who(关系代词);先行词books是物,Some of …….表示部分的结构在非限定性定语从句中, 关系代词只能用which ,故选C。 【知识对接】 接点 定语从句 定语从句可以起形容词的作用,在句中修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词的作用: 1.在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用; 2.在从句中充当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致;谓语动词的单复数形式也要与之保持一致。详情见下表: 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 指人 主语/宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom、which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时,后面的关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that whom 指人 宾语 Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy(whom)she loved died in the war. whose 指人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 指人/物 主语/宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 指物 主语/宾语 The book(which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which is about the accident is terrible. as 指人/物 主语/宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as在从句中作宾语时一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 指时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. when可换作“介词+which” where 指地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. where可换作“介词+which” why 指原因 原因状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. why可换作for which 【难点突破】 突破1关系代词在定语从句中的用法 1.that指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语) The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。(主语) 2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车卖得很好。(主语) The apples which we bought were not fresh.我们买的苹果不新鲜。(宾语) 3.who、whom指人;who在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。(主语) The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.有新书包的那个女孩叫安。(指人) He lives in a house whose windows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子里。(指物) 突破2只用which不用 that的情况 1.在介词后只用which,不能用that. This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那家发生抢劫案的银行。 2.引导非限制性定语从句时只用which,不用that. This is the book, which he gave me yesterday.这就是他昨天给我的那本书。 突破3只用 that 不用 which的情况 1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that. This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.这是我见过的最美丽的山。 2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that. The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。 3.先行词前有all、any、no、little、much、many、the only、the very、the last等修饰词时只能用that. Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。 This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的书。 4.先行词是everything、something、anything、all、none、much、little、many、few等不定代词时,只能用that. Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后,小偷交出了他偷的所有东西。 5.先行词中既有“人”又有“物”时,只能用that. I can remember some people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的一些人和照片。 6.先行词是the one时,只能用that. This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的那个。 7.在以who引导的疑问句中,只能用that. Who is the girl that is standing there?站在那儿的那个女孩是谁? 突破4只用 whom 不用 who的情况 在介词后只能用whom,不能用who. The girl to whom I talked just now is from America.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩来自美国。 突破5定语从句中主谓一致的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.汤姆是来自美国的众多男孩中的一个。 Tom is the only boy that is from the USA.汤姆是唯一来自美国的男孩。 突破6定语从句中介词与副词的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词,要在其后加介词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后,不能把介词或副词提到关系代词前) He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那位老人。 That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。 突破7关系副词 when 与where的使用 1.when指时间。 I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。 2.where指地点(where=介词+which) This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。 巧学助记 定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换。 She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。 The man who is in the car is Mr Green. reen.=The man in the car is Mr Green.在车上的那个人是格林先生。 The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister,=The girl watering flowers there is my sister.正在那儿浇花的那个女孩是我妹妹。 The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.=The boy saved in the river has come back to life.从河里被救起的那个男孩苏醒过来了。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1.The Pyramids of Giza, _ are the last surviving members of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. A.that B.where C.which D.whose 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:吉萨金字塔是古代世界七大奇迹中仅存的几个。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The Pyramids of Giza,在从句作主语,指物,故用which。故选C。 2.I would like to live in a country there is plenty of sunshine. A.that B.which C.when D.where 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。定语从句修饰先行词country,关系词在从句作地点状语,故用where。故选D。 3.In 1938, he was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages of National Southwest Associated University, a school _ graduates have played a central role in modern China. A.where B.that C.of which D.whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:1938年,他考入西南联合大学外语系,这所大学的毕业生在近代中国发挥了核心作用。先行词为a school,设空处为先行词的所有格“……的”,在从句中作定语,应用关系代词whose。故选D。 4.The boss _ company my father worked is a kind-hearted person. A.in which B.in whose C.in whom D.in where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我父亲所在公司的老板是个心地善良的人。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词boss,表示所在公司,应用介词in;且boss与company构成所属关系,应用whose。故选B。 5.He asked about the factories and workers _ he had visited. A.who B.that C.which D.where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他询问了我们刚刚参观过的工厂和工人的情况。分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,从句缺宾语,先行词是“the factories and workers”,先行词既有人又有物,应用关系代词that引导从句。故选B项。 6.—Do you like the movie _ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin? —Sure. I think no movie is _ than it. A.that; more touched B.what; less touching C.that; more touching D.which; less touched 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和形容词比较级。句意:——你喜欢《长津湖之战》这部电影吗?——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人。第一空处引导限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词movie是电影,因此第一空用关系代词that/which,第二空用形容词作表语,主语movie是电影,用ing结尾的形容词touching修饰,意为“感人的”,此处是否定词no和比较级连用表最高级,意为“我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人”,因此空格处是“更感人的”,是more touching,故选C。 7.This is a book _ cover is green A.which B.whose C.where D.that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是一本封面是绿色的书。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词book在从句中作定语,修饰后面的名词cover,所以用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 8.It was April 29, 2001 Prince William and Kate walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:2001年4月29日,威廉王子和凯特王妃步入婚礼大厅。A. that无实义,用于某些动词、形容词和名词后,引出从句;B. when当……时;……的时候;C. since自从,因为;D. before在……之前。分析可知,“_Prince William and Kate walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony”为之前时间短语“April 29, 2001”的定语从句,先行词在从句中做时间状语,用关系副词when引导从句。故选B项。 9.That man in red is my headmaster _ my father was talking just now. A.with who B.whom C.with whom D.who 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那个穿红衣服的人是我的校长,我父亲刚才正在和他谈话。空格处引导的是定语从句,talk with sb.意为“和某人谈话”,先行词headmaster是人,因此空格处用with whom引导定语从句,故选C。 10.This is the very place _ I am longing to visit these years. A.that B.where C.in which D.which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这正是我这些年来一直想去的地方。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词place是地方,且被the very修饰,因此空格处只能用关系代词that不能用which,故选A。 11.This is the most exciting film _ I have ever seen in my life. A.whom B.which C.who D.that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是我一生中看过的最激动人心的电影。空格处引导的是限定性定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词film是物,且被最高级the most exciting修饰,因此只能用that不能用which引导定语从句。故选D。 12.George Orwell, _ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A.who B.which C.whose D.his 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:乔治 奥威尔,真名埃里克 阿瑟,写过许多政治小说和散文。空格处引导定语从句,George Orwell和real name之间是所属关系,因此空格处用关系代词whose引导定语从句,故选C。 13.There is a girl sells China Daily around the corner. A.who B.where C.in which D.which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:街角有个卖《中国日报》的女孩。空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词girl是人,因此空格处用关系代词who,故选A。 14.This is the reason he didn’t come to the meeting. A.when B.why C.that D.who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这就是他没有来开会的原因。空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词reason指“原因”,因此用why引导定语从句,故选B。 15.Living in a house _ walls are made of glass must be horrible. A.that B.which C.whose D.where 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:住在玻璃做的房子里一定很可怕。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,先行词house和walls之间是所属关系,因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose,在从句中作定语,故选C。 二、语法填空 用适当的词填空 16.She memorized an ancient poem name I didn't know. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:她背诵了一首我不知道名字的古诗。定语从句修饰先行词poem,在从句作定语,应用whose。故填whose。 17.The man I saw told me to come here. 【答案】who/whom/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我看见的那个人叫我到这里来。空处引导限制性定语从句,代替先行词the man在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词who/whom/that作引导词。故填who/whom/that。 18.Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:有时我们不得不工作到凌晨,那时大多数人还在熟睡。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词the early hours of the morning是时间,因此空格处用关系副词when,故填when。 19.I showed great concern for those people lives were greatly affected by the flood. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我非常关心那些生活受到洪水严重影响的人们。先行词为 those people,在定语从句中作定语,表示“......的”,关系代词为whose。故填whose。 20.I met my schoolmate near the supermarket in I often go shopping with mum. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我在经常和妈妈去购物的超市附近遇到了我的同学。分析可知。空格处和空前的介词in引导限制性定语从句,先行词supermarket是“超市”,因此空格处用which,故填which。 21.These products our company designed for children are well received by both children and their parents. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们公司为儿童设计的这些产品受到了孩子和家长的好评。此处是限定性定语从句,修饰先行词products,指物,关系词在从句作宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 22.This bit of success, however, was the point at my problem began. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:然而,这一点成功,正是我的问题开始出现的地方。此处为介词+关系代词结构定语从句修饰先行词point,作介词的宾语,指物,故填which。 23.From this story we can see that friends are people support you through thick and thin. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:从这个故事中我们可以看到,朋友是那些在任何情况下都支持你的人。空格后的部分是一个定语从句,对先行词people进行限定说明,定语从句缺少主语,所以应该用关系代词that或who引导定语从句。故填that/who。 24.The movie I watched last night had a surprising twist. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我昨晚看的电影有一个惊人的转折。定语从句修饰先行词movie,在从句作宾语,指物,故用that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 25.The book he lent me was very interesting. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他借给我的那本书十分有趣。定语从句修饰先行词book,在从句作宾语,指物,故用that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 26.After I arrived, Tom took me to see the house I would be staying. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我到达后,汤姆带我去看了我将要住的房子。根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个定语从句,对先行词house进行限定说明,先行词在从句中作地点状语,所以空格处应该填入关系副词where代替先行词在从句中作状语。故填where。 27.The rulers are made of plastic are usually colorful. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:塑料做的尺子通常是彩色的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词rulers是物,因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 28.Do you still remember the days we spent together in Yan’an? 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你还记得我们在延安一起度过的日子吗?定语从句修饰先行词days,在从句中作宾语,指物,故用which或that。故填which/that。 29.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason they should be worried. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:青少年轻微超重是正常的,他们没有理由为此担心。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词reason,关系词将其代入定语从句中作原因状语,用关系副词why引导定语从句,故填why。 30.This is the reason they are all against the plan. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这就是他们都反对这个计划的原因。此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是the reason,表原因,关系词作定语从句的原因状语,应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 31.Places you can enjoy yourselves in your spare time are not hard to find. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:你可以在业余时间尽情享受的地方并不难找到。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词是places,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 32.Xi’an city used to be the capital of 13 dynasties is developing fast these years. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:曾经是13个王朝的首都的西安近年来发展迅速。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词Xi’an city 从句中作主语,指物,用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 33.Without the sun, gives us light and heat, there would be no life on the earth. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:没有给我们光和热的太阳,地球上就不会有生命。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是the sun“太阳”,因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。 34.At first sight I didn’t recognize the boy hair was dyed red. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:第一眼我没认出那个头发染红的男孩。此处为定语从句修饰先行词boy,在从句中作定语,应用whose。故填whose。 35.He talked about the books and people interested him greatly in the school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他谈到了学校里使他非常感兴趣的书和人。空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词books and people既有人又有物,因此用that引导定语从句,故填that。 36.The Wandering Earth was the best domestic film I had seen with my parents. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意:《流浪地球》是我和父母一起看过的最好的国产电影。分析可知,“_ I had seen with my parents”为之前名词短语“the best domestic film”的定语从句,先行词在从句中作宾语,且先行词由形容词最高级“the best”修饰,用that引导从句。故填that。 【能力提升】 一、翻译 1.他们要么看电视要么玩电脑游戏,直到父母回来。 【答案】They either watch TV or play computer games until their parents come back. 【详解】根据句意提示可知,本题为肯定句,且为一般现在时态。they“他们”;either...or...“要么……要么…… ”;“看电视”用动词短语watch TV;“玩电脑游戏”用动词短语play computer games;until“直到”,引导时间状语从句; their parents“他们的父母”;come back“回来”。故填They either watch TV or play computer games until their parents come back. 2.站在老师旁边的那个女孩是我妹妹。 【答案】The girl who is standing next to the teachers is my sister. 【详解】根据汉语释义可知,句子为含有定语从句的主从复合句,主句时态为一般现在时。那个女孩:the girl;先行词为人,关系代词在从句中作主语,应使用who;站在老师旁边:stand next to the teacher,此处应使用现在进行时,主语结构为is doing;主语girl为单数,be动词应使用is;我的妹妹:my sister。故填The girl who is standing next to the teachers is my sister. 3.我永远不会忘记帮助过我的人。 【答案】I will never forget the people who have helped me. 【详解】根据汉语可知,本句是复合句,主句时态是一般将来时(will do),从句用现在完成时(have/has done);“永远不会”will never,后跟动词原形;“忘记”forget;“帮助过我的人”the people who have helped me。故填I will never forget the people who have helped me. 4.我喜欢鲁迅写的书。 【答案】I like the books that/which was written by Lu Xun. 【详解】根据汉语可知,本句是复合句,主句时态用一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。我“I”,“喜欢”like;“书”the books,后跟定语从句修饰;先行词指物,所以关系词用that/which,“由鲁迅写的”were written by Lu Xun。故填I like the books that/which were written by Lu Xun. 5.愚人节是一个在全世界不同国家都举行的庆祝活动。 【答案】April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. 【详解】April Fool’s Day“愚人节”;be“是”,时态为一般现在时,此处应用is;a celebration“一个庆祝活动”;that引导定语从句;take place“举行”,固定词组,时态为一般现在时,此处应用动词的三单形式;in different countries“在不同国家”;around the world“全世界”。故填April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. 6.青少年上网的原因是他们搜索信息来完成他们的作业。(search for) 【答案】The reason why teenagers surf the Internet is that they search for information to finish their homework. 【详解】分析题干可知,句子为肯定句,且为一般现在时;the reason作主语,句首首字母要大写;why teenagers surf the Internet为定语从句,修饰先行词reason;主语the reason为第三人称单数,be用is,后接that引导的表语从句;they作从句主语;search for information作从句谓语和宾语;to finish their homework为不定式作目的状语。故填The reason why teenagers surf the Internet is that they search for information to finish their homework. 二、完形填空 There are many kinds of friends. Some are always 1 you, but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only 2 friends leave footprints. I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the 3 . She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend. It was the golden season. I could see the 4 leaves floating (漂浮) with the cool wind. In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, 5 to the sound of them. Autumn is a harvest season and life is uninteresting. The boring days always get me 6 . But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was 7 in playing her violin. I had 8 seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Absorbed in the music, I didn’t know that I had been 9 there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her. Leaves were still falling. Every day 10 she played the violin in the comer of the building, I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became 11 . Though we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good friends. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly 12 . To my surprise, the girl came over to me. “You definitely like violin.” she said. “Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked. Suddenly, a 13 expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly. It was your listening every day that encouraged me.” she said. “ 14 it was your playing that gave me a meaningful autumn,” I answered, “Let’s be friends.” The girl smiled, and so did I. I never heard her play again in my life. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine 15 of the girl. She is like a dream—so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful. 1.A.against B.for C.with D.to 2.A.true B.humorous C.funny D.old 3.A.leaves B.violin C.play D.song 4.A.yellow B.purple C.green D.blue 5.A.turning B.referring C.seeing D.listening 6.A.down B.off C.up D.over 7.A.busy B.interested C.lost D.active 8.A.often B.once C.never D.usually 9.A.standing B.stopping C.waiting D.hearing 10.A.because B.so C.but D.when 11.A.moving B.interesting C.encouraging D.exciting 12.A.stopped B.began C.rose D.changed 13.A.surprised B.happy C.strange D.sad 14.A.In conclusion B.In fact C.In short D.In total 15.A.figure B.symbol C.expression D.sun 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了在萧索的秋天,作者听见一个女孩拉小提琴,美妙的琴声让作者感觉秋天也不是那么令人孤单了。但是很快这个女孩就要走了,这让作者非常难过。 1.考查介词词义辨析。句意:有些人一直陪着你,却不懂你。A. against对抗;反抗;B. for为了;C. with和……一起;D. to给……。后文提到“Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. ”(有些人只对你说几句话,却懂你的意思。)后文提到有些人与你虽然话不多,但是很能理解你,与前文中提到的“有些人陪着你,但是却不了解你”形成对比,介词with意为“与……一起”,符合文意。故选C。 2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:许多人会踏入你的生活,但只有真正的朋友才会留下脚印。A. true真正的;B. humorous幽默的;C. funny有趣的;D. old老的。生活中的人来来去去,但是只有真正的朋友才会在你的生命中留下痕迹。故选A。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我将永远回忆起那个秋天和那个拉小提琴的女孩。A. leaves落叶;B. violin小提琴;C. play戏剧;D. song歌曲。后文提到“But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream(小溪)flowing in the mountains.”(但是有一天,小提琴的声音像山间的小溪一样流入我的耳朵。)由此判断,作者与拉小提琴的女孩在那个秋天相遇了。故选B。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:那是金色的季节。我可以看到黄叶随着凉风飘动。A. yellow黄色的;B. purple紫色的;C. green绿色的;D. blue蓝色的。前文提到“It was the golden season.”(这是一个金色的季节)由此判断,现在是秋天,因此树叶都变黄了。故选A。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在这样的季节里,我喜欢独自走在树叶间,听着树叶的声音。A. turning转变;B. referring谈及;C. seeing看见;D. listening听。前文提到“I liked walking alone in the leaves”(我喜欢独自走在树叶间)作者喜欢在秋天走在树叶上,枯黄的树叶会发出咯吱咯吱的声音,由此判断,作者喜欢听踩着树叶的声音。故选D。 6.考查副词词义辨析。句意:无聊的日子总是使我沮丧。A. down往下;B. off离开;C. up向上;D. over在上方。前文提到“Autumn is a harvest season and life is uninteresting.”(秋天是收获的季节,生活是无趣的。)由此判断,作者在这样无聊的日子会感到沮丧。故选A。 7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一个年轻的女孩站在风中,全神贯注地拉着小提琴。A. busy忙的;B. interested感兴趣的;C. lost沉迷的;D. active活跃的。后文提到“ my existence(存在) did not seem to disturb her”(但我的存在似乎并没有打扰她),小女孩拉了很久的琴都没有发现作者,说明小女孩拉小提琴的时候非常投入,此处是固定短语be lost in,意为“沉迷于……”。故选C。 8.考查副词词义辨析。句意:我从来没有见过她。A. often经常;B. once曾经;C. never从不;D. usually通常地。根据“before”(以前)和“Though we didn’t know each other”(尽管我们不认识对方)可知,作者与小女孩之前从来没有见过。故选C。 9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我沉浸在音乐中,不知道我已经在那里呆了这么久,但我的存在似乎并没有打扰她。A. standing站立;B. stopping停止;C. waiting等待;D. hearing听见。前文提到“Absorbed in the music”(沉浸在音乐中),说明作者已经沉浸在音乐中了,不知道自己站在那里多久了。故选A。 10.考查连词词义辨析。句意:每天当她在楼的角落拉小提琴时,我就下楼去看她演奏。A. because因为;B. so所以;C. but但是;D. when当……时候。后文提到“I went downstairs to watch her performance.”(我就下楼去看她演奏)由此判断,作者只要看到小女孩在演奏小提琴,就会去听她演奏。该句是时间状语从句,因此可使用连词when(当……时候)引导该从句。故选D。 11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:秋天似乎不再孤独,生活变得有趣起来。A. moving感动的;B. interesting有趣的;C. encouraging鼓舞人心的;D. exciting令人兴奋的。前文提到“Autumn is a harvest season and life is uninteresting.”(秋天是收获的季节,生活是无趣的。)作者在没有遇到小女孩之前觉得自己的生活很无趣,但是每天听到小女孩的琴声之后,发现生活开始变化了,变得有趣了起来。故选B。 12.考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,当我仔细听的时候,声音突然停止了。A. stopped停止;B. began开始;C. rose上升;D. changed改变。后文提到“To my surprise, the girl came over to me.”(令我震惊的是,这个女孩走过来了。)女孩发现了作者的存在,朝作者走过来,因此琴声停止了。故选A。 13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:突然,她脸上出现了悲伤的表情,我能感觉到有些不寻常。A. surprised惊讶的;B. happy高兴的;C. strange奇怪的;D. sad悲伤的。后文提到“I could feel something unusual”(我能感觉得到有一些不寻常)以及后文中小女孩告诉作者自己很快要离开了,因此小女孩感到十分悲伤。故选D。 14.考查介词短语辨析。句意:“事实上,是你的演奏给了我一个有意义的秋天,”我回答说,“让我们做朋友吧。”A. In conclusion总结;B. In fact事实上;C. In short简言之;D. In total总之。前文提到小女孩觉得作者的陪伴鼓励了自己一直演奏下去,但是作者却认为是小女孩的演奏使得自己的秋天没有那么无聊了。故选B。 15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但我会永远记得那个女孩的优美身影。A. figure身形;身影;B. symbol标志;C. expression表达;D. sun太阳。前文提到小女孩拉小提琴的时候,作者都会看着小女孩演奏,一个秋天过去了,小女孩的身影给作者留下非常深刻的印象,因此会永远记得小女孩的身影。故选A。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$