【夏日FUN学】专题4：非谓语动词 讲义-2024-2025学年新高一暑假初升高衔接英语

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题4：非谓语动词（解析版） 【课前小测】 单项选择 1．Parents always expect their children ________ a joyful life. A．lead B．leading C．to lead 2．________ safe, people should wear helmets when riding e-bikes. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To keeping 3．I have a bad cold. I don’t feel like ________ anything. A．to eat B．eating C．eat 4．Alice prefers _______ to________. So she wants to join the dancing club. A．dancing; singing B．dance; singing C．dancing; sing 5．_______ for two hours is a good way to relax. A．Laughing B．Laugh C．Laughs 6．Our teachers don’t allow us ________ soccer on the street. It’s dangerous. A．play B．playing C．not to play D．to play 7．The girl is supposed ________ sorry to her brother because it’s her fault. A．said B．say C．to say 8．—Mary can’t help _________ the house. Why? —Because she is busy _________ a model plane. A．cleaning; to make B．cleaning; making C．to clean; making D．to clean; to make 9．In order ________ for the meeting, my sister had to get up early this morning. A．not to be late B．not being late C．to be late 10．There is ________ with my computer. I will ask my uncle _________ it this afternoon. A．wrong something, to fix B．something wrong, fixing C．something wrong, to fix D．wrong something, fixing 11．I used to ______ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ______ at seven. A．get up; get up B．get up; getting up C．got up; getting up D．got up; get up 12．We should do our best ________ animals from ________. A．stop; hurt B．stop; hurting C．to stop; hurt D．to stop; hurting 13．Look! There are some girls ________ in the music hall. A．to sing B．singing C．sing 14．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need _______. A．that…to be improved B．which…to be improved C．where…improving D．when…improving 15．I consider this is the very work that we have to finish ________ her. A．helping B．to help C．help 16．________ with his, the list you ________ didn’t meet my standards. A．Comparison, were made B．Comparison, had made C．Compared, were made D．Compared, had made 17．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 【知识对接】 接点 非谓语动词的形式、构成及功能 形式 构成 功能 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 复合结构 动词不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非 谓语 动词 前加 not for sb to do sth 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb's doing 具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语 分词 现在 分词 doing having done being done having been done - 具有副词和形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语 过去 分词 - done 【难点突破】 突破1动词不定式 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。 To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。 To help animals is to help people.帮助动物就是帮助人类。 (2)当动词不定式在句中作主语时，通常使用it作形式主语，而将作为真正主语的动词不定式或动词不定式短语后置，以使句子保持平衡。 It's so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真好。 It is not difficult to work out the problem.解决这个问题并不困难。 (3)在“It's+形容词＋for sb to do sth”和“It's+形容词＋of sb to do sth”句型中，表语形容词性质的不同决定了用for还是of. ①前一个句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征或客观形式的形容词，如easy(容易的)、hard(艰难的)、difficult(困难的)、interesting(有趣的)、impossible(不可能的)等。 It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学习两种语言是很难的。 ②后一个句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智或表示情感、态度的形容词，如good(好的)、kind(友好的)、nice(好的)、clever(聪明的)、foolish(愚蠢的)、right(正确的)等。 It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我真是太好了。 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有ask(要求)、agree(同意)、beg(乞求)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、fail(失败)、hesitate(犹豫)、afford(支付得起)、hope(希望)、learn(学习)、long(渴望)、offer(主动提出)、pretend(假装)、plan(计划)、prepare(准备)、promise(承诺)、refuse(拒绝)、want(想要)、wish(希望)等。 We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一些肢体语言。 She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。 No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人买得起如此昂贵的套装。 (2)当宾语是动词不定式时，如果其后有宾语 补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即“主语＋谓语＋it+宾语补足语＋动词不定式”。常见的用于此结构的谓语动词有think(认为)、make(让)、feel(感觉)、find(发现；认为)等。 He found it very important to study the situation in this country.他认为研究这个国家的形势很重要。 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (1)常见的以带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask(要求)、allow(允许)、warn(警告)、tell(告诉)、invite(邀请)、force(迫使)、wish(希望)、want(想要)、expect(期望)、encourage(鼓励)、advise(建议)、persuade(说服)、permit(允许)、request(要求)、order(命令)等。 Do you want me to help you? 你想要我帮忙吗？ Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩。 (2)常见的以不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有see(看到)、hear(听到)、watch(看到)、notice(注意)、observe(观察)、feel(感觉)、let(让)、have(让)、make(让)等。但是这类句子变为被动句时，不定式符号to仍保留。 I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance by me,我看见他跳舞。 The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让他们整夜干活。 4.动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可以放在be动词的后面作表语。 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。 Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？ 6.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式通常在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 (1)作目的状语 常用结构为 to do, in order to do、so as to do、so,,, as to...等。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here to say goodbye to you.我来这儿是为了向你告别。 (2)作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。 I awoke to find my box gone.我醒来发现我的盒子不见了。 He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间，结果什么都没发现。 (3)作原因状语 I'm glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。 She cried to see the sight.她一看到这情形就哭了。 7.动词不定式与疑问词连用 “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语或主语。疑问词一般是what、who、whom、where、how、whether、why、which. Would you like to teach us how to drive a car?你愿意教我们如何开车吗？ Let me tell you what to do now,让我来告诉你现在该做什么。 8.动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是直接在动词不定式前加否定词not.另外，否定词never也可以构成动词不定式的否定形式。 Tell him not to shut the window.告诉他别关窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我路过的时候，她假装没看见我。 突破2 动名词 1.动名词作主语 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别：一般来说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其强调多次性的动作；动词不定式表示具体的，某一次的行为，特别是将来的行为。 Checking information is very important.核实信息是非常重要的。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。 2.动名词作宾语 (1)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，不能用动词不定式作宾语，如admit(承认)、advise(建议)、avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、delay(推迟)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、miss(错过)、practice(练习)、enjoy(喜欢)、resist(反抗)、risk(冒险)、appreciate(欣赏)、imagine(想象)。 He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完了这本书。 Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位特别的朋友呢？ (2)动名词作介词宾语的用法。 有些动词短语后接动名词作宾语，如be used to(习惯于)、depend on(取决于)、feel like(想要)、be fond of(喜欢)、be proud of(以······自豪)、put off(推迟)、give up(放弃)、devote oneself to(致力于)、be busy in(忙于)、be afraid of(害怕)、apologize for(为······道歉)。 I don't feel like walking too much today.今天我不想走太多的路。 【注意】动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如have difficulty(in)doing sth(做某事有困难)，have trouble(in)doing sth(做某事有困难)，prevent/stop sb(from) doing sth(阻止某人做某事)、there is no use(in) doing sth(做某事没有用)。 I have difficulty(in) pronouncing some English words.我在某些英语单词的发音上有困难。 We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须阻止他们再犯同样的错误。 (3)有些动词既可用动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。 ①like(喜欢)、love(爱)、prefer(更喜欢)、hate(讨厌)等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的动词，后跟动词不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或特定、具体的某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作”。 I don't like to read this novel.我不喜欢看这部小说。 I don't like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。 I prefer to work rather than sit idly.我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐着。 【注意】这些词前面有 would、should 时，后面都只跟动词不定式。 Would you like to dine out? 你愿意在外面吃饭吗？ ②remember(记得)、forget(忘记)、stop(停止)、go on(继续)、mean(意味着；打算)、try(尝试；努力)、regret(后悔)、can't help(禁不住)等动词或动词短语后既能接动词不定式又能接动名词，但表达的意思却不同。 •remember 后接动词不定式表示“记得要去做某事”；后接动名词表示“记得做过某事”。 Remember to go to the post office after school.记得放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before?难道你不记得以前见过那个人吗？ •forget后接动词不定式表示“忘记要去做某事”；后接动名词表示“忘记做过某事”。 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着。他忘记关了。 He forgot turning the light off.他忘记已经关了灯了。 •stop后接动词不定式表示“停下来做另一件事”；后接动名词表示“停止正在做的事”。 They stop to smoke.他们停下来去抽烟。 I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟。 •try后接动词不定式表示“设法去做某事”；后接动名词表示“试着做某事”。 You must try to be more careful.你必须多加小心。 I tried cooking but didn't succeed.我试着做饭，但没有做成。 •mean后接动词不定式表示“打算做某事”；后接动名词表示“意味着做某事”。 I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office,我打算昨天告诉你的，但是你不在办公室。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour,错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。 •can't help后接动词不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”；后接动名词表示“禁不住／忍不住做某事”。 We couldn't help to finish it.我们不能帮助完成这件事。 She couldn't help smiling.她禁不住笑了起来。 (4)动词need(需要)、require(要求)以及be worth(值得)之后的动名词常用主动语态表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式。 His clothes need mending(to be mended).他的衣服需要缝补。 Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving (to be improved).我们老师说这种学习方法需要改进。 These babies require taking good care of(to be taken good care of).这些婴儿需要悉心照料。 3.动名词的否定形式的表达方式 动名词的否定形式由“not+动名词”构成。 I regret not having worked hard at school.我后悔上学时没有努力学习。 突破3分词 分词是非谓语动词中的一种形式，分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它在句中可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。现在分词具有主动和进行的意味，而过去分词具有被动和完成的意味。 1.分词作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征或性质，如astonishing(令人惊讶的)、disappointing(令人失望的)、exciting(令人激动的)，amusing(逗人发笑的)、frightening(令人恐惧的)、interesting(有趣的)、surprising (令人惊讶的)、relaxing(令人放松的)、shocking(令人震惊的)。过去分词作表语多表示主语的状态，如astonished(感到惊讶的)、disappointed(感到失望的)、excited(激动的)、amused(觉得好笑的)、frightened(害怕的)、interested(感兴趣的)、surprised(感到惊讶的)、relaxed(放松的)、shocked(震惊的)。 The trip was disappointing.这次旅行令人失望。 We were disappointed at the trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。 This story is interesting.这个故事有趣。 I am interested in this story.我对这个故事感兴趣。 2.分词作宾语补足语 (1)分词作宾语补足语时，要注意宾语补足语与宾语之间的主动或被动的关系。 He's going to have his hair cut.他将要去理发。 I must get my bike repaired.我得去修理我的自行车。 (2)有些动词后接分词作宾语补足语，在这种结构中宾语通常才是分词所表示的动作的发出者。常见的这类动词有see、feel、watch、make、let、hear、have等。 I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃声在响。 We saw three old men sharing their food with each other.我们看到三位老人正相互分享他们的食物。 3.分词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语时表示主动和正在进行，过去分词作定语时表示被动和完成。分词的完成式一般不作定语。 We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到冉冉升起的太阳。 He is a retired worker.他是一位退休工人。 (2)分词作定语相当于定语从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. =Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.被邀请到这个聚会上的人大部分都是著名的科学家。 (3)单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词短语、个别分词(如given/left)、修饰不定代词等的分词作定语应后置。 I have got a running nose.我流鼻涕了。 He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.他只给了我一个破的玻璃杯，所以我很生他的气。 The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“ Stop the thief!”追小偷的妇女大喊：“捉小偷！” Yesterday I met a man called Mr Black.昨天我遇见了一个叫布莱克先生的人。 There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩正坐在那里。 The food left was packed and taken home.剩下的食物被打包带回家了。 4.分词作状语 分词在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、伴随等状语。 She came into the classroom, holding several books in her hand,她走进教室，手上拿着几本书。 Having finished his homework, he went to sleep.他做完作业就去睡觉了。 The boss entered the meeting room, followed by his assistant.老板走进了会议室，后面跟着他的助理。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．—What do you think of the book ________ by Lao She? —I think I have never read a ________ one. A．was written; funny B．written; funnier C．was written; funnier 2．On Monday afternoon, Mr. Li was driving along the road. Suddenly, he saw a plane ________ into the mountains. He could hardly believe his eyes. A．drop B．to drop C．dropped 3．We expect volunteers who are willing to devote time _________ our community environment. A．to improve B．to improving C．to accept D．to accepting 4．—I want to have my bike ________. —Let us get the man over there ________ you. A．repair; to help B．repairing; help C．repaired; to help D．to repair; helps 5．We know that the desk 　　　　 wood and I like to use the desk 　　　　 wood. A．is made of; made of B．made of; is made of C．made of; made of D．is made of; is made of 6．Mr Wu spent as much time as he could ________ his work and at last the project he devoted himself  ________ a big award. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to winning D．doing; to won 7．There were so many colourful dresses in the shop for women. I couldn’t decide ________. A．to buy which B．which to buy one C．which one to buy D．to buy which one 8．Boys and girls, here are some tips that you should pay attention to _______ careless mistakes. A．avoid B．avoiding C．to avoid 9．With a lot of housework ________ this Saturday, I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you. A．done B．to do C．doing D．to be done 10．She already knows ________ this afternoon. A．how to do B．what she can do it C．what to do D．to do 11．—What film did you see? —I saw a film ______ Coming Home(《归来》). A．called B．calling C．to call D．call 12．— Do you know that there are not many cranes ________ in the world? — Yes, I do. And 40 per cent of them ________ in Zhalong. A．leave; live B．leaving; lives C．left ; lives D．left ; live 13．In the past he often made his sister , but now he is often made by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．cry; to cry D．to cry; cry 14．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ________. A．heard B．to hear C．hear 15．________ against the COVID-19, people should avoid going to public places which are full of people and ________ together with relatives and friends. A．Fighting; get B．To fight; getting C．Fight; getting 16．A: Why did you go back to the shop? B: I left my friends ________ there. A．to wait B．waiting C．wait D．waited 17．This action movie ________ Transformers is very ________. I have never seen a worse one. A．is named; tired B．named; tiring C．is named; exciting D．named; exciting 18．Would you like ___________ a movie with me today？（　　） A．to see B．see C．sees D．to seeing 19．—Do you know Neil Armstrong? —Yes, he is the first man ____ on the moon. A．walk B．walks C．to walk D．walked 20．Which do you enjoy___________your holiday, travelling abroad or staying at home? A．to spend B．spending C．to be spent D．spend 二、语法填空 1．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. 2．China is the first developing country (send) the man-made spaceship into the space. 3．You can’t avoid   (make) mistakes in language learning. 4．Every worker looks forward to (have) a good boss who is kind to them. 5．Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots. 6．The house (build) there soon will be a library for the workers. 7．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species. 8．The activities include dragon boat races and (eat) rice dumplings. 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 10．You have to be very fit and strong (do) “hard” martial arts. 11．It is not until he encounters Bridgitte Lin who takes the role of a mysterious woman that he realizes sometimes love leaves without (say) proper goodbye. 12． (become)an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure. 13．Once, he dreamed of （get）on board a spacecraft and arriving in the moon. 14．With their interest greatly sparked, I began to teach them how (make) Chinese tea. 15．To get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours (study) and practicing. 【能力提升】 一、完形填空 This morning, when 1 shaved in the mirror. I found my body was growing older. There was no doubt about it My 1 which used to be brown with a touch of gray was now gray with a touch of brown. There was even so 2 hair left on the top of the head. My forehead wrinkles appeared when I smiled I thought about letting my 3 grow for a second but I didn't really want to look like Father Christmas. When 1 stepped back. I could see I had become 4 as well. It's because while my metabolism (新陈代谢)had 5 ，my eating hadn't. My muscles were painful and my body was also 6 , However, the work must go on. 7 was my deepest love. An article in my 8 seemed to be formed I was thinking of writing the words down in case 1 would 9 them when 1 came into my study. When I looked in the mirror again. I 10 and felt a joy in my heart. 1 thought that no matter how old I looked my soul was forever 11 . The truth is while I have been gradually growing older on the outside, 1 have been for a while. growing younger on the inside. I can remember how serious, 12 _ and worried I was in my twenties and thirties. I often felt the burden of life was 13 heavy. But now at fifty, my heart feels 14 and my days look brighter. 1 have more faith and less fear. In the end. all of our bodies will 15 and die. but our soul won’t. 1．A．hair B．skin C．eyes D．hands 2．A．thick B．beautiful C．little D．black 3．A．beard B．crops C．body D．kids 4．A．smaller B．stronger C．healthier D．fatter 5．A．made up B．slowed down C．left off D．came round 6．A．relaxed B．athletic C．clean D．weak 7．A．Listening B．Speaking C．Writing D．Reading 8．A．book B．note C．mind D．mouth 9．A．recognize B．control C．replace D．forget 10．A．smiled B．shouted C．waved D．appeared 11．A．low B．lonely C．young D．bright 12．A．pleased B．stressed C．amazed D．excited 13．A．extremely B．hardly C．impossibly D．uncertainly 14．A．politer B．lighter C．heavier D．prouder 15．A．come in B．give in C．break out D．wear out 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A There is 16 lovely panda. She lives with her parents and they lead a happy life in the forest. One day the panda 17 (pick) a huge pumpkin and wanted to take it home. But the pumpkin was too big for her 18 (take) it home on her own. She could do nothing but sit beside the pumpkin. She thought 19 if she waited there, she might turn to a passer­by for help. Suddenly, she saw a bear 20 (ride) a bike towards her. She watched the bike and suddenly, she jumped and shouted 21 (happy), “I know! I have a good idea—I can roll (滚动) the pumpkin. It’s just like a wheel!” Therefore, she rolled the pumpkin to 22 (she)  house. When her mother saw the big pumpkin, which was 23 (big) than her little daughter, she was 24 (surprise), “Oh, my God! How can you get it home?” The little panda answered proudly, “I can’t lift it, but I can roll it.” Her mother smiled and said, “ 25 a clever girl you are!” B As we all know, festivals 26 (celebrate) all around the world and they have 27 wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Of all the 28 (tradition) festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. People celebrate to show that they are grateful 29 the year’s supply of food. 30 (actual), customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the 31 (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. Today, festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with more and more businesses 32 (add) to the celebrations. And this brings 33 (we) a lot of benefits. Festivals are an important part of society, 34 reflect people’s wishes, faiths, beliefs, and attitudes towards life. And if you study festival s carefully, you may be surprised 35 (find) that different cultures have a lot in common after all. ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题4：非谓语动词（解析版） 【课前小测】 单项选择 1．Parents always expect their children ________ a joyful life. A．lead B．leading C．to lead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：父母总是期望他们的孩子过上快乐的生活。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to. do sth.期望某人做某事。故选C。 2．________ safe, people should wear helmets when riding e-bikes. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To keeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了安全起见，人们骑电动自行车时应该戴头盔。 考查动词不定式。此空格处位于句首，是动词不定式作目的状语，应用To keep。故选B。 3．I have a bad cold. I don’t feel like ________ anything. A．to eat B．eating C．eat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我得了重感冒。我什么都不想吃。 考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 4．Alice prefers _______ to________. So she wants to join the dancing club. A．dancing; singing B．dance; singing C．dancing; sing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Alice 喜欢跳舞多于唱歌，因此她想加入舞蹈俱乐部。 考查非谓语动词。prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 意为“比起做某事更喜欢做某事”，空处用动词动名词形式作宾语。故选A。 5．_______ for two hours is a good way to relax. A．Laughing B．Laugh C．Laughs 【答案】A 【详解】句意：笑两个小时是放松的好方法。 考查非谓语动词。根据“for two hours is a good way to relax.”可知，设空处缺主语，应填动名词。故选A。 6．Our teachers don’t allow us ________ soccer on the street. It’s dangerous. A．play B．playing C．not to play D．to play 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的老师不允许我们在街上踢足球。这是危险的。 考查动词不定式的用法。根据“It’s dangerous.”可知，不允许我们在街上踢足球， allow sb. to do sth“允许某人做某事”。故选D。 7．The girl is supposed ________ sorry to her brother because it’s her fault. A．said B．say C．to say 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个女孩应该向她哥哥道歉，因为这是她的错。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The girl is supposed”可知，考查be supposed to do“应该做某事”，因此设空处填不定式。故选C。 8．—Mary can’t help _________ the house. Why? —Because she is busy _________ a model plane. A．cleaning; to make B．cleaning; making C．to clean; making D．to clean; to make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玛丽不能帮忙打扫房子。为什么？ ——因为她正忙着做飞机模型。 考查非谓语动词。clean打扫，动词；make制作，动词。第一空，根据“Mary can’t help … the house. Why?”可知，此处是指玛丽不能帮助打扫房间，考查help to do sth.“帮助做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语，排除A和B；第二空，根据“… is busy”可知，此处考查be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，应用动名词作宾语，排除D。故选C。 9．In order ________ for the meeting, my sister had to get up early this morning. A．not to be late B．not being late C．to be late 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了开会不迟到，我姐姐今天早上不得不起得很早。 考查动词不定式。in order (not) to表目的，后接动词原形，意为“为了（不）做某事”。根据“my sister had to get up early this morning”可知是为了开会不迟到。故选A。 10．There is ________ with my computer. I will ask my uncle _________ it this afternoon. A．wrong something, to fix B．something wrong, fixing C．something wrong, to fix D．wrong something, fixing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的电脑有些问题。今天下午我会让我的叔叔修一修电脑。 考查不定代词用法和非谓语动词。形容词修饰不定代词时要位于不定代词的后面，排除A、D两项；ask sb. to do sth.是固定句型，表示“要求某人做某事”，排除B项。故选C。 11．I used to ______ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ______ at seven. A．get up; get up B．get up; getting up C．got up; getting up D．got up; get up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过去常常六点半起床，但现在我正习惯七点起床。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。get up“起床”，动词短语；根据used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”可知，第一空应用get up；再根据get used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”可知，第二空应用getting up。故选B。 12．We should do our best ________ animals from ________. A．stop; hurt B．stop; hurting C．to stop; hurt D．to stop; hurting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们最大的努力阻止动物受到伤害。 考查非谓语动词。第一个空作目的状语，应填不定式；结合stop…from doing“阻止……做某事”可知，第二个空填动名词。故选D。 13．Look! There are some girls ________ in the music hall. A．to sing B．singing C．sing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看！音乐厅里有一些女孩在唱歌。 考查现在分词作定语。根据固定句型there be sb. doing sth“有某人正在做某事”，其中句中的“singing in the music hall”作后置定语，修饰名词“girls”。故选B。 14．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need _______. A．that…to be improved B．which…to be improved C．where…improving D．when…improving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：私家车的普及带来了一个新问题，那就是路况需要改善。 考查同位语从句以及动词不定式的被动式。根据“There is a new problem...road conditions need...”可知新问题是路况需要改善，故此处是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，用that引导同位语从句；主语road conditions和improve之间是被动关系，故此处用结构need to be done。故选A。 15．I consider this is the very work that we have to finish ________ her. A．helping B．to help C．help 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为这正是我们必须完成的工作来帮助她。 考查非谓语动词。helping动名词；to help动词不定式；句中空格处填的动词help并不是finish的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that we have to finish是修饰名词the very work的定语从句，finish的宾语the very work，空处应用不定式表目的。故选B。 16．________ with his, the list you ________ didn’t meet my standards. A．Comparison, were made B．Comparison, had made C．Compared, were made D．Compared, had made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：与他的相比，你列出的清单不符合我的标准。 考查非谓语动词和时态。in comparison with“与……相比较”，固定短语；compared with“和……比起来，与……相比较”。由“with his”可知空格处填Compared，排除A和B。第二个空格处是定语从句，修饰the list，“列清单”的动作发生在“满足”之前，用过去完成时had made。故选D。 17．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个科学家花费三天的时间在书房里，考虑这个问题。 考查过去分词用法。locking为现在分词；locked为过去分词；to lock为动词不定式；locks为单三形式。“locked in the study”作后置定语，修饰“three days”，指三天时间是被关在书房里。故选B。 【知识对接】 接点 非谓语动词的形式、构成及功能 形式 构成 功能 主动语态 被动语态 否定式 复合结构 动词不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非 谓语 动词 前加 not for sb to do sth 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb's doing 具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语 分词 现在 分词 doing having done being done having been done - 具有副词和形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语 过去 分词 - done 【难点突破】 突破1动词不定式 1.动词不定式作主语 (1)当动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。 To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。 To help animals is to help people.帮助动物就是帮助人类。 (2)当动词不定式在句中作主语时，通常使用it作形式主语，而将作为真正主语的动词不定式或动词不定式短语后置，以使句子保持平衡。 It's so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真好。 It is not difficult to work out the problem.解决这个问题并不困难。 (3)在“It's+形容词＋for sb to do sth”和“It's+形容词＋of sb to do sth”句型中，表语形容词性质的不同决定了用for还是of. ①前一个句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征或客观形式的形容词，如easy(容易的)、hard(艰难的)、difficult(困难的)、interesting(有趣的)、impossible(不可能的)等。 It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学习两种语言是很难的。 ②后一个句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智或表示情感、态度的形容词，如good(好的)、kind(友好的)、nice(好的)、clever(聪明的)、foolish(愚蠢的)、right(正确的)等。 It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我真是太好了。 2.动词不定式作宾语 (1)常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有ask(要求)、agree(同意)、beg(乞求)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、fail(失败)、hesitate(犹豫)、afford(支付得起)、hope(希望)、learn(学习)、long(渴望)、offer(主动提出)、pretend(假装)、plan(计划)、prepare(准备)、promise(承诺)、refuse(拒绝)、want(想要)、wish(希望)等。 We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一些肢体语言。 She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。 No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人买得起如此昂贵的套装。 (2)当宾语是动词不定式时，如果其后有宾语 补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即“主语＋谓语＋it+宾语补足语＋动词不定式”。常见的用于此结构的谓语动词有think(认为)、make(让)、feel(感觉)、find(发现；认为)等。 He found it very important to study the situation in this country.他认为研究这个国家的形势很重要。 3.动词不定式作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 (1)常见的以带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask(要求)、allow(允许)、warn(警告)、tell(告诉)、invite(邀请)、force(迫使)、wish(希望)、want(想要)、expect(期望)、encourage(鼓励)、advise(建议)、persuade(说服)、permit(允许)、request(要求)、order(命令)等。 Do you want me to help you? 你想要我帮忙吗？ Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩。 (2)常见的以不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有see(看到)、hear(听到)、watch(看到)、notice(注意)、observe(观察)、feel(感觉)、let(让)、have(让)、make(让)等。但是这类句子变为被动句时，不定式符号to仍保留。 I saw him dance. = He was seen to dance by me,我看见他跳舞。 The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让他们整夜干活。 4.动词不定式作表语 动词不定式可以放在be动词的后面作表语。 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。 Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗？ 6.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式通常在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 (1)作目的状语 常用结构为 to do, in order to do、so as to do、so,,, as to...等。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here to say goodbye to you.我来这儿是为了向你告别。 (2)作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。 I awoke to find my box gone.我醒来发现我的盒子不见了。 He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间，结果什么都没发现。 (3)作原因状语 I'm glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。 She cried to see the sight.她一看到这情形就哭了。 7.动词不定式与疑问词连用 “疑问词＋动词不定式”结构在句中作宾语或主语。疑问词一般是what、who、whom、where、how、whether、why、which. Would you like to teach us how to drive a car?你愿意教我们如何开车吗？ Let me tell you what to do now,让我来告诉你现在该做什么。 8.动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是直接在动词不定式前加否定词not.另外，否定词never也可以构成动词不定式的否定形式。 Tell him not to shut the window.告诉他别关窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我路过的时候，她假装没看见我。 突破2 动名词 1.动名词作主语 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别：一般来说，动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为，尤其强调多次性的动作；动词不定式表示具体的，某一次的行为，特别是将来的行为。 Checking information is very important.核实信息是非常重要的。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。 2.动名词作宾语 (1)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，不能用动词不定式作宾语，如admit(承认)、advise(建议)、avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、delay(推迟)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、miss(错过)、practice(练习)、enjoy(喜欢)、resist(反抗)、risk(冒险)、appreciate(欣赏)、imagine(想象)。 He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天看完了这本书。 Have you considered looking for one special friend?你是否考虑过找一位特别的朋友呢？ (2)动名词作介词宾语的用法。 有些动词短语后接动名词作宾语，如be used to(习惯于)、depend on(取决于)、feel like(想要)、be fond of(喜欢)、be proud of(以······自豪)、put off(推迟)、give up(放弃)、devote oneself to(致力于)、be busy in(忙于)、be afraid of(害怕)、apologize for(为······道歉)。 I don't feel like walking too much today.今天我不想走太多的路。 【注意】动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如have difficulty(in)doing sth(做某事有困难)，have trouble(in)doing sth(做某事有困难)，prevent/stop sb(from) doing sth(阻止某人做某事)、there is no use(in) doing sth(做某事没有用)。 I have difficulty(in) pronouncing some English words.我在某些英语单词的发音上有困难。 We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须阻止他们再犯同样的错误。 (3)有些动词既可用动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语，两者有着截然不同的意义。 ①like(喜欢)、love(爱)、prefer(更喜欢)、hate(讨厌)等表示喜爱、厌恶、偏好的动词，后跟动词不定式表示“仅一时的爱憎情感或特定、具体的某次行为”；后跟动名词表示“抽象性的一种倾向、爱好或习惯性的动作”。 I don't like to read this novel.我不喜欢看这部小说。 I don't like reading in bed.我不喜欢在床上看书。 I prefer to work rather than sit idly.我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐着。 【注意】这些词前面有 would、should 时，后面都只跟动词不定式。 Would you like to dine out? 你愿意在外面吃饭吗？ ②remember(记得)、forget(忘记)、stop(停止)、go on(继续)、mean(意味着；打算)、try(尝试；努力)、regret(后悔)、can't help(禁不住)等动词或动词短语后既能接动词不定式又能接动名词，但表达的意思却不同。 •remember 后接动词不定式表示“记得要去做某事”；后接动名词表示“记得做过某事”。 Remember to go to the post office after school.记得放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before?难道你不记得以前见过那个人吗？ •forget后接动词不定式表示“忘记要去做某事”；后接动名词表示“忘记做过某事”。 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着。他忘记关了。 He forgot turning the light off.他忘记已经关了灯了。 •stop后接动词不定式表示“停下来做另一件事”；后接动名词表示“停止正在做的事”。 They stop to smoke.他们停下来去抽烟。 I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟。 •try后接动词不定式表示“设法去做某事”；后接动名词表示“试着做某事”。 You must try to be more careful.你必须多加小心。 I tried cooking but didn't succeed.我试着做饭，但没有做成。 •mean后接动词不定式表示“打算做某事”；后接动名词表示“意味着做某事”。 I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office,我打算昨天告诉你的，但是你不在办公室。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour,错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时。 •can't help后接动词不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”；后接动名词表示“禁不住／忍不住做某事”。 We couldn't help to finish it.我们不能帮助完成这件事。 She couldn't help smiling.她禁不住笑了起来。 (4)动词need(需要)、require(要求)以及be worth(值得)之后的动名词常用主动语态表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式。 His clothes need mending(to be mended).他的衣服需要缝补。 Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving (to be improved).我们老师说这种学习方法需要改进。 These babies require taking good care of(to be taken good care of).这些婴儿需要悉心照料。 3.动名词的否定形式的表达方式 动名词的否定形式由“not+动名词”构成。 I regret not having worked hard at school.我后悔上学时没有努力学习。 突破3分词 分词是非谓语动词中的一种形式，分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它在句中可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。现在分词具有主动和进行的意味，而过去分词具有被动和完成的意味。 1.分词作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征或性质，如astonishing(令人惊讶的)、disappointing(令人失望的)、exciting(令人激动的)，amusing(逗人发笑的)、frightening(令人恐惧的)、interesting(有趣的)、surprising (令人惊讶的)、relaxing(令人放松的)、shocking(令人震惊的)。过去分词作表语多表示主语的状态，如astonished(感到惊讶的)、disappointed(感到失望的)、excited(激动的)、amused(觉得好笑的)、frightened(害怕的)、interested(感兴趣的)、surprised(感到惊讶的)、relaxed(放松的)、shocked(震惊的)。 The trip was disappointing.这次旅行令人失望。 We were disappointed at the trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。 This story is interesting.这个故事有趣。 I am interested in this story.我对这个故事感兴趣。 2.分词作宾语补足语 (1)分词作宾语补足语时，要注意宾语补足语与宾语之间的主动或被动的关系。 He's going to have his hair cut.他将要去理发。 I must get my bike repaired.我得去修理我的自行车。 (2)有些动词后接分词作宾语补足语，在这种结构中宾语通常才是分词所表示的动作的发出者。常见的这类动词有see、feel、watch、make、let、hear、have等。 I heard a bell ringing.我听见铃声在响。 We saw three old men sharing their food with each other.我们看到三位老人正相互分享他们的食物。 3.分词作定语 (1)现在分词作定语时表示主动和正在进行，过去分词作定语时表示被动和完成。分词的完成式一般不作定语。 We can see the rising sun.我们可以看到冉冉升起的太阳。 He is a retired worker.他是一位退休工人。 (2)分词作定语相当于定语从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. =Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.被邀请到这个聚会上的人大部分都是著名的科学家。 (3)单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词短语、个别分词(如given/left)、修饰不定代词等的分词作定语应后置。 I have got a running nose.我流鼻涕了。 He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.他只给了我一个破的玻璃杯，所以我很生他的气。 The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“ Stop the thief!”追小偷的妇女大喊：“捉小偷！” Yesterday I met a man called Mr Black.昨天我遇见了一个叫布莱克先生的人。 There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩正坐在那里。 The food left was packed and taken home.剩下的食物被打包带回家了。 4.分词作状语 分词在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、伴随等状语。 She came into the classroom, holding several books in her hand,她走进教室，手上拿着几本书。 Having finished his homework, he went to sleep.他做完作业就去睡觉了。 The boss entered the meeting room, followed by his assistant.老板走进了会议室，后面跟着他的助理。 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．—What do you think of the book ________ by Lao She? —I think I have never read a ________ one. A．was written; funny B．written; funnier C．was written; funnier 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你认为老舍写的这本书怎么样？——我认为我从没看过这么有趣的书。 考查过去分词用法和比较级用法。book是write的承受者，用过去分词作后置定语；回答中否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级。故选B。 2．On Monday afternoon, Mr. Li was driving along the road. Suddenly, he saw a plane ________ into the mountains. He could hardly believe his eyes. A．drop B．to drop C．dropped 【答案】A 【详解】句意：星期一下午，李先生正在路上开车。突然，他看到一架飞机坠入山区。他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 考查非谓语动词。drop掉落，动词原形；to drop掉落，动词不定式；dropped掉落，动词过去式或者过去分词。根题空前“saw”是感官动词，后可接省略to的不定式和动词-ing作宾补，变为被动语态时，要还原to；不定式表示“某人做了某事或经常做某事”，强调动作的全过程；动词-ing则表示“某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。根据“he saw a plane...into the mountains.”可知，此处表示李先生看到飞机坠入山丘，表明看到整个过程。故选A。 3．We expect volunteers who are willing to devote time _________ our community environment. A．to improve B．to improving C．to accept D．to accepting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们希望乐意花费时间的志愿者来改善我们的社区环境。 考查动词辨析。improve提高，改善；accept接受。根据“We expect volunteers who are willing to devote time...our community environment.”可知此处是指改善环境，improve符合。本题中“who are willing to devote time”为定语从句修饰前面的“volunteers”，主句搭配为expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”。故选A。 4．—I want to have my bike ________. —Let us get the man over there ________ you. A．repair; to help B．repairing; help C．repaired; to help D．to repair; helps 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想请人修理我的自行车。  ——让那边那个人来帮你吧。 考查非谓语动词。bike与动词repair之间是被动关系，用have sth done表示“让某物被做”，故第一空填repaired，排除ABD选项，故选C。 5．We know that the desk 　　　　 wood and I like to use the desk 　　　　 wood. A．is made of; made of B．made of; is made of C．made of; made of D．is made of; is made of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们知道桌子是用木头做的，我喜欢用木头做的桌子。 考查固定短语辨析。make“制作”，be made of由……制成的，用于原材料显而易见的场合，分析句子结构，整句是and连接的并列复合句，前半句是宾语从句，从句是主系表结构，需用be made of表示“由……制成的”；后半句主谓宾结构完整，用过去分词made作后置定语。故选A。 6．Mr Wu spent as much time as he could ________ his work and at last the project he devoted himself  ________ a big award. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to winning D．doing; to won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吴先生花费尽可能多的时间做他的工作，最后他专心投入的那个项目赢得了一个大奖。 考查非谓语动词。do做；win赢得；spend time doing sth花费时间做某事，因此第一空用动名词doing作宾语；分析句子结构，此处缺少谓语，根据spent可知，第二空用一般过去时，故填won。故选D。 7．There were so many colourful dresses in the shop for women. I couldn’t decide ________. A．to buy which B．which to buy one C．which one to buy D．to buy which one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：商店里有很多五颜六色的女装。我不知道买哪一件。 考查动词不定式。特殊疑问词后跟to do；而which哪个，限定词，所以which后应加one。故选C。 8．Boys and girls, here are some tips that you should pay attention to _______ careless mistakes. A．avoid B．avoiding C．to avoid 【答案】C 【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，这里有一些你应该注意避免粗心错误的提示。 考查非谓语动词。“that you should pay attention to …… careless mistakes.”在句中为定语从句修饰先行词“tips”，先行词放回定从之中为“you should pay attention to some tips to avoid careless mistakes”，空格处用不定式作目的状语。故选C。 9．With a lot of housework ________ this Saturday, I’m afraid I can’t go shopping with you. A．done B．to do C．doing D．to be done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个星期六有很多家务要做，恐怕我不能和你一起去购物了。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处的 a lot of housework与do之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用动词-ing形式或动词不定式。此处用不定式结构主动表被动。故选B。 10．She already knows ________ this afternoon. A．how to do B．what she can do it C．what to do D．to do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她已经知道今天下午该做什么了。 考查疑问词+动词不定式。“knows”后缺少宾语；how是关系副词，不能在从句中作成分，所以A选项后缺宾语；what是关系代词，在从句中作成分，所以B选项do后多了宾语it；D选项缺从句引导词；“特殊疑问词+to do”相当于一个宾语从句，故选C。 11．—What film did you see? —I saw a film ______ Coming Home(《归来》). A．called B．calling C．to call D．call 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看了什么电影？——我看了一部名字叫《归来》的电影。 考查非谓语动词。根据“a film ... Coming Home”可推出是一部名字叫《归来》的电影，a film与动词call之间是动宾关系，用call的过去分词called作后置定语。故选A。 12．— Do you know that there are not many cranes ________ in the world? — Yes, I do. And 40 per cent of them ________ in Zhalong. A．leave; live B．leaving; lives C．left ; lives D．left ; live 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道世界上剩下的鹤不多了吗？——是的，我知道。其中40%住在扎龙。 考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词成分，此处of后是them，表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数，第二空用live，故排除B、C；又因为“cranes”和动词“leave”之间是动宾关系，所以第一空用过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 13．In the past he often made his sister , but now he is often made by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．cry; to cry D．to cry; cry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他以前经常惹他的妹妹哭，但是现在他经常被他的妹妹惹哭。题干中动词make常常用不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，构成短语make sb. do（让某人做…），改写成被动语态时必须补充to，构成be made to do；第一空是“他使得他妹妹哭”，所以用cry；第二空是“他被妹妹惹哭了”，属于被动语态，所以用to cry，因此答案选择C。 14．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ________. A．heard B．to hear C．hear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师提高了声音以便让别人听到自己。 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，这是make sth done“使某物被……”，所以这里用动词hear“听到”的过去分词heard表示“使自己被别人听到”，故选A。 15．________ against the COVID-19, people should avoid going to public places which are full of people and ________ together with relatives and friends. A．Fighting; get B．To fight; getting C．Fight; getting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了对抗新型冠状病毒，人们应该避免去人多的公共场所和亲友聚会。 考查非谓语。Fighting斗争，现在分词或者动名词形式；To fight斗争，动词不定式；Fight斗争，动词原形；get得到，动词原形；getting得到，现在分词或者动名词形式；根据句意理解可知，第一空表达的是“为了与冠状病毒做斗争”，英语中能够表示目的的是动词不定式，在句中做目的状语，所以根据第一空可以排除A/ C选项，而第二空是与前面的avoid going to public places构成并列关系，表达的是“避免做某事”，所以这里也用doing形式，故选B。 16．A: Why did you go back to the shop? B: I left my friends ________ there. A．to wait B．waiting C．wait D．waited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么回商店？——我让我的朋友们在那里等着。 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。to wait等待，wait的动词不定式形式；waiting等待，wait的ing形式；wait等待；waited等待，wait的过去式。句子说的是：我让我的朋友在那里等着。这里考查的是leave作使役动词，表示“使/ 让……保持某种状态”，句中的my friend和wait是主动关系，所以用现在分词做宾语补足语，所以空格上要填waiting。故选B。 17．This action movie ________ Transformers is very ________. I have never seen a worse one. A．is named; tired B．named; tiring C．is named; exciting D．named; exciting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部名为《变形金刚》的动作片让人感觉很疲惫。我从没见过比这更糟的。 考查非谓语和分词形容词。is named被命名为，一般现在时的被动语态；named被命名为，过去式或过去分词；tired感到疲惫的，修饰人；tiring令人劳累的，修饰物；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，句中已经有谓语is，所以这里第一空应该用非谓语，且空格在句中修饰movie，与name之间是被动关系，所以这里直接用过去分词即可，所以排除A/ C选项，而由后句I have never seen a worse one.可知，这里表达的应该是这部电影不好，所以应该用tiring，故选B。 18．Would you like ___________ a movie with me today？（　　） A．to see B．see C．sees D．to seeing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你今天想和我一起看电影吗？ 考查非谓语。to see看，动词不定式；see看，动词原形；sees看，动词三单；to seeing看，介词+动词ing形式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“想做某事”，英语是would like to do sth，所以空格处应该填see的动词不定式形式to see的形式，在句中做宾语，故选A。 19．—Do you know Neil Armstrong? —Yes, he is the first man ____ on the moon. A．walk B．walks C．to walk D．walked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道尼尔阿姆斯特朗吗？——知道，他是第一个漫步月球的人。 考查不定式作定语。walk走路，动词原形；walks走路，动词三单；to walk走路，动词不定式；walked走路，动词过去式或过去分词；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“第一个做某事的……”，英语表达为the first to do sth，在句中动词不定式to walk作定语修饰the first man，故选C。 20．Which do you enjoy___________your holiday, travelling abroad or staying at home? A．to spend B．spending C．to be spent D．spend 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你喜欢怎样度过假期，出国旅行还是留在家中？ 考查不定式用法。to spend 不定式；spending 动名词或分词；to be spent 不定式的被动；spend 动词原形。根据句意可知此处缺一个目的状语，又句中不含被动，A为正确答案。故选A。 【点睛】同学们在做非谓语的题目时一定要注意成分判断。此题极易受enjoy后接动名词形式的干扰，从而错选B。其实，enjoy的宾语是which，即在going abroad与staying at home中作出选择；to spend your holiday是作目的状语的，故选A。 二、语法填空 1．As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. 【答案】making/having made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个男人，你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为：承认做（过）某事，空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语，动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。 2．China is the first developing country (send) the man-made spaceship into the space. 【答案】to send 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：中国是第一个将人造宇宙飞船送入太空的发展中国家。空处需要动词不定式作定语修饰“the first developing country”。当名词前面有序数词修饰时，需要用动词不定式作定语。故填to send。 3．You can’t avoid   (make) mistakes in language learning. 【答案】making 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在语言学习中，你无法避免犯错误。avoid是动词，意思是“避免”，后面通常跟动名词形式作宾语，即avoid doing something，表示“避免做某事”。故答案填making。 4．Every worker looks forward to (have) a good boss who is kind to them. 【答案】having 【详解】考查动名词。句意：每个工人都希望有一个对他们友善的好老板。分析可知，“look forward to doing…”，固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，“to”为介词，动名词作宾语。故填having。 5．Still, practical problems remain (solve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots. 【答案】to be solved 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：尽管如此，实际问题仍有待解决，比如确保出行安全，因为许多出租车将在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。remain是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，由“such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots”可知，句子表示“实际问题仍有待解决”，空格处用不定式表将来，且问题是被解决，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be solved。故填to be solved。 6．The house (build) there soon will be a library for the workers. 【答案】to be built 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：那里即将建成的房子将成为工人们的图书馆。句中谓语是will be，空格处用非谓语动词，房子是被修建，由soon will be可知，房子是将来被修建，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be built，表示将来的被动的动作。故填to be built。 7．These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species. 【答案】causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题，导致鱼类数量减少。led为谓语，逗号后无连词，空处用非谓语动词作状语，逗号前面的内容自然而然导致了后文的结果，为主动关系，用现在分词。故填causing。 8．The activities include dragon boat races and (eat) rice dumplings. 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：活动包括龙舟比赛和吃粽子。分析句子结构可知, include doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“包括做某事”，设空处用动名词作宾语。故填 eating。 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 10．You have to be very fit and strong (do) “hard” martial arts. 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你必须非常健康和强壮才能练“硬”武术。be+adj.+to do sth.为固定结构，空处缺少不定式作状语。故填to do。 11．It is not until he encounters Bridgitte Lin who takes the role of a mysterious woman that he realizes sometimes love leaves without (say) proper goodbye. 【答案】saying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：直到他遇到林青霞饰演的神秘女子，他才意识到有时候爱会在没有正式道别的情况下悄然离去。介词without后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填saying。 12． (become)an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure. 【答案】To become 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了成为宇航员，你必须经过严格的选拔程序。分析句子可知，用不定式作目的状语，故填To become。 13．Once, he dreamed of （get）on board a spacecraft and arriving in the moon. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：曾经，他梦想着登上宇宙飞船，到达月球。dream of doing...“梦想着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填getting。 14．With their interest greatly sparked, I began to teach them how (make) Chinese tea. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查疑问词+动词不定式。句意：他们的兴趣被极大地激发了，我开始教他们如何泡茶。分析句子可知，此处为特殊疑问词how后接动词不定式to do，构成how to do“如何去做”，满足句意要求。故填to make。 15．To get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours (study) and practicing. 【答案】studying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：要想真正擅长某件事，一个人需要花费至少10000个小时的学习和练习。固定短语spend time (in) doing sth：花费时间做某事，故填studying。 【能力提升】 一、完形填空 This morning, when 1 shaved in the mirror. I found my body was growing older. There was no doubt about it My 1 which used to be brown with a touch of gray was now gray with a touch of brown. There was even so 2 hair left on the top of the head. My forehead wrinkles appeared when I smiled I thought about letting my 3 grow for a second but I didn't really want to look like Father Christmas. When 1 stepped back. I could see I had become 4 as well. It's because while my metabolism (新陈代谢)had 5 ，my eating hadn't. My muscles were painful and my body was also 6 , However, the work must go on. 7 was my deepest love. An article in my 8 seemed to be formed I was thinking of writing the words down in case 1 would 9 them when 1 came into my study. When I looked in the mirror again. I 10 and felt a joy in my heart. 1 thought that no matter how old I looked my soul was forever 11 . The truth is while I have been gradually growing older on the outside, 1 have been for a while. growing younger on the inside. I can remember how serious, 12 _ and worried I was in my twenties and thirties. I often felt the burden of life was 13 heavy. But now at fifty, my heart feels 14 and my days look brighter. 1 have more faith and less fear. In the end. all of our bodies will 15 and die. but our soul won’t. 1．A．hair B．skin C．eyes D．hands 2．A．thick B．beautiful C．little D．black 3．A．beard B．crops C．body D．kids 4．A．smaller B．stronger C．healthier D．fatter 5．A．made up B．slowed down C．left off D．came round 6．A．relaxed B．athletic C．clean D．weak 7．A．Listening B．Speaking C．Writing D．Reading 8．A．book B．note C．mind D．mouth 9．A．recognize B．control C．replace D．forget 10．A．smiled B．shouted C．waved D．appeared 11．A．low B．lonely C．young D．bright 12．A．pleased B．stressed C．amazed D．excited 13．A．extremely B．hardly C．impossibly D．uncertainly 14．A．politer B．lighter C．heavier D．prouder 15．A．come in B．give in C．break out D．wear out 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．D 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者有一日刮胡子时对着镜子发现自己老了，后来工作之余心情变好再次照镜子时又有了新的感慨。我们每个人的身体最终都会消耗殆尽，但是灵魂不会。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的头发过去是棕色带一点灰色，现在是灰色带一点棕色。A. hair头发；B. skin皮肤；C. eyes眼睛；D. hands手。根据后文“hair left on the top of the head”可判断，此处指的是头发，故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：甚至头顶上剩下的头发也很少了。A. thick 厚的；B. beautiful 美丽的；C. little 少的；D. black 黑的。根据上文“which used to be brown with a touch of gray was now gray with a touch of brown(以前是棕色加一点灰色，现在是灰色加一点棕色)”可推断，此处表示头顶剩的头发少，little表示否定，修饰hair，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我微笑的时候，我的额头上出现了皱纹，我想让我的胡子长一点儿，但我真的不想看起来像圣诞老人。A. beard胡子；B. crops庄稼；C. body身体；D. kids孩子。根据上文“This morning, when 1 shaved in the mirror.”可知，作者是在剃胡子，由此可知作者的胡子长了，故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我退后一步。我看得出来我也胖了。A. smaller 更小的；B. stronger 更强壮的；C. healthier 更健康的；D. fatter 更胖的。根据下句“I because while my metabolism (新陈代谢)had ___5___ ，my eating hadn't.”可知，我的新陈代谢下降了，因而此处指我变胖了，故选D。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的新陈代谢下降了，但是我的食欲并没有下降。A. made up 组成，编造；B. slowed down 减速；C. left off 停止；D. came round 苏醒。根据上文“ When 1 stepped back. I could see I had become ___4___ as well.”可知，我变胖了，由此判断是新陈代谢下降了，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的肌肉痛，身体也很虚弱。A. relaxed　轻松的；B. athletic 运动的；C. clean 干净的；D. weak 软弱的。根据also可知，此处指的是身体与肌肉是一样的状态，疼痛软弱，故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：写作是我的最爱。A. Listening 听；B. Speaking 说；C. Writing 写；D. Reading 读。根据后文“An article in my ___8___ seemed to be formed I was thinking of writing the words down”可知，此处说的是我最喜欢写作，故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章在我的脑海中似乎形成了，我正在考虑写下这些话，以防我走进我的书房时忘记它们。A. book 书；B. note 笔记；C. mind 思绪；D. mouth 嘴。根据文中“I was thinking of writing the words down in case 1 would ___9___ them when 1 came into my study.”可知，为防止忘记而要把文章写下来，故而是文章在头脑中已经构思好了，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一篇文章在我的脑海中似乎形成了，我正在考虑写下这些话，以防我走进我的书房时忘记它们。A. recognize 辨认；B. control 控制；C. replace 代替；D. forget 忘记。根据文中“An article in my ___8___ seemed to be formed I was thinking of writing the words down ”可知，把文章书写下来的目的是以防忘记，故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我再次照镜子的时候，我笑了，心里感到一阵喜悦。A. smiled 微笑；B. shouted 尖叫；C. waved 挥手；D. appeared 出现。根据“and felt a joy in my heart.”可知，我感到喜悦，故而是我笑了，故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想，不管我看起来有多老，我的灵魂永远年轻。A. low 低的；B. lonely 孤独的；C. young 年轻的；D. bright 明亮的，聪明的。根据上文“no matter how old I looked”可知，上下文是转折关系。无论我的身体有多老，我的灵魂都不能老，故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我二三十岁的时候有多严肃、有多担忧、倍感压力。A. pleased 高兴的；B. stressed 感到压力的；C. amazed 惊讶的；D. excited 兴奋的。此空与serious和 worried都是并列关系，都表示焦虑的，有压力的，故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我常常感到生活的负担非常沉重。A. extremely 极度地；B. hardly 几乎不；C. impossibly 不可能地；D. uncertainly 不确定地。根据上文“ I can remember how serious. 　12　 and worried I was in my twenties and thirties.”可推断，我年轻的时候压力很大，经常感到生活的担子非常沉重，故选A。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是现在我已经50岁了，我的心情更轻松了，我的日子看起来也更明亮了。A. politer 更礼貌的；B. lighter 更轻的；C. heavier 更重的；D. prouder 更骄傲的。根据后文“and my days look brighter.”可知，与年轻时候相比，我现在的日子更明亮了，心情也更放松了，故选B。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们所有人的身体都会磨损和死亡，但灵魂不会。A. come in 进来；B. give in 屈服；C. break out 爆发；D. wear out 磨损，耗尽。根据die可判断，身体终将消损殆尽，故选D。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A There is 16 lovely panda. She lives with her parents and they lead a happy life in the forest. One day the panda 17 (pick) a huge pumpkin and wanted to take it home. But the pumpkin was too big for her 18 (take) it home on her own. She could do nothing but sit beside the pumpkin. She thought 19 if she waited there, she might turn to a passer­by for help. Suddenly, she saw a bear 20 (ride) a bike towards her. She watched the bike and suddenly, she jumped and shouted 21 (happy), “I know! I have a good idea—I can roll (滚动) the pumpkin. It’s just like a wheel!” Therefore, she rolled the pumpkin to 22 (she)  house. When her mother saw the big pumpkin, which was 23 (big) than her little daughter, she was 24 (surprise), “Oh, my God! How can you get it home?” The little panda answered proudly, “I can’t lift it, but I can roll it.” Her mother smiled and said, “ 25 a clever girl you are!” 【答案】16．a 17．picked 18．to take 19．that 20．riding 21．happily 22．her 23．bigger 24．surprised 25．What 【导语】本文为一则寓言故事。文章主要讲述了小熊猫摘了一个大南瓜，看到自行车，受到启发，想办法将南瓜运回家的故事。 16．考查冠词。句意：有一只可爱的大熊猫。分析句子可知，空处应填不定冠词a，泛指“一个”。故填a。 17．考查时态。句意：一天，这只熊猫摘了一个巨大的南瓜，想把它带回家。描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式形式，与wanted并列作谓语。故填picked。 18．考查非谓语。句意：但是南瓜太大了，她自己没法带回家。too+adj./adv.+to do“太……而不能……”为固定句式。故填to take。 19．考查宾语从句。句意：她想，如果她在那儿等着，可能会有路过的人能帮忙。分析句子可知，空处应用that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，没有意义，起到连接主句和从句的作用。故填that。 20．考查非谓语。句意：突然，她看到一只熊骑着自行车向她靠近。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语补足语，动词ride与宾语a bear之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词的形式。故填riding。 21．考查副词。句意：她看着自行车，突然高兴地跳起来喊道：“我知道了！我有个好主意——我可以滚这个南瓜。它就像一个轮子！”分析句子可知，空处应填副词happily“高兴地”在句中作状语。故填happily。 22．考查代词。句意：于是，她把南瓜滚到了她的家。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词性物主代词her在句中作定语。故填her。 23．考查形容词比较级。句意：当她的妈妈看到那个比她的小女儿还大的大南瓜时，她很惊讶，“哦，我的天哪！你是怎么把它弄回家的？” 根据than可知，空处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填bigger。 24．考查形容词。句意：当她的妈妈看到那个比她的小女儿还大的大南瓜时，她很惊讶，“哦，我的天哪！你是怎么把它弄回家的？” 分析句子可知，空处应填形容词surprised“吃惊的”在句中作表语。故填surprised。 25．考查感叹句。句意：她的妈妈微笑着说：“你真是个聪明的女孩啊！”分子句子可知，空处应用what引导感叹句，what引导的感叹句构成为：what + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语！位于句首首字母大写。故填What。 B As we all know, festivals 26 (celebrate) all around the world and they have 27 wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Of all the 28 (tradition) festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. People celebrate to show that they are grateful 29 the year’s supply of food. 30 (actual), customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the 31 (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. Today, festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with more and more businesses 32 (add) to the celebrations. And this brings 33 (we) a lot of benefits. Festivals are an important part of society, 34 reflect people’s wishes, faiths, beliefs, and attitudes towards life. And if you study festival s carefully, you may be surprised 35 (find) that different cultures have a lot in common after all. 【答案】26．are celebrated 27．a 28．traditional 29．for 30．Actually 31．development 32．added 33．us 34．which 35．to find 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了节日的文化来源，现代发展和社会意义。 26．考查动词时态、语态。句意：我们都知道，世界各地都庆祝节日，它们有广泛的起源，比如一年中的季节、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。分析句子可知，空处作谓语，描述事实现象，用一般现在时，且主语festivals为复数，与celebrate构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are celebrated。 27．考查冠词。句意：同上。a wide range of为固定短语，意思为：各种各样的。故填a。 28．考查形容词。句意：在所有的传统节日中，丰收节几乎可以在每一种文化中找到。空处修饰名词festivals，用形容词作定语，tradition对应的形容词为traditional，意思为：传统的。故填traditional。 29．考查介词。句意：人们通过庆祝来表达他们对一年的食物供应的感激。be grateful for意思为：对……感激的，为固定短语。故填for。 30．考查副词。句意：事实上，习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时它们会随着时间的推移而改变。空处用逗号隔开，放在开头，修饰后面的句子，为副词作状语，actual对应的副词为actually。放在句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。 31．考查名词。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，而另一些传统可能会建立起来。空处作介词的宾语，用名词，develop对应的名词为development，意思为“发展”，不可数。故填development。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，节日变得越来越商业化，越来越多的商业活动被加入到庆祝活动中。分析句子可知，with构成复合结构，空处作businesses的宾语补足语，businesses与add构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填added。 33．考查代词。句意：这给我们带来了很多好处。空处作动词brings的宾语，用人称代词宾格形式。故填us。 34．考查定语从句。句意：节日是社会的重要组成部分，它反映了人们的愿望、信仰、信仰和对生活的态度。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为festivals，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化毕竟有很多共同点。be surprised to do意思为：惊讶地做某事，空处缺少不定式结构。故填to find。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$