【夏日FUN学】专题3：动词的时态和语态 讲义-2024-2025学年新高一暑假初升高衔接英语

【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题3：动词的时态和语态（原卷版） 【课前小测】 单项选择 1．— How long have you ________ the English club? — Only 3 months. But I have improved my English a lot. A．joined B．been in C．become a member of 2．—Has your mother come back from the countryside? —Yes. She_______ there for two weeks to look after my grandmother. A．stays B．stayed C．will stay D．has stayed 3．Jimmy ________ in Shanghai for seven years. Now he lives abroad with his father. A．studies B．studied C．has studied 4．—Do you think teenagers should ________ to make their own decisions? —No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that. A．encourage B．be encouraging C．encouraged D．be encouraged 5．The tree ________ three times a week in order to make it grow taller. A．is watering B．should water C．should be watered 6．Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years. A．has been made from B．have been made out of C．has made up of D．have been made into 7．When the sun _______ in the morning, our national flag _______. A．is raised. will be raised B．rises, will be risen C．rises, will be raised D．is raised, will rise 8．The words that we should pay attention to ________ on the blackboard. A．are written B．are writing C．being written D．writing 9．—The business he has devoted his life ________ a great success. —How wonderful! A．to proved B．to proving C．to prove D．proved 10．—They had memorized most of the new words in the textbook ________ of last term. —You mean ________ of the new words? A．at the end; one-third B．in the end; four-fifths C．by the end; three-fourths D．by the end; three-quarter 11．—How long ________ Hepburn’s successful career ________?    —About 40 years. A．was; lasted B．has; lasted C．had; lasted D．did; last 12．—I ________ in London for many years. —You have never regretted moving back to China, have you? A．lived B．was living C．have lived 13．Please keep quiet. The sick ________ asleep. A．fell B．were falling C．have fallen D．fall 14．By the time I ________ home, my sister ________ for Shenyang. A．got, has left B．get, has left C．got, had left D．get, had left 15．When I got to the shop, the fresh vegetables had ________. A．be sold out B．were sold out C．been sold out D．sell out 16．—You have been in Neijiang very long.     —Yeah. ________ my parents came here. A．For B．When C．Since 17．By the time we got to the station, David ________ for ten minutes. A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．had been away 18．Mr Wu spent as much time as he could ________ his work and at last the project he devoted himself  ________ a big award. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to winning D．doing; to won 19．—Could you tell me ________? —Sure. They ________ to the playground for the basketball match. A．where are the students; have been B．where were the students; have been C．where the students are; have gone D．where the students were; have gone 20．If I ________ harder when I was young, I ________ a university and lived a different life. A．worked; would entered B．had worked; would have entered C．would worked; had entered D．have worked; will have entered 【知识对接】 接点1动词的时态 动词的时态指动词所表示的动作和状态在各种时间条件下发生时的表现形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时。 处理时态问题首先要把握各种动词时态所表达的时间概念，注意捕捉决定时态的信息，如表示时间的副词、短语和从句等；有时还要通过上下文的时间关系以及题目设置的语境去挖掘隐藏信息。以ask为例，其常用的时态构成形式如下： 常用时态 形式 常用时态 形式 一般现在时 ask/asks *过去完成时 had asked 一般过去时 asked 将来完成时 will/shall have asked 一般将来时 will/shall ask 现在进行时 am/is/are asking 过去将来时 would/should ask 过去进行时 was/were asking *现在完成时 have/has asked 将来进行时 will/shall be asking 接点2动词的被动语态 语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。以ask为例，其被动语态在常用的几种时态中的构成形式如下： 常用时态 被动语态形式 常用时态 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 will/shall be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked 将来完成时 will/shall have been asked 现在完成时 am/is/are being asked 【难点突破】 突破1一般现在时 1.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作，常与 often、usually、always、 sometimes、 every morning、on Sundays等时间状语连用。 She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。 The old man exercises in the park every morning.这位老人每天早上都在公园锻炼。 2.表示永恒的真理或者客观事实。 The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 3.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。 The train starts at seven in the morning.火车早上七点出发。 4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 I'll go with you, if you are free tomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。 突破2一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 two days ago、yesterday、last week、just now、when I was five years old、in1995等表示过去的时间状语连用。 I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见了他。 They began to work two months ago.两个月前他们开始工作。 2.一般过去时还可表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。注意，used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。 He used to get up early.过去他总是早起。(现在不这样了) 3.有时候句中没有表示过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。 He wrote a novel.他写了一部小说。 I didn't expect you were waiting for us.我没预料到你正在等我们。 4.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，表示过去某个时候发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。 I saw this film yesterday,我昨天看了这部电影。(强调看的动作已发生，不涉及现在) I have seen this film.我已经看了这部电影。(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容我已经知道了) 突破3一般将来时 1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与in the future、soon、in a month、next time、from now on、tomorrow等时间状语连用。 I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就十八岁了。 He will not go to the airport to meet her this afternoon.今天下午他不会去机场接她。 2.一般将来时的其他表示形式。 (1)be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 The president is to visit Japan in May.总统将于五月访问日本。 I am to get married next year.我明年结婚。 (2)be about to do 表示“马上要做某事；正要做某事”，往往不与时间状语连用。 We are about to discuss this problem.我们马上要讨论这个问题。 3.will和 be going to的区别 (1)will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时决定要做的事。 I will stay with you and help you.我会和你一起并且帮助你。 -You have left the light on.你还开着灯呢。 -Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off right now.哦，确实是这样。我马上去关掉它。 (2)be going to 常用于口语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态，表示打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。 There is going to be an English film this evening.今晚有一场英语电影。 Look at those dark clouds. It is going to rain.看看那些乌云。天要下雨了。 突破4现在完成时 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already、ever、just、yet等副词连用。 I have just finished my homework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 He has been to Germany.他去过德国。 2.表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会持续下去，此时常用延续性动词，时间状语常为since加一个过去的时间点、for加一段时间，up to now等。 I have known him for three years.我认识他三年了。 He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿了。 My sister has been married for 5 years.我姐姐结婚五年了。 3.在“This/That/It is the first/second/third/...time that...”句型里，that后面的从句要用现在完成时。 This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the international exhibition.这是我们公司的产品第二次在国际展览会上展览。 4.在“It is/has been+时间段＋since...”句型中，使用一般现在时和现在完成时这两种时态都正确。 It is/has been 10 years since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来已经有10年了。 突破5过去完成时 1.过去完成时表示截至过去某一时间已经完成的动作。 By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books,截至上个月末，我们已经复习了四本书。 2.过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。 When we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 3.表示“打算、希望、计划、认为、试图”等的动词(如 think, believe、hope、plan、want、intend等)用于过去完成时，意为“原本······(但事与愿违)”。 I had thought that he would win.我原以为他会赢。 We had believed that he could tell the truth.我们原本以为他会告诉我们实情。 突破6现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Listen, someone is crying.听，有人在哭。 What are you doing these days?这些天你们在干什么？ 2.有时现在进行时也与always、continually、forever等副词连用，表示特定的情感，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。 He is always asking the same question.他总是问同一个问题。(表达厌烦) 3.go、come、leave、arrive、start、begin、end等短暂性动词用于现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。 They are leaving for Shanghai.他们将动身去上海。 突破7过去进行时 1.表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。 I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做我的家庭作业。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the door.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。 2.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时和一般过去时都用于表示过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去的事实。 They were building a house.他们在盖房子。(他们那时候正在盖房子，建造完成与否未知) They built a house last month.他们上个月盖了一幢房子。(他们盖了房子，房子已经建造完成) 突破8 动词的语态 1.主动语态和被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 We swept the floor,我们打扫了地板。(主动语态) The floor was swept.地板被打扫过。(被动语态) 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。 (1)肯定句：主语＋be+过去分词＋其他。 They were given a warm welcome.他们受到热烈的欢迎。 (2)否定句：主语＋be+not+过去分词＋其他。 The car was not made in China.这辆汽车不是中国制造的。 (3)一般疑问句：Be+主语＋过去分词＋其他？ -Are they made in China?它们是中国制造的吗？ -Yes, they are.是的，是中国制造的。 -Was the museum built in 2021? 这座博物馆是在2021年建成的吗？ -No, it was built in 2020.不，它是在2020年建成的。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(不作主语)＋be+主语＋过去分词＋其他？／特殊疑问词(作主语)＋be+过去分词＋其他？ What is the machine used for?这台机器用来做什么？ Where were the cars made?这些小汽车是哪里制造的？ What was stolen last night?昨晚什么东西被偷了？ 3.主动语态变为被动语态的方法：将主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语。 People used radios for listening to the news.(主动)→Radios were used for listening to the news by people.(被动) I posted a letter last week.(主动)→A letter was posted by me last week.(被动) 4.在make、let、see、hear、notice、watch、feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to. We heard her sing an English song.(主动)→She was heard to sing an English song by us.(被动) 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．Kangkang ________ China Communist Youth League(共青团) for over 2 years. A．has joined B．joined C．has been a member of 2．Housing prices ________ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government ________ some effective measures to bring them under control. A．have increased; would take B．have increased; will take C．have been increasing; takes D．have been increasing; took 3．—With his leg ________ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match. —I ________ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital. A．injuring; have contacted B．being injured; have contacted C．to be injured; contacted D．injured; contacted 4．Tom ______ to get a drink just now. A．go off B．went off C．took off 5．―What's the matter him? ―He's worrying about his job. The job more him than anything else. A．with; matters; with B．with; matters; to C．to; matter; with D．to; mattered; to 6．Not only the students but also the teacher the Great Wall twice. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 7．The film   for half an hour when I got to the cinema yesterday A．has begun B．had been on C．had begun D．had been in 8．An old man in a wooden house. Nobody knew when he . A．was found dead; died B．has died; died C．was found dead; death D．has been dead; die 9．Last week they________ by bike on a four-day trip to Ayers Rock. A．set off B．try out C．run away D．come round 10．—What will you do with these old computers？ —We will have to use them unless new ones________ A．buy B．will buy C．will be bought D．are bought 11．— Why is it hard for Mr. Wang ________ his family? —Because he _________ his job. A．support, lost B．to support, has lost C．supporting, will lose D．supported, is losing 12．Now the river is so clear.  It’s said that the government _______ measures to protect it. A．will take B．takes C．has taken D．took 13．—Would you like to go to the movies tonight? —Yes, I'd like to. But if you don't go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C．neither will I 14．—Mom, when shall we set out to the amusement park? —As soon as your task  ________. A．will be finished B．will finish C．is finished D．finishes 15．It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be permitted B．had the residents been permitted C．would the residents be permitted D．the residents had been permitted 16．It’s reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research________ . A．has been done B．will have been done C．will be done D．had been done 17．The Diary of a Young Girl several languages since then. A．has translated into B．has been translated into C．translated into D．was translated into 18．—Have you finished your report, Jim? —Not yet. I will make it if I________ two more days. A．give B．will give C．am given D．will be given 19．—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 20．As a result of the serious rainstorm, a quarter of the buildings in the area ________. A．need to be repaired B．needs repairing C．need to repair 二、语法填空 1．In the past three months, several floods (sweep) away homes, schools and hospitals, leaving one third of the country under water. 2．Many companies (run) by Tom since 1979. 3．Where to go for a trip (not decide) yet. 4．A quarrel (break) out between the two neighbours. 5．She (laugh) at by her classmates since young. 6．The fire has got to the fifth floor. Have all the people (save)? 7．Poachers (punish) strictly, deterring wildlife crimes. 8．—Linda, you weren’t at home at five o’clock yesterday afternoon. —I (play) soccer with my classmates when you called me. 9．Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. 10．Since January of 2020, great changes (take) place all over the world. 11．Don’t worry. Your bike (repair) in a moment. 12．Hurry up! The train (leave) at 10:00. 13．I’ve (fall) in love with classical music because it benefits the soul. 14．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this afternoon? —No. It (put) off till tomorrow afternoon. 15．Over the past ten years, this town (hit) twice by earthquakes. 16．More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation. 17．With the Internet keeping us company, our life has been greatly (improve). 18． (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation­wide organization, where the performance of the employee (evaluate) last month. 【能力提升】 阅读理解 A Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad’s car. She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. “Dad, there’s a deer there!” Alexis said. It was a male deer with sharp antlers (角) on each side of its head. As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman. Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. “I knew I was in trouble,” Sue says. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel blood flew down her leg. Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road. When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. “I was kicking it to get its attention,” she says. Then her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the woman. Alexis helped Sue into the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue’s injured leg. “We’re going to get you to a hospital,” Alexis said. Then she heard her father shout loudly. He had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back. She beat the deer’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t scare it away. “I was losing faith,” she says. “A couple more strikes, Alexis,” said her father. “You can do it.” Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital. After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers. “You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,” she says, “not to beat up a deer.” 1．What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer? A．She was driving home. B．She was resting on the road. C．She was taking exercise. D．She was feeding wild animals. 2．What did Alexis do to save Sue? A．She pushed the deer away. B．She hit the deer with her feet. C．She drove the car to hit the deer. D．She beat the deer with a hammer. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Woman Was Seriously Injured B．A Dangerous Deer Attacked a Woman C．A Girl Rescued Her Father Successfully D．A Teenager Saved Others from a Deer Attack B Around 28 years ago, when photographer (摄影师) Liu Shibin first came to the Shitan Village in She County of Anhui Province, he was deeply attracted to the sights there. The 800-year-old village has peaceful lanes, fine Hui-style architecture, water scenes, beautiful mountain s and a deep cultural base. After that, Liu came to the village almost every year and started to think about how to use his power to help the village get out of poorness. Spring is the high season for photography tourism in the village. As to how to attract visitors during other seasons, Liu got an idea. As the sunflower scene in Qinghai Province was quite famous, Liu advised the local villagers to copy that and plant sunflowers. In April of 2009, the photographer bought some seeds and paid to villagers to try them out. After the successful attempt, Liu spread his sunflower photographs online and the local government then encouraged villagers to plant more fields of sunflowers. Thus, more and more photographers and tourists came to the poor village, which brought development to the local tourism. When Liu first came to Shitan village, there was only one hotel for photographers, which could only admit 12 people. However, now the village can accommodate nearly 10,000 people per day at the tourist season of spring. Over the past years, photographer Liu Shibin has also shot many photos for local villagers and sent them a copy for free. Liu has “shot” the small unknown village into a nationwide famous photography attraction, helping local people get on a road to wealth with his lens (镜头). 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Shitan Village? A．Beautiful scenes. B．Its rich culture. C．Friendly villagers. D．The style of buildings. 5．How did Liu help the village develop local tourism in 2009? A．He planted sunflowers in the fields there. B．He took photographs of the village in spring. C．He encouraged the local government to develop tourism. D．He helped villagers plant sunflowers and posted photos of them online. 6．Which word can best describe Liu Shibin from his story? A．Honest. B．Helpful. C．Skilled. D．Knowledgeable. 7．What’s the main idea of the text? A．A beautiful village found a way to develop local tourism. B．A photographer managed to help the village get out of poorness. C．The beauty of the Shitan Village attracted a famous photographer. D．Planting sunflowers in the village could make beautiful photographs. C There’s that old saying: How you do one thing is how you do everything. 8 , it shows in everything that you do, even when playing music. I recently went to a concert with some other musicians in town (many of whom I was meeting for the first time). 9 , I spent more time in my head thinking about my drumming instead of actually paying attention to what was going on. This time though, I found that I was more attentive and was able to support the other musicians more through my playing. 10 . And I could feel the audience was enjoying the music more too, because the music was no longer about me, it was about all of us connecting through the universal language of music. Afterwards, the musicians I played with told me they felt like our hearts were connected while playing, and that we were able to achieve a new level of playing together thanks to our collected approach. When playing, we didn’t consider how to show ourselves off. 11 . I believe that the best musicians in the world have this in common; which is to see past their own values, and to listen to/connect with their audience and fellow musicians. I’ve realized all of this thanks to my practice of being a more compassionate and caring person. So, I would like to thank everyone on this website for opening your hearts and showing me how to be a more caring person. 12 , but also through my music, and to those who listen. A．When I used to connect with other musicians B．Therefore, as you become more kind and sympathetic C．Because of this, our music was better than ever before D．There was just us sharing ourselves with our open hearts E．I often find music moves me to be open and connect with others F．There are languages that are universal, music and kindness are two of those languages G．As I grow into a more kind and caring person, I can bring joy to not only those in my daily life ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【夏日FUN学】2024年暑假英语初升高衔接教案 专题3：动词的时态和语态（解析版） 【课前小测】 单项选择 1．— How long have you ________ the English club? — Only 3 months. But I have improved my English a lot. A．joined B．been in C．become a member of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你加入英语俱乐部多久了?  ——只有3个月。但是我的英语进步了很多。 考查现在完成时态。根据问句中 的“How long”以及答语“Only 3 months”可知，句子的谓语动词要用延续性动词。选项A和选项C都是短暂性动词，需排除。故选B。 2．—Has your mother come back from the countryside? —Yes. She_______ there for two weeks to look after my grandmother. A．stays B．stayed C．will stay D．has stayed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的妈妈从乡下回来了吗？ ——是的。她在那里待了2周，照顾我的外婆。 考查一般过去时。根据题干可知妈妈在乡下待了2周，其中for two weeks是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，但是本句中过去发生的动作并未持续到现在，不能用现在完成时，应该用一般过去时表示过去的动作。故选B。 3．Jimmy ________ in Shanghai for seven years. Now he lives abroad with his father. A．studies B．studied C．has studied 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉米在上海学习了七年。现在他和他父亲住在国外。 考查动词时态。虽然第一句中出现了现在完成时的常用时间状语“for+一段时间”，但是“在上海学习”这个动作没有从过去持续到现在，是过去发生的一段动作，因此用一般过去时。故选B。 4．—Do you think teenagers should ________ to make their own decisions? —No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that. A．encourage B．be encouraging C．encouraged D．be encouraged 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为应该鼓励青少年自己做决定吗？——不，我不同意。他们太小了，还不能做决定。 考查情态动词的被动语态。encourage鼓励，动词原形；be encouraging错误表达；encouraged鼓励，动词encourage的过去式形式；be encouraged被鼓励。在问句中，主语是teenagers，谓语动词是encourage，两者之间构成动宾关系，所以要使用被动语态；根据句意可知此处表示“应该被鼓励”，所以用should be+过去分词。故选D。 5．The tree ________ three times a week in order to make it grow taller. A．is watering B．should water C．should be watered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这棵树每周应该浇三次水，以使它长高。 考查情态动词的被动语态。主语“The tree”和“water”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。树应该被浇水，本题考查含有情态动词should的被动语态，其结构为should+be done。故选C。 6．Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years. A．has been made from B．have been made out of C．has made up of D．have been made into 【答案】A 【详解】句意：用植物纤维造纸已有多年历史。 考查主谓一致，被动语态与动词短语。根据“for many years”可知，时态是现在完成时；主语paper与谓语动词为动宾关系，应用被动语态，现在完成时被动语态构成为have/has been done，故可排除C项；且主语paper为不可数名词，谓语应用单数形式，故排除BD项。短语be made from意为“由……制成”，通常看不出原材料，符合句意。故选A。 7．When the sun _______ in the morning, our national flag _______. A．is raised. will be raised B．rises, will be risen C．rises, will be raised D．is raised, will rise 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当太阳在早晨升起时，我们的国旗就会升起。 考查时间状语从句及被动语态。本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。结合选项可知， 从句时态为一般现在时。sun和rise之间是主动关系，排除AD；第二空所在句为主句，用一般将来时，主谓和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态。rise是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除B。故选C。 8．The words that we should pay attention to ________ on the blackboard. A．are written B．are writing C．being written D．writing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该注意的词语写在黑板上了。 分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，由“The words”及“on the blackboard.”可判断此处表达被动语态，表示“词被写在黑板上”，被动语态的构成为be + 动词的过去分词。故选A。 9．—The business he has devoted his life ________ a great success. —How wonderful! A．to proved B．to proving C．to prove D．proved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他毕生致力于的事业取得了巨大的成功。——太棒了！ 考查时态。此处是devote one’s life to sth“把一生奉献给……”，此处把sth提到前面，to是介词放在后面，排除D选项；句子陈述的是过去的事情，动词用过去式，故选A。 10．—They had memorized most of the new words in the textbook ________ of last term. —You mean ________ of the new words? A．at the end; one-third B．in the end; four-fifths C．by the end; three-fourths D．by the end; three-quarter 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——到上学期末，他们已经记住了课本上的大部分生词。——你的意思是生词的四分之三？ 考查过去完成时和数词用法。根据“They had memorized most of the new words”可知问句是过去完成时，时间状语应该是到过去一个时间为止，用by the end of；分数的表达是分子基数词，分母序数词，如果分子大于1，分母用复数。故选C。 11．—How long ________ Hepburn’s successful career ________?    —About 40 years. A．was; lasted B．has; lasted C．had; lasted D．did; last 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Hepburn的成功的事业持续了多久？——大约40年。 考查动词时态。根据“How long”以及“About 40 years.”可知，此处是问成功的事业持续了多久，需要注意赫本已经去世，她的成功事业没有持续到现在，是在过去的时间区间，用一般过去时。故选D。 12．—I ________ in London for many years. —You have never regretted moving back to China, have you? A．lived B．was living C．have lived 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我在伦敦住了很多年。——你从来没有后悔搬回中国，是吗？ 考查动词时态。根据第一句及答句“You have never regretted moving back to China”可知我在伦敦住过一段时间，但是已经搬回了中国，不符合现在完成时定义，因此用一般过去时，结构为主语+动词过去式。故选A。 13．Please keep quiet. The sick ________ asleep. A．fell B．were falling C．have fallen D．fall 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请保持安静。病人已经睡着了。 考查现在完成时。根据“Please keep quiet.”可知，这是祈使句，是一般现在时态，意为“保持安静”，可推知下文说的是“病人已经睡着了”，用现在完成时，表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要继续下去的动作或状态。故选C。 14．By the time I ________ home, my sister ________ for Shenyang. A．got, has left B．get, has left C．got, had left D．get, had left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到家时，我姐姐已经去沈阳了。 考查动词时态。第一空“by the time”意为“到……时候为止”，表示在这个时间点动作已经完成，因此这里填过去式got；第二空，表示“我”到家时，我姐姐已经去沈阳了，因此这里表示过去的过去用过去完成时，用had left。故选C。 15．When I got to the shop, the fresh vegetables had ________. A．be sold out B．were sold out C．been sold out D．sell out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到商店时，新鲜蔬菜已经卖完了。 考查过去完成时的被动语态。本题主语“the fresh vegetables”与谓语动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；此处“卖完”是发生在到商店之前，因此这里是过去完成时的被动语态，结构是“had been done”；sell out卖完。故选C。 16．—You have been in Neijiang very long.     —Yeah. ________ my parents came here. A．For B．When C．Since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在内江已经很久了。——嗯。自从我父母来到这里。 考查连词辨析。For因为，表原因；When当……时候；since.自从…以来。根据“You have been in Neijiang  very long. ”以及“my parents came here”可知，自从过去的某个时间开始一直持续到现在，所以要用since。故选C。 17．By the time we got to the station, David ________ for ten minutes. A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．had been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在我们到车站的时候，David已经离开十分钟了。 考查时态。根据“By the time we got to the station,”可知，此处应用过去完成时。再结合“for ten minutes”可知，此处应用延续性动词，所以应用had been away，表示“已经离开”。故选D。 18．Mr Wu spent as much time as he could ________ his work and at last the project he devoted himself  ________ a big award. A．to do; winning B．to do; win C．doing; to winning D．doing; to won 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吴先生花费尽可能多的时间做他的工作，最后他专心投入的那个项目赢得了一个大奖。 考查非谓语动词。do做；win赢得；spend time doing sth花费时间做某事，因此第一空用动名词doing作宾语；分析句子结构，此处缺少谓语，根据spent可知，第二空用一般过去时，故填won。故选D。 19．—Could you tell me ________? —Sure. They ________ to the playground for the basketball match. A．where are the students; have been B．where were the students; have been C．where the students are; have gone D．where the students were; have gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我学生们在哪儿吗？——当然可以，他们去操场进行篮球比赛了。 考查宾语从句和现在完成时的用法。问句是宾语从句，从句语序为陈述句语序，排除A和B。问句询问学生现在在哪里，从句时态用一般现在时。have been to表示 “去过”，说话时在此地；have gone to表示 “去了”，说话时不在此地。此句中表示 “他们去了操场”，故应用have gone to。故选C。 20．If I ________ harder when I was young, I ________ a university and lived a different life. A．worked; would entered B．had worked; would have entered C．would worked; had entered D．have worked; will have entered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我年轻时多努力一点，我就能上大学，过一种不同的生活。 考查虚拟语气。分析句子可知，本句是虚拟语气；根据“when I was young”，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，if从句需用had done结构，主句用would have done结构。故选B。 【知识对接】 接点1动词的时态 动词的时态指动词所表示的动作和状态在各种时间条件下发生时的表现形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时。 处理时态问题首先要把握各种动词时态所表达的时间概念，注意捕捉决定时态的信息，如表示时间的副词、短语和从句等；有时还要通过上下文的时间关系以及题目设置的语境去挖掘隐藏信息。以ask为例，其常用的时态构成形式如下： 常用时态 形式 常用时态 形式 一般现在时 ask/asks *过去完成时 had asked 一般过去时 asked 将来完成时 will/shall have asked 一般将来时 will/shall ask 现在进行时 am/is/are asking 过去将来时 would/should ask 过去进行时 was/were asking *现在完成时 have/has asked 将来进行时 will/shall be asking 接点2动词的被动语态 语态表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。以ask为例，其被动语态在常用的几种时态中的构成形式如下： 常用时态 被动语态形式 常用时态 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 will/shall be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked 将来完成时 will/shall have been asked 现在完成时 am/is/are being asked 【难点突破】 突破1一般现在时 1.通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作，常与 often、usually、always、 sometimes、 every morning、on Sundays等时间状语连用。 She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。 The old man exercises in the park every morning.这位老人每天早上都在公园锻炼。 2.表示永恒的真理或者客观事实。 The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 3.表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。 The train starts at seven in the morning.火车早上七点出发。 4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 I'll go with you, if you are free tomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就会和你一起去。 突破2一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 two days ago、yesterday、last week、just now、when I was five years old、in1995等表示过去的时间状语连用。 I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见了他。 They began to work two months ago.两个月前他们开始工作。 2.一般过去时还可表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。注意，used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。 He used to get up early.过去他总是早起。(现在不这样了) 3.有时候句中没有表示过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。 He wrote a novel.他写了一部小说。 I didn't expect you were waiting for us.我没预料到你正在等我们。 4.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，表示过去某个时候发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，强调过去的事情对现在的影响。 I saw this film yesterday,我昨天看了这部电影。(强调看的动作已发生，不涉及现在) I have seen this film.我已经看了这部电影。(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容我已经知道了) 突破3一般将来时 1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与in the future、soon、in a month、next time、from now on、tomorrow等时间状语连用。 I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就十八岁了。 He will not go to the airport to meet her this afternoon.今天下午他不会去机场接她。 2.一般将来时的其他表示形式。 (1)be to do表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 The president is to visit Japan in May.总统将于五月访问日本。 I am to get married next year.我明年结婚。 (2)be about to do 表示“马上要做某事；正要做某事”，往往不与时间状语连用。 We are about to discuss this problem.我们马上要讨论这个问题。 3.will和 be going to的区别 (1)will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时决定要做的事。 I will stay with you and help you.我会和你一起并且帮助你。 -You have left the light on.你还开着灯呢。 -Oh, so I have. I will go and turn it off right now.哦，确实是这样。我马上去关掉它。 (2)be going to 常用于口语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态，表示打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。 There is going to be an English film this evening.今晚有一场英语电影。 Look at those dark clouds. It is going to rain.看看那些乌云。天要下雨了。 突破4现在完成时 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already、ever、just、yet等副词连用。 I have just finished my homework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。 He has been to Germany.他去过德国。 2.表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会持续下去，此时常用延续性动词，时间状语常为since加一个过去的时间点、for加一段时间，up to now等。 I have known him for three years.我认识他三年了。 He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿了。 My sister has been married for 5 years.我姐姐结婚五年了。 3.在“This/That/It is the first/second/third/...time that...”句型里，that后面的从句要用现在完成时。 This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the international exhibition.这是我们公司的产品第二次在国际展览会上展览。 4.在“It is/has been+时间段＋since...”句型中，使用一般现在时和现在完成时这两种时态都正确。 It is/has been 10 years since I last saw him.从我上次见到他以来已经有10年了。 突破5过去完成时 1.过去完成时表示截至过去某一时间已经完成的动作。 By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books,截至上个月末，我们已经复习了四本书。 2.过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。 When we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 3.表示“打算、希望、计划、认为、试图”等的动词(如 think, believe、hope、plan、want、intend等)用于过去完成时，意为“原本······(但事与愿违)”。 I had thought that he would win.我原以为他会赢。 We had believed that he could tell the truth.我们原本以为他会告诉我们实情。 突破6现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Listen, someone is crying.听，有人在哭。 What are you doing these days?这些天你们在干什么？ 2.有时现在进行时也与always、continually、forever等副词连用，表示特定的情感，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。 He is always asking the same question.他总是问同一个问题。(表达厌烦) 3.go、come、leave、arrive、start、begin、end等短暂性动词用于现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。 They are leaving for Shanghai.他们将动身去上海。 突破7过去进行时 1.表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。 I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做我的家庭作业。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the door.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。 2.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时和一般过去时都用于表示过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去的事实。 They were building a house.他们在盖房子。(他们那时候正在盖房子，建造完成与否未知) They built a house last month.他们上个月盖了一幢房子。(他们盖了房子，房子已经建造完成) 突破8 动词的语态 1.主动语态和被动语态 英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 We swept the floor,我们打扫了地板。(主动语态) The floor was swept.地板被打扫过。(被动语态) 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。 (1)肯定句：主语＋be+过去分词＋其他。 They were given a warm welcome.他们受到热烈的欢迎。 (2)否定句：主语＋be+not+过去分词＋其他。 The car was not made in China.这辆汽车不是中国制造的。 (3)一般疑问句：Be+主语＋过去分词＋其他？ -Are they made in China?它们是中国制造的吗？ -Yes, they are.是的，是中国制造的。 -Was the museum built in 2021? 这座博物馆是在2021年建成的吗？ -No, it was built in 2020.不，它是在2020年建成的。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(不作主语)＋be+主语＋过去分词＋其他？／特殊疑问词(作主语)＋be+过去分词＋其他？ What is the machine used for?这台机器用来做什么？ Where were the cars made?这些小汽车是哪里制造的？ What was stolen last night?昨晚什么东西被偷了？ 3.主动语态变为被动语态的方法：将主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语。 People used radios for listening to the news.(主动)→Radios were used for listening to the news by people.(被动) I posted a letter last week.(主动)→A letter was posted by me last week.(被动) 4.在make、let、see、hear、notice、watch、feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to. We heard her sing an English song.(主动)→She was heard to sing an English song by us.(被动) 【达标训练】 一、单项选择 1．Kangkang ________ China Communist Youth League(共青团) for over 2 years. A．has joined B．joined C．has been a member of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：康康加入中国共青团两年多了。 考查现在完成时态。句中的join“参加”，是短暂性动词。根据句子中的“for over 2 years”可知，句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词，应该把join变成be a member of。故用has been a member of，故选C。 2．Housing prices ________ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government ________ some effective measures to bring them under control. A．have increased; would take B．have increased; will take C．have been increasing; takes D．have been increasing; took 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从去年年底房价一直在上涨。因此，该是中央政府采取措施降低并控制房价的时候了。 考查时态。由since判断句中需要完成时，并且根据语境，房价还在上涨中，故第一空用现在完成进行时；第二空为虚拟语气，句型“It's/was time that该是……的时候了”，从句用过去时，故选D。 3．—With his leg ________ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match. —I ________ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital. A．injuring; have contacted B．being injured; have contacted C．to be injured; contacted D．injured; contacted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——因为他的腿在比赛中受伤了，恐怕Tony不能参加下一场比赛了。——前几天我联系了他的家人，他妈妈说他还在住院。 考查过去分词和动词时态。根据“with +宾语+过去分词”的用法，结合句意，可知因为他的腿受伤而不能参加下一场比赛，第一空应用过去分词“injured”表达原因；第二空根据所在句子的时间状语是“the other day”，时态应用一般过去时，所以要填过去式contacted。故选D。 4．Tom ______ to get a drink just now. A．go off B．went off C．took off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆刚才离开去喝了点东西。 考查动词短语。go off离开，切断；went off离开，切断，go off的过去式；took off脱下，起飞。观察句子结构，空格处填谓语动词；根据时间状语just now可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，故空格处要填动词的过去式，动词短语go off为动词原形，故排除选项A。根据语境可知，went off“离开”符合题意，故选B。 5．―What's the matter him? ―He's worrying about his job. The job more him than anything else. A．with; matters; with B．with; matters; to C．to; matter; with D．to; mattered; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他怎么了？——他在担心他的工作。这项工作对他来说比其他任何事情都重要。What’s the matter with sb.? 询问某人怎么了，排除C,D选项；第二个空缺少谓语动词，matter作为动词的意思是“要紧，有重大影响”，后接介词to + sb.故答案为B。 6．Not only the students but also the teacher the Great Wall twice. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不仅学生而且老师都去过长城两次。have/has been to表示某人去过某地，现在已经回来，have/has gone to表示某人去了某地，现在还没有回来，结合句意可知，去过长城两次要用have/has been to，排除A,C；not only…but also…连接两个主语时有就近原则，the teacher是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故答案为B。 7．The film   for half an hour when I got to the cinema yesterday A．has begun B．had been on C．had begun D．had been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演半小时了。因为 begin是短暂性动词，不能和for表示一段的时间状语连用，应该用be on来代替它，首先排除A,C；从句时态是一般过去时，主句动作发生在过去的过去，因此用过去完成时态，答案为B。 8．An old man in a wooden house. Nobody knew when he . A．was found dead; died B．has died; died C．was found dead; death D．has been dead; die 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一位老人被发现死在一座木房子里。没人知道他什么时候死的。先分析第二个空，when引导的从句中缺少谓语动词，受主句knew的影响，从句的时态为一般过去时，die的过去式为died，dead为形容词，首先排除C,D；从后一个句子的时态判断，前一个句子的动作也应该与过去有关，has died是现在完成时态，不符合题意，was found是一般过去时态的被动语态，形容词dead作主语补足语，故答案为A。 9．Last week they________ by bike on a four-day trip to Ayers Rock. A．set off B．try out C．run away D．come round 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上周他们骑自行车去艾尔斯岩进行为期四天的旅行。 考查动词短语和时态。set off动身；出发；try out尝试；run away逃跑；come round拜访。由last week可知，此题的时态为一般过去时，因此选项B/C/D都不对。set的过去式为set。故选A。 10．—What will you do with these old computers？ —We will have to use them unless new ones________ A．buy B．will buy C．will be bought D．are bought 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你将怎么处理这些旧电脑？——除非买新的，否则我们将不得不使用它们。 考查被动语态。根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。unless引导的条件状语从句规则：若主句为一般将来时，那么从句常用一般现在时表将来，即主将从现，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 11．— Why is it hard for Mr. Wang ________ his family? —Because he _________ his job. A．support, lost B．to support, has lost C．supporting, will lose D．supported, is losing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么王先生很难养家？——因为他失业了。 考查句型结构和时态。support支持，动词原形；lost一般过去时；to support动词不定式；has lost现在完成时；supporting动词ing形式；will lose一般将来时；supported动词的过去式或过去分词；is losing现在进行时。分析问句语境和空前is it hard for Mr. Wang可知，这里用“It is +形容词+for sb to do sth”的结构，所以第一空用动词不定式“to support”。根据问句和答句可知，王先生失业带来的后果是很难养活一家人，所以第二空用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响。故选B。 12．Now the river is so clear.  It’s said that the government _______ measures to protect it. A．will take B．takes C．has taken D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在河水清澈。据说政府已经采取措施保护它。 考查现在完成时。句子“Now the river is so clear.”中说的河水的清澈是由政府过去采取措施保护的结果。表达的是过去的动作对现在的影响，属于现在完成时。故选C。 13．—Would you like to go to the movies tonight? —Yes, I'd like to. But if you don't go, ________. A．so do I B．neither do I C．neither will I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今晚你想去看电影吗？——是的，我想去。但如果你不去，我也不去。 考查倒装句。so do I我也一样；neither do I我也不；neither will I我也不会。根据答句可知如果对方不去看电影，作者也不会去看电影，这是以neither起首的表达否定含义的倒装句，排除选项A。以neither起首的倒装句结构为“neither+谓语（助动词/情态动词/be动词）+主语”，根据条件状语从句的“主将从现”可知，这里应该用一般将来时，所以谓语用will。故选C。 14．—Mom, when shall we set out to the amusement park? —As soon as your task  ________. A．will be finished B．will finish C．is finished D．finishes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我们什么时候出发去游乐园?——你的任务一完成（就去）。 考查被动语态。空格所在句是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，符合主将从现，因为空格所在句为从句，所以时态上用一般现在时；根据句意可知，your task和finish存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 15．It was announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be permitted B．had the residents been permitted C．would the residents be permitted D．the residents had been permitted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据宣布，只有当火势得到控制，居民们才被允许返回自己的家园。 考查过去将来时的被动语态和倒装句。分析“It was announced that only when the fire was under control…to return to their homes.”可知，火势得到控制才可以回家，主句是过去时，所以从句用过去将来时；主语the residents是动作permit的承受者，应使用过去将来时的被动语态；that从句中，“only+状语从句”位于句首，要用倒装语序。故选C。 16．It’s reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research________ . A．has been done B．will have been done C．will be done D．had been done 【答案】A 【详解】句意：据报道，中国不会购买欧洲的债券，直到在做了一些彻底的研究之后。 考查动词时态。本句中it为形式主语，that引导一个主语从句。在主语从句中又包含一个until引导的时间状语从句，因为主句中“China will not buy the Euro debt”为一般将来时，所以从句中的时态“some thorough research…”也应是将来时态，但until引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来的动作或状态，所以用现在完成时态来表达将来完成时态；而some thorough research与do之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故选A。 17．The Diary of a Young Girl several languages since then. A．has translated into B．has been translated into C．translated into D．was translated into 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从那时起，《安妮日记》被翻译成几种语言。since then自那时起，用于现在完成时态的句子中，C,D是一般过去时态，首先要排除；主语The Diary of a Young Girl与translate之间是被动的关系，因此句子用现在完成时态的被动语态来表达，其构成为have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词，故答案为B。 【点睛】初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。 (1) 一般现在时被动语态的构成：助动词be + 动词的过去分词 English is spoken in many countries. (2) 一般过去时被动语态的构成：助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词 Was this novel written by his father? (3) 一般将来时被动语态的构成：will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital. (4) 现在完成时被动语态的构成：助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词 Has his work been finished? (5) 现在进行时被动语态的构成：be + being + 动词的过去分词 The problem is being discussed by the students. (6)带有情态动词的被动语态的 构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词 Your composition must be handed in tomorrow. 18．—Have you finished your report, Jim? —Not yet. I will make it if I________ two more days. A．give B．will give C．am given D．will be given 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉姆，你的报告写完了吗？——还没有。如果再给我两天的时间，我会完成的。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。give一般现在时；will give一般将来时；am given一般现在时的被动语态；will be given一般将来时的被动语态。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，其时态一般是主将从现，可知排除B和D；根据句意可知主语和谓语动词是被动关系，可知此句语态是被动语态，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 19．—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下星期天你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查被动语态。invite邀请，动词原形；will invite动词一般将来形式；am invited一般现在时的被动语态；will be invited一般将来时的被动语态。根据空前主语I与选项动词invite，结合语境可知，主语I和选项动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，因此用被动语态；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，因此从句用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are done，主语是I，所以此处用am invited。故选C。 20．As a result of the serious rainstorm, a quarter of the buildings in the area ________. A．need to be repaired B．needs repairing C．need to repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：由于暴雨严重，该地区四分之一的建筑物需要修理。 考查need后接主动表被动的用法。need to be repaired需要被修理；needs repairing需要被修理；need to repair需要修理；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，句子主语是buildings，是一个复数名词，所以谓语动词应该用原形，所以排除B选项；而这里指的是“建筑物需要被修理”，英语中动词是need，表示“某物需要……”时，要用need doing或者need to be done表示，所以这里应该选择A选项，故选A。 【点睛】1. 英语中当“分数+of + 名词”做句子主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数，取决于of后面的名词。如果of后面是不可数名词或可数名词单数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；如果of后面是可数名词复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式，所以此题中谓语的数是由buildings决定的。 2. 英语中当need/want/require作“需要”解释时，其后接的动词若和句子的主语之间是动宾关系，则该动词要用动名词的主动形式或者动词不定式的被动形式，即need/ want/ require doing sth，用主动表达被动含义，或者用不定式的被动结构，即need/ want/ require to be done的形式，做题时要注意主语与动词之间的关系。 二、语法填空 1．In the past three months, several floods (sweep) away homes, schools and hospitals, leaving one third of the country under water. 【答案】have swept 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，几次洪水冲走了房屋、学校和医院，使该国三分之一的土地被水淹没。空处作谓语，结合In the past three months可知，句子为现在完成时，主语floods为复数，助动词用have。故填have swept。 2．Many companies (run) by Tom since 1979. 【答案】have been run 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自1979年以来，汤姆经营了许多公司。分析句子，句中since 1979为现在完成时的时间标志，此处run表示“运营，经营”，companies与其之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时的被动关系。故填have been run。 3．Where to go for a trip (not decide) yet. 【答案】has not been decided 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：去哪里旅行还没有决定。主语Where to go for a trip与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文yet可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has，为否定陈述句。故填has not been decided。 4．A quarrel (break) out between the two neighbours. 【答案】has broken 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这两个邻居发生了争吵。分析句子，句中使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作已经发生，故使用现在完成时。句子的主语quarrel为第三人称单数，助动词用单数形式。故填has broken。 5．She (laugh) at by her classmates since young. 【答案】has been laughed 【详解】考查谓语动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：从小她就一直被同学嘲笑。所给动词laugh在句中作谓语；根据后面的“by her classmates”可知，主语she与动词短语laugh at 为被动关系，应使用被动语态；根据时间状语“since young”可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时；主语she为单三人称，助动词用单数形式。故填has been laughed。 6．The fire has got to the fifth floor. Have all the people (save)? 【答案】been saved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：大火已经蔓延到五楼。所有的人都得救了吗？主语people和动词save之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据句意和句中的have可知，应该用现在完成时。故填been saved。 7．Poachers (punish) strictly, deterring wildlife crimes. 【答案】are being punished 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：偷猎者受到严厉惩罚，遏制了野生动物犯罪。由deterring wildlife crimes可知，句子表示“偷猎者正在受到严厉惩罚”，空格处用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语Poachers是复数，因此空格处是are being punished。故填are being punished。 8．—Linda, you weren’t at home at five o’clock yesterday afternoon. —I (play) soccer with my classmates when you called me. 【答案】was playing 【详解】考查时态。句意：——Linda，昨天下午5点你不在家。——你打电话的时候，我正在和同学们踢足球。根据“at five o’clock yesterday afternoon”可知，play要用过去进行时，主语I为单数意义，故填was playing。 9．Alice said to me that she (stay) in her hometown for two more days. 【答案】would stay 【详解】考查时态。句意：爱丽丝告诉我她将在家乡再待两天。根据主句时态可知，用过去时态。再根据从句时间状语for two more days可知，用过去将来时。根据句意，故填would stay。 10．Since January of 2020, great changes (take) place all over the world. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查现在完成时。自2020年1月开始，全世界发生了巨大的变化。根据“Since January of 2020”可知空处应为现在完成时，主语great changes为复数，故填have taken。 11．Don’t worry. Your bike (repair) in a moment. 【答案】will be repaired 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：别担心。你的自行车马上就能修好。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in a moment可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be repaired。 12．Hurry up! The train (leave) at 10:00. 【答案】leaves 【详解】考查时态。句意：快点！火车10点发车。leave为谓语动词，火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表要用一般现在时表示一般将来时，主语the train是单数意义，应使用leaves，故填 leaves。 13．I’ve (fall) in love with classical music because it benefits the soul. 【答案】fallen 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：我爱上了古典音乐，因为它有益于心灵。句子是现在完成时，空处应填过去分词，故填fallen。 14．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this afternoon? —No. It (put) off till tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】has been put 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：—讲座定于今天下午4点举行吗？—不。它已经被推迟到明天下午。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的谓语部分，主语It和动词put之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据句意可知，应使用现在完成时，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态形式，主语It是第三人称单数形式，助动词have应使用has。故填has been put。 15．Over the past ten years, this town (hit) twice by earthquakes. 【答案】has been hit 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的十年里，这个城镇遭受了两次地震袭击。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的谓语部分，主语this town和动词hit之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据时间状语Over the past ten years可知，应使用现在完成时，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态形式，主语this town是第三人称单数形式，助动词have应使用has。故填has been hit。 16．More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation. 【答案】have been collected 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自两兄弟成立该组织以来，已经收集了5000多辆旧自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句since可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语More than 5,000 used bikes为复数名词和动词collect为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been collected。 17．With the Internet keeping us company, our life has been greatly (improve). 【答案】improved 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：有了互联网的陪伴，我们的生活得到了极大的改善。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合句意以及空前has been可知，此处主语our life和动词improve为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填improved。 18． (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation­wide organization, where the performance of the employee (evaluate) last month. 【答案】 Founded was evaluated 【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态语态。句意：它于1985年在北京成立，现在是一个全国性的组织，上个月对员工的表现进行了评估。分析可知，逗号前部分为状语，found为非谓语动词，和逻辑主语it（指代一个组织）是被动关系，且动作已经完成，应用过去分词；第二空为定语从句的谓语动词，主语performance和evaluate之间为被动关系，结合时间状语last month可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是the performance，谓语动词用单数。故填Founded；was evaluated。 【能力提升】 阅读理解 A Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad’s car. She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. “Dad, there’s a deer there!” Alexis said. It was a male deer with sharp antlers (角) on each side of its head. As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman. Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. “I knew I was in trouble,” Sue says. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel blood flew down her leg. Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road. When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. “I was kicking it to get its attention,” she says. Then her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the woman. Alexis helped Sue into the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue’s injured leg. “We’re going to get you to a hospital,” Alexis said. Then she heard her father shout loudly. He had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back. She beat the deer’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t scare it away. “I was losing faith,” she says. “A couple more strikes, Alexis,” said her father. “You can do it.” Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital. After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers. “You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,” she says, “not to beat up a deer.” 1．What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer? A．She was driving home. B．She was resting on the road. C．She was taking exercise. D．She was feeding wild animals. 2．What did Alexis do to save Sue? A．She pushed the deer away. B．She hit the deer with her feet. C．She drove the car to hit the deer. D．She beat the deer with a hammer. 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Woman Was Seriously Injured B．A Dangerous Deer Attacked a Woman C．A Girl Rescued Her Father Successfully D．A Teenager Saved Others from a Deer Attack 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的Alexis在和父亲外出的时候遇到了一位女士被一支鹿攻击，于是Alexis通过和鹿打斗救了这名女士。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. (苏是一位44岁的母亲，她刚出去晨跑。那只鹿跟着她慢慢靠近。)”可知，苏被鹿袭击时正在做运动。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. “I was kicking it to get its attention,” she says. (亚历克西斯看着那个女人惊恐的眼睛，她父亲还没来得及停车，这个少年就迅速跳下车，向鹿跑去。“我踢它是为了引起它的注意，”她说。)”可知，Alexis用脚踢了鹿来救苏。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章主要讲述了17岁的Alexis在和父亲外出的时候遇到了一位女士被一支鹿攻击，于是Alexis通过和鹿打斗救了这名女士。可知，D选项“一名少年从鹿的袭击中拯救了其他人”最符合文章标题。故选D。 B Around 28 years ago, when photographer (摄影师) Liu Shibin first came to the Shitan Village in She County of Anhui Province, he was deeply attracted to the sights there. The 800-year-old village has peaceful lanes, fine Hui-style architecture, water scenes, beautiful mountain s and a deep cultural base. After that, Liu came to the village almost every year and started to think about how to use his power to help the village get out of poorness. Spring is the high season for photography tourism in the village. As to how to attract visitors during other seasons, Liu got an idea. As the sunflower scene in Qinghai Province was quite famous, Liu advised the local villagers to copy that and plant sunflowers. In April of 2009, the photographer bought some seeds and paid to villagers to try them out. After the successful attempt, Liu spread his sunflower photographs online and the local government then encouraged villagers to plant more fields of sunflowers. Thus, more and more photographers and tourists came to the poor village, which brought development to the local tourism. When Liu first came to Shitan village, there was only one hotel for photographers, which could only admit 12 people. However, now the village can accommodate nearly 10,000 people per day at the tourist season of spring. Over the past years, photographer Liu Shibin has also shot many photos for local villagers and sent them a copy for free. Liu has “shot” the small unknown village into a nationwide famous photography attraction, helping local people get on a road to wealth with his lens (镜头). 4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Shitan Village? A．Beautiful scenes. B．Its rich culture. C．Friendly villagers. D．The style of buildings. 5．How did Liu help the village develop local tourism in 2009? A．He planted sunflowers in the fields there. B．He took photographs of the village in spring. C．He encouraged the local government to develop tourism. D．He helped villagers plant sunflowers and posted photos of them online. 6．Which word can best describe Liu Shibin from his story? A．Honest. B．Helpful. C．Skilled. D．Knowledgeable. 7．What’s the main idea of the text? A．A beautiful village found a way to develop local tourism. B．A photographer managed to help the village get out of poorness. C．The beauty of the Shitan Village attracted a famous photographer. D．Planting sunflowers in the village could make beautiful photographs. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大约28年前，当摄影师刘世斌第一次来到安徽省歙县石滩村时，他被那里的景色深深吸引。刘把一个名不见经传的小村庄“拍”成了全国知名的摄影景点，用他的镜头帮助当地人民赚了更多的钱，走上了致富的道路。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Around 28 years ago, when photographer (摄影师) Liu Shibin first came to the Shitan Village in She County of Anhui Province, he was deeply attracted to the sights there. The 800-year-old village has peaceful lanes, fine Hui-style architecture, water scenes, beautiful mountains and a deep cultural base.”（大约28年前，当摄影师刘士斌第一次来到安徽省歙县的石潭村时，他被那里的景色深深吸引。这个有800年历史的村庄有宁静的小巷，精美的徽派建筑，水景，美丽的山脉和深厚的文化底蕴。）可知，文章提到了石潭村的美景、徽派建筑风格、山脉以及深厚的文化，C选项“Friendly villagers.(友好的村民。)”并未提及。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In April of 2009, the photographer bought some seeds and paid to villagers to try them out. After the successful attempt, Liu spread his sunflower photographs online and the local government then encouraged villagers to plant more fields of sunflowers. Thus, more and more photographers and tourists came to the poor village, which brought development to the local tourism.”（2009年4月，这位摄影师买了一些种子并付钱给村民试种。尝试成功后，刘世斌在网上发布了他的向日葵照片，然后当地政府鼓励村民种植更多的向日葵田。因此，越来越多的摄影师和游客来到这个贫穷的村庄，这给当地的旅游业带来了发展。）可知，刘士斌帮助村民种植向日葵并在网上发布了他们的照片，促进了当地旅游业的发展。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段“Over the past years, photographer Liu Shibin has also shot many photos for local villagers and sent them a copy for free. Liu has “shot” the small unknown village into a nationwide famous photography attraction, helping local people get on a road to wealth with his lens (镜头)”（在过去的几年里，摄影师刘世斌也为当地村民拍摄了许多照片，并免费赠送给他们一份。刘将这个默默无闻的小村庄‘拍’成了全国著名的摄影景点，用他的镜头帮助当地人走上致富之路）可知。刘士斌通过自己的摄影技术和智慧，帮助石潭村发展旅游业，使村民走上致富之路，可见他是一个乐于助人的人，故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Over the past years, photographer Liu Shibin has also shot many photos for local villagers and sent them a copy for free. Liu has “shot” the small unknown village into a nationwide famous photography attraction, helping local people get on a road to wealth with his lens (镜头)”（在过去的几年里，摄影师刘世斌也为当地村民拍摄了许多照片，并免费赠送给他们一份。刘将这个默默无闻的小村庄“拍”成了全国著名的摄影景点，用他的镜头帮助当地人走上致富之路）”，文章主要讲述了摄影师刘士斌如何通过摄影帮助石潭村发展旅游业，从而帮助村民走上致富之路的故事，故选B。 C There’s that old saying: How you do one thing is how you do everything. 8 , it shows in everything that you do, even when playing music. I recently went to a concert with some other musicians in town (many of whom I was meeting for the first time). 9 , I spent more time in my head thinking about my drumming instead of actually paying attention to what was going on. This time though, I found that I was more attentive and was able to support the other musicians more through my playing. 10 . And I could feel the audience was enjoying the music more too, because the music was no longer about me, it was about all of us connecting through the universal language of music. Afterwards, the musicians I played with told me they felt like our hearts were connected while playing, and that we were able to achieve a new level of playing together thanks to our collected approach. When playing, we didn’t consider how to show ourselves off. 11 . I believe that the best musicians in the world have this in common; which is to see past their own values, and to listen to/connect with their audience and fellow musicians. I’ve realized all of this thanks to my practice of being a more compassionate and caring person. So, I would like to thank everyone on this website for opening your hearts and showing me how to be a more caring person. 12 , but also through my music, and to those who listen. A．When I used to connect with other musicians B．Therefore, as you become more kind and sympathetic C．Because of this, our music was better than ever before D．There was just us sharing ourselves with our open hearts E．I often find music moves me to be open and connect with others F．There are languages that are universal, music and kindness are two of those languages G．As I grow into a more kind and caring person, I can bring joy to not only those in my daily life 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．G 【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，我们可以把自己的爱心和同情心投入到我们做的事业中。 8．前文提到“How you do one thing is how you do everything.”（你做一件事的感受就是你做所有事的感受），以及后文提到“it shows in everything that you do, even when playing music”（它体现在你做的每件事上，甚至在演奏音乐的时候）由此判断，前句应该是一个从句，可以表达为：当你富有善心和同情心，它会体现在你所做的事情上。B项“Therefore, as you become more kind and sympathetic”（因此，当你变得更加善良和富有同情心时）该项符合文意。故选B。 9．前文提到“I recently went to a concert with some other musicians in town”（我最近和城里的其他音乐家一起去听了一场音乐会），且从空后的“This time though, I found that I was more attentive and was able to support the other musicians more through my playing.”（但这一次，我发现自己更专注了，能够在演奏中更多地支持其他音乐家。）可知，此空讲述以前与其他音乐家合作的事情。A项“When I used to connect with other musicians”（当我和和其他音乐家交流的时候），该项符合文意。故选A。 10．后文提到“And I could feel the audience was enjoying the music more too”（我能感觉到观众也更喜欢音乐了），此空讲述这次音乐会的效果。C项“Because of this, our music was better than ever before”（正因为如此，我们的音乐比以往任何时候都好），该项符合文意。故选C。 11．前文提到“we didn’t consider how to show ourselves off”（我们没有考虑过如何炫耀自己），由此判断，大家不是在炫耀自己，下一句应该表现我们的真实目的。D项“There was just us sharing ourselves with our open hearts”（只有我们敞开心扉分享彼此），该项符合文意。故选D。 12．前文提到“So, I would like to thank everyone on this website for opening your hearts and showing me how to be a more caring person. ”（所以，我要感谢这个网站上的每一个人，感谢你们敞开心扉，告诉我如何成为一个更有爱心的人。），作者成为了一个更有爱心的人，且从空后的“but also through my music, and to those who listen.”（但也通过我的音乐，对那些听我音乐的人。）可知，作者也把自己的爱心通过音乐送给那些听他音乐的人，同时此句使用了not only…but also（不仅……而且）结构。G项“As I grow into a more kind and caring person, I can bring joy to not only those in my daily life”（随着我成长为一个更加善良和有爱心的人，我不仅可以在日常生活中给别人带来快乐），该项符合文意。故选G。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$