2024年高考英语最后一卷02（北京卷）-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递

绝密★考试结束前 2024年高考最后一卷（北京卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 Bernard, the 82-year-old retired police officer, was heartbroken when he 1 his precious medal. His house was broken into last December. The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of 2 with Liverpool Police Station. He believed the medal was gone forever. Three months later, David, a young volunteer pulled the medal from a river in a “one-in-a-million” catch. The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to 3 metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. “I would have never found the medal if we hadn’t 4 all the rubbish in the river first,” said David. “At first, we found old bits of shopping carts and other metal items but about half an hour later, I pulled out the 5 , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆).” 6 , the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number, which David used to 7 the senior’s phone number online. The retired police officer was 8 when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. And when he was told it would be 9 to him by the young man who found it, his face lit up. David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. “This was truly the best 10 for cleaning up that rubbish... It’s amazing,” David said. 1．A．damaged B．lost C．sold D．dirtied 2．A．business B．communication C．cooperation D．service 3．A．net B．site C．cup D．fish 4．A．tackled B．deserted C．recycled D．buried 5．A．magnet B．rubbish C．box D．jewelry 6．A．Apparently B．Thankfully C．Gradually D．Consequently 7．A．track B．recall C．record D．dial 8．A．nervous B．astonished C．proud D．embarrassed 9．A．awarded B．submitted C．presented D．addressed 10．A．drive B．proof C．wish D．reward 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Music comes in different styles and forms. But my favorite music genre is jazz, and it is smooth and relaxing. Whenever I am tired or 11 desperation, I listen to jazz on my cell phone. In no time, I find myself 12 (relax). Even when I study, I also play jazz as background music. In the last few years, my days 13 (brighten) due to jazz. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Chinese poetry is an essential part of Chinese culture, 14 reflects the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of Chinese people through the ages. The forms and styles of Chinese poetry have undergone (经历) many changes, but its beauty and power have always been preserved. One of the 15 (significant) features of Chinese poetry is its use of rhyme and meter. 16 (combine) with the use of imagery and symbolism, these elements make Chinese poetry unique and unforgettable. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nearly two decades have passed since China 17 (send) the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), 18 (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging 19 (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites 20 (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty. Proctor’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey Although available outdoors from street sellers, food was banned in theatres to display respectability. In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor’s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre’s income. Proctor’s Theatre, Troy, New York Originally opened as Proctor’s Fourth Street Theatre in 1914, it hosted famous comedians such as Jack Benny and Bob Hope. From 1929, it was successively taken over, renamed as Proctor’s Troy Theatre and switched to screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing second-run films before closing in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently not being used today. RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre, New York Originally opened in 1928, RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thomas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed on the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bought and closed by its new owner who planned to build a shopping centre on the site, intentionally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservation efforts, the hall was knocked down to make way for a residential tower block. Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia The theatre was originally opened as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018. 21．In the late 1920s, Proctor’s Theatre in Newark set up stands to ________. A．show respect for the guests B．increase the theatre’s income C．promote newly released movies D．compete with the street sellers 22．What can we know from the passage? A．RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre is well preserved. B．Proctor’s Theatre in Troy plays second-run films now. C．Metropolitan Opera House has witnessed changes in its function. D．Proctor’s Theatre in Newark has been officially listed on the NRHP. 23．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To rank the old and unrestored theatres. B．To show the development of American theatres. C．To encourage people to protect the old theatres. D．To provide information on overlooked old theatres. B To the untrained eye, a pingpong ball is just a pingpong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it’s two motorcycle helmets for mice. Ever since I read Cleary’s series about Ralph, the motorcycle—riding mouse, I’ve never looked at a pingpong ball—or the world—the same way. Amazing to think that it’s been more than forty years since I checked out The Mouse and the Motorcycle from my school library in Northport, and yet that one particular image is as clear to me as ever. And why shouldn’t it be? It’s perfect. How I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Cleary’s genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable. While much of children’s literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary’s name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn’t yet understand myself. I’ve written eight children’s books and have always kept Beverly’s sense of wonder in mind. I don’t remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children’s authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary! I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “That’s fantastic! You’re your project on children’s authors and then you became one!” “Yes,” I said. “And my best friend who did her project on dolphins—became a dolphin!” “Really?” the students said in chorus. And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends. That’s what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny. 24．The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because . A．it recorded animals’ life B．it revealed the wisdom of life C．it encouraged children to raise pets D．it described the world from children’s eyes 25．When learning the author’s friend became a dolphin, the students felt________. A．amazed B．doubtful C．scared D．confused 26．What is the passage mainly about? A．What the author created to attract children. B．What the author did to turn impossible into possible. C．How Beverly Cleary aroused children’s interest in reading. D．How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary. C The days of having a dictionary on your bookshelf are numbered. But that’s OK, because everyone already walks around with a dictionary — not the one on your phone, but the one in your head. Just like a physical dictionary, your mental dictionary contains information about words. This includes the letters, sounds and meaning, or semantics, of words, as well as information about parts of speech and how you can fit words together to form grammatical sentences. While a physical dictionary is helpful for shared knowledge, your personal mental dictionary is customized based on your individual experiences. What words are in your mental dictionary might overlap with the mental dictionary of someone else who also speaks the same language, but there will also be a lot of differences between the content of your dictionaries. You add words to your mental dictionary through your educational, occupational, cultural and other life experiences. This customization also means that the size of mental dictionaries is a little bit different from person to person and varies by age. Researchers found that the average 20-year-old American English speaker knows about 42,000 unique words, and this number grows to about 48,000 by age 60. Some people will have even larger vocabularies. However, your mental dictionary can’t be like a physical dictionary since it is dynamic and quickly accessed. Your brain’s ability to retrieve a word is very fast. In one study, researchers mapped the time course of word retrieval among 24 college students by recording their brain activities while they named pictures. They found evidence that participants selected words within 200 milliseconds of seeing the image. After word selection, their brains continued to process information about that word, like what sounds are needed to say that chosen word and ignoring related words. This is why you can retrieve words with such speed in real-time conversations, often so quickly that you give little conscious attention to that process. The next time you have a conversation with someone, take a moment to reflect on why you chose the specific words you did. Remember that the words you use and the mental dictionary you have are part of what make you and your voice unique. 27．In paragraph 2, the author explains “mental dictionary” by ________. A．making comparisons B．analyzing influences C．drawing conclusions D．offering assumptions 28．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．People’s vocabulary will peak at the age of 60. B．The content of one’s mental dictionary is inherited. C．Careers have an impact on the size of a mental dictionary. D．Native English speakers share the same mental dictionaries. 29．What does the underlined word “retrieve” mean in paragraph 4? A．Revise. B．Reacquire. C．Retell. D．Represent. 30．According to the passage, which of the following may the author agree with most? A．People are aware of the word choosing process. B．Think twice before what to say in a conversation. C．Print dictionaries will be replaced by mental ones. D．Our choices of vocabulary probably tell who we are. D Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is to think abstractly about dessert. For decades, researchers have been asking the seemingly simple question of how to cut a cake fairly. The answer reaches far beyond birthday parties. A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says. The simplest approach is called the “divider-chooser” method, where one person cuts the cake into two equal pieces in his view, and the other person picks first. Each receives a piece that they feel is as valuable as the other’s. But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate, she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation. The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms (算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals. Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle (拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore. 31．What does the underlined word “distill” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Get the essence of. B．Find the opposite of. C．Keep the focus on. D．Reduce the impact on. 32．What can we learn about fairness from the example given in paragraph 3? A．Its standard is stable. B．It prevents unequal division. C．Its concept is complex. D．It dominates personal preferences. 33．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning cake cutting? A．The application of its rules. B．The details of its process. C．The problems it produces. D．The harmony it symbolizes. 34．What is the best title for the text? A．Who benefits most from fairness? B．How has fairness changed over time? C．What method works best in cake-cutting? D．Why are researchers so interested in cake-cutting? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 When did we start walking for leisure? “Going for a walk” is a popular pastime among older and younger generations alike because of its well-known benefits for our physical and mental health. But you may be surprised to hear that wandering through pretty streets or hiking in mountainous have not always been considered leisure activities, according to Daniel Gale, a researcher of pedestrianism (步行运动). 35 Before that, it was just something people did out of necessity, some of whom even associated it with criminal activity. But for Charles Dickens, the famous English 19th Century author, marching through London streets and tramping around the countryside was a big part of the creative process. 36 He walked at an impressive pace of four miles per hour, according to his biography by Peter Ackroyd. 37 Perhaps you can take inspiration from another big-thinking wanderer. 19th Century American writer Henry David Thoreau took a slower approach, preferring to stroll over hills and fields and through the woods. He said that he could not preserve his health and spirits without walking at least four hours a day. This idea of taking a stroll to clear your head has survived through to the 21st Century. But have pedestrian manners remained the same? A 1780 article for the London Magazine advised pedestrians to avoid things such as hanging around in conversation and obstructing people behind you. 38 In this modern age, when many of us are tied to our desks and to our screens, try the simple act of stepping out onto the city pavements, or getting lost in nature. 39 Whether you see yourself more as a casual stroller or a purposeful strider (阔步者), why not build a habit out of it? A．What if speed-walking isn’t your thing? B．This may make all the difference to our wellbeing. C．Nowadays, we could add distracted phone-users. D．He brought the recreation of walking into fashion. E．Going on an urban walk is much more pleasant now. F．It was a time to absorb what was going on around him. G．In Britain, walking for fun wasn’t really a thing until the 1780s. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 How to Stop Overthinking We all have times when we worry, whether it’s about work, health, family, relationships or a host of other reasons. But is there a point when you may think and worry too much? Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. For example, we may start worrying about a specific situation at work, which leads to worrying about money or losing jobs. But why do we tend to overthink? This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation. Although overthinking is hard to break, Natacha Duke, a registered psychotherapist, outlines strategies that can help. “Healthy distraction can be useful,” says Duke. Activities like reading and taking a walk can help keep our stress levels down. They can reduce our baseline level of anxiety and make us less likely to overthink. Duke adds, “Keeping a daily journal can help us actively manage stress before our feelings expand out of control.” As we practise journaling our emotions and thoughts, it becomes easier to identify when we’re starting to worry. Stopping worrying early will ultimately help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us. Some people constantly think about questions like “What if I lose my job?” or “What if I get sick?” While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. “For every ‘what if’ worry, change this to an ‘if then’ statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation,” says Duke. “Focus on having a concrete plan in place.” So, face the problems, then challenge and reframe them. Finally, we will develop effective ways to cope with overthinking. 40．What is overthinking? 41．What causes overthinking? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation. 43．Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage, what other advice will you give to a person who is always overthinking? 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知故宫正在招聘暑期英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1)介绍你的基本信息； 2)说明你的优势。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文为一记叙文。退休警察贝尔纳家遭小偷光顾，丢失的物件包括他珍贵的勋章，三个月后，利物浦参加垃圾清理计划的志愿者大卫在河道清理时，意外打捞到装有勋章的盒子，并按照上面的信息，找到了他，并交还给了他。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝尔纳是一名82岁的退休警察，他失去了珍贵的勋章，伤心欲绝。A. damaged损坏；B. lost丢失；C. sold出售；D. dirtied弄脏。根据第一段“The thief took away some jewelry, some cash and his treasured medal given for his 32 years of ____2____ with Liverpool Police Station. (小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局工作32年而获得的珍贵勋章。)”可知，小偷偷了贝尔纳的勋章，所以贝尔纳失去了（lost）勋章。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小偷偷走了一些珠宝、现金和他因在利物浦警察局任职32年而获得的珍贵勋章。A. business业务；B. communication沟通；C. cooperation合作；D. service服务。根据句中的his treasured medal given for his 32 years可知，这个勋章是因为他多年的工作而得到的，此处考查名词serve，意为“长期、受到敬重的工作，效劳，服务”，常用名词短语service with…，意为“在……任职，工作”，故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。A. net净赚；B. site使坐落在；C. cup做成杯状；D. fish搜寻，摸找。此处考查动词短语fish sth out of sth，意为“从……中取出，拿出，拖出……”，根据上一句“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。)”，磁铁可以吸附一些金属，故这位年轻人用磁铁吸附河道里的金属垃圾，以清理河道。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有先处理河里的所有垃圾，我永远不会找到勋章。A. tackled处理；B. deserted遗弃；C. recycled回收；D. buried掩埋。根据上文“The young man was in a litter clean-up programme in Liverpool. He had been using a large magnet (磁铁) to ____3____ metal rubbish out of the river for 30 minutes when he found a small blue metal box. (这名年轻人正在利物浦参加垃圾清理计划。他用一块大磁铁从河里打捞金属垃圾30分钟后，他发现了一个蓝色的小金属盒子。)”可知，这个垃圾清理计划包括了清理河道里的金属垃圾，tackled符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我们发现了购物车和其他金属物品的旧碎片，但大约半小时后，我拽出一个盒子，上面写着“警察长期服务勋章”，真的就像大海捞针一样。A. magnet磁铁；B. rubbish垃圾；C. box盒子；D. jewelry珠宝。根据下文“The retired police officer was ____8____ when he received a call saying the medal had been found in a river, still in its metal box. (当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。)”可知，勋章存放在盒子（box）里。故选C项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. Apparently显然；B. Thankfully谢天谢地；C. Gradually逐渐；D. Consequently因此。能够通过勋章上的信息找到失主，是一件庆幸的事，Thankfully符合语境。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，奖章上刻着伯纳德的名字和奖章号码，大卫用它在网上追踪了这位前辈的电话号码。A. track追查；B. recall回想起；C. record记录；D. dial拨号。句中的the medal was carved with Bernard’s name and the medal number可知，勋章上的信息方便David追查（track）到失主的电话号码。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：(当这位退休警官接到电话说勋章在河里被发现时，勋章还装在金属盒子里，他非常惊讶。A. nervous紧张的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. proud骄傲的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据第一段最后一句“He believed the medal was gone forever. (他以为奖章永远消失了。)”可知，原本伯纳德认为，勋章再也找不回来了，但现在有人打电话告知勋章的下落，他惊讶，在情理之中。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他被告知发现它的年轻人将把它交给他时，他的脸上露出了笑容。A. awarded授予；B. submitted屈服；C. presented提交，交给；D. addressed致辞。根据下文“David then planned a visit to meet Bernard and returned the medal to him. (随后，大卫计划去拜访伯纳德，并把奖章还给了他。)”可知，David不但找到了失主，还亲自把勋章交给了（presented）他。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是清理垃圾的最好回报。A. drive驱动；B. proof证明；C. wish愿望；D. reward奖励，回报。根据下文“It’s amazing (这事令人惊奇)”，上文“I pulled out the ____5____ , and it’s got ‘Police Long Service Medal’ written on it, It really was like finding a needle in a haystack (干草堆). (我拽出一个盒子，上面写着‘警察长期服务勋章’，真的就像大海捞针一样。)”可知，清理河道金属垃圾的过程中，意外发现勋章，并归还失主，实属意料之外的好事，reward符合语境。故选D项。 11．in 12．relaxed 13．have been brightened 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在最喜欢的音乐类型是爵士乐，因为它流畅而放松。在过去的几年里，作者的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。 11．考查介词。句意：每当我累了或绝望的时候，我就用手机听爵士乐。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语in desperation“在绝望中，处于绝望状态中”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词in的填入。故填in。 12．考查形容词。句意：很快，我发现自己放松了。根据句意可知，此处为形容词relaxed“感到放松的”作宾语补足语，满足句意要求。故填relaxed。 13．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语In the last few years可知，此处为现在完成时，主语my days单数名词和动词brighten为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been brightened。 14．which 15．most significant 16．Combined 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国诗歌作为文化瑰宝，穿越时代映照国人情思，其韵律美与象征意象的独特融合，成就了不可磨灭的艺术魅力与深远影响。 14．考查定语从句。句意：中国诗歌是中华文化的重要组成部分，它反映了世代中国人的情感、思想和经历。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 15．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国诗歌最重要的特点之一是押韵和韵律的运用。这里要求填入significant“重要的”的适当形式来修饰features。由于“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是一个固定结构，用于表达“最……之一”，因此需要将significant变为最高级形式most significant。故填most significant。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：与意象和象征手法的结合，这些元素使得中国诗歌独特且难以忘怀。本句谓语为make，此处为非谓语动词，且combine“（使）结合”与逻辑主语these elements之间是被动关系，故用现在分词形式combining，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Combined。 17．sent 18．forming 19．services 20．launched 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。 17．考查时态。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。结合in 2000可知，since引导的时间状语时态用一般过去时，谓语用send“发送”的过去式。故填sent。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）。本句谓语为were sent，此处为非谓语动词，form“形成”与其逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作结果状语。故填forming。 19．考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。service“服务”为可数名词，根据上文positioning, navigation, timing and messaging可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。 20．考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。这里是with复合结构，即“with+宾补+宾补”，因为Beidou satellites“北斗卫星”和launch“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作宾补。故填launched。 21．B 22．C 23．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个被人们忽略的老剧院。 21．细节理解题。根据Proctor’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey部分的“In the late 1920s, however, the operators in Proctor’s Theatre in Newark began to set up stands to improve the economic situation during the Great Depression. Popcorn and Coke would become a significant part of the theatre’s income.（然而，在20世纪20年代末，纽瓦克的普罗克特剧院的经营者开始设立摊位，以改善大萧条时期的经济状况。爆米花和可乐将成为剧院收入的重要组成部分）”可知，在20世纪20年Proctor’s Theatre in Newark设立（小吃）摊位是为了增加剧院的收入。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia部分的“In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metropolitan Opera House, showing silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the 1940s, it became a sports arena. In 1954, it was turned into a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the developer came to an agreement on a repair for a music venue that was completed and reopened in 2018.（在20世纪20年代，它被重新命名为大都会歌剧院，除了主办各种歌剧公司外，还放映无声电影。在20世纪40年代，它变成了一个运动场。1954年，它被改成了教堂。上世纪90年代末，这栋建筑被Mark Hatcher买下。教堂和开发商就音乐场地的修复达成了协议，该场地于2018年完工并重新开放）”可知，Metropolitan Opera House从上世纪20年代到本世纪大约100年间几经变化，从歌剧院到运动场，再到教堂，目前它是一个音乐场地，即Metropolitan Opera House的功能发生了变化。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段“Old and unrestored theatres are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook unveils their often overlooked beauty.（我们周围到处都是未修复的老剧院，却无人注意。一本新的相册揭示了它们经常被忽视的美）”结合下文对四个老剧院的独特之处的介绍可知，本文的目的是提供一些有关被忽略的旧剧院的资料。故选D。 24．D 25．A 26．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者是如何受到贝弗利·克利里的启发成为一名作家的。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ever since I read Cleary’s series about Ralph, the motorcycle—riding mouse, I’ve never looked at a pingpong ball—or the world—the same way. （自从我读了克利里关于骑摩托车的老鼠拉尔夫的系列小说后，我就再也没有以同样的方式看待过乒乓球——或者世界）”第五段的“While much of children’s literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created characters who saw the world as only children can. With great interest, I read every book that bore Beverly Cleary’s name.（很多儿童文学作品都试图从一个聪明、温柔的成年人的角度来解释世界，而克利里创作的人物则以只有儿童才能看到的视角来看待世界。带着极大的兴趣，我读了每一本写着贝弗利·克利里名字的书）”可知，The Mouse and the Motorcycle令作者印象深刻是因为它从儿童的视角来描述世界。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据倒数第四和第三段““And my best friend who did her project on dolphins—became a dolphin!”“Really?” the students said in chorus.（‘我最好的一个做海豚项目的朋友变成了一只海豚!’‘真的吗?’学生们异口同声地说）”推知，当孩子们得知作者的一个朋友变成了海豚时他们感到很惊讶。故选A。 26．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其倒数第六段的“I’ve written eight children’s books and have always kept Beverly’s sense of wonder in mind.（我已经写了八本儿童读物，并一直将贝弗利的好奇心铭记在心）”和“I chose children’s authors, with a large chunk of my project being about who else? Beverly Cleary!（我选择了儿童作家，我的项目很大一部分是关于贝弗利·克利里！）”和最后一段“That’s what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny.（这是贝弗利·克利里教我的。在一个有天赋的小说家手中，一切皆有可能，并且非常有趣）”可知，本文主要讲述了作者是如何受到贝弗利·克利里的启发成为一名作家的。故选D。 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了心理词典与实体词典的区别以及心理词典的特点。 27．推理判断题。根据第二段段首句“Just like a physical dictionary, your mental dictionary contains information about words.”（就像实体词典一样，你的心理词典也包含有关单词的信息。）以及段尾句“While a physical dictionary is helpful for shared knowledge, your personal mental dictionary is customized based on your individual experiences.”（虽然实体词典有助于分享知识，但你的个人心理词典是根据你的个人经验定制的。）可知，作者通过比较心理词典和实体字典来解释mental dictionary的具体含义，故选A项。 28．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You add words to your mental dictionary through your educational, occupational, cultural and other life experiences.”（你通过自己的教育、职业、文化和其他生活经历将单词添加到你的心理词典中）可知，职业对于心理词典的容量大小有影响。故选C项。 29．词句猜测题。根据上文“However, your mental dictionary can’t be like a physical dictionary since it is dynamic and quickly accessed.”（然而，你的心理词典不能像实体词典一样，因为它是动态的和快速访问的）和“They found evidence that participants selected words within 200 milliseconds of seeing the image.”（他们发现有证据表明，参与者在看到图像后200毫秒内选择了单词）可知，你的大脑恢复单词的能力非常快。所以划线词的意思是“重新获得”。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段段尾句“Remember that the words you use and the mental dictionary you have are part of what make you and your voice unique.”（记住，你所使用的词汇和你所拥有的心理词典是使你和你的声音独一无二的部分）可知，“人们的说话用词是展现个体独特性的一个方面”，说明我们对词汇的选择可能会告诉我们自己是谁。故选D项。 31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍各个领域的研究人员对切蛋糕这一问题的本质和方法的研究以及切蛋糕的规则在解决现实问题中的应用。 31．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A mathematical problem at its heart, cake cutting connects strict reasoning to real-world issues of fairness, and so attracts not only mathematicians, but also social scientists, economists and more. “It’s a very elegant model in which you can distill what fairness really is, and reason about it,” Procaccia says. (切蛋糕是一个数学问题的核心，它将严格的推理与现实世界的公平问题联系在一起，因此不仅吸引了数学家，也吸引了社会科学家、经济学家等。Procaccia说：“这是一个非常优雅的模型，在这个模型中，你可以distill出什么是公平，并对此进行推理。”)”可知，这里说明人们可以通过切蛋糕问题来提炼理解什么是公平，所以distill的意思应该是“提炼”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段“But when personal preferences are taken into account, even the easiest rule becomes complicated. Suppose Alice and Bob are to divide a cake, and Alice knows Bob prefers chocolate, she may knowingly divide the cake unequally so the smaller piece contains more chocolate. Then Bob will choose according to his preference, and Alice will get the larger piece. Both of them are satisfied with what they get, but the meaning of fairness changes in this situation. (但当考虑到个人偏好时，即使是最简单的规则也会变得复杂。假设爱丽丝和鲍勃要分一块蛋糕，爱丽丝知道鲍勃更喜欢巧克力，她可能会故意把蛋糕分得不相等，这样小的一块含有更多的巧克力。然后鲍勃会根据自己的喜好进行选择，爱丽丝会得到更大的一块。他们都对所得到的感到满意，但公平的意义在这种情况下发生了变化。)”可知，公平这一概念是很复杂的。故选C。 33．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The cake is a symbol for any divisible good. When cake-cutting principles are employed to settle disagreements, they are potentially helping the world find solutions. Procaccia has used fair division algorithms(算法) to model food distribution. Social scientist Haris Aziz is exploring situations ranging from how to divide up daily tasks to how to best schedule doctors’ shifts in hospitals. (蛋糕是任何可分割商品的象征。当切蛋糕的原则被用来解决分歧时，它们有可能帮助世界找到解决方案。Procaccia使用公平分配算法对食物分配进行建模。社会科学家Haris Aziz正在探索各种情况，从如何分配日常任务到如何最好地安排医生在医院的轮班。)”可知，这一段主要介绍切蛋糕规则的应用。故选A。 34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ariel Procaccia has thought a lot about how to cut a cake over the last 15 years. As the father of three children, he knows how hard it is to divide a birthday cake to everyone’s satisfaction. But it’s also because Procaccia’s work focuses on exploring the mathematical rules for dividing stuff up fairly. One way to do that is to think abstractly about dessert. (Ariel Procaccia在过去的15年里思考了很多关于如何切蛋糕的问题。作为三个孩子的父亲，他知道要让每个人都满意地分一个生日蛋糕有多难。但这也是因为Procaccia的工作专注于探索公平划分事物的数学规则。一种方法是抽象地思考甜点。)”和最后一段“Even after decades of investigation, cake cutting isn’t like a simple jigsaw puzzle(拼图) with a well-defined solution. Instead, over time, it has evolved into a kind of mathematical sandbox, a constructive playground that brings together abstract proofs and easy applications. The more researchers explore it, the more there is to explore. (即使经过几十年的调查，切蛋糕也不像一个简单的拼图游戏，有明确的解决方案。相反，随着时间的推移，它已经演变成一种数学沙盒，一个将抽象证明和简单应用程序结合在一起的建设性游乐场。研究人员对它的探索越多，就越有探索的余地。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍研究者为什么对切蛋糕问题感兴趣。故选D。 35．G 36．F 37．A 38．C 39．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了散步的历史以及好处。 35．根据后文“Before that, it was just something people did out of necessity, some of whom even associated it with criminal activity.(在此之前，这只是人们出于需要而做的事情，有些人甚至把它与犯罪活动联系在一起)”可知，本句主要在说明散步流行起来的时间。故G选项“在英国，直到18世纪80年代，以散步为乐趣才真正成为一件事”符合语境，故选G。 36．根据上文“But for Charles Dickens, the famous English 19th Century author, marching through London streets and tramping around the countryside was a big part of the creative process. (但对19世纪英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯来说，在伦敦街头游行、在乡间漫步是创作过程的重要组成部分)”可知，上文提到著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢创作的时候散步，故本句承接上文，说明这么做的原因。故F选项“这是一个吸收周围发生的事情的时候”符合语境，故选F。 37．根据后文“Perhaps you can take inspiration from another big-thinking wanderer. 19th Century American writer Henry David Thoreau took a slower approach, preferring to stroll over hills and fields and through the woods. He said that he could not preserve his health and spirits without walking at least four hours a day.(也许你可以从另一个胸怀大志的流浪者身上得到启发。19世纪的美国作家亨利·大卫·梭罗采取了一种较慢的方式，他更喜欢在山丘、田野和树林里漫步。他说，如果每天不走至少四个小时，他就无法保持健康和精神)”可知，后文主要说明了漫步的放松方式，结合上一段“He walked at an impressive pace of four miles per hour, according to his biography by Peter Ackroyd.(根据彼得·阿克罗伊德的传记，他以每小时4英里的惊人速度行走)”提到了快速行走，故A选项“如果你不喜欢快走呢？”符合语境，故选A。 38．根据上文“This idea of taking a stroll to clear your head has survived through to the 21st Century. But have pedestrian manners remained the same? A 1780 article for the London Magazine advised pedestrians to avoid things such as hanging around in conversation and obstructing people behind you.(通过散步来清醒头脑的想法一直延续到21世纪。但是，行人的举止还保持不变吗？1780年《伦敦杂志》上的一篇文章建议行人避免在谈话中徘徊或妨碍身后的人)”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明导致行人散步行为发生改变的情况，故C选项“现在，我们可以加上分心的电话用户”符合语境，故选C。 39．根据上文“In this modern age, when many of us are tied to our desks and to our screens, try the simple act of stepping out onto the city pavements, or getting lost in nature.(在这个现代时代，当我们中的许多人都被束缚在办公桌和屏幕前时，试着走到城市的人行道上，或者迷失在大自然中)”以及后文“Whether you see yourself more as a casual stroller or a purposeful strider (阔步者), why not build a habit out of it?(无论你把自己看成是一个随意的漫步者还是一个有目的的步行者，为什么不养成一种习惯呢？)”可知，后文建议出去散步，可知本句是在说明散步的好处。故B选项“这可能会对我们的健康产生很大的影响”符合语境，故选B。 40．Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. 41．This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation. 42．A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation. While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation. 43．Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking.They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了停止过度思考的方法。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. (过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力)”可知，过度思考是一种不健康的习惯，通常会因为关注消极的一面而不是提出合理的解决方案而导致更多的压力。故答案为Overthinking is an unhealthy habit that typically causes more stress by focusing on the negative instead of coming up with logical solutions. 41．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation(这通常是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误，比如孤注一掷的思维和过度概括)”可知，过度思考是由于认知错误，这基本上是逻辑思维中的错误所造成的。故答案为This is often due to cognitive errors, which are basically errors in logical thinking, such as all-or-nothing thinking and overgeneralisation. 42．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some people constantly think about questions like “What if I lose my job?” or “What if I get sick?” While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation(有些人经常会想这样的问题：“如果我失业了怎么办?”或者“如果我生病了怎么办?”虽然有这些想法很正常，但当我们只关注最坏的情况时，它就会成为一个问题)”以及“For every ‘what if’ worry, change this to an ‘if then’ statement where you come up with ideas to deal with the worry or the worst-case situation,” says Duke. “Focus on having a concrete plan in place.”(对于每一个“如果”的担忧，把它变成一个“如果”的陈述，在那里你想出了解决担忧或最坏情况的方法，杜克说。专注于制定一个具体的计划)”故答案为A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it helps him focus on the worst-case situation. While having these thoughts is normal, it becomes a problem when we focus only on the worst-case situation. Therefore, A man can stop overthinking if he changes “what if” questions to “if then” statements, because it can stop him focus on the worst-case situation. 43．开放性试题。Seeking professional help is also an effective way to cope with overthinking. They can give us better advice which will help us feel better and stay focused on what matters most to us. 44．Dear Sir/Madam, I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation. I am writing to apply for this position. I’m a Senior 3 student in Hongxing Middle school, and I believe I am qualified for the position. These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. Besides, as a fan of Chinese ancient history, I am sure my knowledge will be helpful when I introduce the Forbidden City to foreign guests. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. Thank you for your consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“故宫正在招聘暑期英文讲解员”一事，给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：介绍你的基本信息；说明你的优势。 【详解】1.词汇积累 暑假：summer vacation→summer holidays 职位：position→occupation 此外：besides→what’s more 有益的：be helpful→be of help 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：These years, I have been on several exchange programs in America, so I am confident with my communication skills in English. 拓展句：These years, as I have been on several exchange programs in America, I am confident with my communication skills in English. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$