精品解析：湖南省长沙市南雅中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

南雅中学2024年上期第三次月考试题 高二英语 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Who is most probably Esther? A. A director. B. A reporter. C. A ballet dancer. 2. What did Sarah emphasize just now? A. Teamwork. B. Responsibility. C. Creative thinking. 3. What does the woman think of the weather? A. It’s very warm. B. It’s pretty hot. C. It’s super cold. 4. What does Greg ask Chloe to do? A. Draw up a notice. B. Send an application. C. View an advertisement. 5. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A charity event. B. A volunteer. C. A restaurant. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the man probably be doing at 10: 00 a. m. tomorrow? A. Having a meal with Ms. Carey. B. Talking about marketing strategies. C. Attending a budget review meeting. 7. When is tomorrow’s conference call scheduled for? A. 5: 30 p. m. B. 4: 30 p. m. C. 3: 00 p. m. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Fellow passengers. C. Air hostess and passenger. 9. Why does the man go to France? A. For sightseeing. B. For shopping. C. For business. 10. Where does the woman come from? A. The Netherlands. B. Britain. C. Thailand. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What does Dylan Warren say about the car? A. Its scratch was from a serious accident. B. Its air conditioning system is new. C. It has run more than 40,000 miles. 12. What is Jessica James dissatisfied with about the car? A. The engine. B. The brakes. C. The suspensions. 13. How much does Dylan Warren want to sell the car for? A. $ 5,500. B. $ 6,000. C. $ 6,500. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Which of the following appeals to the woman most? A. Shaolin kung fu. B. Wing Chun. C. Tai chi. 15. What does the man appreciate about drunken boxing? A. Its health benefits. B. Its interesting effects. C. Its graceful movements. 16. What do the speakers talk about in the end? A. The significance of Chinese martial arts. B. The new concept of Chinese philosophy. C. Different forms of self-defense. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Debra Rosenthal teach? A. Climate Change: Global Impacts. B. Environmental Literature. C. Organic Chemistry. 18. Why was Isidora Djuki c initially unsure about the idea of the board game? A. She didn’t enjoy playing board games. B. She doubted its effectiveness in learning. C. She preferred traditional classroom discussions. 19. How does the board game “Solutions” differ from “Monopoly”? A. The players in “Solutions” work towards a common goal. B. The aim of “Solutions” is to compete against other players. C. The game “Solutions” includes collecting recyclable materials. 20. What do we know about the board game “Solutions”? A. It needs to be played with six copies at the same time. B. It often involves votes to make a decision. C. It requires students to measure the temperature. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are four universities in Germany that offer free tuition for their students. Technical University of Munich (TUM) This university is the best technical university in Germany. It was established in 1868 by King Ludwig II. The university was renamed Technische Universitat Munchen in 1970. Its alumni (校友) included several Nobel Prize winners, including Konrad Emil Bloch for Medicine or Physiology and Robert Huber for Chemistry. This free university offers undergraduate degrees in Aerspace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Information Science, Nuclear Technology, and Agricultural Sciences and others. Munich University of Applied Sciences (MUAS) Established in 1971, it is the largest university of applied sciences in Bavaria, and the second largest in Germany. It was established following the merger (合并) of seven colleges of higher education. It offers a variety of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in different subjects. It holds partnerships with more than 200 universities across Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Approximately 13% of its students come from abroad. Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) LMU, founded in 1472, is a renowned European university known for its academics and research, As a top European research university, LM covers many subjects, including humanities, law, economics, medicine, and natural sciences. LMU has 18 faculties and an excellent library system. They emphasize creative thinking, problem - solving, and research in their academic programs. Academy of Media Arts Cologne( KHM) The Academy was founded in 1990, also known as KHM in German. It is a public academic institution that offers a special and unique concept of study: instead of separating the field s of film, television, art, design and theory, they are integrated into a single course of study leading to a diploma in Audiovisual Media. It is home to over 400 students, with nearly 50% international students. 1. What do we know about Munich University of Applied Sciences? A. It is the biggest university in Germany. B. It was formed by combining several colleges. C. It owns an excellent library system. D. It has some Nobel Prize winners in its history. 2. Which university has the longest history? A. TUM. B. LMU. C. KHM. D. MUAS. 3. What makes the Academy of Media Arts Cologne stand out? A. It was founded by a king. B. It is a private academy. C. It has fewer international students. D. It only provides one program. B There can be no doubt that Stephen King, New York Time’s Best-Selling author, has found success in many aspects, but it wasn’t always like this. King witnessed tragedy and horrors from the very beginning. When he was 2 years old, his father told his mom that he was going out to get cigarettes but in fact, he never came back, he had abandoned his family. This left his mother Ruth to care for Stephen and his elder brother David on her own. Ruth was forced to move often, desperately looking for work as she was now the only provider of the family, and she had to rely on relatives most of the time. One day Stephen went out to play with friends and when he came back, he wasn’t even able to speak a single word, it seemed he was hurt mentally or something, but he still got the courage to continue forward. It turned out that one of his friends was hit by a train and died, which left an emotional scar on him. King later on, dropped out of school due to some serious health concerns and was told that he had to enlist (入伍) again the next fall, which demotivated him too. Although Stephen King didn’t see his childhood as something extraordinary or special, he did say that he was always fascinated by scary things. People used to acknowledge the King family by their love of literature, in fact whenever Stephen’s mom had to go out, she didn’t hire a babysitter, for the kids used to read novels to each other so they would not get bored. Stephen King’s love of stories was developed from a very young age and he carried that tradition with his own children along with his wife Tabitha. In 1973, Stephen King started his amazing journey of success when he published his first novel Carrie, which is scary. The rest followed from after that as he published many amazing books like The Shining, IT, Firestarter, and Cujo. All of these books became instant classics and got their own movie and television shows adaptions. 4. What is mainly talked about about Stephen King in the first two paragraphs? A. His achievements in writing. B. His unfortunate childhood. C. His difficulty in supporting the family. D. His mother’s bitter experiences. 5. What left Stephen King not even speaking a single word? A. He was knocked down by a passing train. B. He was badly criticized by a close friend. C. He was depressed by the constant moves. D. He was heart-struck by a terrible accident. 6. What does the underlined word “demotivated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Discouraged. B. Relaxed. C. Embarrassed. D. Inspired. 7 Why didn’t Stephen’s mom hire a babysitter? A. The family was too poor to hire a babysitter. B. The family could not find a proper babysitter. C. The children could actually entertain themselves. D. The children didn’t like to be cared for by others. C On December 16, 2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatán Peninsula —from Cancún’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological wonders. Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment-and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul biosphere reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s(含水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface. “It’s like wanting to build over eggshells,” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant. “Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. 8. What do we know about the Maya Train project? A. It consumes lots of labor in Mexico. B. It has concerned some professionals. C. It was completed on December 16,2023. D. It blocks the development of local tourism. 9. What effect do the train lines have on the animals in the reserve? A. Restricting their activities. B. Polluting their water sources. C. Disturbing their sleeping patterns. D. Attracting their enemies to the area. 10. Why does the author mention “eggshells” in Paragraph 4? A. To show the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. B. To prove the urgency of protectıng the fragile ecosystem. C. To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D. To stress Maya Train’s potential harm to the aquifer system. 11. Which statement would the author probably agree with? A. Preserving cultural sites requires strong financial support. B. It is time to speed up the con truction process of Maya Train. C. We should value the economic benefits of the project in the long run. D. Economic development should not come at the cost of the environment. D Zoologists studied the nervous systems of insects to investigate principles of biological brain computation and possible effects on machine learning and artificial intelligence. Specifically, they analysed how insects learn to associate sensory information in their environment with a food reward, and how they can recall this information later in order to solve complex tasks such as the search for food. Living organisms show remarkable abilities in coping with problems posed by complex and dynamic environments. They are able to generalize their experiences in order to rapidly adapt their behaviour when the environment changes. The zoologists investigated how the nervous system of the fruit fly controls its behaviour when searching for food. Using a computer model, they simulated and analysed the computations in the fruit fly’s nervous system in response to scents (气味) coming from the food source. They initially trained their model of the fly brain in exactly the same way as insects are trained in experiments. They presented a specific scent in the simulation together with a reward and a second scent without a reward. “The model rapidly learns a strong representation of the rewarded scent after just a few scent presentations and is then able to find the source of this scent in a complex environment,” said computer scientist Dr Hannes Rapp, who created the model. The model created is thus capable to generalize from its memory and to apply what it has learned previously in a completely new and complex environment, while learning required only a very small database of training samples. The results suggest that the transformation of sensory information into memories in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applications to solving complex tasks. 12. What is the ultimate aim of the research? A. To investigate principles of biological brain computation. B. To solve problems in simulated complex environments. C. To analyse how insects search for food in complex environment. D. To promote machine learning and AI applications. 13. How did zoologists mainly carry out their research? A. By observing fruit flies. B. By performing lab experiments. C. By using a computer model. D. By carrying out field research. 14. What is mainly discussed about the study in paragraphs 3-5? A Its findings. B. Its process. C. Its importance. D. Its application. 15. What does the result of this study imply? A. Artificial intelligence is applied to the study of insect brain. B. Food reward is connected with information transformation. C. Sensory information can be applied to solving complex tasks. D. Studying living organisms can make a difference to AI research. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Education is a self-enlightening process. It is an important part of life. ____16____ The first thing that strikes me about education is knowledge gain. Education gives us knowledge of the world around us. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on things in life. Education makes us capable of explaining things rightly. It is not just about lessons in textbooks. ____17____ Education is important also because it equips us with all that is needed to make our dreams come true. It opens doors to brilliant career opportunities. ____18____ We are weighed in the market on the basis of our educational skills and how well we can apply them. ____19____ It wipes out all the wrong beliefs in our minds. It helps create a clear picture of everything around us and we no longer remain in confusion about the things we learn. It can lead us to enlightenment. It is education that builds in every individual the confidence to make decisions, to face life and to accept success and failure. For the progress of a nation, for the enrichment of society in general, education is necessary and important. A country’s literate population is its asset(有利条件). The number of institutes offering vocational courses and colleges offering online education is increasing by the day. Well, schools, colleges and other such educational institutes define the basic framework of education. But education does not end here. ____20____ Self-learning begins at a point where institutional education ends. The process of self-learning continues. A. Education is essential as it paves the path leading to disillusionment(醒悟). B. Why is education so important? C. It is a lifelong process. D. How can people get education? E. It brings better prospects in career and growth. F. It is about the lessons of life. G. It ends when our career begins. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them ___21___ out of mud. Sumer ___22___ the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE early Sumerians used channels and dams to ___23___ river water and farm large areas of previously ___24___ land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly ___25___ in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the ___26___ step. Using ___27___ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first ___28___, like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first ___29___ system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from _____30_____ well into adulthood. They _____31_____ accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the _____32_____ empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the _____33_____ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and _____34_____. Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be _____35_____ until the 19th century. 21. A. permanently B. quickly C. patiently D. entirely 22. A. occupied B. destroyed C. lost D. attacked 23. A. separate B. interrupt C. redirect D. freeze 24. A. dry B. royal C. awesome D. rich 25. A. wearing down B. springing up C. rising up D. breaking down 26. A. next B. last C. slow D. same 27. A. equipment B. basins C. walls D. bricks 28. A. emperors B. universities C. cities D. palaces 29. A. law B. school C. construction D. labour 30. A. society B. childhood C. community D. parenthood 31. A. invented B. dismissed C. learned D. preserved 32. A. only B. safe C. weak D. reliable 33. A. region B. center C. river D. farm 34. A. strengthened B. saved C. surrounded D. overturned 35. A. rebuilt B. relocated C. rediscovered D. reunited 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Shanghai Disney Resort celebrated the ____36____ (ten) anniversary of its groundbreaking on Thursday, ____37____ President Joe Schott expressing great confidence in the resort’s future. “We believe in the long-term benefits of the China market. That’s ____38____ you will see us continue to do,” Schott says. Since its opening, the Shanghai Disney Resort ____39____ (set) many records, which include beating market ____40____ (expect) by welcoming more than 11 million visitors in its first year of operations. The main features of the resort saw rapid expansion of its operations. The first major expansion, Disney Pixar Toy Story Land, opened on April 26, 2018, ____41____ (make) Shanghai Disneyland the fastest Disneyland in the world to expand after ____42____ (open). The second major expansion is the Zootopia themed land, ____43____ is currently under construction. It is also the first-ever Zootopia themed land at any Disney park in the world. He Jianmin, a professor at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, says the resort has made a positive impact on the industry, improving service quality ____44____ innovating tourism products. Shanghai plans to double the number of scenic spots and tourism projects with more than 10 million visits ____45____(annual) in 2025, as compared with last year. He hopes the Shanghai Disney Resort could be a new driver for high-quality development of the tourism industry. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外籍心理学教授Mr Peterson正在做一个关于中学生学习压力现状的调查，作为调查对象，请你结合自身经历给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 原因及其影响； 2. 压力缓解方式。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr Peterson, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Almost every childhood memory I have is centred on food. Telling stories around a crowded table at holiday dinners, the smell of roasting vegetables, the sensation (感受) of heat coming from the kitchen, all picture a familiar feeling of love and comfort. My favourite memory of all is of my grandparents making and baking bread together. To this day, I have never tasted bread that is as delicious as theirs. No other loaf has ever been made with that kind of powerful, unconditional love. When our son Brian, one of seventh graders, began to refuse usual communication with me, I felt desperate. How I missed those lovely old days when he couldn’t wait to tell me his stories in kindergarten the moment I arrived home without getting changed! And there were also times when he brought loads of storybooks to me and demanded to be told all the stories before going to bed. But I didn’t know since when everything changed. There was hardly any sharing about his daily school life with friends or any trouble about his schoolwork. Most of the time, his bedroom door was closed. The cold silence between us seemed to warn me that love between us began to fade. At that time, like most mothers, I couldn’t focus on work and couldn’t sleep well. Why did things go off track so much? Was it because my work took away most of my energy that family love was taken for granted? Was it because my only precious spare time went too much to my two-year-old baby daughter that Brian’s need for my company was ignored? The more I reflected, the more I felt myself to blame and it was my responsibility to find a way out. One day, as my eyes landed onto the bread on the kitchen table, I was reminded of those sweet childhood memories, “Could food help us make a change?” I wondered. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With an uneasy feeling, I decided to try. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ More than that, one weekend evening, Brian offered to help me in the kitchen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力 1—5 ACCAA 6—10 BCBCA 11—15 CACC B 16—20 ABBAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 南雅中学2024年上期第三次月考试题 高二英语 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1 Who is most probably Esther? A. A director. B. A reporter. C. A ballet dancer. 2. What did Sarah emphasize just now? A. Teamwork. B. Responsibility. C. Creative thinking. 3. What does the woman think of the weather? A. It’s very warm. B. It’s pretty hot. C. It’s super cold. 4. What does Greg ask Chloe to do? A Draw up a notice. B. Send an application. C. View an advertisement. 5. What is the conversation mainly about? A. A charity event. B. A volunteer. C. A restaurant. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What will the man probably be doing at 10: 00 a. m. tomorrow? A. Having a meal with Ms. Carey. B. Talking about marketing strategies. C. Attending a budget review meeting. 7. When is tomorrow’s conference call scheduled for? A. 5: 30 p. m. B. 4: 30 p. m. C. 3: 00 p. m. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Fellow passengers. C. Air hostess and passenger. 9. Why does the man go to France? A. For sightseeing. B. For shopping. C. For business. 10. Where does the woman come from? A. The Netherlands. B. Britain. C. Thailand. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What does Dylan Warren say about the car? A. Its scratch was from a serious accident. B. Its air conditioning system is new. C. It has run more than 40,000 miles. 12. What is Jessica James dissatisfied with about the car? A. The engine. B. The brakes. C. The suspensions. 13. How much does Dylan Warren want to sell the car for? A. $ 5,500. B. $ 6,000. C. $ 6,500. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Which of the following appeals to the woman most? A. Shaolin kung fu. B. Wing Chun. C. Tai chi. 15. What does the man appreciate about drunken boxing? A. Its health benefits. B. Its interesting effects. C. Its graceful movements. 16. What do the speakers talk about in the end? A. The significance of Chinese martial arts. B. The new concept of Chinese philosophy. C. Different forms of self-defense. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does Debra Rosenthal teach? A. Climate Change: Global Impacts. B. Environmental Literature. C. Organic Chemistry. 18. Why was Isidora Djuki c initially unsure about the idea of the board game? A. She didn’t enjoy playing board games. B. She doubted its effectiveness in learning. C. She preferred traditional classroom discussions. 19. How does the board game “Solutions” differ from “Monopoly”? A. The players in “Solutions” work towards a common goal. B. The aim of “Solutions” is to compete against other players. C. The game “Solutions” includes collecting recyclable materials. 20. What do we know about the board game “Solutions”? A. It needs to be played with six copies at the same time. B. It often involves votes to make a decision. C. It requires students to measure the temperature. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are four universities in Germany that offer free tuition for their students. Technical University of Munich (TUM) This university is the best technical university in Germany. It was established in 1868 by King Ludwig II. The university was renamed Technische Universitat Munchen in 1970. Its alumni (校友) included several Nobel Prize winners, including Konrad Emil Bloch for Medicine or Physiology and Robert Huber for Chemistry. This free university offers undergraduate degrees in Aerspace Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Information Science, Nuclear Technology, and Agricultural Sciences and others. Munich University of Applied Sciences (MUAS) Established in 1971, it is the largest university of applied sciences in Bavaria, and the second largest in Germany. It was established following the merger (合并) of seven colleges of higher education. It offers a variety of bachelor’s and master’s degrees in different subjects. It holds partnerships with more than 200 universities across Europe, North and South America, and Asia. Approximately 13% of its students come from abroad. Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) LMU, founded in 1472, is a renowned European university known for its academics and research, As a top European research university, LM covers many subjects, including humanities, law, economics, medicine, and natural sciences. LMU has 18 faculties and an excellent library system. They emphasize creative thinking, problem - solving, and research in their academic programs. Academy of Media Arts Cologne( KHM) The Academy was founded in 1990, also known as KHM in German. It is a public academic institution that offers a special and unique concept of study: instead of separating the field s of film, television, art, design and theory, they are integrated into a single course of study leading to a diploma in Audiovisual Media. It is home to over 400 students, with nearly 50% international students. 1. What do we know about Munich University of Applied Sciences? A. It is the biggest university in Germany. B. It was formed by combining several colleges. C. It owns an excellent library system. D. It has some Nobel Prize winners in its history. 2. Which university has the longest history? A. TUM. B. LMU. C. KHM. D. MUAS. 3. What makes the Academy of Media Arts Cologne stand out? A. It was founded by a king. B. It is a private academy. C. It has fewer international students. D. It only provides one program. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四所位于慕尼黑的大学。它们的共同特点是免收学费。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Munich University of Applied Sciences(MUAS)部分“It was established following the merger(合并) of seven colleges of higher education.( 它是由七所高等教育学院合并而成的。)”可知，该大学由七所高校合并而成。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ludwig Maximilian University(LMU)部分“LMU, founded in 1472”可知，该校建于1472年。结合其他三所大学的建立时间可知，Ludwig Maximilian University 是四所大学中历史最悠久的。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Academy of Media Arts Cologne(KHM)的“It is a public academic institution that offers a special and unique concept of study: instead of separating the field s of film, television, art, design and theory, they are integrated into a single course of study leading to a diploma in Audiovisual Media.( 这是一所公立学术机构，提供了一种特殊而独特的学习理念:不是将电影，电视，艺术，设计和理论领域分开，而是将它们整合到一个单一的学习课程中，从而获得视听媒体文凭。)”可知，KHM提供了一个特殊而独特的学习概念没有将电影、电视、艺术、设计和理论领域分开，而是将它们整合到一个单一的学习课程中，从而获得视听媒体文凭。故选D。 B There can be no doubt that Stephen King, New York Time’s Best-Selling author, has found success in many aspects, but it wasn’t always like this. King witnessed tragedy and horrors from the very beginning. When he was 2 years old, his father told his mom that he was going out to get cigarettes but in fact, he never came back, he had abandoned his family. This left his mother Ruth to care for Stephen and his elder brother David on her own. Ruth was forced to move often, desperately looking for work as she was now the only provider of the family, and she had to rely on relatives most of the time. One day Stephen went out to play with friends and when he came back, he wasn’t even able to speak a single word, it seemed he was hurt mentally or something, but he still got the courage to continue forward. It turned out that one of his friends was hit by a train and died, which left an emotional scar on him. King, later on, dropped out of school due to some serious health concerns and was told that he had to enlist (入伍) again the next fall, which demotivated him too. Although Stephen King didn’t see his childhood as something extraordinary or special, he did say that he was always fascinated by scary things. People used to acknowledge the King family by their love of literature, in fact whenever Stephen’s mom had to go out, she didn’t hire a babysitter, for the kids used to read novels to each other so they would not get bored. Stephen King’s love of stories was developed from a very young age and he carried that tradition with his own children along with his wife Tabitha. In 1973, Stephen King started his amazing journey of success when he published his first novel Carrie, which is scary. The rest followed from after that as he published many amazing books like The Shining, IT, Firestarter, and Cujo. All of these books became instant classics and got their own movie and television shows adaptions. 4. What is mainly talked about about Stephen King in the first two paragraphs? A. His achievements in writing. B. His unfortunate childhood. C. His difficulty in supporting the family. D. His mother’s bitter experiences. 5. What left Stephen King not even speaking a single word? A. He was knocked down by a passing train. B. He was badly criticized by a close friend. C. He was depressed by the constant moves. D. He was heart-struck by a terrible accident. 6. What does the underlined word “demotivated” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Discouraged. B. Relaxed. C. Embarrassed. D. Inspired. 7. Why didn’t Stephen’s mom hire a babysitter? A. The family was too poor to hire a babysitter. B. The family could not find a proper babysitter. C. The children could actually entertain themselves. D. The children didn’t like to be cared for by others. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了知名作家斯蒂芬·金从悲惨的童年到成为畅销书作家的人生经历，探讨了家庭困境、个人挑战及其对恐怖故事的热爱。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There can be no doubt that Stephen King, New York Time’s Best-Selling author, has found success in many aspects, but it wasn’t always like this. King witnessed tragedy and horrors from the very beginning. When he was 2 years old, his father told his mom that he was going out to get cigarettes but in fact, he never came back, he had abandoned his family.(毫无疑问，《纽约时报》畅销书作家斯蒂芬·金在很多方面都取得了成功，但并不总是这样。金从一开始就目睹了悲剧和恐怖。当他两岁的时候，他的父亲告诉他妈妈他要出去买烟，但事实上，他再也没有回来，他抛弃了他的家庭)”以及第二段“This left his mother Ruth to care for Stephen and his elder brother David on her own. Ruth was forced to move often, desperately looking for work as she was now the only provider of the family, and she had to rely on relatives most of the time. One day Stephen went out to play with friends and when he came back, he wasn’t even able to speak a single word, it seemed he was hurt mentally or something, but he still got the courage to continue forward. It turned out that one of his friends was hit by a train and died, which left an emotional scar on him.(这让他的母亲Ruth独自照顾斯蒂芬和他的哥哥大卫。Ruth被迫经常搬家，拼命地找工作，因为她现在是家里唯一的经济来源，她大部分时间都得依靠亲戚。有一天，斯蒂芬和朋友们出去玩，当他回来的时候，他甚至不能说一个字，似乎他精神上受伤了还是怎么的，但他仍然有勇气继续前进。原来，他的一个朋友被火车撞死了，这给他留下了情感上的伤疤)”可知，前面两段主要描述了Stephen King的悲惨的童年时期，包括他父亲的离开，他母亲独自抚养他和他哥哥的困难，以及他目睹朋友遭遇致命事故的心理创伤。这些都直接反映了他不幸的童年经历。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“One day Stephen went out to play with friends and when he came back, he wasn’t even able to speak a single word, it seemed he was hurt mentally or something, but he still got the courage to continue forward. It turned out that one of his friends was hit by a train and died, which left an emotional scar on him.(有一天，斯蒂芬和朋友们出去玩，当他回来的时候，他甚至不能说一个字，似乎他精神上受伤了还是怎么的，但他仍然有勇气继续前进。原来，他的一个朋友被火车撞死了，这给他留下了情感上的伤疤)”可知，Stephen因为一位朋友被火车撞击致死的事故深受打击，导致他一时无法言语。故选D。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“King, later on, dropped out of school due to some serious health concerns and was told that he had to enlist (入伍) again the next fall,(后来，金因为一些严重健康问题而辍学，并被告知他必须在第二年秋天再次入伍)”可知，金后来因为一些严重的健康问题而辍学，这是一件令人泄气的事，所以demotivated意为Discouraged“使泄气”之意。故选A。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People used to acknowledge the King family by their love of literature, in fact whenever Stephen’s mom used to go out, she didn’t hire a babysitter, for the kids used to read novels to each other so they would not get bored.(人们过去常常以他们对文学的热爱来认可金一家，事实上，每当斯蒂芬的妈妈出去时，她都不会雇保姆，因为孩子们过去常常互相读小说，这样他们就不会感到无聊)”可知，孩子们通过阅读相互陪伴，所以不需要额外雇用保姆。故选C。 C On December 16, 2023, the first section of Maya Train officially opened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up to 231 passengers across 290 miles and stopping at 14 train stations. Built as an ambitious effort to promote tourism and boost Mexico’s economy, the rail system connects the major cities and tourist regions of the Yucatán Peninsula —from Cancún’s beaches to Tulum’s archaeological wonders. Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment-and ancient Mayan sites. The Maya Train passes through six UNESCO World Heritage sites and thousands of archaeological sites. One particular area of concern is the Calakmul biosphere reserve, which is home to many endangered species, such as jaguars and over 500 other animal species. The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources. Opponents also express safety concerns. Certain sections of the rail system will be built right on top of the aquifer’s(含水层的) most fragile points of contact with the surface. “It’s like wanting to build over eggshells,” says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant. “Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.” To construct the train infrastructure also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages. In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. 8. What do we know about the Maya Train project? A. It consumes lots of labor in Mexico. B. It has concerned some professionals. C. It was completed on December 16,2023. D. It blocks the development of local tourism. 9. What effect do the train lines have on the animals in the reserve? A. Restricting their activities. B. Polluting their water sources. C. Disturbing their sleeping patterns. D. Attracting their enemies to the area. 10. Why does the author mention “eggshells” in Paragraph 4? A. To show the difficulty of constructing the rail lines. B. To prove the urgency of protectıng the fragile ecosystem. C. To explain the reasons for water shortages along the railway. D. To stress Maya Train’s potential harm to the aquifer system. 11. Which statement would the author probably agree with? A. Preserving cultural sites requires strong financial support. B. It is time to speed up the con truction process of Maya Train. C. We should value the economic benefits of the project in the long run. D. Economic development should not come at the cost of the environment. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了玛雅火车项目对环境和遗迹的破坏。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Once the project is completed, the entire rail system will link tourist destinations across five states. However, environmentalists and archaeologists argue that the train route will cause great damage to the environment-and ancient Mayan sites. (一旦项目完成，整个铁路系统将连接五个州的旅游目的地。然而，环保主义者和考古学家认为，这条铁路线将对环境和古玛雅遗址造成巨大破坏。)”可知，玛雅火车项目引起了一些专业人士的担忧。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The train lines, more than 60 meters wide, could act as artificial barriers that may limit the movement of these animals within the reserve making it difficult for them to move around and access food and water sources.(这些超过60米宽的火车线可以作为人工屏障，限制这些动物在保护区内的活动，使它们难以四处走动，也难以获得食物和水源。)”可知，铁路限制了保护区的动物活动。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘It’s like wanting to build over eggshells,’ says Guillermo Christy, a water treatment consultant. ‘Putting trains weighing thousands of tons on top could cause the underground caves to crash down.’ To construct the train infrastructure also requires driving long piles deep into the ground, which poses a big threat to this fragile ecosystem and leads to water shortages. (‘这就像想在蛋壳上盖房子一样，’水处理顾问Guillermo Christy说。‘把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。’建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺。)”可知，本段提到“蛋壳”是强调玛雅火车对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the ongoing debate of Maya Train, it is crucial to consider the delicate balance between economic development and environmental preservation. While Maya Train may provide economic benefits, we must not overlook the potential environmental and cultural losses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmony between progress and conservation may be a significant challenge for the project, but we must take into account the long-term consequences of our actions. (在正在进行的关于玛雅火车的辩论中，考虑经济发展和环境保护之间的微妙平衡是至关重要的。虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果。)”可知，作者认为经济发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。故选D项。 D Zoologists studied the nervous systems of insects to investigate principles of biological brain computation and possible effects on machine learning and artificial intelligence. Specifically, they analysed how insects learn to associate sensory information in their environment with a food reward, and how they can recall this information later in order to solve complex tasks such as the search for food. Living organisms show remarkable abilities in coping with problems posed by complex and dynamic environments. They are able to generalize their experiences in order to rapidly adapt their behaviour when the environment changes. The zoologists investigated how the nervous system of the fruit fly controls its behaviour when searching for food. Using a computer model, they simulated and analysed the computations in the fruit fly’s nervous system in response to scents (气味) coming from the food source. They initially trained their model of the fly brain in exactly the same way as insects are trained in experiments. They presented a specific scent in the simulation together with a reward and a second scent without a reward. “The model rapidly learns a strong representation of the rewarded scent after just a few scent presentations and is then able to find the source of this scent in a complex environment,” said computer scientist Dr Hannes Rapp, who created the model. The model created is thus capable to generalize from its memory and to apply what it has learned previously in a completely new and complex environment, while learning required only a very small database of training samples. The results suggest that the transformation of sensory information into memories in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applications to solving complex tasks. 12. What is the ultimate aim of the research? A. To investigate principles of biological brain computation. B. To solve problems in simulated complex environments. C. To analyse how insects search for food in complex environment. D. To promote machine learning and AI applications. 13. How did zoologists mainly carry out their research? A. By observing fruit flies. B. By performing lab experiments. C. By using a computer model. D. By carrying out field research. 14. What is mainly discussed about the study in paragraphs 3-5? A. Its findings. B. Its process. C. Its importance. D. Its application. 15. What does the result of this study imply? A. Artificial intelligence is applied to the study of insect brain. B. Food reward is connected with information transformation. C. Sensory information can be applied to solving complex tasks. D. Studying living organisms can make a difference to AI research. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍动物学家通过研究证明感官信息可以促进机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂问题中的作用。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Zoologists studied the nervous systems of insects to investigate principles of biological brain computation and possible effects on machine learning and artificial intelligence.（动物学家研究昆虫的神经系统，其目的是研究生物大脑计算的原理，以及对机器学习和人工智能可能产生的影响）”和最后一段的“The results suggest that the transformation of sensory information into memories in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applications to solving complex tasks.（研究结果表明，将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的应用）”推知，该研究的最终目的是促进机器学习和人工智能的应用。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using a computer model, they simulated and analysed the computations in the fruit fly’s nervous system in response to scents (气味) coming from the food source. （利用一个计算机模型，他们模拟并分析了果蝇神经系统对来自食物来源的气味的反应）”可知，动物学家通过使用一个计算机模型来进行研究。故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段的“They initially trained their model of the fly brain in exactly the same way as insects are trained in experiments. They presented a specific scent in the simulation together with a reward and a second scent without a reward.（他们最初训练果蝇大脑模型的方式与在实验中训练昆虫的方式完全相同。他们在模拟实验中展示了一种特定的气味和一种奖励，以及一种没有奖励的气味）”，第四段的“The model rapidly learns a strong representation of the rewarded scent after just a few scent presentations and is then able to find the source of this scent in a complex environment（这个模型只需展示几次气味，就能迅速学会对受奖励气味的强烈表达，然后就能在复杂的环境中找到这种气味的来源）”和第五段的“The model created is thus capable to generalize from its memory and to apply what it has learned previously in a completely new and complex environment（因此，所创建的模型能够从其记忆中进行概括，并在一个全新复杂的环境中应用之前所学到的知识）”可知，3-5段主要介绍了实验的过程，包括实验初、实验中和实验得到的结果。故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The results suggest that the transformation of sensory information into memories in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applications to solving complex tasks.（研究结果表明，将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的应用）”推知，感官信息可以用来解决复杂的任务。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Education is a self-enlightening process. It is an important part of life. ____16____ The first thing that strikes me about education is knowledge gain. Education gives us knowledge of the world around us. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on things in life. Education makes us capable of explaining things rightly. It is not just about lessons in textbooks. ____17____ Education is important also because it equips us with all that is needed to make our dreams come true. It opens doors to brilliant career opportunities. ____18____ We are weighed in the market on the basis of our educational skills and how well we can apply them. ____19____ It wipes out all the wrong beliefs in our minds. It helps create a clear picture of everything around us and we no longer remain in confusion about the things we learn. It can lead us to enlightenment. It is education that builds in every individual the confidence to make decisions, to face life and to accept success and failure. For the progress of a nation, for the enrichment of society in general, education is necessary and important. A country’s literate population is its asset(有利条件). The number of institutes offering vocational courses and colleges offering online education is increasing by the day. Well, schools, colleges and other such educational institutes define the basic framework of education. But education does not end here. ____20____ Self-learning begins at a point where institutional education ends. The process of self-learning continues. A. Education is essential as it paves the path leading to disillusionment(醒悟). B Why is education so important? C. It is a lifelong process. D. How can people get education? E. It brings better prospects in career and growth. F. It is about the lessons of life. G. It ends when our career begins. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教育是一个自我启发的过程，它是生活的重要组成部分，并介绍了教育给人们带来的好处以及教育的必要性和重要性。 【16题详解】 上文“It is an important part of life. (它是生活的重要组成部分。)”说明教育是非常重要的，选项B“为什么教育如此重要？”承接上文，提出为什么它如此重要的问题，引出下文“The first thing that strikes me about education is knowledge gain. (教育给我的第一印象是知识的获取。)”解释回答问题。故选B项。 【17题详解】 上文“Education makes us capable of explaining things rightly. It is not just about lessons in textbooks.(教育使我们能够正确地解释事物。它不仅仅是课本上的课程。)”说明，教育不仅仅是课本上课程，选项C“它是一个终生的过程。”承接上文，对上文进行补充说明。故选C项。 【18题详解】 上文“Education is important also because it equips us with all that is needed to make our dreams come true. It opens doors to brilliant career opportunities. (教育之所以重要，也是因为它为我们提供了实现梦想所需的一切。它为我们打开了通往辉煌职业机会的大门。)”说明，教育能使我们实现梦想并从事辉煌职业，选项E“它带来了更好的职业和成长前景。”承接上文，进一步说明了教育能带来更好的职业。上文中career opportunities和选项中career语义相关，故选E项。 【19题详解】 下文“It wipes out all the wrong beliefs in our minds. It helps create a clear picture of everything around us and we no longer remain in confusion about the things we learn. It can lead us to enlightenment. It is education that builds in every individual the confidence to make decisions, to face life and to accept success and failure.(它消除了我们头脑中所有错误的信念。它有助于清晰地描绘我们周围的一切，我们不再对所学的东西感到困惑。它可以引导我们走向启蒙。正是教育让每个人都有信心做出决定，面对生活，接受成功和失败。)”阐述了教育的必要性，选项A“教育是完全必要的，因为它铺平了通向醒悟的道路。”概括说明了本段内容。故选A项。 【20题详解】 上文“Well, schools, colleges and other such educational institutes define the basic framework of education. But education does not end here.(学校、学院和其他这样的教育机构定义了教育的基本框架。但教育并没有结束。)”说明教育虽然有了基本框架，但教育没有结束。选项D“人们如何接受教育？”承接上文，提出如何接受教育的问题，引出下文“Self-learning begins at a point where institutional education ends. The process of self-learning continues.(自我教育从机构教育结束的时候开始。自我学习的过程还在继续)”对问题进行解释回答，强调自我学习。故选D项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops, without trees or stones for building. In spite of all this, its people built the world’s first cities, with monumental architecture and large populations — and they built them ___21___ out of mud. Sumer ___22___ the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers” — the Tigris and the Euphrates. Around 5000 BCE, early Sumerians used channels and dams to ___23___ river water and farm large areas of previously ___24___ land. Agricultural communities like this were slowly ___25___ in Mesopotamia. But Sumerians were the first to take the ___26___ step. Using ___27___ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples. Those clay bricks gave rise to the world’s first ___28___, like Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, probably around 4500 BCE. The Sumerians created the first ___29___ system, designed to teach the ability of writing. In the schools, people studied from dawn to dusk, from _____30_____ well into adulthood. They _____31_____ accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature. But by the third millennium (千年) BCE, Sumer was no longer the _____32_____ empire around, or even in Mesopotamia. Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the _____33_____ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered and _____34_____. Afterward, Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt, not to be _____35_____ until the 19th century. 21. A. permanently B. quickly C. patiently D. entirely 22. A. occupied B. destroyed C. lost D. attacked 23. A. separate B. interrupt C. redirect D. freeze 24. A. dry B. royal C. awesome D. rich 25. A. wearing down B. springing up C. rising up D. breaking down 26. A. next B. last C. slow D. same 27. A. equipment B. basins C. walls D. bricks 28. A. emperors B. universities C. cities D. palaces 29. A. law B. school C. construction D. labour 30. A. society B. childhood C. community D. parenthood 31. A. invented B. dismissed C. learned D. preserved 32. A. only B. safe C. weak D. reliable 33. A. region B. center C. river D. farm 34. A. strengthened B. saved C. surrounded D. overturned 35. A. rebuilt B. relocated C. rediscovered D. reunited 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了历史上第一个帝国——苏美尔文明的兴起和衰落。文章讲述了苏美尔人如何在干旱的环境中，通过智慧和技术建立了世界上第一批城市，并创造了书写系统。然而，随着游牧部落的入侵，苏美尔帝国最终崩溃并被遗忘，直到19世纪才被重新发现。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，它的人民还是建造了世界上第一批城市，拥有宏伟的建筑和庞大的人口——而且他们完全是用泥土建造的。A. permanently永久地；B. quickly快速地；C. patiently耐心地；D. entirely完全地。根据上文“without trees or stones for building”可知，没有树木和石头来建造房屋，所以他们的建筑完全是用泥土建造的。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔占据了现在伊拉克南部的美索不达米亚地区。A. occupied占据；B. destroyed摧毁；C. lost丢失；D. attacked攻击。根据下文“the southern part of modern Iraq in the region called Mesopotamia”可知，苏美尔文明占据了美索不达米亚地区，这是它的发源地。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. separate分开；B. interrupt打断；C. redirect重新定向，使改方向；D. freeze冻结。根据上文“used channels and dams”和下文“farm large areas of previously ___4___ land”可推知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，达到灌溉和种植的目的。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约在公元前5000年，早期的苏美尔人使用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，并在以前干旱的土地上种植大片土地。A. dry干旱的；B. royal王室的；C. awesome令人敬畏的；D. rich富有的，丰富的。根据第一段中“History’s first empire rose out of a hot, dry landscape, without rainfall for crops”可知，这原本是一片缺水干旱的土地，苏美尔人通过改变河水的方向对其进行了改造。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：像这样的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。A. wearing down磨损；B. springing up突然生长或出现；C. rising up上升；D. breaking down崩溃，出故障。根据上文可知，苏美尔人用渠道和水坝来改变河水的方向，进而改造美索不达米亚平原，让其适合种植，所以很多的农业社区在美索不达米亚慢慢出现。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但苏美尔人率先迈出了下一步。A. next下一个；B. last最后的；C. slow慢的；D. same相同的。根据下文“Using ___7___ made from river mud, they began to build multi-storied homes and temples.”可知，苏美尔人开始修建多层住宅和寺庙，他们迈出了建造城市的下一步。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开始用河泥做砖，建造多层房屋和寺庙。A. equipment设备；B. basins盆地；C. walls墙壁；D. bricks砖块。根据下文“from river mud”和“Those clay bricks”可知，他们把河泥做成砖块。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些粘土砖造就了世界上最早的城市，如乌鲁克、乌尔和埃利都，大约在公元前4500年左右。A. emperors皇帝；B. universities大学；C. cities城市；D. palaces宫殿。根据下文“Uruk, Ur, and Eridu”可知，苏美尔人用粘土砖建造了很多城市。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏美尔人创造了第一个学校系统，旨在教授书写能力。A. law法律；B. school学校；C. construction建设；D. labour劳动。根据下文“designed to teach the ability of writing”可知，他们创造了学校系统，用于教授书写。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，人们从早到晚学习，从童年一直学习到成年。A. society社会；B. childhood童年；C. community社区；D. parenthood为人父母。结合下文“into adulthood”和常识可推知，教育是从童年到成年。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们学习会计、数学，并抄写文学作品。A. invented发明；B. dismissed解雇；C. learned学习；D. preserved保存。下文“accounting, mathematics, and copied works of literature”是学习的内容。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但到了公元前三千年，苏美尔不再是周边地区，甚至是美索不达米亚地区唯一的帝国。A. only仅有的；B. safe安全的；C. weak虚弱的；D. reliable可靠的。根据“Waves of nomadic (游牧) tribes poured into the ____13____ from the north and east. In 2300 BCE, the Sumerian Empire was conquered”可知，苏美尔周边出现了挑战者，它不再是唯一帝国。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一波又一波的游牧部落从北部和东部涌入该地区。A. region地区；B. center中心；C. river河流；D. farm农场。根据下文“from the north and east”可知，游牧部落从不同方向涌入美索不达米亚地区。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：公元前2300年，苏美尔帝国被征服并推翻。A. strengthened加强；B. saved拯救；C. surrounded包围；D. overturned推翻。根据上文“the Sumerian Empire was conquered”和下文“Sumer disappeared back into the desert dirt”可知，苏美尔帝国被征服和推翻了。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后，苏美尔消失在沙漠的泥土中，直到19世纪才被重新发现。A. rebuilt重建；B. relocated重新安置；C. rediscovered重新发现；D. reunited重新团聚。根据下文“until the 19th century”可知，苏美尔文明只到19世纪才被重新发现。故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分 15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Shanghai Disney Resort celebrated the ____36____ (ten) anniversary of its groundbreaking on Thursday, ____37____ President Joe Schott expressing great confidence in the resort’s future. “We believe in the long-term benefits of the China market. That’s ____38____ you will see us continue to do,” Schott says. Since its opening, the Shanghai Disney Resort ____39____ (set) many records, which include beating market ____40____ (expect) by welcoming more than 11 million visitors in its first year of operations. The main features of the resort saw rapid expansion of its operations. The first major expansion, Disney Pixar Toy Story Land, opened on April 26, 2018, ____41____ (make) Shanghai Disneyland the fastest Disneyland in the world to expand after ____42____ (open). The second major expansion is the Zootopia themed land, ____43____ is currently under construction. It is also the first-ever Zootopia themed land at any Disney park in the world. He Jianmin, a professor at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, says the resort has made a positive impact on the industry, improving service quality ____44____ innovating tourism products. Shanghai plans to double the number of scenic spots and tourism projects with more than 10 million visits ____45____(annual) in 2025, as compared with last year. He hopes the Shanghai Disney Resort could be a new driver for high-quality development of the tourism industry. 【答案】36. tenth 37. with 38. what 39. has set 40. expectations 41. making 42. opening##being opened 43. which 44. and 45. annually 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海迪士尼度假区的发展情况。 【36题详解】 考查序数词。句意：上海迪士尼度假区于周四庆祝了开业十周年，总裁薛逸骏先生表示对该度假区的未来充满信心。结合语意，表示“第十个周年纪念日”，空处应用序数词tenth，表示“第十”。故填tenth。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：上海迪士尼度假区于周四庆祝了开业十周年，总裁薛逸骏先生表示对该度假区的未来充满信心。分析句子，空处应用介词with，构成with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。故填with。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：你会看到我们继续这样做。分析句子，空处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作do的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：自开业以来，上海迪士尼度假区创造了许多记录，其中包括在开业第一年接待了1100多万游客，超过了市场预期。句中since表示“自从”，表示从开业到现在创造了许多记录，应用现在完成时，主语the Shanghai Disney Resort是单数，谓语使用has set。故填has set。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：自开业以来，上海迪士尼度假区创造了许多记录，其中包括在开业第一年接待了1100多万游客，超过了市场预期。分析句子，空处应用名词expectation，表示“期望”，作动词beat的宾语。故填expectation。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个大规模扩建项目，迪士尼皮克斯玩具总动员乐园于2018年4月26日开放，使上海迪士尼乐园成为开业后全球扩张速度最快的迪士尼乐园。分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，迪士尼皮克斯玩具总动员乐园开放，自然而然就使得上海迪士尼乐园成为开业后全球扩张速度最快的迪士尼乐园，所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。 【42题详解】 考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：第一个大规模扩建项目，迪士尼皮克斯玩具总动员乐园于2018年4月26日开放，使上海迪士尼乐园成为开业后全球扩张速度最快的迪士尼乐园。after是介词，表示“在……之后”，后边可接名词作宾语，opening是名词，表示“开放”，也可接动名词形式作宾语，open与逻辑主语Shanghai Disneyland之间是被动关系，应用being opened。故填opening或being opened。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：第二个主要扩建项目是疯狂动物城主题公园，目前正在建设中。分析句子，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Zootopia themed land，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查连词。句意：上海财经大学何家敏教授说，度假村对该行业产生了积极影响，提高了服务质量，创新了旅游产品。结合语意，improving service quality与innovating tourism products并列，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：上海计划在2025年每年将风景名胜区和旅游项目数量翻一番，与去年相比，游客超过1000万人次。分析句子，空处修饰句子，应用副词形式作状语，annually是副词，表示“每年地”。故填annually。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外籍心理学教授Mr Peterson正在做一个关于中学生学习压力现状的调查，作为调查对象，请你结合自身经历给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 原因及其影响； 2. 压力缓解方式。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr Peterson, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文： Dear Mr. Peterson, It is a common phenomenon that modern high school students have stress. My pressure mainly comes from the pressure of study. Academic pressure is undoubtedly the main source of high school students’ psychological pressure. After entering high school, the study burden is increased, which is manifested as the increase of subjects, and the deepening of course. In my opinion, students should know themselves correctly and set a good position for themselves. Students shouldn’t exceed their upper limit level, nor give up on themselves, and have the spirit of “persistence is victory”. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外籍心理学教授Mr Peterson写封邮件，说明中学生学习压力现状的原因及其影响和压力缓解方式。 【详解】1.词汇积累 压力：stress→pressure 主要地：mainly→chiefly 无疑：undoubtedly→beyond doubt 在我看来：in my opinion→from my point of view 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Academic pressure is undoubtedly the main source of high school students’ psychological pressure. 拓展句：There is no doubt that academic pressure is the main source of high school students’ psychological pressure. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is a common phenomenon that modern high school students have stress. (运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句) [高分句型2] After entering high school, the study burden is increased, which is manifested as the increase of subjects, and the deepening of course. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整短文。 Almost every childhood memory I have is centred on food. Telling stories around a crowded table at holiday dinners, the smell of roasting vegetables, the sensation (感受) of heat coming from the kitchen, all picture a familiar feeling of love and comfort. My favourite memory of all is of my grandparents making and baking bread together. To this day, I have never tasted bread that is as delicious as theirs. No other loaf has ever been made with that kind of powerful, unconditional love. When our son Brian, one of seventh graders, began to refuse usual communication with me, I felt desperate. How I missed those lovely old days when he couldn’t wait to tell me his stories in kindergarten the moment I arrived home without getting changed! And there were also times when he brought loads of storybooks to me and demanded to be told all the stories before going to bed. But I didn’t know since when everything changed. There was hardly any sharing about his daily school life with friends or any trouble about his schoolwork. Most of the time, his bedroom door was closed. The cold silence between us seemed to warn me that love between us began to fade. At that time, like most mothers, I couldn’t focus on work and couldn’t sleep well. Why did things go off track so much? Was it because my work took away most of my energy that family love was taken for granted? Was it because my only precious spare time went too much to my two-year-old baby daughter that Brian’s need for my company was ignored? The more I reflected, the more I felt myself to blame and it was my responsibility to find a way out. One day, as my eyes landed onto the bread on the kitchen table, I was reminded of those sweet childhood memories, “Could food help us make a change?” I wondered. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 With an uneasy feeling, I decided to try. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ More than that, one weekend evening, Brian offered to help me in the kitchen. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With an uneasy feeling, I decided to try. Just then it occurred to me that several days before Brian ever mentioned that he loved the fried rice that I cooked. After a short visit to the market, I began preparing the cooking material. Although it seemed years that I last cooked fried rice, it was still a piece of cake. when he got home from school, Brian was greeted by delicious fried rice on the table and a note reading: from your Mum who love you forever. He was surprised and gave me a hug saying:Thank you,Mum. Although Brian still had his door closed everyday, I was greeted by more broad smile every time he came back from school. More than that, one weekend evening, Brian offered to help me in the kitchen. When we were preparing his favorite fried rice together, Brian came to me and looked at me in the eyes saying: “Mum, Although I made you unhappy, I love you in my deep heart just as I love fried rice”. I cried that night for nearly half an hour because I got by my Brian back again. 【解析】 【导语】本文以情感发展为线索，讲述了作者的儿子长大以后不像小时候那样和她分享快乐，深刻反思以后，决定从孩子爱吃的食物入手，重新找回自己与儿子之前的相处模式。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“带着一点不确定的感觉，我决定试一下。”可知，第一段可描写作者尝试做孩子最爱吃的饭，收获了孩子的微笑。 ②由第二段首句内容“不止于此，一天晚上布莱恩主动提出到厨房帮忙。”可知，第二段可描写作者的儿子在厨房帮忙，像母亲表达了深深的爱意，母亲深受触动，终于找回了心中的儿子。 2.续写线索：决定试一下——购买食材——吃惊——露出笑容——主动帮忙——想妈妈表达爱——找回了心中的儿子——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①喜爱：love/enjoy/prefer ②短暂的：short/brief ③盯着：look at/stare at 情绪类 ①吃惊的：surprised /amazed ②不高兴的：unhappy / broken-hearted 【点睛】[高分句型1]Just then it occurred to me that several days before Brian ever mentioned that he loved the fried rice that I cooked..（使用了名词性从句） [高分句型2]. Although it seemed years that I last cooked fried rice, It was still a piece of cake.（使用了让步状语从句） 听力 1—5 ACCAA 6—10 BCBCA 11—15 CACC B 16—20 ABBAB 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$