精品解析：2024届高三海淀区英语下学期查漏补缺题英语试题

2024年海淀区高三英语查漏补缺 完形填空素材 A Ride for a Life Time 选文来源：Readers_Digest_Dec_2023_Jan_2024 老兵Bill在打车时与司机Letts提到自己在寻找捐肾的人，没想到善良的Letts随后就去医院进行了检查并于14个月后成功地为Bill捐了肾脏。 Bill Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020, and the 71-year-old, who was dealing with kidney failure and had been on dialysis for a few years, found himself at a vascular center 30 miles from home for the second time in 24hours. He was on the transplant list, but no matches had yet appeared, so he continued with his treatment. Without a ride lined up for Friday’s do-over, Sumiel took an Uber to and from his appointment. Timothy Letts 31, was driving north to visit a friend when his phone pinged with the request for Sumiel’s ride home. The trip was out of Letts’s way. Still, he took the fare, figuring if the passenger was coming from a medical facility, he likely needed a ride. “Bill really lit up the car with positive energy,” says Letts, who shared with Sumiel that he was a proud veteran. Sumiel, who works in sales at a company that produces piping, mentioned that in the past he’d enjoyed volunteering in his community, even serving as president of the city council. But he was doing less these days, he explained, because the dialysis treatments left him exhausted. Then Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked that he’d be a good donor candidate, given that he didn’t drink or smoke. Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it as they kept driving. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it. After a monthslong screening process—including an interview, sharing medical records, meeting a living donor advocate, and testing—the results were in: Letts was an ideal donor, and he and Sumiel were a perfect match. 14months after they ended up in the same car by chance, Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success. Sumiel is especially excited. After all, he says, “Living donors are special people!” 语法填空素材 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Essie’s heart races as she hears Hannah is searching for her after four decades. Hannah’s account on social media reveals her troubled past and the profound impact Essie had_____1_____her life. Now a trauma therapist, Hannah expresses gratitude for Essie’s love and _____2_____ (guide). Reconnecting over the phone, their conversation is full of nostalgia and _____3_____ (share) memories. Essie’s fostering story, spanning nearly 30 years, continues to inspire. In their reunion, the enduring power of love and compassion _____4_____ (shine), reaffirming the profound impact of human connection across time. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An orangutan (红毛猩猩) in Sumatra surprised scientists when he was seen treating an open wound on his cheek with a poultice ____5____ (make) from a medicinal (药用的) plant. It’s the first scientific record of a wild animal healing a wound using a plant with known medicinal properties. The findings were published this week in Scientific Reports. Humans might even have discovered some ways of curing illnesses ____6____ watching animals. Probably our ancestors ____7____ (look) at other animals and learning about medicines. When social animals communicate, that information ____8____ (stick) and can last over generations. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Academic stress from curriculum-based ____9____ (pressure) like studying for exams or completing homework is at an all-time high for students. Luckily, here are 2 tips to help ease the pressure . First, budget your time. With a clear view of your schedule, you will feel more in control and ____10____ (empower) to approach your tasks calmly and confidently. Second, seek help. If you find that academic stress ____11____ (consume) your life, talk to a teacher, or another trusted adult. ____12____ a certain amount of anxiety is normal, no one should worry alone, because prolonged academic stress can lead to anxiety and depression. 第二部分 阅读理解 A 篇 素材 Wildlife trips for 2024 Whether seeking out snow leopards or birds of paradise, there’s an extraordinary wildlife experience for every nature-loving traveller... SPOT THE GAMBIA’S EXOTIC BIRDS WITH MEGAN MCCUBBIN If you think The Gambia is all about winter beach holidays, think again. This tiny West African country is one of the continent’s most underrated wildlife destinations, with more than 600 species of bird having been recorded here. It’s also both easy to get to and affordable. On a new BirdingTrip with The Gambia Experience, you can join TV presenter and photographer Megan McCubbin, who has been visiting this country with her stepfather, Chris Packham, since she was a child. She’ll be guiding three- and four-night trips alongside Wanderlust World Guide Award 2023 winner Malick Suso. Given Malick won the Wildlife & Safari category and knows a host of unique birding locations, it’s a great opportunity to glimpse a side of The Gambia that few bother see. The Gambia Experience (gambia.co.uk). Dates and prices are to be confirmed soon. Booking now for 2025. ENJOY WILD LUXURY IN BOTSWANA’S OKAVANGO DELTA The Okavango Delta is high on the must-see list of most wildlife lovers, and a trio of new camps being offered by Audley Travel can now be combined on a tailor-made trip for a unique safari. Opening in May, Tawana in the Moremi Game Reserve combines luxurious suites and safari experiences in an area known for its high populations of antelope, lion and leopard. Also in the reserve is African Bush Camps’ Atzaro Okavango (see p28), which offers a dose of sustainable luxury as guests get to stay in solar-powered suites with their own plunge pools on a private concession. Lastly, Great Plains’ Sitatunga Private Island Camp recently opened, having been designed to make the most of its waterside setting on an island reserve in the delta. Audley (audleytravel.com). Tailor-made; 12 days with the option to stay at each new camp from £10,500pp (including international flights). EXPERIENCE SOUTH AFRICA’S FLOURISHING SAVANNAH Mother-and-daughter team Sarah and Isabelle Tompkins are working to breathe life back into 27,000 hectares of South Africa’s Great Karoo following decades of agricultural mistreatment and political turmoil. Since 1997, their private game reserve has reintroduced the first wild cheetahs, elephants and lions to the region in more than 100 years. Journeys With Purpose’s The Great Karoo: Dare To Rewild trip lets you shadow the family as they continue to regenerate the land. In addition to game drives, bush walks, cheetah-tracking and fireside chats, you’ll join an expert conservationist in the next steps of the reserve’s rewilding process: introducing female black rhinos into a community of males. Journeys With Purpose (journeyswithpurpose.org). 2 Nov; 6 nights from £9,755pp (excluding international flights). SPOT SEALS AND SEABIRDS IN THE WILD BRITISH ISLES The small-group Wild Isles trip with Wilderness England embraces the windswept coastlines of Northumberland and southern Scot- land. Beginning with bird and butterfly watching at Hauxley Wildlife Discovery Centre, you’ll then travel to the protected Farne Islands, where you can glimpse one of the largest grey seal colonies on the UK’s east coast, plus adorable puffins. More highlights include spotting waterfowl amid the saltmarsh and mudflats of historic Lindisfarne, then crossing the Scottish border and hopping a boat to Bass Rock, where some 150,000 northern gannets fill the skies. Continue on to Dunbar – the birthplace of conservationist John Muir – and beyond for more island hopping and rambling. Wilderness England (wildernessengland.com). 15 Jun; 6 nights from £2,395pp. CALL FOR MOOSE IN SWEDEN The Arctic Bath Hotel trip with Windows on the Wild is far more than just a hotel getaway. What it does do is make the most of the setting for this unique stay on the Lule River, high in the northern reaches of Arctic Sweden. Guests join Mikael “Micke” Suorra – also known as the ‘moose whisperer’ – and a local Sami guide to learn about moose and the art of calling them, before heading deeper into rural Swedish Lapland to seek out the ‘king of the forest’. After climbing a hunting tower, Suorra will begin his call, though he might also end up attracting some other large furry friends in the shape of bears. Make sure to bring along binoculars for a closer inspection. Windows on the Wild (windowsonthewild.com). The moose-calling experience (an additional £180pp) only runs Sep–Oct; 4 nights from £840pp (excluding international flights). C篇素材 Want to remember more? Make more mistakes WSJ 2024.4.19 By Charan Ranganath Whether we are trying to master a new language or play a musical instrument, the pain of making mistakes is a big obstacle, especially early in the learning curve. But novices become experts only when we push ourselves to the edge of our abilities, and errors are both inevitable and essential for moving forward. Neuroscientists and computer scientists call this error-driven learning, as mistakes are key for acquiring new information in both humans and machines. These insights have practical applications, including for anyone preparing for a test. Most students assume it is best to simply study the material and try to commit as much of it to memory as possible. Many standardized tests seemingly reward rote memorization. But what if students trained by testing themselves instead? Intuitively, it seems like studying is a safer bet; why risk producing wrong answers when you can just memorize the right one? Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for retaining information over time. Curious about the power of tests as a learning tool, cognitive psychologists Henry “Roddy” Roediger and Jeff Karpicke had hundreds of students memorize excerpts from a test-preparation book for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). One group memorized these passages by rereading them about 14 times; another group read the passages several times and then completed three tests in which they had to recall as much of what they studied as possible. As Roediger and Karpicke reported in Psychological Science in 2006, the students who repeatedly studied the material initially performed better, but when these students were tested again a week later, the differences were stark. The students who repeatedly studied remembered around 40% of what they had learned, on average, while those who tested themselves recalled over 60%. The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions. Its value remains undisputed, but scientists are still debating why it has such a powerful effect on memory. The simplest explanation is that testing exposes our weaknesses. In general, we tend to be overconfident about our ability to retain information we have just learned. The initially untested students in Roediger and Karpicke's experiment thought they knew more because they had never been challenged. The tested ones had the humbling experience of struggling and sometimes failing to recall new information, of making more errors, which spurred them to work harder to hold on to whatever they had. Yet the effect can't simply be explained by the hubris of students who are unaware of their weaknesses. Scientists are increasingly convinced that the simple act of mentally retrieving material makes people less prone to forgetting. This would explain why retrieval attempts are useful even when they lead to wrong answers. Let's say you want to learn Swahili, but before you've had a chance to study, you're asked, “What's the definition of usingizi?" You'll have to guess, which seems silly. Generating wrong answers should be ineffective or even counterproductive. Yet, it turns out that giving your brain a chance to struggle first will help you learn and keep more information over time. This is in line with a theory on memory proposed by cognitive psychologists Mark Carrier and Hal Pashler in the1990s. They noted that the neural network models of artificial intelligence learn through trial and error: We train algorithms by constantly correcting mistakes. Carrier and Pashler suggested this constructive feedback loop might work the same way for humans. That is we may be similarly more likely to encode the right information if we make a wrong guess first. To understand how error-driven learning might work in the brain, my Dynamic Memory Lab at the University of California, Davis, used neural network models to simulate what happens in the hippocampus -- a critical brain area for rapid learning-when people repeatedly attempt to memorize the same information. Our results, published in PLOS Computational Biology in 2021, clarified that the human brain can learn and retain far more through trial and error than from rote memorization. This is because when we stress test our memories, we expose the weaknesses of existing neuronal connections in a way that ultimately strengthens what's useful and prunes away what's not. Rather than relearning the same material over and over- rereading the same textbook, say-it is more efficient to pinpoint the exact areas where our memory fails us, and then to update our memory with the right information. Of course, this works only if we understand where we went wrong, so we can correct for it. The point is to struggle, not to flail aimlessly. Many of us are already exploiting this feature of memory when we actively learn by doing rather than passively by memorizing. Athletes who run plays in a scrimmage and politicians who hone their message in mock debates intuitively use the power of error-driven learning. It's why driving around a new neighborhood and making a few wrong turns is a far better way to understand an area than traveling the same streets as a passenger or studying it all on a map. It's why taking practice tests for the SATs is often more helpful than spending hours memorizing countless words. These benefits can be maximized not only by optimizing how we learn but also when we learn. Our lab simulations showed that when we space out our attempts to learn things, we force our brain to struggle and therefore revise our memories of what we've learned- a phenomenon known as the “spacing effect.” These findings will soon be published in the journal Psychological Review. In college, I often crammed weeks of material into a single night of studying before an exam. It was effective in the short run, but most of what I learned slipped away soon after a semester ended. This is because the hippocampus generates memories by tying our experiences to a particular context, such as our desk at night or a cafe in the morning. It isn't too hard to recall information we studied the night before because our mental context hasn't changed much since then. But as time passes and our contexts change, it becomes harder to retrieve the information we learned when we were jacked up on caffeine one night at 3 a.m. Instead of studying for six hours straight, it is far more effective to return to the same information in shorter sessions over several days. This is because relearning the same material in different settings forces our hippocampus to continually update these memories until they have no discernible context, so they are easier to retrieve any place or time. Error-driven learning can explain how everyday memories can change over the years. When we revisit our memories for any reason we update them so that they no longer take us back to a specific moment, which makes them more accessible. This helps clarify why well-honed anecdotes come to mind easily, but don't make us feel as though we are reexperiencing that moment each time we retell the story. In contrast, a rarely experienced taste or fragrance or song can trigger the memory of an otherwise buried moment of childhood, which transports us back in time. We learn and retain far more when we push ourselves to the edges of our knowledge. So, perhaps instead of rewarding mastery, we need to celebrate the struggle-the real work of learning. D篇素材 https://stanfordeconreview.com/2023/04/22/commentary-what-is-a-digital-nomad-introducing-the-new-nomadic-workforce/ COMMENTARY: What is a Digital Nomad? Introducing the New Nomadic Workforce April 22, 2023 Karthick Arunachalam Alma Andino Frydman, Stanford University Those of us who often scroll through TikTok or Instagram must have at least once stumbled across a video of a tan, smiling girl sitting on a white sand beach, sipping a well-decorated chilled drink as she works remotely from her laptop. This lifestyle seems fictional and too good to be true, yet more and more content creators of this kind have emerged in the last two years. You may have read things like “I work a corporate job from paradise, and YOU CAN DO IT TOO!” or “Destinations that will practically PAY YOU to travel as a digital nomad.” Maybe you too have asked yourself whether that life is actually possible and what it entails. But who exactly are these digital nomads? What does a day in their lives look like? The COVID-19 pandemic drastically transformed how people work. Before the pandemic, only 5% of American workdays were WFH (“working from home”); as the pandemic engulfed the world, this number rose to a staggering 50%. For many, the pandemic forced a natural divergence from the “9 to 5” work structure. Many workers realized they were just as, if not more, productive working at their own pace, and for many, there was no going back to the office. Some companies soon began to implement WFA (“work from anywhere”) policies, and the results have consistently demonstrated workers’ preference for location independence—not being tied to one work location. When Airbnb announced that their employees could live and work anywhere, their careers page experienced a surge in viewership: 800,000 visits in a single week. In February 2021, Spotify announced its own WFA model. Fast forward to today and attrition rates are down 15% compared to the same quarter in 2019. In contrast, when the reverse was implemented, as Apple announced its return to an in-office work scheme, approximately 56% of its employees stated they were planning on leaving as a result. It is clear that location independence is a significant priority for remote workers. A particular group of workers capitalized on their newfound location independence to work while they traveled the world. First described in Tsugio Makimoto and David Manners’ book Digital Nomad, digital nomads are location-independent professionals who rely on personal technologies to travel while working remotely. They can travel domestically or internationally while the internet allows them to stay connected to jobs, colleagues, and clients. Digital nomads are often knowledge workers, whose responsibilities primarily consist of manipulating and transmitting ideas within professions such as software engineering, digital marketing, and accounting. This means that digital nomads generally earn high salaries but spend their incomes in cheaper countries via traveling. Facilitated by advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), this laptop-bound group of workers gained a reputation for building careers from Bali and the Caribbean. It was the pandemic, however, that caused the trend to skyrocket. In 2022, a staggering 16.9 million Americans described themselves as digital nomads, a 131% increase from 2019. As the shift to remote work started to appear somewhat permanent, many countries began issuing “digital nomad visas.” Nations like Colombia, Costa Rica, and Portugal are among the 46 countries promising tax-free living as long as workers can provide proof of income. This list is only growing as more and more workers leave office jobs for greener, sandier pastures. While the explosion of digital nomadism has been recognized by the private sector and foreign governments, academic research on these workers remains sparse. I, Alma Andino, the author of this commentary, spent the summer of 2022 conducting an economic study on the rise of digital nomadism in Mexico. I stayed in “coworking hostels”—hostels with built-in offices in these Westernized bubbles—in an effort to understand who these workers were and the way they made decisions about their lives and careers. After 50 interviews, here is what I found: Digital nomads are young, adventurous, and very detached; almost all were single and childless, and generally from affluent and highly educated backgrounds. Instead of buying houses and apartments, nomads bounce between beaches and party towns, as well as new cities, seeking adventures while working from high-end hostels. Their lack of geographic or relational stability means that they often lose touch with their national identity, home country politics, or religious affiliation. They travel to Mexico because it is convenient for their time zone and cheap for their foreign-earned income. It is no surprise that young, independent, adventurous, high-earning professionals would flock to a place like Mexico if presented with the opportunity. What was striking about my findings, however, was the commitment digital nomads made to this lifestyle; when asked how much of a raise they would need to consider a hybrid return to the office (meaning they could no longer travel full time), 70% of subjects said they would quit. For these digital nomads, the freedom to live anywhere to pursue a lifestyle they desire is worth more than any raise. Why, you may ask? Many digital nomads I spoke with value the new perspectives, experiences, and connections they gain abroad above the alternative wage raise. Traveling offers nomadic workers diverse learning opportunities and a global network inaccessible from a traditional office environment. Many nomads however, explained the inherent loneliness of working in transient communities. Though their work-life balance improved, digital nomads had to navigate constant distractions in working from a paradisiacal place. While their situation may seem ideal, digital nomads may unintentionally harm the communities to which they travel by fueling gentrification. Knowledge workers tend to be high-earning, white-collar workers in their home countries, and thus their arrival represents an influx of Western income with which locals are unable to compete. Since digital nomads seek integration into local culture, they do not remain in tourist enclaves like resorts. As such, they directly compete with locals in trendy neighborhoods. The migration of digital nomads to these areas is so substantial and rapid that pushback is already being felt. In June 2022, the LA Times published an article about remote workers moving to Mexico City and the backlash they have faced from their neighbors in these areas. To further the conversation, future research should investigate the markers of gentrification in these neighborhoods, the growing resentment toward digital nomads among local populations, and the migratory patterns of locals leaving urban centers that are now unaffordable. So, is being a digital nomad too good to be true? It is clear these workers are lonelier, and staying motivated is perhaps more challenging, but many remote workers are still pulling off building careers from tropical beaches and vibrant new cities. Nevertheless, the effects digital nomads will have on local economies must be studied closely, considering the migration of capital that accompanies them. One thing is for certain, though: Work has undoubtedly changed forever, and for digital nomads, the world is irreversibly their office. (1136 words) 阅读理解第二节素材 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. ____13____ Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. ____14____ Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic. ____15____ Keller explains more specifically how rewarding it is for our body. “Experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also causes the brain to release oxytocin, a hormone which induces feelings like trust and generosity which promotes social bonding, and feeling connected.” ____16____ One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enoughness. ____17____ They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. A. Scandinavians may spend a lot of the winter in darkness. B. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. C. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. D. Gratitude is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks. E. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. F. When we feel deep happiness, our bodies are producing all sorts of wonderful chemicals. G. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. 第三部分 书面表达 第一节素材 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题 Active workstations may improve cognitive performance. Extended sedentary behavior, whether at work or home, increases a person’s risk of preventable chronic diseases. A recent study suggests that active workstations incorporating a walking pad, bike, stepper and/or standing desk are successful strategies for reducing sedentary time and improving mental cognition at work without reducing job performance. “Being sedentary is the new smoking when it comes to our cardiovascular health and office workers may spend a large part of their eight-hour workday sitting at a computer screen and keyboard. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to blend movement with office work that previously would have been done during long periods of sitting. Active workstations may offer a way to potentially improve cognitive performance and overall health, simply by moving at work,” says Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., a preventive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic and senior author of the study. The research involved 44 participants in a randomized clinical trial where four office settings were evaluated over four consecutive days. The settings included a stationary or sitting station on the first day, followed by three active workstations (standing, walking or using a stepper) in a randomized order. Researchers analyzed participants’ neurocognitive function based on 11 assessments that evaluated reasoning, short-term memory and concentration. Fine motor skills were assessed through an online typing speed test and other tests. When participants used the active workstations, their brain function either improved or stayed the same, and their typing speed slowed down only a bit. However, the accuracy of their typing was not affected. The study revealed improved reasoning scores when standing, stepping and walking as compared with sitting. “These findings indicate that there are more ways to do that work while remaining productive and mentally sharp. We would do well to consider an active workstation in the prescription for prevention and treatment of conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes,” says Dr. Lopez-Jimenez. 18. According to the latest study, what can an active workstation do? _____________________________________________________________ 19. How did the researchers conduct the trial involving 44 participants? _____________________________________________________________ 20. Underline the incorrect part of the following sentence and explain the reason. The trial shows that to some degree moving at work improved participants’ brain function except that they made a few mistakes while typing. _____________________________________________________________ 21. What other way(s) can you suggest to improve our cognitive performance/ brain function in our daily life? And explain how. _____________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 22. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。日前，你的英国笔友Jim来信与你交流思想，话题是“如果你未来的人生是一本书，你会起一个什么书名”。请你用英文回信，内容包括： 1. 拟定书名； 2. 解释理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024年海淀区高三英语查漏补缺 完形填空素材 A Ride for a Life Time 选文来源：Readers_Digest_Dec_2023_Jan_2024 老兵Bill在打车时与司机Letts提到自己在寻找捐肾的人，没想到善良的Letts随后就去医院进行了检查并于14个月后成功地为Bill捐了肾脏。 Bill Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020, and the 71-year-old, who was dealing with kidney failure and had been on dialysis for a few years, found himself at a vascular center 30 miles from home for the second time in 24hours. He was on the transplant list, but no matches had yet appeared, so he continued with his treatment. Without a ride lined up for Friday’s do-over, Sumiel took an Uber to and from his appointment. Timothy Letts, 31, was driving north to visit a friend when his phone pinged with the request for Sumiel’s ride home. The trip was out of Letts’s way. Still, he took the fare, figuring if the passenger was coming from a medical facility, he likely needed a ride. “Bill really lit up the car with positive energy,” says Letts, who shared with Sumiel that he was a proud veteran. Sumiel, who works in sales at a company that produces piping, mentioned that in the past he’d enjoyed volunteering in his community, even serving as president of the city council. But he was doing less these days, he explained, because the dialysis treatments left him exhausted. Then Sumiel revealed that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked that he’d be a good donor candidate, given that he didn’t drink or smoke. Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it as they kept driving. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it. After a monthslong screening process—including an interview, sharing medical records, meeting a living donor advocate, and testing—the results were in: Letts was an ideal donor, and he and Sumiel were a perfect match. 14months after they ended up in the same car by chance, Sumiel and Letts had their surgeries. It was a success. Sumiel is especially excited. After all, he says, “Living donors are special people!” 语法填空素材 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Essie’s heart races as she hears Hannah is searching for her after four decades. Hannah’s account on social media reveals her troubled past and the profound impact Essie had_____1_____her life. Now a trauma therapist, Hannah expresses gratitude for Essie’s love and _____2_____ (guide). Reconnecting over the phone, their conversation is full of nostalgia and _____3_____ (share) memories. Essie’s fostering story, spanning nearly 30 years, continues to inspire. In their reunion, the enduring power of love and compassion _____4_____ (shine), reaffirming the profound impact of human connection across time. 【答案】1. on 2. guidance 3. shared 4. shines 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了艾茜和汉娜的关系。 【1题详解】 考查介词。句意：汉娜在社交媒体上的描述揭示了她混乱的过去，以及艾茜对她生活的深刻影响。短语have profound impact on表示“对……有深刻影响”。故填on。 2题详解】 考查名词。句意：汉娜现在是一名创伤治疗师，她对艾西的爱和指导表示感谢。作介词的宾语，应用名词guidance，不可数。故填guidance。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过电话重新联系，他们的谈话充满了怀旧和共同的回忆。空格处应该用非谓语动词，修饰名词memories，动词share和名词memories之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词shared作定语。故填shared。 【4题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的团聚中，爱和同情的持久力量闪耀，重申了跨越时间的人际关系的深远影响。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为the enduring power，谓语用三单形式。故填shines。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An orangutan (红毛猩猩) in Sumatra surprised scientists when he was seen treating an open wound on his cheek with a poultice ____5____ (make) from a medicinal (药用的) plant. It’s the first scientific record of a wild animal healing a wound using a plant with known medicinal properties. The findings were published this week in Scientific Reports. Humans might even have discovered some ways of curing illnesses ____6____ watching animals. Probably our ancestors ____7____ (look) at other animals and learning about medicines. When social animals communicate, that information ____8____ (stick) and can last over generations. 【答案】5. made 6. by 7. were looking 8. sticks 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于红毛猩猩自我治疗的科学发现。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：苏门答腊岛的一只红毛猩猩用一种由药用植物制成的膏药治疗脸颊上的开放性伤口，这让科学家们感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作定语，使用谓语动词，make与poultice为动宾关系，因此用过去分词作定语，表被动。故填made。 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：人类甚至可能通过观察动物发现了一些治疗疾病的方法。根据下文“watching animals(观察动物)”可知，此处指通过某种方式观察动物，应使用介词by。故填by。 【7题详解】 考查时态。句意：也许我们的祖先观察其他动物并学习药物知识。根据下文“other animals and learning about medicines(……其他动物并学习药物知识)”可知，此处描述的是过去某个时间正在发生正在进行的事情，应使用过去进行时。故填were looking。 【8题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当群居动物交流时，这些信息就会被记住并可以持续几代人。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，且主语为information，因此谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填sticks。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Academic stress from curriculum-based ____9____ (pressure) like studying for exams or completing homework is at an all-time high for students. Luckily, here are 2 tips to help ease the pressure . First, budget your time. With a clear view of your schedule, you will feel more in control and ____10____ (empower) to approach your tasks calmly and confidently. Second, seek help. If you find that academic stress ____11____ (consume) your life, talk to a teacher, or another trusted adult. ____12____ a certain amount of anxiety is normal, no one should worry alone, because prolonged academic stress can lead to anxiety and depression. 【答案】9. pressures 10. empowered 11. has consumed 12. While 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个帮助学生缓解压力的小贴士。 【9题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：对于学生来说，学习考试或完成家庭作业等基于课程的压力带来的学业压力达到了历史最高水平。根据后文studying for exams or completing homework可知应用复数。故填pressures。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对自己的日程安排有一个清晰的认识，你会觉得自己更有控制力，更有能力冷静、自信地完成任务。作表语，应用形容词empowered。故填empowered。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：如果你发现学业压力已经吞噬了你的生活，那就和老师或其他值得信任的成年人谈谈。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响应用现在完成时，主语为stress，助动词用has。故填has consumed。 【12题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：虽然有一定程度的焦虑是正常的，但没有人应该独自担心，因为长期的学业压力会导致焦虑和抑郁。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用while，首字母大写。故填While。 第二部分 阅读理解 A 篇 素材 Wildlife trips for 2024 Whether seeking out snow leopards or birds of paradise, there’s an extraordinary wildlife experience for every nature-loving traveller... SPOT THE GAMBIA’S EXOTIC BIRDS WITH MEGAN MCCUBBIN If you think The Gambia is all about winter beach holidays think again. This tiny West African country is one of the continent’s most underrated wildlife destinations, with more than 600 species of bird having been recorded here. It’s also both easy to get to and affordable. On a new BirdingTrip with The Gambia Experience, you can join TV presenter and photographer Megan McCubbin, who has been visiting this country with her stepfather, Chris Packham, since she was a child. She’ll be guiding three- and four-night trips alongside Wanderlust World Guide Award 2023 winner Malick Suso. Given Malick won the Wildlife & Safari category and knows a host of unique birding locations, it’s a great opportunity to glimpse a side of The Gambia that few bother see. The Gambia Experience (gambia.co.uk). Dates and prices are to be confirmed soon. Booking now for 2025. ENJOY WILD LUXURY IN BOTSWANA’S OKAVANGO DELTA The Okavango Delta is high on the must-see list of most wildlife lovers, and a trio of new camps being offered by Audley Travel can now be combined on a tailor-made trip for a unique safari. Opening in May, Tawana in the Moremi Game Reserve combines luxurious suites and safari experiences in an area known for its high populations of antelope, lion and leopard. Also in the reserve is African Bush Camps’ Atzaro Okavango (see p28), which offers a dose of sustainable luxury as guests get to stay in solar-powered suites with their own plunge pools on a private concession. Lastly, Great Plains’ Sitatunga Private Island Camp recently opened, having been designed to make the most of its waterside setting on an island reserve in the delta. Audley (audleytravel.com). Tailor-made; 12 days with the option to stay at each new camp from £10,500pp (including international flights). EXPERIENCE SOUTH AFRICA’S FLOURISHING SAVANNAH Mother-and-daughter team Sarah and Isabelle Tompkins are working to breathe life back into 27,000 hectares of South Africa’s Great Karoo following decades of agricultural mistreatment and political turmoil. Since 1997, their private game reserve has reintroduced the first wild cheetahs, elephants and lions to the region in more than 100 years. Journeys With Purpose’s The Great Karoo: Dare To Rewild trip lets you shadow the family as they continue to regenerate the land. In addition to game drives, bush walks, cheetah-tracking and fireside chats, you’ll join an expert conservationist in the next steps of the reserve’s rewilding process: introducing female black rhinos into a community of males. Journeys With Purpose (journeyswithpurpose.org). 2 Nov; 6 nights from £9,755pp (excluding international flights). SPOT SEALS AND SEABIRDS IN THE WILD BRITISH ISLES The small-group Wild Isles trip with Wilderness England embraces the windswept coastlines of Northumberland and southern Scot- land. Beginning with bird and butterfly watching at Hauxley Wildlife Discovery Centre, you’ll then travel to the protected Farne Islands, where you can glimpse one of the largest grey seal colonies on the UK’s east coast, plus adorable puffins. More highlights include spotting waterfowl amid the saltmarsh and mudflats of historic Lindisfarne, then crossing the Scottish border and hopping a boat to Bass Rock, where some 150,000 northern gannets fill the skies. Continue on to Dunbar – the birthplace of conservationist John Muir – and beyond for more island hopping and rambling. Wilderness England (wildernessengland.com). 15 Jun; 6 nights from £2,395pp. CALL FOR MOOSE IN SWEDEN The Arctic Bath Hotel trip with Windows on the Wild is far more than just a hotel getaway. What it does do is make the most of the setting for this unique stay on the Lule River, high in the northern reaches of Arctic Sweden. Guests join Mikael “Micke” Suorra – also known as the ‘moose whisperer’ – and a local Sami guide to learn about moose and the art of calling them, before heading deeper into rural Swedish Lapland to seek out the ‘king of the forest’. After climbing a hunting tower, Suorra will begin his call, though he might also end up attracting some other large furry friends in the shape of bears. Make sure to bring along binoculars for a closer inspection. Windows on the Wild (windowsonthewild.com). The moose-calling experience (an additional £180pp) only runs Sep–Oct; 4 nights from £840pp (excluding international flights). C篇素材 Want to remember more? Make more mistakes WSJ 2024.4.19 By Charan Ranganath Whether we are trying to master a new language or play a musical instrument, the pain of making mistakes is a big obstacle, especially early in the learning curve. But novices become experts only when we push ourselves to the edge of our abilities, and errors are both inevitable and essential for moving forward. Neuroscientists and computer scientists call this error-driven learning, as mistakes are key for acquiring new information in both humans and machines. These insights have practical applications, including for anyone preparing for a test. Most students assume it is best to simply study the material and try to commit as much of it to memory as possible. Many standardized tests seemingly reward rote memorization. But what if students trained by testing themselves instead? Intuitively, it seems like studying is a safer bet; why risk producing wrong answers when you can just memorize the right one? Yet it turns out making errors early on can be more helpful for retaining information over time. Curious about the power of tests as a learning tool, cognitive psychologists Henry “Roddy” Roediger and Jeff Karpicke had hundreds of students memorize excerpts from a test-preparation book for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). One group memorized these passages by rereading them about 14 times; another group read the passages several times and then completed three tests in which they had to recall as much of what they studied as possible. As Roediger and Karpicke reported in Psychological Science in 2006, the students who repeatedly studied the material initially performed better, but when these students were tested again a week later, the differences were stark. The students who repeatedly studied remembered around 40% of what they had learned, on average, while those who tested themselves recalled over 60%. The testing effect has since been confirmed in many studies under a range of conditions. Its value remains undisputed, but scientists are still debating why it has such a powerful effect on memory. The simplest explanation is that testing exposes our weaknesses. In general, we tend to be overconfident about our ability to retain information we have just learned. The initially untested students in Roediger and Karpicke's experiment thought they knew more because they had never been challenged. The tested ones had the humbling experience of struggling and sometimes failing to recall new information, of making more errors, which spurred them to work harder to hold on to whatever they had. Yet the effect can't simply be explained by the hubris of students who are unaware of their weaknesses. Scientists are increasingly convinced that the simple act of mentally retrieving material makes people less prone to forgetting. This would explain why retrieval attempts are useful even when they lead to wrong answers. Let's say you want to learn Swahili, but before you've had a chance to study, you're asked, “What's the definition of usingizi?" You'll have to guess, which seems silly. Generating wrong answers should be ineffective or even counterproductive. Yet, it turns out that giving your brain a chance to struggle first will help you learn and keep more information over time. This is in line with a theory on memory proposed by cognitive psychologists Mark Carrier and Hal Pashler in the1990s. They noted that the neural network models of artificial intelligence learn through trial and error: We train algorithms by constantly correcting mistakes. Carrier and Pashler suggested this constructive feedback loop might work the same way for humans. That is, we may be similarly more likely to encode the right information if we make a wrong guess first. To understand how error-driven learning might work in the brain, my Dynamic Memory Lab at the University of California, Davis, used neural network models to simulate what happens in the hippocampus -- a critical brain area for rapid learning-when people repeatedly attempt to memorize the same information. Our results, published in PLOS Computational Biology in 2021, clarified that the human brain can learn and retain far more through trial and error than from rote memorization. This is because when we stress test our memories, we expose the weaknesses of existing neuronal connections in a way that ultimately strengthens what's useful and prunes away what's not. Rather than relearning the same material over and over- rereading the same textbook, say-it is more efficient to pinpoint the exact areas where our memory fails us, and then to update our memory with the right information. Of course, this works only if we understand where we went wrong, so we can correct for it. The point is to struggle, not to flail aimlessly. Many of us are already exploiting this feature of memory when we actively learn by doing rather than passively by memorizing. Athletes who run plays in a scrimmage and politicians who hone their message in mock debates intuitively use the power of error-driven learning. It's why driving around a new neighborhood and making a few wrong turns is a far better way to understand an area than traveling the same streets as a passenger or studying it all on a map. It's why taking practice tests for the SATs is often more helpful than spending hours memorizing countless words. These benefits can be maximized not only by optimizing how we learn but also when we learn. Our lab simulations showed that when we space out our attempts to learn things, we force our brain to struggle and therefore revise our memories of what we've learned- a phenomenon known as the “spacing effect.” These findings will soon be published in the journal Psychological Review. In college, I often crammed weeks of material into a single night of studying before an exam. It was effective in the short run, but most of what I learned slipped away soon after a semester ended. This is because the hippocampus generates memories by tying our experiences to a particular context, such as our desk at night or a cafe in the morning. It isn't too hard to recall information we studied the night before because our mental context hasn't changed much since then. But as time passes and our contexts change, it becomes harder to retrieve the information we learned when we were jacked up on caffeine one night at 3 a.m. Instead of studying for six hours straight, it is far more effective to return to the same information in shorter sessions over several days. This is because relearning the same material in different settings forces our hippocampus to continually update these memories until they have no discernible context, so they are easier to retrieve any place or time. Error-driven learning can explain how everyday memories can change over the years. When we revisit our memories for any reason, we update them so that they no longer take us back to a specific moment, which makes them more accessible. This helps clarify why well-honed anecdotes come to mind easily, but don't make us feel as though we are reexperiencing that moment each time we retell the story. In contrast, a rarely experienced taste or fragrance or song can trigger the memory of an otherwise buried moment of childhood, which transports us back in time. We learn and retain far more when we push ourselves to the edges of our knowledge. So, perhaps instead of rewarding mastery, we need to celebrate the struggle-the real work of learning. D篇素材 https://stanfordeconreview.com/2023/04/22/commentary-what-is-a-digital-nomad-introducing-the-new-nomadic-workforce/ COMMENTARY: What is a Digital Nomad? Introducing the New Nomadic Workforce April 22, 2023 Karthick Arunachalam Alma Andino Frydman, Stanford University Those of us who often scroll through TikTok or Instagram must have at least once stumbled across a video of a tan, smiling girl sitting on a white sand beach, sipping a well-decorated chilled drink as she works remotely from her laptop. This lifestyle seems fictional and too good to be true, yet more and more content creators of this kind have emerged in the last two years. You may have read things like “I work a corporate job from paradise, and YOU CAN DO IT TOO!” or “Destinations that will practically PAY YOU to travel as a digital nomad.” Maybe you too have asked yourself whether that life is actually possible and what it entails. But who exactly are these digital nomads? What does a day in their lives look like? The COVID-19 pandemic drastically transformed how people work. Before the pandemic, only 5% of American workdays were WFH (“working from home”); as the pandemic engulfed the world, this number rose to a staggering 50%. For many, the pandemic forced a natural divergence from the “9 to 5” work structure. Many workers realized they were just as, if not more, productive working at their own pace, and for many, there was no going back to the office. Some companies soon began to implement WFA (“work from anywhere”) policies and the results have consistently demonstrated workers’ preference for location independence—not being tied to one work location. When Airbnb announced that their employees could live and work anywhere, their careers page experienced a surge in viewership: 800,000 visits in a single week. In February 2021, Spotify announced its own WFA model. Fast forward to today and attrition rates are down 15% compared to the same quarter in 2019. In contrast, when the reverse was implemented, as Apple announced its return to an in-office work scheme, approximately 56% of its employees stated they were planning on leaving as a result. It is clear that location independence is a significant priority for remote workers. A particular group of workers capitalized on their newfound location independence to work while they traveled the world. First described in Tsugio Makimoto and David Manners’ book Digital Nomad, digital nomads are location-independent professionals who rely on personal technologies to travel while working remotely. They can travel domestically or internationally while the internet allows them to stay connected to jobs, colleagues, and clients. Digital nomads are often knowledge workers, whose responsibilities primarily consist of manipulating and transmitting ideas within professions such as software engineering, digital marketing, and accounting. This means that digital nomads generally earn high salaries but spend their incomes in cheaper countries via traveling. Facilitated by advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), this laptop-bound group of workers gained a reputation for building careers from Bali and the Caribbean. It was the pandemic, however, that caused the trend to skyrocket. In 2022, a staggering 16.9 million Americans described themselves as digital nomads, a 131% increase from 2019. As the shift to remote work started to appear somewhat permanent, many countries began issuing “digital nomad visas.” Nations like Colombia, Costa Rica, and Portugal are among the 46 countries promising tax-free living as long as workers can provide proof of income. This list is only growing as more and more workers leave office jobs for greener, sandier pastures. While the explosion of digital nomadism has been recognized by the private sector and foreign governments, academic research on these workers remains sparse. I, Alma Andino, the author of this commentary, spent the summer of 2022 conducting an economic study on the rise of digital nomadism in Mexico. I stayed in “coworking hostels”—hostels with built-in offices in these Westernized bubbles—in an effort to understand who these workers were and the way they made decisions about their lives and careers. After 50 interviews, here is what I found: Digital nomads are young, adventurous, and very detached; almost all were single and childless, and generally from affluent and highly educated backgrounds. Instead of buying houses and apartments, nomads bounce between beaches and party towns, as well as new cities, seeking adventures while working from high-end hostels. Their lack of geographic or relational stability means that they often lose touch with their national identity, home country politics, or religious affiliation. They travel to Mexico because it is convenient for their time zone and cheap for their foreign-earned income. It is no surprise that young, independent, adventurous, high-earning professionals would flock to a place like Mexico if presented with the opportunity. What was striking about my findings, however, was the commitment digital nomads made to this lifestyle; when asked how much of a raise they would need to consider a hybrid return to the office (meaning they could no longer travel full time), 70% of subjects said they would quit. For these digital nomads, the freedom to live anywhere to pursue a lifestyle they desire is worth more than any raise. Why, you may ask? Many digital nomads I spoke with value the new perspectives, experiences, and connections they gain abroad above the alternative wage raise. Traveling offers nomadic workers diverse learning opportunities and a global network inaccessible from a traditional office environment. Many nomads, however, explained the inherent loneliness of working in transient communities. Though their work-life balance improved, digital nomads had to navigate constant distractions in working from a paradisiacal place. While their situation may seem ideal, digital nomads may unintentionally harm the communities to which they travel by fueling gentrification. Knowledge workers tend to be high-earning, white-collar workers in their home countries, and thus their arrival represents an influx of Western income with which locals are unable to compete. Since digital nomads seek integration into local culture, they do not remain in tourist enclaves like resorts. As such, they directly compete with locals in trendy neighborhoods. The migration of digital nomads to these areas is so substantial and rapid that pushback is already being felt. In June 2022, the LA Times published an article about remote workers moving to Mexico City and the backlash they have faced from their neighbors in these areas. To further the conversation, future research should investigate the markers of gentrification in these neighborhoods, the growing resentment toward digital nomads among local populations, and the migratory patterns of locals leaving urban centers that are now unaffordable. So, is being a digital nomad too good to be true? It is clear these workers are lonelier, and staying motivated is perhaps more challenging, but many remote workers are still pulling off building careers from tropical beaches and vibrant new cities. Nevertheless, the effects digital nomads will have on local economies must be studied closely, considering the migration of capital that accompanies them. One thing is for certain, though: Work has undoubtedly changed forever, and for digital nomads, the world is irreversibly their office. (1136 words) 阅读理解第二节素材 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Gratitude Makes You Happier Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life. ____13____ Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful. ____14____ Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances positive emotions and makes us more optimistic. ____15____ Keller explains more specifically how rewarding it is for our body. “Experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also causes the brain to release oxytocin, a hormone which induces feelings like trust and generosity which promotes social bonding, and feeling connected.” ____16____ One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enoughness. ____17____ They remain grateful for a healthy work-life balance. As a result of this satisfaction and contentment, they feel their lives have value. So, take some time to be thankful. It can impact your happiness and enhance many aspects of your life. A. Scandinavians may spend a lot of the winter in darkness. B. Gratitude supports happiness in ways related to all of these. C. They don’t chase happiness or work overtime for months at a time. D. Gratitude is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks. E. Just like a muscle, thankfulness is something we need to exercise more often. F. When we feel deep happiness, our bodies are producing all sorts of wonderful chemicals. G. Even better blood pressure and positive effects on the heart have been linked to gratitude. 【答案】13. B 14. E 15. F 16. G 17. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了感恩如何让你更快乐。 【13题详解】 根据上文“Choosing to be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way to boost your happiness. We usually think of happiness as a subjective sense of well-being, a feeling of joy and satisfaction. But more than just an emotion or fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness also includes a deep sense of meaning, worth and purpose in life.(选择感恩可能是一种简单易行的方式来提升你的幸福感。我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的)”可知，上文提到了幸运包含深刻的意义、价值和生活目的，且提到感恩可以提升幸福感，说明感恩可以有助于幸福，从上述方面支持着幸福。故B选项“感恩在所有这些方面都支持着幸福”符合语境，故选B。 【14题详解】 根据上文“Research has shown gratitude has far-reaching effects on our physical health. When people are thankful, they’re more likely to exercise, eat better, and take care of their health. Much evidence points to lower stress, reduced pain and improved immune systems as a result of being thankful.(研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有深远的影响。当人们心存感激时，他们更有可能锻炼身体，吃得更好，照顾好自己的健康。许多证据表明，感恩的结果是压力减轻，疼痛减轻，免疫系统改善)”可知，上文提到了感恩对健康的好处，且把感恩和锻炼作比较，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明两者的相似性。故E选项“就像肌肉一样，感恩是我们需要经常锻炼的东西”符合语境，故选E。 15题详解】 根据后文“Keller explains more specifically how rewarding it is for our body. “Experiencing gratitude activates neurotransmitters like dopamine, which we associate with pleasure, and serotonin, which regulates our mood. It also causes the brain to release oxytocin, a hormone which induces feelings like trust and generosity which promotes social bonding, and feeling connected.”(凯勒更具体地解释了这对我们的身体是多么有益。“感恩会激活多巴胺和血清素等神经递质，多巴胺与快乐有关，血清素调节我们的情绪。它还会导致大脑释放催产素，这种激素会产生信任和慷慨等感觉，从而促进社会联系和联系感。”)”可知，后文凯勒的话表明，感恩会促使身体产生一些化学物质。故F选项“当我们感到深深的快乐时，我们的身体会产生各种奇妙的化学物质”符合语境，故选F。 【16题详解】 根据后文“One way is to learn from the Scandinavians, who, the UN’s World Happiness Report suggests, are the happiest people in the world. It’s worth pausing to think about why.(一种方法是向斯堪的纳维亚人学习，联合国的世界幸福报告显示，斯堪的纳维亚人是世界上最幸福的人。值得停下来想想为什么)”可知，后文提到了“一种方法是向斯堪的纳维亚人学习”，可推测本句说明向他们学习的原因，故G选项“更好的血压和对心脏的积极影响都与感恩有关”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels of happiness. They are appreciative of a functioning society where they have economic security and social institutions support everyone. Yet, there is something else. They value “moderation”, a just enoughness. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，即恰到好处)”可知，上文提到斯堪的纳维亚人重视“适度”原则，本句为本段最后一句，故就“适度”展开说明。C选项中They对应上文Scandinavians。故C选项“他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月”符合语境，故选C。 第三部分 书面表达 第一节素材 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题 Active workstations may improve cognitive performance. Extended sedentary behavior, whether at work or home, increases a person’s risk of preventable chronic diseases. A recent study suggests that active workstations incorporating a walking pad, bike, stepper and/or standing desk are successful strategies for reducing sedentary time and improving mental cognition at work without reducing job performance. “Being sedentary is the new smoking when it comes to our cardiovascular health, and office workers may spend a large part of their eight-hour workday sitting at a computer screen and keyboard. Our findings suggest that it is feasible to blend movement with office work that previously would have been done during long periods of sitting. Active workstations may offer a way to potentially improve cognitive performance and overall health, simply by moving at work,” says Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., a preventive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic and senior author of the study. The research involved 44 participants in a randomized clinical trial where four office settings were evaluated over four consecutive days. The settings included a stationary or sitting station on the first day, followed by three active workstations (standing, walking or using a stepper) in a randomized order. Researchers analyzed participants’ neurocognitive function based on 11 assessments that evaluated reasoning, short-term memory and concentration. Fine motor skills were assessed through an online typing speed test and other tests. When participants used the active workstations, their brain function either improved or stayed the same, and their typing speed slowed down only a bit. However, the accuracy of their typing was not affected. The study revealed improved reasoning scores when standing, stepping and walking as compared with sitting. “These findings indicate that there are more ways to do that work while remaining productive and mentally sharp. We would do well to consider an active workstation in the prescription for prevention and treatment of conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes,” says Dr. Lopez-Jimenez. 18. According to the latest study, what can an active workstation do? _____________________________________________________________ 19. How did the researchers conduct the trial involving 44 participants? _____________________________________________________________ 20. Underline the incorrect part of the following sentence and explain the reason. The trial shows that to some degree moving at work improved participants’ brain function except that they made a few mistakes while typing. _____________________________________________________________ 21. What other way(s) can you suggest to improve our cognitive performance/ brain function in our daily life? And explain how. _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】18. Reduce sedentary time and improve mental cognition at work without reducing job performance. 19. They evaluated and analyzed the participants’ neurocognitive function in 4 different settings. /By evaluating and analyzing participants’ neurocognitive function in 4 different settings. 20. The trial shows that to some degree moving at work improved participants’ brain function except that they made a few mistakes while typing. Because according to the passage, moving at work slowed down their typing speed only a bit but didn’t affect the accuracy of their typing. 21. There are some other ways to improve cognitive performance and brain function in daily life. Regular exercise improves blood flow to the brain, which helps with the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. It also stimulates the production of chemicals in the brain that support learning and memory. Healthy Diet is another way. Eating a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins can support brain health. Foods like fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables are good sources of these nutrients. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于活跃工作站如何改善认知性能的研究。研究发现，通过在工作中融入步行垫、自行车、踏步机或站立式办公桌，可以减少久坐时间，并在不降低工作效率的情况下提高脑力认知。 【18题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“A recent study suggests that active workstations incorporating a walking pad, bike, stepper and/or standing desk are successful strategies for reducing sedentary time and improving mental cognition at work without reducing job performance.(最近的一项研究表明，包括步行垫、自行车、踏步车和/或站立式办公桌在内的活跃工作站是减少久坐时间、提高工作时的心理认知能力而又不降低工作绩效的成功策略)”可知，一个活跃的工作站可以减少久坐不动的时间，可以在不降低工作表现的情况下提高工作时的心理认知能力。故答案为Reduce sedentary time and improve mental cognition at work without reducing job performance. 【19题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“The research involved 44 participants in a randomized clinical trial where four office settings were evaluated over four consecutive days.(这项研究涉及44名随机临床试验参与者，在连续四天时间里对四种办公环境进行了评估)”可知，这项涉及44名参与者的试验评估并分析了参与者在4种不同环境下的神经认知功能。故答案为They evaluated and analyzed the participants’ neurocognitive function in 4 different settings. / By evaluating and analyzing participants’ neurocognitive function in 4 different settings. 【20题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段中“When participants used the active workstations, their brain function either improved or stayed the same, and their typing speed slowed down only a bit. However, the accuracy of their typing was not affected.(当参与者使用活跃的工作站时，他们的大脑功能要么有所改善，要么保持不变，他们的打字速度只减慢了一点。然而，他们打字的准确性没有受到影响)”可知，在工作中运动只会稍稍减慢他们的打字速度，但不会影响他们打字的准确性。故句中错误部分为except that they made a few mistakes while typing(除了他们在打字时犯了几个错误)。故答案为：The trial shows that to some degree moving at work improved participants’ brain function except that they made a few mistakes while typing. Because according to the passage, moving at work slowed down their typing speed only a bit but didn’t affect the accuracy of their typing.According to the passage, moving at work slowed down their typing speed only a bit but didn’t affect the accuracy of their typing. 【21题详解】 考查推理判断。在日常生活中，还有很多其他方法来提高我们的认知能力。有规律的运动可以促进大脑的血液流动，这有助于氧气和营养物质的输送。它还刺激大脑中支持学习和记忆的化学物质的产生。健康饮食是另一种方式。富含omega-3脂肪酸、抗氧化剂和维生素的饮食均衡有助于大脑健康。鱼类、坚果、水果和蔬菜等食物都是这些营养物质的良好来源。故答案为There are some other ways to improve cognitive performance and brain function in daily life. Regular exercise improves blood flow to the brain, which helps with the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. It also stimulates the production of chemicals in the brain that support learning and memory. Healthy Diet is another way. Eating a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins can support brain health. Foods like fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables are good sources of these nutrients. 第二节（20分） 22. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。日前，你的英国笔友Jim来信与你交流思想，话题是“如果你未来的人生是一本书，你会起一个什么书名”。请你用英文回信，内容包括： 1. 拟定书名； 2. 解释理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I appreciate your thought-exchanging question about the future life as a book. If I were to choose a title, it would be Unwritten Paths. I believe “Unwritten Paths” expresses the basic and most important characteristic of my journey ahead. Life is full of uncertainties and surprises, and I want to embrace the unknown with curiosity and courage. This title reflects my desire to explore new opportunities, take risks, and carve out my unique path in the world. It signifies the adventure of seizing moments of growth, and writing my own story. I hope “Unwritten Paths” resonates with you as much as it does with me. Let’s start our respective journeys with excitement and determination! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是一封告知信，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，就“如果未来的人生是一本书，你会起一个什么书名”这一话题进行交流。 【详解】词汇积累 交流：exchange → communicate 不确定性：uncertainties → unpredictability 好奇心：curiosity → inquisitiveness 独特的：unique → distinctive 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：If I were to choose a title, it would be Unwritten Paths. 同义句：If given the chance to select a title for my future life's journey, I would name it Unwritten Paths. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe “Unwritten Paths” expresses the basic and most important characteristic of my journey ahead.（使用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】This title reflects my desire to explore new opportunities, take risks, and carve out my unique path in the world.（使用了动词不定式作定语，修饰名词desire） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$