2023年新高考广东高考英语阅读理解B篇精讲精练 -2024届高三下学期英语冲刺复习专项

文章精读 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 一、生词积累 2、 重点词形变换 observe -----------------observation combine ----------------combination v. 观察；看到 n. 观察；监视； v. 使结合，混合 n. 结合（体） harm -----------------harmful invent- ------------invention--- -----------inventor v. 伤害；损害 adj. 有害的 v. 发明；编造 n. 发明；捏造； n. 发明家；创造者； ecology--------------ecological n. 生态（学） adj. 生态（学）的 3、 重点语法知识 把原文中划线句子进行分类，状语从句，定语从句，宾语从句 从句的判断方法： 定语从句：划完从句看左边，是名词，连词代替该名词在从句中充当成分 宾语从句：划完从句看左边，是动词或者介词。 定语从句的连词选用思路： 第1， 连词在从句中充当主语，或者宾语 人（who） 物（which） 都可以（that） 第2， 连词在从句中充当状语， 地方（where）； 时间（when）； 原因（why） 注意先行词是way 的时候，定语从句的连词有以下的情况 1、 先行词是the way（方式，方法） ①定语从句中缺宾语时,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式:  （1）  The way  that （2）  The way  which he explained to us was quite simple. （3） The way 不填   ②定语从句中缺状语时,引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种形式: （1） The way that        （2） The way  in which  he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. （3） The way 不填 宾语从句连词选用思路： 第1， 从句缺主语或者宾语 人（who） 物（what） 第2， 翻译后缺是否意思 ，用 if、whether 第3， 翻译后缺状语 时间when 地点 where 原因why 方式 how 第4， 句子结构完整，翻译后意思完整，用that 4、 即时练习 单句语法填空 1．Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les. 2．They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 3．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 4．Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __________ is not good for the health. 5．But Sarah, __________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 6. So, slow down and think ______you really want to do at that moment.   7. You have to know___________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 8. We must find out ________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 9. You must be surprised at________ has won the first prize. 10.I was lost in admiration for____________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 11. When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, __________(observe) how nature solved problems. 12. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after _________(flow) through plants and along rocks . 13. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could_________(use) to clean up the messes. 14.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to __________(observe) nature and asking questions. 15. With the right_________(combine) of animals and plants, maybe he could clean up waste . 16. He decided to build _________he would later call an eco-machine. 17. The task John set for____________(him) was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). 18.First, he _________(constructed) a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. 19. He __________(place) them in the tanks and waited. 20.Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and__________(form) their own ecosystem. 21. Over the years, John __________(take) on many big jobs. 22. He developed a greenhouse — like facility _________ treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. 23.He also designed ________ eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. 24. Then you let these new systems develop __________(they) own ways to self-repair.” 25.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks _______tiny creatures lived. 1-10 which；who；which；which，who；what；where ;when ;what 11- observing；flowing;be used ;observing ; combination；what；himself ；constructed;formed ; 21-has taken;that;an;their ;where 阅读理解 B When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 4. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. C D B A 词性转换练习 observe -----------------____________ combine ---------------____________ v. 观察；看到 n. 观察；监视； v. 使结合，混合 n. 结合（体） harm ----------------____________ invent- ------------____________ --- ----------____________ v. 伤害；损害 adj. 有害的 v. 发明；编造 n. 发明；捏造； n. 发明家；创造者； ecology--------------____________ n. 生态（学） adj. 生态（学）的 5、 文章翻译 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他的房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。 例如，一条肮脏的溪流在流过植物和沿着微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。 当他长大后，约翰开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的混乱。 在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到观察自然并提出问题。 为什么某些植物会捕获有害细菌（细菌）？哪些鱼可以吃致癌的化学物质？ 他认为，有了动物和植物的正确结合，也许他可以像自然一样清理垃圾。 他决定建造一种后来被他称为生态机器的机器。 约翰为自己设定的任务是清除一些污泥中的有害物质（污泥）。 首先，他建造了一系列相互连接的透明玻璃纤维储罐。 然后，他四处来到当地的池塘和小溪里，带回了一些动植物。 他把它们放在坦克里，等待着。 渐渐地，这些不同种类的生活相互适应，形成了自己的生态系统。 几周后，约翰又加了一些污泥。 他很惊讶生态机器里的植物和动物把污泥作为食物，并开始吃它！ 几个星期之内，它都被消化掉了，只剩下纯水了。 多年来，约翰做了许多大的工作。 他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水（污水）。 他还在中国东南部的一个城市福州设计了一种清洁运河水的生态机器。 “生态设计”是约翰对他所做的事情的称呼。 “地球上的生命对发明者来说就像一盒备件，”他说。“你把生物体建立新的关系，观察正在发生的事情。然后你让这些新系统开发出自己的自我修复方式。” 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$