2024届高考英语必考之文化习俗 学案

高考必考之传统文化——文化遗产 传统文化——名胜古迹相关表达： 名胜古迹： the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 the Forbidden City 紫禁城 the Summer Palace 颐和园 the Great Wall 长城 Yuanmingyuan 圆明园 the Temple of Heaven 天坛 the Terracotta Army / Warriors 兵马俑 Mount Tai 泰山 Mount Huangshan / the Yellow Mountain 黄山 the Grand Canal 大运河 the Old Town of Lijiang 丽江古城 the Chengde Mountain Resort 承德避暑山庄 Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area 九寨沟风景名胜区 Wulingyuan Scenic Area 武陵源风景名胜区 Huangguoshu National Park 黄果树国家公园 Changtang National Nature Reserve 羌塘国家级自然保护区 the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清皇家陵寝 the Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty 明孝陵 the Ming Tombs 明十三陵 Changling 明长陵 Dingling 明定陵 Zhaoling 明昭陵 Dongling 清东陵 Xiling 清西陵 Ling’en Palace 十三陵长陵祾恩殿 （简称祾恩殿） the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County 释迦塔（全称佛宫寺释迦塔，俗称应县木塔。位于山 西省朔州市应县城西北佛宫寺内。是世界上现存最古老最高大之木塔，是全国重点文物保护 单位。与意大利比萨斜塔、巴黎埃菲尔铁塔并称“世界三大奇塔”。2016 年，释迦塔获吉尼 斯世界纪录认定，为世界最高的木塔。） Library Cave 藏经洞 Dunhuang Cave 敦煌石窟 the Mogao Caves / Grottoes 莫高窟 the Silk Road 丝绸之路 the Temple of Confucius 孔庙 Kong Family Mansion / the Mansion of Confucius 孔府 Cemetery of Confucius 孔林 Dai Temple 岱庙 Dacheng Hall 大成殿 Shuanglin Temple 双林寺hutong 胡同 常用表达： a nature reserve 自然保护区 natural wonders 自然奇观 natural beauty 自然美景 historic sites 历史遗迹 cultural relics / remains 文化遗迹 tourist attractions 旅游胜地 traditional gardens 传统园林 Chinese classical garden 中国园林 ancient architecture 古建筑 man-made structure 人造建筑物 the grand historic building 宏伟的历史建筑 incredible ancient structure 令人难以置信的古老建筑 ancient defensive architecture 古代防御性建筑 valuable artworks 有价值的艺术品 have a very rich history 历史悠久 vast grasslands 广阔的草原 the rolling valleys 蜿蜒起伏的山谷 a snow-capped mountain 白雪皑皑的山 breathtaking mountain scenery 令人叹为观止的山景 dreamlike scenery 如梦如幻的景色 unique design and beauty 独特的设计和美感 be of great cultural and historical importance 具有重要的文化和历史意义 the four great Chinese inventions 四大发明 gunpowder 火药 papermaking 造纸术 printing 印刷术 the compass 指南针 24 Solar Terms 24 节气 the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term) 立春 Rain Water (2nd solar term) 雨水 the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) 惊蛰 the Spring Equinox (4th solar term) 春分 Pure Brightness (5th solar term) 清明 Grain Rain (6th solar term) 谷雨 the Beginning of Summer (7th solar term) 立夏 Lesser Fullness of Grain (8th solar term) 小满 Grain in Beard (9th solar term) 芒种 the Summer Solstice (10th solar term) 夏至Lesser Heat (11th solar term) 小暑 Greater Heat (12th solar term) 大暑 the Beginning of Autumn (13th solar term) 立秋 the End of Heat (14th solar term) 处暑 White Dew (15th solar term) 白露 the Autumn Equinox (16th solar term) 秋分 Cold Dew (17th solar term) 寒露 Frost’s Descent (18th solar term) 霜降 the Beginning of Winter (19th solar term) 立冬 Lesser Snow (20th solar term) 小雪 Greater Snow (21st solar term) 大雪 the Winter Solstice (22nd solar term) 冬至 Lesser Cold (23rd solar term) 小寒 Greater Cold (24th solar term) 大寒 写作输出：（根据翻译，完成句子） 风景名胜 Mount Huangshan / the Yellow Mountain 黄山 1. Mount Huangshan is famous for its ___________________________. 黄山以其令人叹为观止的山景而闻名。 2. Its ___________________________ rise above a sea of clouds, making for breathtaking mountain scenery. Mount Huangshan has been the subject of _____________ paintings and poems. 它高耸的山峰耸立在云海之上，形成了令人叹为观止的山景。黄山已成为无数绘画和诗歌的 主题。 The Forbidden City 紫禁城 1. The Forbidden City is an ___________________________ at the heart of Beijing. 紫禁城位于北京中心的皇宫建筑群。 2. It _____________ imperial living and governing quarters, valuable artworks, and ___________________________. 这里容纳了皇室住所和处理政务的宫殿，还拥有奇珍异品和传统园林。 3. The Forbidden City took 14 years to build and had 24 emperors in residence. 紫禁城历时 14 年建成，曾有 24 位皇帝在此居住。the Great Wall 长城 Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area 九寨沟风景名胜区 the Silk Road 丝绸之路 1. The Great Wall is an example of awe-inspiring ___________________________. 长城是一个令人敬畏的古代防御性建筑典范。 2. The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world built in different areas by different dynasties to ___________________________. 长城是世界上最长的城墙，它由不同的朝代在不同的区域建造的城墙组成，以保护领土边界。 3. Its winding path over rugged country and steep mountains takes visitors through areas of some ___________________________. 它蜿蜒盘旋，越过崎岖的乡村和陡峭的山脉，带游客领略各处壮观的风景。 4. The Great Wall of China is the largest structure ever made and ___________________________. This makes it an important ___________________________ not just for China, but for all people around the world. 中国的长城是有史以来最大的建筑，也是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一，这使得它不仅是中国的重 要文化遗产，也是全世界人民的重要文化遗产。 1. As ___________________________, Jiuzhaigou Valley, just north of the Sichuan Basin, is home to mighty snow-capped mountains, thick forests alive with wildlife, impressive waterfalls and lakes so blue that they ___________________________. 九寨沟，作为国家公园和自然保护区之一，位于四川盆地的北部，这里有巍峨的雪山、野生动 物活跃的茂密森林、雄伟壮观的瀑布、蓝得令人叹为观止的湖泊。 2. This dreamlike scenery makes us realize that nature has truly created a _____________. 这种如梦如幻的景色让我们意识到，大自然确实创造了一个杰作。 1. The Silk Road was an important historical trade route between China and the Mediterranean. 丝绸之路是中国与地中海之间重要的历史贸易路线。 2. In addition to trade exchange, the Silk Road served as ___________________________. 除了贸易往来，丝绸之路还发挥着文化交流的桥梁作用。 3. Today, the old Silk Road is ___________________________ through China’s Belt and Road Initiative. 今天，古老的丝绸之路在中国的“一带一路”倡议下重现生机。 4. These amazingly long routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which ___________________________. 这一条条长得惊人的商路沟通了东西方文明，进而实现了共同繁荣。5. And, more importantly, this new Silk Road will make cultural exchanges faster and easier, helping more people come together in ___________________________. 更重要的是，这条新丝绸之路将使文化交流更加便捷，让更多的人相互了解，增进友谊。 6. All of these activities ___________________________ as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods, knowledge and ideas. 所有这些活动共同催生了一个欣欣向荣的大时代，因为贸易往来和文化交流使人们接触到新商 品、新知识和新观念。 the Mogao Caves / Grottoes 莫高窟 1. The Mogao Caves have long been ___________________________ and are part of the history of many countries. 长期以来，莫高窟一直是多元文化的交汇点，反映着不同国家的历史文化。 2. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves. 来自世界各地的游客纷纷造访敦煌、欣赏洞窟。 the Terracotta Army / Warriors 兵马俑 I’ve heard that the Terracotta Army is an amazing sight, and I ___________________________. 我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待了。 The Old Town of Lijiang 丽江古城 Each year, many foreign tourists visit the Old Town of Lijiang, and the place is like “Venice in the East” to them. 每年都有许多外国游客参观丽江古城，对他们来说，这里就像“东方的威尼斯”。 The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清皇家陵寝 1. The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are among ___________________________ to be found anywhere in the world. 明清皇家陵寝是世界上最非凡的文化遗迹之一。 2. Preserving the Ming and Qing tombs has been given serious attention in recent decades. 近几十年来，保护明清皇家陵寝一直备受关注。Hutong 胡同 1. Because of the hutongs, courtyards ___________________________ for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together — a real community. 胡同的存在，使得方圆几里的院落都连在一起，形成了一个人们共同工作、娱乐和生活的网络— —一个真正的社区。 2. The hutongs not only link Beijing’s streets and communities, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is ___________________________. 胡同不仅连接着北京的街道和社区，也连接着它的过去和现在，这表明北京确实是一个古老而现 代的城市。 遗产保护万能句 1. Heritage protection is ___________________________ all mankind. 为了全人类的利益，遗产保护是当务之急。 2. ___________________________ the value of heritage, we should do our best to preserve the heritage sites. 考虑到遗产的价值，我们应该尽最大努力保护这些文化遗址。 3. In conclusion, every heritage site is unique and has a special ___________________________. 总之，每一个遗产地都是独一无二的，具有其特殊的文化或客观意义。 4. We all ___________________________ to protect and preserve heritage sites, not just for ourselves, but for future generations. 我们有共同的责任来保护、保存遗产地，这不仅利在我辈，也利在后代。 5. By protecting heritage sites together, people may ___________________________. 通过共同保护遗产地，人们能够提高构建人类命运共同体的意识。 6. These sites are the great wonders of our world and tell the story of ___________________________. 这些遗产地是我们世界的伟大奇观，诉说着人类文明的故事。 7. Finding and ___________________________ between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. 在发展与文化遗址保护之间找到恰当的平衡点，并加以保持，这可能是一项巨大的挑战。 8. Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for ___________________________. 欣赏本国文化遗产，有助于了解我们自己；欣赏他国文化遗产，有助于增进国际交流和理解。 语法填空 ①北京胡同 （粗体词表示高级表达和专有名词） During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 2 (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround) in concentric (同 心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4 (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6 (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers.（2023 年浙江 1 月高考） ②徒步穿越古丝绸之路 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years, Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.（2022 全国甲卷） ③ 游览黄山 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 5 (astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 9 (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!（2021 年新高考 I 卷） 应用文写作 ①推荐旅游胜地 假定你是李华，你的加拿大网友 Henry 寒假打算来中国，希望你能为他推荐一个旅游胜 地。请你用英语给他发一封电子邮件，向他推荐一个你所喜欢的旅游胜地。内容包括： 1. 简介你推荐的旅游胜地；2. 叙述推荐理由；3. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Henry, How’s it going? Yours, Li Hua (本篇写作出自维克多英语《高考英语总复习通关检测》) ②保护文化遗产 假定你是李华，你校以保护文化遗产为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿， 内容包括： 1. 文化遗产的重要性；2. 如何保护文化遗产。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 参考答案 Mount Huangshan / the Yellow Mountain 黄山 1. breathtaking mountain scenery 2. towering peaks; countless The Forbidden City 紫禁城 1. imperial palace complex 2. houses; traditional gardens the Great Wall 长城 1. ancient defensive architecture 2. protect territorial borders 3. spectacular scenery 4. one of the great wonders of the world; cultural heritage siteJiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area 九寨沟风景名胜区 1. a national park and nature reserve; take our breath away 2. masterpiece the Silk Road 丝绸之路 2. a bridge for cultural exchange 3. being brought back to life 4. achieved a shared development 5. mutual understanding and friendship 6. contributed to a great age of expansion the Mogao Caves / Grottoes 莫高窟 a meeting point for different cultures the Terracotta Army / Warriors 兵马俑 can’t wait to go The Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明清皇家陵寝 the most extraordinary cultural remains Hutong 胡同 1. were joined together 2. truly an ancient yet modern city 遗产保护万能句 1. at the top of the agenda for the benefit of 2. In the light of 3. cultural or physical significance 4. share a joint responsibility 5. improve the awareness of building a human community with a shared future 6. human civilization 7. keeping the right balance 8. international communication and understanding语法填空① 1. and 2. originally 3. surrounded 4. were permitted 5. featured 6. spacious 7. simpler / more simple 8. as 9. events 10. the 语法填空② 1. to journey 2. who 3. held 4. A 5. protection 6. meaningful 7. has walked 8. highest 9. from 10. planning 语法填空③ 1. What 2. humans 3. undoubtedly 4. hotter 5. astonished 6. was 7. and 8. aching 9. mine 10. a 应用文写作① Dear Henry, How’s it going? Glad to learn you are to visit China in the winter holiday. I’m writing to recommend to you my favorite tourist attraction. When I read your letter, the first place that popped into my mind was Xishuangbanna, located in the southwest of China. You can enjoy the fascinating dances of Dai people there as well as all kinds of delicious food, especially the local snacks. What impresses me most is the Water Splashing Festival, at which people splash water onto each other to express good wishes. Colorful culture and customs are another chief reason why I recommend the place. I’m sure the trip will be a visual feast for you. I’m looking forward to hearing from you about it. Yours, Li Hua 应用文写作② Heritage sites are a reminder of the power of nature and the genius of man. Preserving our heritage sites allows us to appreciate the past and to find inspiration for the future. In order to preserve heritage sites successfully, we could take the following measures. First, the site authorities should limit the number of visitors to heritage sites and regulate how often or how long the sites are open to visitors. Second, the government should invest more money in the projects about the restoration and preservation of local heritage. Last but not least, we have to educate the general public about the importance of heritage sites. Humans are the guardians of these irreplaceable treasures, so we should work together to take care of and preserve them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$