2024年英语中考三轮复习冲刺专题四：字词猜测解题技巧讲义

字词猜测解题技巧 从语境中推断出单词、短语的意义，是英语阅读理解题的最主要出题方向，是考察考生英语语言能力、文化品格等的重要途径。词义猜测题能以单词和短语含义为命题考查对象，也能以某个句子的确切理解或者代词确切指代为设题目的。阅读理解文章除直接考察词或词组词义猜测之外，总有些词或词组是《考试大纲》词汇表所规定的，而不附加注释、还要求考生进行推测，也算是间接地考察词义推测。 1猜词词义题： 方法：①利用同义或近义词来猜测 ②利用反义词猜词 ③利用上下文语境猜词 ④利用定义或解释猜词 ⑤利用例证猜词 ⑥利用复叙或同等关系猜词 ⑦利用词义搭配，关联猜词 ⑧利用经验和常识猜词 ⑨根据语境转折猜词 ⑩利用构词法来猜词 陷阱：一个单词往往不只一层含义，注意深层含义。 方法1 词义猜测法 词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。 方法2 短语猜测法 短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。 方法3 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法 在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,, on the other hand等 方法4构词法猜词法 在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等，如果一来，这些问题便不难解决了。 方法5指代猜测法 指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系，判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。 （2023·陕西西安·西安高级中学校考模拟预测） Weekend Events Dance PartyCome and dance in the city square! Saturday, May 13th Starts at 12:00 p.m. $25 for each person All money will be given away to charities（慈善机构）. City Orchestra（管弦乐队）ConcertCity Orchestra plays in the city theater! Saturday, May 13th Starts at 7:00 p.m. $7 for each person The concert will last for 1 hour. Comedy NightSee your favorite comedians in our coffee shop! Sunday, May 14th Starts at 9:00 p.m. $15 for each person Popcorn and drinks will be provided. Outside food isn’t allowed. Art ShowNew art show opens in the city museum! Sunday, May 14th Starts at 2:00 p.m. Free tickets Come and support your local artists. 13．Which event will give away its ticket money? A．Art Show. B．Dance Party. C．Comedy Night. D．City Orchestra Concert. 14．What time will the City Orchestra concert end? A．At 2:00 p.m. B．At 7:00 p.m. C．At 8:00 p.m. D．At 9:00 p.m. 15．If you go to Comedy Night, you can ________. A．take some food with you B．meet some famous artists C．perform with your favorite comedians D．help yourself to some popcorn and drinks 16．Who is the text written for? A．People who want to have a good weekend. B．Students who are preparing for their tests. C．Parents who are busy with their work. D．Children who hope to make progress in English. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】本文介绍了四个周末活动。 13．细节理解题。根据Dance Party部分“All money will be given away to charities.”可知Dance Party将捐赠所有的门票钱，故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据City Orchestra Concert部分“Starts at 7:00 p.m...The concert will last for 1 hour.”可知7点开始，持续一个小时，就是8点结束，故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据Comedy Night部分“Popcorn and drinks will be provided.”可知如果你去Comedy Night，你可以随便吃点爆米花和饮料。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据“Weekend Events”和全文可知这篇文章是为那些想过个愉快周末的人准备的，故选A。 （2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考模拟预测） Posted in: Jobs Wanted in North Battle ford,                            Job requirements Canada                                                                     Language: English Posted: 2023-04-06                                                  Education: No degree needed Post viewed: 32 times                                              Experience: 5 years or more Job type: Part-time                                                   Working conditions and physical Industry: Construction（建筑）                             Requirements: ability to tell between Location: Victoria, BCV8Z 3R1                          colors; ability to bend（弯腰）, crouch（蹲 Salary:                                                                       下） and kneel（跪） （depending on experiences）                  Weight handling: Up to 23kg 17．The company is looking for _________. A．cleaners B．teachers C．painters D．doctors 18．Where is the job? A．In Britain. B．In China. C．In Canada. D．In the US. 19．What is necessary to get the job? A．College degree. B．Speaking English and French. C．Ability to tell between colors. D．Working full-time. 【答案】17．C 18．C 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一则招聘广告。 17．细节理解题。根据标题painters wanted可知，本文是招聘油漆工，故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据“Posted in: Jobs Wanted in North Battle ford, Canada”可知，工作在加拿大，故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据“Requirements: ability to tell colors;”可知，工作要求时能辨别颜色，故选C。 （2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考模拟预测） Next to the beautiful Oyski Park, Mary’s Restaurant will be opened. Here is the menu! Mary’s Restaurant will be opend next month and the right picture is our menu. You can not only have a taste of the delicious local food but also have a chance to learn how to make the special meatball from the cook. What is more exciting is that we will offer you 10% discount (折扣) for breakfast, 15% for lunch and 20% for dinner from June to August this summer. Anyone whose final payment is over 60 will get a ticket of the Oyski Park or some beautiful postcards for free. The park provides you with beautiful sights and Mary’s Restaurant offers you delicious food which make your trip even more unforgettable! Come and enjoy! BREAKFAST HAM&EGG        $9 BREAD CHEESE        $8 BEEF SOUP        $8 CHINESE DUMPLINGS        $10 LUNCH RICE CHICKEN        $15 FISH TOMATO SOUP        $17 HAMBURGER CHIPS        $16 APPLE PIE SANDWICH        $16 DINNER BEEF NOODLES        $13 HAM FRUIT SALAD        $18 CHICKEN SOUP CARROTS     $18 MEATBALL PORRIDGE    $22 正确的涂“A”，错误的涂“B”。 20．People can not only enjoy delicious food in Mary’s Restaurant but also in Oyski Park. 21．The discount for dinner is twice than that for breakfast. 22．You can get free postcards by ordering three bowls of beef noodles. 23．Whenever you go to this restaurant, you can always have eggs. 24．This advertisement is to make more people be interested in Mary’s Restaurant. 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了Mary’s Resturant的菜单和优惠活动，开业时间等信息。 20．判断推理题。根据“The park provides you with beautiful sights and Mary’s Restaurant offers you delicious food which make your trip even more unforgettable!”可知，公园会提供你美景，Mary’s Resturant会提供你美食，可推测你不可以在公园里吃到美食。故选B。 21．判断推理题。根据“What is more exciting is that we will offer you 10% discount for breakfast, 15% for lunch and 20% for dinner from June to August this summer.”可知，早餐有10%的优惠，晚餐有20%的优惠，可推测晚餐的折扣是早餐的两倍。故选A。 22．判断推理题。根据“BEEF NOODLES $13”和“ Anyone whose final payment is over 60 will get a ticket of the Oyski Park or some beautiful postcards for free.”可知，牛肉拉面13美元一碗，总价超过60美元可以领到一张公园门票或一些精美的明信片，可推测3碗牛肉拉面是（3×13＝39）39美元，小于60美元，不能领到一些精美的明信片。故选B。 23．判断推理题。根据右侧“Mary’s restaurant delicious food”中的信息可知，Mary’s Resturant早餐提供火腿鸡蛋，面包芝士，牛肉汤，中国水饺，午饭提供米饭鸡肉，番茄鱼肉汤，汉堡薯条，苹果派三明治，晚饭提供牛肉拉面，火腿水果沙拉，鸡汤胡萝卜，丸子粥，可推测只有早上去Mary’s Resturan才能吃到鸡蛋。故选B。 24．判断推理题。根据全文通篇主要介绍了Mary’s Resturant的菜单和折扣信息，开业时间等信息，可推测这个广告是为了让更多的人对玛丽餐厅感兴趣。故选A。 （2023·甘肃平凉·校考模拟预测） If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually (逐渐地) become stronger again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people don’t seem to know that it is the same as our memory. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (责怪), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they usually have better memories? This is because they can’t read or write and they have to remember things; they can’t write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time. So if you want a good memory, learn from these people: practice remembering. 28．If you don’t use your arms or legs for some time, they will ________. A．become strong B．break C．become weak D．hurt 29．What does the word “ fault” mean in the second paragraph? A．困难 B．过错 C．粗心 D．聪明 30．What do many people think of the person with a poor memory? A．His parents are to blame. B．He isn’t clever. C．He is foolish. D．His parents are very clever. 31．Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories because ________. A．they are strong B．they often practice remembering things C．they have strong arms and legs D．their parents are good 32．What does the passage mainly (主要) talk about? A．Arms and legs B．Exercise C．Behavior D．Memory 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．B 32．D 【导语】本文主要通过举例长时间不使用胳膊和腿，它们就会变得更弱，但是当你开始再次使用它们时，它们就会变得更强壮，这个跟我们的记忆是一样的，如果长时间不去记东西，记东西的能力就会越来越弱，所以我们如果想有一个好的记忆力，就要不断练习记忆。 28．细节理解题。根据“If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak”可知如果你一段时间不使用你的胳膊或腿，它们会变得虚弱。故选C。 29．词义猜测题。根据“If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault”可知，如果一个朋友说他的胳膊和腿虚弱，我们知道这是他自己的错，是因为他自己不锻炼的原因，所以划线单词意为“过错”，故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据“But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame”可知，很多人会认为他的父母是罪魁祸首，故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据“This is because they can’t read or write and they have to remember things; they can’t write them down in a little notebook. They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time”可知，因为他们不能读或写，所以他们必须经常练习记忆，故选B。 32．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文围绕“记忆力”这条主线展开描述，介绍如果想有一个好的记忆力，必须不断练习记忆，故选D。 （2023·广东东莞·统考三模） Xinjiang lies in the northwest part of China. Its many cities are popular places for tourist such as Turpan, Kashi, Aksu and the provincial capital city Urumqi. As Xinjiang is a province with quite a lot of minority groups (少数民族), there are some local traditional festivals that we might not quite know of. Grape Festival is one traditional festival in Turpan. It is the hometown of grapes. This world-known city welcomes the local people as well as international friends to celebrate the festival together. This festival is not just a celebration of Turpan’s most important agricultural product, but a good chance to enjoy the local way of life. During the yearly Turpan Grape Festival, wedding parties in the Uygur minority style and traditional singing and dancing activities are held. The trade fairs are also included. Besides, travelers may visit the grape, melon, and fruit streets. Turpan Grape Festival is a special event to commemorate the ancient Silk Road so that people will not forget about this road. The road played an important role in connecting the communication of trade and cultures between the east and the west. Turpan is famous as an important point of the road. 33．Which of the following is the provincial capital city of Xinjiang? A．Aksu. B．Turpan. C．Kashi. D．Urumqi. 34．What is the underlined word “It” in Paragraph Two refer to? A．Grape Festival. B．Grape. C．Turpan. D．Silk Road. 35．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Xinjiang is a popular tourist place in the northeast part of China. B．Xinjiang doesn’t have many people from the minority groups. C．Grape Festival in Turpan is a good way to enjoy the local way of life. D．In the old times, Urumqi was the starting point of the ancient Silk Road 36．The underlined word “commemorate” probably means “ ________”. A．remember B．forget C．introduce D．continue 37．What is the passage mainly about? A．It tells us which part Xinjiang is in. B．It introduces Grape Festival in Turpan. C．It tells us the importance of Silk Road. D．It tells us some traditional festivals in Xinjiang. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．C 36．A 37．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆及其传统节日——吐鲁番葡萄节。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段的关键词“the provincial capital city Urumqi”可知，新疆的省会城市是乌鲁木齐。故选D。 34．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，葡萄节是吐鲁番的一个传统节日，本句表示它是葡萄之乡，因此It指的是吐鲁番。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段“This festival is not just a celebration of Turpan's most important agricultural product, but a good chance to enjoy the local way of life.”可知，葡萄节不仅是为了庆祝吐鲁番最重要的农产品，也是一个享受当地生活方式的好机会。故选C。 36．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“so that people will not forget about this road”可知，吐鲁番葡萄节是为了让人们不忘记这条路，因此是纪念古丝绸之路的特殊活动。因此commemorate表示“纪念”，remember意思与之相近。故选A。 37．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了新疆及其传统节日——吐鲁番葡萄节。故选B。 资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$