2024年中考英语名词知识点讲义及练习

名词专题训练 1.含义:名词指表示人、事物或者抽象概念的名词。 2.类别:可分为普通名词和专有名词(注意专有名词首字母一般要大写,如果前面有定冠词the,则the的首字母不用大写eg: the United States)。而普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 3.名词变复数的5大变化规则。 1)一般情况直接+s eg: books pens 2)以X、sh、ch、s结尾+es eg: watches buses foxes.... 3)以y结尾,辅音+y结尾把y变i+es; 元音+y结尾直接+y eg: stories boys 4)以f、fe 结尾,把其变v+es leaf-leaves 5)以o结尾,一般+s,少数+es eg: zoos potatoes heroes..... 还有一些名词复数的不规则变化: eg: man-men foot-feet..... 4.各国人的复数变化。(口诀:中日瑞不变,英法变,其它加s.) Eg: Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen German-Germans American-Americans 5. 一些复合名词变复数。(口诀:有人加人,无人加后面,注意代词不是人。) Eg: passer-by-passers-by looker-on-lookers-on Grow-up-grows-ups go-between-go-betweens (有些符合名词有 man woman 的,记得两者都要变复数) Eg: woman doctor-women doctors man teacher-men teachers (名词加名词的结构,只变后面的名词为复数。) Eg: girl student-girl students pear-tress-pear trees (如果这个复合名词有连词符时,名词不变复数) Eg: he is a seven -year-old boy. 6. 集体名词。(可单数可复数) 1) 当集体名词做整体时,则为单数;当指内在成员时,则为复数。(这些名词有:family team group class army enemy public audience......) Eg: My family is a warm family. Eg: My family are kindly. 补充:一些单词形式上为单数,意思是复数(cattle people police.....) 一些形不同意也不同:people: 人 复数 peoples 民族 fish:条数 种类(可数名词) 鱼肉(不可数名词) Work:工作(不可数)工厂(可数)作品(works) 一些只能以复数形式出现的词(pants trousers shorts shoes socks gloves glasses scissors thanks tears twins arms clothes congratulations.......) 7. 可当可数名词也可当不可数名词。 Chicken(鸡可 鸡肉不可) exercise(练习可 锻炼不可) experience(经历可 经验不可) glass(玻璃杯可 玻璃不可) life(生命可 生活不可)orange(橙子可 橙汁不可) paper(论文试卷可 纸不可 ) room(房间可 空间不可) sand(沙滩可 沙子不可) time(次数倍数可 时间不可) work(著作可 工作不可) wood (木头可 木材不可.......) 8. 名词所有格。译为........的 1)’s所有格:一般用在有生命。Eg: Mike’s car. 2)of所有格:一般指无生命。Eg: a cup of tea. 3)to所有格:强调一一对应。Eg: the answer to the question. 4)形容词性物主代词所有格:Eg: My books/ his bags/ your home....... 注意:不以s结尾的名词+’s, eg: Lily’s pens. 以s结尾的名词+’, eg: Teachers’ Day. 若表示共同拥有时,只需在最后的单词+’s, 表各自拥有的需要每个名词都加’s. eg: Tina and Alice’s room.(她两住一个房间) Tina’s and Alice’s room.(她两各自有自己的房间) 练习训练 单项选择 1.The landing of China’s rover Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great in space exploration. A progress B.project C.product D.protection 2.Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first ”? -Yes.It's a famous Chinese saying by Laozi A.step B.class C.break D.exam 3.Mike,a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for . He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it. A.art B.sport C.music D.science 4.There are many teachers in this primary school. A. Women B.women's C.woman D.woman's 5.Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lil li put in the report? I’m not sure. Maybe l need to read some about it before writing. A.reasons B.rewards C.results D.reviews 6.Zhang Gui mei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an Li jiang,Yunan A education B.invitation C information D.imagination 7-Can I help you? -Please give me about the trains to Guangzhou. A.a few informations B.a little informations C.a little information D.a few information 8.Mr Huang is an excellent English teacher who has over 20 years’teaching . A.experience B information C.knowledge D. journey 9.Would vo u send me some of yours? l miss you very much! A magazines B.photos C. money D.advice 10 How much do we need to make a banana milk shake? A.bananas B.apples C.coffee D.milk 11.Spending too much playing computer games is bad for your . A.time;eye B.time;eyes C.times;eyes D. times;eye 12.I like this song. It’s by one of my favourite . A.Singers B.painters C.dancers D.writers 基础巩固 一、基础词汇测试【词义、类别】读一读,将下列单词填入相应的类别中。 Food: pork English farmer Chinese rice taxi grandpa nose maths music ship leg cousin arm eye parent elephant train dress bread driver coat cat ear doctor cook shirt uncle salad bus rabbit sweater Family: Body: Subject: Traffic: Job: Animal: Clothes: 二、【可数名词的复数】写出下列单词的复数形式。 1.book 2.chair 3.horse 4.photo 5.toy 6.plane 7.box 8.tomato 9 .foot 10.brush 11.baby 12.country 13.knife 14.man 15.child 16.leaf 17.sheep. 18.tooth 19.deer 20.woman 三、【可数名词和不可数名词】根据提示给下列单词分类。 Bread milk lake fork computer apple water grape Hand beef river juice tea hair soup duck money Chicken key window rice mouth car meat sheep Fish deer Chinese clothe pork mutton beef 可数名词: 不可数名词: 单复数同型: 四、【名词所有格】写出下列单词所有格的正确形式。 1.Amy book 2.teachers day 3.a map China 4.policemen report 5.two minutes walk 6. me books 7.the key door 8.he homework 9. the answer question 10. they schoolbags 五、【名词的应用、单复数】选出下列正确额的单词打钩。 1.There are lots of (photo photos) on my desk. 2. Is this your( book books)? 3,He is our new Chinese teacher(Mrs. Mr.). 4.There two (man men) behind the window. 5.Would you like some (water bananas)? 6. We can do our (homework homeworks) by ourselves 7.There are lots of (leaf leaves) on the tress. 8.My father has many (money moneys)throughe hard-working. 9.The boy is my (sister brother). 10.There are some (sheep sheeps) on the farm. 11.She likes (potato potatoes) so much. 12. I have (bread breads)in my breakfast. 六、【名词的应用】把下列国家单词变为其复数。 1. Chinese 2.Japanese 3.Frenchman 4. Englishman 5.German 6.American 7.Dutchman 8.Swiss 9.Australian 10.Italian 11.Russia 12.Canadian 参考答案 选择题:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.A 一、 Food: pork rice salad bread Family: grandpa cousin parent uncle Body:nose eye leg arm ear Subject: English Chinese maths music Traffic: taxi train ship bus Job: farmer driver cook doctor Animal: elephant cat rabbit Clothes: dress coat shirt sweater 二、1. books 2. chairs 3.horses 4.photos 5. toys 6. planes 7.boxes 8.tomatoes 9.feet 10.brushes 11.babies 12.countries 13.knives 14. men 15. children 16.leaves 17. sheep 18. teeth 19.deer 20. woman 可数名词:lake fork computer apple grape hand rive key window mouth car Chinese clothe sheep fish deer 不可数名词:bread milk water beef juice tea hair soup money rice meat pork mutton beef fish 单复数同型:sheep deer 四、1. Amy’s book 2. teachers’ day 3.a map of China 4. policemen’s report 5. two minutes ‘ walk 6. my books 7.the key to the door 8. his homework 9. the answer to question 10. their schoolbags 五.1.photos 2.book 3.Mr 4.men 5.bananas 6. homework 5. leaves 8.money 9. brother 10.sheep 11.potatoes 12.bread 六. 1. Chinese 2.Japanese 3.Frenchmen 4. Englishmen 5.Germen 6.Americans 7.Dutchmen 8.Swiss 9.Australians 10.Italians 11.Russians 12.Canadians 名词 1.普通名词 2.可数名词 3.个体名词 3.集体名词 2.不可数名词 3.物质名词 3.抽象名词 1.专有名词 2.人名 2.地名 2.时间名 2.报刊名 2.机构名 $$