内容正文:
倒装
1、 完全倒装
整个谓语放在主语前。
结构:谓语动词十主语. e.g. Away went the boy.那个男孩走开了。
1. 表示方向、时间或方位、地点的副词或介词短语,置于句首,用完全倒装。
如:here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, in the room, on the wall等。
(注:主语必须是名词,若主语是代词,不能倒装。)
e.g. On the table were some flowers.
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
Out rushed the children laughing loudly.
2. such置于句首时,用完全倒装。
(注:such/so ... that...中, such/so 部分位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。)
e.g: Such are the facts: no one can deny them. 这些就是事实,没有人能否定它们。
e.g. So much home work did we have to do that we had no time to have a rest.
我们有如此多的作业要做,以至于没有时间休息。
3. There be句型,用完全倒装。
(注:be动词可用stand, live, lie, exist, remain, seem, appear等来代替,以更生动地表示其存在方式。)
形式:There十谓语 十主语。
谓语动词的单复数根据靠近谓语动词的名词的单复数来变化。
e.g. There stands a tower on the top of the mountain.
There appear some black clouds in the sky.
4. 表语置于句首时,用完全倒装。
形式:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语十be十主语.
e.g. Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。
e.g. Present at the meeting were twenty teachers and thirty students.
e.g. Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。
e.g. In each rooms are ten students. 每间教室是10个学生。
二、部分倒装
部分谓语:情态动词、系动词、助动词在主语前,谓语主体部分仍在主语之后。
结构:助动词/情态动词十主语十谓语主体部分
e.g. Never shall I forget her.我永运也不会忘记她。
1. only 修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句(统称为状语),且放在何首时,用部分倒装。
e.g. Only then did he realize he was wrong. 直到那时他才意识到他错了。
e.g. Only in this way can we learn English well.
只能以这种方式,我们才能学好英语。
e.g. Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
直到战争结束后,他才知道那个令人难过的消息。
2.否定副词或短语,置于句首时,用部分倒装。
如:never , not , nor, hardly, little, seldom, at no time, by no means, in no case等
e.g. He didn’t make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。
= Not a single mistake did he make.
e.g. Never before have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
e.g. At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.
3. 五个重要的固定句型:
(1)so/neither/nor + be/have/助动词/情态动词十主语
表示前一句中的内容也适合于另一个人或另一件事。
e.g. He came last night, so did I. 他昨晚来了,我也来了。
e.g. Lily can’t ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。
注:如果表示对前面内容的肯定,不使用倒装句式。
e.g. ---It is hot today. 今大天气真热。 ---So it is.的确如此。
此句型也可写成 “It is/was the same with十主语”(前句表达某人或某物情况复杂,为并列句)或 “So it is/was with十主语”。
e.g. ---Tom is clever and he works hard.汤姆聪明且工作努力。
---So it is with Jack. 杰克也是这样。
(2)在such/so...that...句型中, 若such/so部分位于句首,则主句用部分倒装,that 从句不倒装。
e.g. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他的英语说的很清楚,总是能听懂。
(3)在not only...but(also)…句型中,如果 not only置于句首,需将not only
引导的句子倒装,但but (also)引导的句子不倒装。
e.g. Not only did it broaden our horizons, but also enriched our experience.
它不仅能开拓我们的眼界,还能丰富经验。
e.g. Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅帮助人们找工作,而且会向有需要的人提供医疗。
(4) 当not until … 置于句首时,until 从句的主谓不可倒装,主句需要部分倒装。
e.g. Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来,我们才吃晚饭。
(5)在as引导的让步状语从句中,使用部分倒装。
形式: adj./ adv./ n. (n前不含冠词)/v. (动词用原形)+as +主语+剩余部分e.g. Child as he was, he made a living by himself. 尽管他是个孩子,他却自己谋生。
e.g. Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管很累,但他还是继续工作。
e.g. Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.尽管很用功,但他考试还是不及格。
注:as引导让步状语从句,必须用倒装,though可倒可不倒,although绝对不能倒。
e.g. Child as /though he was, he made a living by himself.
Although /Though he was a child, he made a living by himself.
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