2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与演练10 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词

2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与演练10 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词 【题型解读】 在初中主要学习的是八种时态,他们分别是,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和过去将来时等八种时态。时态是中考一个非常重要的语法知识点。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。对被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主,其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能作谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点,也是中考的常考点 【命题规律】 1. 动词和时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时),考查时态往往会涉及到谓语动词,再加上动词短语搭配和非谓语动词也是常考点,使得动词成为中考语法考查占比最大的词类。 2. 常跟动名词作宾语的动词有: enjoy喜欢; mind 介意; finish 完成;keep持续; suggest 建议; practice 练习;consider考虑; miss错过;imagine想象;avoid避免; can’t help忍不住;go on 继续;be worth值得; be busy忙于 give up放弃;succeed in成功,设法;look forward to期待;be used to习惯于;end up以……结束 put off推迟;pay attention to注意;be interested in对……感兴趣 3. 现在分词与过去分词的区别 1) 在语态上, 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词表示被动意义。 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起来的太阳 4. 易混句式have sb.do sth., have sb. doing sth.和have sth. done的区别 1)have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”, have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作, 且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2)have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人做出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”; 用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。 3)have sth. done意为“让某事被别人做”, 即ask sb. else to do sth., 过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。 The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 (一)时态 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1. 动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如:The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2. 在时间或条件句中,一般现在时可以表示将来。 3. 注意动词过去式的不规则变化 现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如:My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow. 现在完成时 过去完成时 1. 注意现在完成时一些标志词,如:already, just, ever, never, before, yet;since 和 for 2. 注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词 一般将来时 过去将来时 1. 掌握常见时间状语:the next day 2. 在宾语从句中,主句过去时,从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。 【典题举隅】 一、单项选择 1.—I wonder if John _ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he _ his class project, he will. A.joins; finishes B.joins in; will finish C.takes part in; finishes D.will take part in; finishes 2.—I haven’t seen your father for a long time. —He _ Shanghai on business, and he will be back in three weeks. A.went to B.has gone to C.goes to D.has been to 3.—Are you going to watch the coming show in Wanda Plaza? —Sure. I will go there this Saturday unless the show _. A.will be cancelled B.is cancelled C.will cancel D.cancels 4.People used to pay in cash (现金), but now most of them _ that mainly through WeChat and Alipay. A.used to doing B.used to do C.got used to doing D.are used to doing 5.— Hey, Kitty! Why _ you come to the cinema with us yesterday? — Sorry. I _ an interesting book called Three Body Problem at that time yesterday. A.not; was reading B.don’t; was reading C.didn’t; was reading D.not; read 6.—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice _ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A.will plant B.plant C.will be planted D.is planted 7.—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.? —In fact we needn’t. It _ until 9 a.m. A.doesn’t open B.opens C.didn’t open D.opened 8.—Tom has gone to Shanghai for a trip. —Oh, I didn’t know. When _? A.has he left B.was he leaving C.did he leave D.will he leave 9.—Hurry! Hurry! I’m afraid the film _ for a while. —Watch your step! Safety always comes first. A.was on B.has begun C.began D.has been on 10.Our school _ a big football field near the library. Now we can play happily there. A.builds B.will build C.is building D.has built 11.Mum, hurry up! The TV play called Kuang Biao has _ for about five minutes. A.been on B.began C.begun D.been lasted 12.Months ago Iran and KSA were in agreement that they _ along with each other. A.got B.get C.were getting D.would get 13.In the past few months, a lot of foreign leaders _ interviews with President Xi Jinping. It means that China is playing a more and more important role in the world. A.had B.are having C.have had D.will have 14.—What are you saving money for? —Father’s Day is around the corner. I _ a gift for my father. A.bought B.have bought C.was buying D.am going to buy 15.Tom will email his project plan to you as soon as it _ tomorrow. A.has finished B.is finished C.finishes D.will be finished 16.—Jack, why are you so late? I _ here for one hour. —It can’t be worse. When I was about to go out, I got a call from my boss. A.waited B.wait C.have waited D.was waiting 17.—Has your father come back from Shanghai? —Yes. He _ there for about one month to take care of my grandfather in hospital. A.has stayed B.stays C.will stay D.stayed 18.The weather is changeable these days. It rainy and cloudy in the past few days. I hope that tomorrow will be a sunny day. A.will be B.is C.has been D.was 19.—The Entrance Exams for the high school is coming, I’m so stressed! —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more time _ on them. A.will spend B.will be spent C.is spent D.spends 20.—Have you visited the 2023 Garden EXPO in Lianyungang? —Not yet. I _ the whole day yesterday. A.work B.worked C.was working D.has worked (二)被动语态 【考点诠释】 被动语态结构: 1. 一般现在时 2. 一般过去时 3. 一般将来时 4. 过去将来时 5. 现在进行时 6. 过去进行时 7. 现在完成时 8. 过去完成时 9. 带情态动词 1. The article is written (by her). 2. The article was written (by her). 3. The article will be written (by her). 4. Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). 5. The article is being written (by her). 6. The article was being written (by her). 7. The article has been written (by her). 8. The teacher said the article had been written (by her). 9. The article might be written by her. 还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 主动表被动: 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive,prove, grow(长得),而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词:be, feel (摸起来),sound (听起来),look (看起来),smell (闻起来),taste (尝起来), become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。) 没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out (爆发),break down (坏了), result from (缘于),belong to, consist of, come true, come out,die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread(传播), stand, etc. 2. vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3. vt.: 带同源宾语,宾语为反身代词,相互代词 4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1. The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night. 8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim. 11. She enjoys watching TV. 辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构,强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. (被动语态,强调动作) 【典题举隅】 1.—Are you going to watch the coming show in Wanda Plaza? —Sure. I will go there this Saturday unless the show _. A.will be cancelled B.is cancelled C.will cancel D.cancels 2.—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice _ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A.will plant B.plant C.will be planted D.is planted 3.It’s said her name in the newly published article next month. A.mentions B.is mentioned C.will mention D.will be mentioned 4.The Monkey King is a Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he _ by people of all ages. A.will love B.was loved C.is loved D.will be loved 5.According to the survey, about 800, 000 new energy vehicles(车辆)made in China _ to foreign countries by the end of 2023. A.will sell B.are sold C.will be sold D.sell 6.Tom will email his project plan to you as soon as it _ tomorrow. A.has finished B.is finished C.finishes D.will be finished 7.In Mr. Wang’s class, many chances _ to students to learn from each other. A.offer B.offered C.are offered D.are offering 8.When Subway Line 5_, people in Xuzhou will feel more convenient to travel around. A.completes B.is completed C.will complete D.will be completed 9.There is a ray of hope that people missing at the sea after the storm last night _ alive. A.were found B.are found C.found D.will be found 10.—The Entrance Exams for the high school is coming, I’m so stressed! —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more time _ on them. A.will spend B.will be spent C.is spent D.spends 11.Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest _ for future use. A.saved B.are saved C.is saved D.was saved 12.You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work _ unless you read it again and again. A.express B.expressed C.has expressed D.is expressed 13.In English class, more chances _ to students to learn from each other in groups. A.offer B.will offer C.are offering D.are offered 14.You will know how the beauty of this classical work _ if you read it again and again. A.express B.expressed C.is expressed D.has expressed 15.Last year, Mr Zhang _ to a school in the countryside to teach English. A.was sent B.has sent C.will be sent D.is sent 16.Oxfam, an international charity, _ in the UK in 1942 to help people in hunger. A.set up B.was set up C.took up D.was taken up 17.Nothing will change unless much attention _ to the situation. A.pays B.will be paid C.is paid D.paid 18.That was his first invention. It was a machine _ clothes. A.that was used to wash B.which was used to washing C.which got used to washing D.that used to wash 19.—Wow! All the bread in this store _. —Yes. The bread there always _. A.sells out; tastes well B.sells out; is tasted good C.is sold out; is tasted well D.is sold out; tastes good 20.Three more new schools _ in our city next year. A.will build B.is built C.build D.will be built (三)非谓语动词 【考点诠释】 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 不定式 非谓语动词基本用法,及非谓语一般形式;主要考点为动词不定式和动名词,分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式作宾语的动词;省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词;不定式做表语。 动名词 一些常接动名词作宾语的动词及句型 分词 现在分词与过去分词作表语区别 动词不定式 1. 作表语;2. 信号词:wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition, etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing _ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注:被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 6. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _(try) this medicine. 作状语 不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如:in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. (目的状语) He searched the room only to find nothing. (结果状语) I’m glad to see you. (原因状语) 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4) The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型: 1. 句型:too … to …:太……而不能…… 2. 句型:be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做…… 3. 句型:It’s + adj. + for sb to do sth 4. 句型:Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:为什么不……? 5. 句型:so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6. 不定式的否定形式,如: warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7. 比较:used to do/be used to doing 8. 比较:It takes … to do/sb spends … doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to school. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me _ it. A. carrying B. carries C. carry D. to carry 2. We are often told _at people in trouble. A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh D. to laugh 3. Yesterday morning I got up early _ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词 动名词做宾语 1. 信号词:enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组:give up/ be good at/do well in/ can’t help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3. how about/what about +doing 4. prefer doing ... to doing /prefer to do … rather than do 5. 介词后面+doing 6. 固定搭配:go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2. It’s a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3. The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4. —Mum, I’m hungry. —What about _(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _(cut) things. 动名词作主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 现在分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. 【典题举隅】 1.I’m happy that Judy has become the first one _ five books during the Reading Week. A.finished B.to finish C.finishing D.finishes 2.Mr Wang often encourages us _ close to nature and enjoy its beauty. A.get B.getting C.to get D.gets 3.The willow catkins (柳絮) are often seen _ in Huaian in May. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam 4.There is no doubt _ Harry Potter is worth _. A.whether; reading B.if; to read C.that; reading D.that; being read 5.Schools should encourage students _ good working habits through labor (劳动) education. A.to form B.form C.forming D.forms 6.No doubt _ Qingguo Lane is worth _ if you visit Changzhou. A.whether; to visit B.if; a visit C.that; visiting D.that; to visit 7.Your new job sounds _ to be true—interesting work, high pay, short hours. Are you sure it’s not a dream? A.too good B.good enough C.too real D.real enough 8.—Mr. Lee is an animal-lover. He spends as much time as he can _ animals. —He is a true friend of animals. A.protect B.protects C.to protect D.protecting 9.Jane was shy. She would not invite her classmate _. A.practise B.practises C.practising D.to practise 10.I didn’t notice Tom _ the coat and leave. I was busy cooking in the kitchen. A.take B.takes C.taking D.took 11.—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need _. —Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes is enough. A.washing B.to wash C.washed D.wash 12.Many students have difficulty _ with their parents, which causes trouble in their life. A.communicate B.to communicate C.communicating D.communicated 13._ my mother a surprise, I cooked a bowl of noodles for her on her birthday. A.Give B.Giving C.To give D.To be given 14.China launched the Shenzhou XVI manned spaceship several days ago, _ three astronauts to its space station combination for a five-month mission. A.to send B.sent C.sending D.have sent 15._ the environment, we should plant more trees. A.Protect B.Protected C.Protecting D.To protect 16.— I don’t know _ to go this summer holiday? — What about Beijing? There are many places of interest. A.why B.where C.how D.when 17.—When will the new railway _ the two cities be in use? —_ next February. A.connect; Until B.connecting; Until C.connect; Not until D.connecting; Not until 18.—What a fantastic time we had in Happy Valley Theme Park! —Yes. I couldn’t stop _ photos in the park. A.take B.took C.taking D.to take 19.Betty will join a summer camp that she’s looking forward to _ different kinds of abilities. A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.develops 20._ his arrival at the airport in Japan, he began to regret _ to go abroad for further study without careful preparation. A.On; to decide B.As soon as; deciding C.As; to make a decision D.Upon; making a decision 1.(2023 江苏淮安 中考真题)—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day? —I _ a beautiful card for my father. A.design B.designed C.will design D.was designing 2.(2023 江苏常州 中考真题)We _ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back. A.jogged B.were jogging C.have jogged D.will jog 3.(2023 江苏镇江 中考真题)The Youth Ceremony was held successfully! Could you tell me _? A.who will be the host of it B.in which hall was it held C.whose show made you the most excited D.that you were encouraged by the speech 4.(2023 江苏镇江 中考真题)—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night? —I _ chess with my grandfather. A.play B.was playing C.am playing D.played 5.(2023 江苏镇江 中考真题)Tea was born in China over 4,000 years ago. Now it _ part of people’s life around the world. A.became B.has become C.was becoming D.become 6.(2023 江苏无锡 中考真题)Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you _ over. What a nice surprise! A.had come B.have come C.would come D.will come 7.(2023 江苏泰州 中考真题)—Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past? —I can. _ A.Shenzhou XVI will come back. B.Quan Hongchan won the gold medal. C.I am taking the English exam. D.My classmate is going to watch a film. 8.(2023 江苏扬州 中考真题)While everyone _ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. A.is laughing at B.laughed at C.laughs at D.was laughing at 9.(2023 江苏扬州 中考真题)I _ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu. A.have gone to B.have been to C.have arrived in D.have been in 10.(2023 江苏镇江 中考真题)There _ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. A.is B.are C.was D.were 11.(2022 江苏镇江 中考真题)—You look tired! —My husband _ football matches all night. That was too noisy! A.watches B.has watched C.was watching D.will watch 12.(2023 江苏徐州 中考真题)I saw Harry in February and I _ him since then. A.didn’t see B.won’t see C.haven’t seen D.don’t see 13.(2023 江苏宿迁 中考真题)— My father and I _ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. — Those photos must be your valuable memories. A.have taken B.will take C.take D.were taking 14.(2022 江苏无锡 中考真题)The chief engineer announced that they _ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022. A.have built B.had built C.will build D.would build 15.(2023 江苏徐州 中考真题)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It _ by people of all ages. A.is loved B.was loved C.will love D.is loving 16.(2023 江苏扬州 中考真题)Sand turns to glass when it _ by lightning. A.hits B.is hit C.is hitting D.will be hit 17.(2023 江苏连云港 中考真题)To make the environment much better, more trees _ next year. A.plant B.will plant C.are planted D.will be planted 18.(2022 江苏盐城 中考真题)Spud Webb _ at first because of his height, but he didn’t lose heart. A.refuses B.refused C.was refused D.will be refused 19.(2022 江苏镇江 中考真题)It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _ in Jinshan Park. A.was taken B.takes C.is taken D.took 20.(2022 江苏徐州 中考真题)I _ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me? A.have attacked B.was attacked C.was attacking D.am attacked 21.(2022 江苏无锡 中考真题)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, _ in Europe in 1946 after World War II. A.set up B.was set up C.took up D.was taken up 22.(2022 江苏扬州 中考真题)—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. —Yes, it _ by our school green club to protect forests. A.organizes B.organized C.was organized D.will be organized 23.(2021 江苏徐州 中考真题)The 19th Asian Games _ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait! A.were held B.will be held C.have held D.are held 24.(2021 江苏泰州 中考真题)—Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou. 一Don’t worry. A lot of support _ soon. A.is offered B.will be offered C.was offered D.were offered 25.(2021 江苏南通 中考真题)—Good news! The Underground Line 1 in Nantong _ to come into service soon. —That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us. A.will be expected B.is expected C.expects D.is expecting 26.(2023 江苏南通 中考真题)_ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks. A.Keeping B.Keep C.To keep D.To keeping 27.(2023 江苏镇江 中考真题)Travellers can’t wait _ their new tours in the coming holiday. A.to start B.starting C.started D.start 28.(2023 江苏徐州 中考真题)I have decided to go to Beijing and _ one of my old friends there. A.visiting B.visited C.visits D.visit 29.(2023 江苏宿迁 中考真题)—Our school will invite Mr. Wang _ us a talk on environmental protection next week. —That’s wonderful! A.give B.to give C.giving D.gave 30.(2023 江苏扬州 中考真题)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared _ the STEAM Club. A.join B.joining C.to join D.to joining 31.(2011 江苏宿迁 中考真题)You look tired. You’d better _ a good rest. A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.to stop having 32.(2022 江苏盐城 中考真题)Good news comes that China has sent Shenzhou XIV to space _ the unknown world. A.explore B.explored C.exploring D.to explore 33.(2022 江苏南通 中考真题)We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep _ fit. A.keeping B.to keep C.keep D.kept 34.(2022 江苏镇江 中考真题)The high school invited a famous scientist _ a talk on World Earth Day. A.giving B.to give C.give D.given 35.(2022 江苏宿迁 中考真题)—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills? —Certainly. I advise you _ a diary in English every day. A.to keep B.keeping C.kept D.keeps 答案与解析 (一)时态 【典题举隅】 一、单项选择 1.—I wonder if John _ next year’s talent show. —I have no idea. But I think if he _ his class project, he will. A.joins; finishes B.joins in; will finish C.takes part in; finishes D.will take part in; finishes 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我想知道约翰是否会参加明年的才艺表演。——我不知道。但我认为如果他完成了他的班级课题,他会参加的。 考查动词时态。“if John ... next year’s talent show”是if引导的宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句用所需的任一时态,由“next year’s”可知,从句是一般将来时,且参加表演用take part in,所以第一空填will take part in;“if he ... his class project”是if引导的条件状语从句,符合“主将从现”时态规则,从句用一般现在时,所以第二空填finishes。故选D。 2.—I haven’t seen your father for a long time. —He _ Shanghai on business, and he will be back in three weeks. A.went to B.has gone to C.goes to D.has been to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我很久没见到你父亲了。——他去上海出差了,三周后回来。 考查现在完成时。 went to去了,是一般过去时;has gone to去了某地(未返回);goes to去了,是一般现在时;has been to去过某地(已返回)。根据“I haven’t seen your father for a long time.”和语境可知父亲去了上海出差,句子用现在完成时;再根据“he will be back in three weeks”可知去上海出差了,还没有回来,应用has gone to。故选B。 3.—Are you going to watch the coming show in Wanda Plaza? —Sure. I will go there this Saturday unless the show _. A.will be cancelled B.is cancelled C.will cancel D.cancels 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你打算去万达广场看即将到来的演出吗?——当然。除非演出取消,否则我这个星期六会去那里。 考查被动语态。 the show“演出”与 cancel“取消”存在被动关系,所以此处应用被动语态。再根据句子结构可知,在unless引导的条件状语从句中,应遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表将来。所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态:be+过去分词。主语为the show,则be为is。故选B。 4.People used to pay in cash (现金), but now most of them _ that mainly through WeChat and Alipay. A.used to doing B.used to do C.got used to doing D.are used to doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:过去人们常常都是现金支付,但现在大多数人习惯通过微信和支付宝支付。 考查动词短语。used to do sth.过去常常做某事,A结构错误,排除A ;be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事;根据“but now”可知,空处指现在付款方式,应该用一般现在时,排除B和C,故选D。 5.— Hey, Kitty! Why _ you come to the cinema with us yesterday? — Sorry. I _ an interesting book called Three Body Problem at that time yesterday. A.not; was reading B.don’t; was reading C.didn’t; was reading D.not; read 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——嘿,Kitty!为什么昨天你没和我们一起去电影院?——对不起。我昨天那个时候在读一本有意思的书叫做《三体》。 考查时态。根据“yesterday”可知问句是一般过去时,特殊疑问句,助动词didn’t提前;根据“at that time yesterday”可知昨天那个时候正在做的事,用过去进行时。故选C。 6.—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice _ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A.will plant B.plant C.will be planted D.is planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——据说科学家们正在研究海稻。——太棒了!如果水稻种植在咸水中,中国的粮食供应肯定会大幅度增加。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。will plant将种植,一般将来时;plant种植,一般现在时;will be planted将被种植,一般将来时的被动语态;is planted被种植,一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If rice … in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly.”可知,本句是if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现原则”,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,主语“rice水稻”和谓语动词“plant种植”之间是被动关系。所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 7.—Shall we meet at the zoo gate at 8 a.m.? —In fact we needn’t. It _ until 9 a.m. A.doesn’t open B.opens C.didn’t open D.opened 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我们上午8点在动物园门口见面好吗?——事实上,我们没有必要。直到上午9点才开门。 考查not ... until及时态。根据“In fact we needn’t. It ... until 9 a.m.”可知,没必要八点到,因为动物园直到九点才开门,not ... until“直到……才”,时态为一般现在时。故选A。 8.—Tom has gone to Shanghai for a trip. —Oh, I didn’t know. When _? A.has he left B.was he leaving C.did he leave D.will he leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Tom去上海旅行了。——哦,我不知道。他什么时候离开的? 考查一般过去时态。根据“Tom has gone to Shanghai for a trip.”,可知Tom已经去旅行了,离开的动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。 9.—Hurry! Hurry! I’m afraid the film _ for a while. —Watch your step! Safety always comes first. A.was on B.has begun C.began D.has been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——快点!快点!我恐怕电影已经开始了一会了。——小心脚下!安全最重要。 考查现在完成时。根据“for a while.”可知,此处的谓语动词应用延续性动词,排除begin相关的BC选项;再根据“Watch your step!”可知,电影还在放映当中,因此此处应用现在完成时。故选D。 10.Our school _ a big football field near the library. Now we can play happily there. A.builds B.will build C.is building D.has built 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我们学校已经在图书馆附近建了一个大的足球场,现在我们可以在那开心的玩了。 考查现在完成时态,由“Now we can play happily there.”我们现在可以开心地玩了,可知足球场已经建好,应使用现在完成时态,主语是“our school”。助动词使用has,“建造”build的过去分词是built。故选D。 11.Mum, hurry up! The TV play called Kuang Biao has _ for about five minutes. A.been on B.began C.begun D.been lasted 【答案】A 【详解】句意:妈妈,快点!那部叫《狂飙》的电视剧已经播了大约五分钟了。 考查延续性动词。根据“for about five minutes”及has可知此处用现在完成时,且用延续性动词,根据“Mum, hurry up!”可知此处表示已经播放了五分钟了,begin是非延续性动词,排除BC;last意为“持续”,与主语不构成动宾关系,不应用被动语态,排除D;此处用其延续性动词be on。故选A。 12.Months ago Iran and KSA were in agreement that they _ along with each other. A.got B.get C.were getting D.would get 【答案】D 【详解】句意:几个月前,伊朗和沙特阿拉伯达成协议,他们将和睦相处。 考查动词时态。根据句子结构,句子为宾语从句,根据主句中“were in agreement that”可知,此处指达成协议,协议的内容应用一般将来时,且主句为过去时,则从句应用过去将来时,故选D。 13.In the past few months, a lot of foreign leaders _ interviews with President Xi Jinping. It means that China is playing a more and more important role in the world. A.had B.are having C.have had D.will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在过去的几个月里,许多外国领导人对习近平主席进行了采访。这意味着中国在世界上扮演着越来越重要的角色。 考查时态。根据“In the past few months”可知,句子应用现在完成时,结构是have/has+过去分词,故选C。 14.—What are you saving money for? —Father’s Day is around the corner. I _ a gift for my father. A.bought B.have bought C.was buying D.am going to buy 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你存钱是为了什么?——父亲节即将到来,我打算给我爸爸买一份礼物。 考查一般将来时。由“Father’s Day is around the corner.”可知,父亲节即将到来,所以存钱的目的是为了买礼物,“买礼物”还未发生,时态是一般将来时,be going to do表示打算做某事。故选D。 15.Tom will email his project plan to you as soon as it _ tomorrow. A.has finished B.is finished C.finishes D.will be finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意:明天项目计划一完成,汤姆就会用电子邮件发给你。 考查动词时态及被动语态。it代指前文中的project plan,与动词finish之间是动宾关系,项目计划被完成,故为被动语态。as soon as引导时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句是一般现在时,故为一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 16.—Jack, why are you so late? I _ here for one hour. —It can’t be worse. When I was about to go out, I got a call from my boss. A.waited B.wait C.have waited D.was waiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Jack,你怎么这么晚才来?我已经在这里等了一个小时了。——没有比这更糟的了。当我正要出门的时候,我接到了老板的电话。 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“for one hour”可知本句是现在完成时,故选C。 17.—Has your father come back from Shanghai? —Yes. He _ there for about one month to take care of my grandfather in hospital. A.has stayed B.stays C.will stay D.stayed 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你父亲从上海回来了吗?——是的。他在那里待了大约一个月,照顾住院的爷爷。 考查时态。根据“Yes.”可知,已经从上海回来了,因此是过去发生的事,用一般过去时态。故选D。 18.The weather is changeable these days. It rainy and cloudy in the past few days. I hope that tomorrow will be a sunny day. A.will be B.is C.has been D.was 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这些天天气多变,过去几天一直阴雨连绵。我希望明天是个阳光明媚的日子。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“in the past few days”可知,句子是现在完成时,即have/has+过去分词,且主语是第三人称单数,故选C。 19.—The Entrance Exams for the high school is coming, I’m so stressed! —Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more time _ on them. A.will spend B.will be spent C.is spent D.spends 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——高中入学考试要来了,我很有压力!——别担心。如果花更多的时间在它们身上,没有什么是困难的。 考查时态及语态。sb spend some time on sth表示“某人花费时间在某事上”,more time作主语,与spend之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,if引导的条件状语从句,主将从现。故选C。 20.—Have you visited the 2023 Garden EXPO in Lianyungang? —Not yet. I _ the whole day yesterday. A.work B.worked C.was working D.has worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你参观过2023年在连云港举办的园博会吗?——还没有。昨天我工作了一整天。 考查过去进行时。根据“the whole day yesterday”可知,此处表示过去某个时间段一直进行的动作,应用过去进行时,结构为“was/were+动词现在分词”,主语为I,be动词用was,故选C。 (二)被动语态 【典题举隅】 1.—Are you going to watch the coming show in Wanda Plaza? —Sure. I will go there this Saturday unless the show _. A.will be cancelled B.is cancelled C.will cancel D.cancels 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你打算去万达广场看即将到来的演出吗?——当然。除非演出取消,否则我这个星期六会去那里。 考查被动语态。 the show“演出”与 cancel“取消”存在被动关系,所以此处应用被动语态。再根据句子结构可知,在unless引导的条件状语从句中,应遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表将来。所以此处应用一般现在时的被动语态:be+过去分词。主语为the show,则be为is。故选B。 2.—It’s said that scientists are now doing research on sea rice. —Great! If rice _ in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly. A.will plant B.plant C.will be planted D.is planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——据说科学家们正在研究海稻。——太棒了!如果水稻种植在咸水中,中国的粮食供应肯定会大幅度增加。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。will plant将种植,一般将来时;plant种植,一般现在时;will be planted将被种植,一般将来时的被动语态;is planted被种植,一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If rice…in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise greatly.”可知,本句是if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现原则”,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,主语“rice水稻”和谓语动词“plant种植”之间是被动关系。所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 3.It’s said her name in the newly published article next month. A.mentions B.is mentioned C.will mention D.will be mentioned 【答案】D 【详解】句意:据说下个月新发表的文章中会提到她的名字。 考查动词时态和语态。主语her name与动词mention之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,结合“next month”可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故选D。 4.The Monkey King is a Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he _ by people of