2024届高考英语用融合法搞定阅读长难句主从复合句定语从句翻译 讲义

一、高考英语阅读长难句主从复合句定语从句结构融合翻译法 所谓融合法，是指把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系较紧，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性的定语从句，尤其是there be句型中的定语从句。此外，融合法也多见于主句过于简单，而定语从句较复杂，重心在定语从句的句子。我们举例说明。 1)There is a male and a female who is waiting for you downstairs . 2)We used a plane of which almost every component carried some clear sign of various cities and nations. 3)We in America are obliged to need more and more people who think that the person who do some devil things is the one being blamed for it . 　　上面这三个句子中出现了四个定语从句，其中第三个句子我们重点以第一个定语从句为例。第一个句子是there be句型，其定语从句是who is waiting for you downstairs;第二个句子主干是we used a plane，从句是of which almost every component carried some clear sign of various cities and nations.，由此可见，本句主句很简单，从句较复杂，且重点信息都在从句里。第三个句子主干是We in America are obliged to need more and more people，从句是who think that the person who do some devil things is the one being blamed for it .，这个从句中嵌套了一个that引导的宾语从句和一个who引导的定语从句，因此，也具有主句简单，从句复杂的特点，且核心信息偏重于第一个who从句上。经过这番分析，我们发现这三个句子都符合融合法的特点，可以首先考虑融合法来翻译。下面是参考译文： 1) 楼下有一男一女在等你。 2) 我们使用的飞机几乎每个部件上都有不同城市和国家的清晰标志。 3) 在美国，我们有义务需要越来越多的人认为做坏事的人应该受到谴责。 The idea that the family is the conventional unit of society is confused by American youngsters who are increasingly refused marriage. 越来越多的美国年轻人拒绝结婚，这使家庭是社会的传统单位的观念变得混乱。 Apple pie is a favorite sweet dessert，and English puddings,of which there are different kinds of types，are an great ending to a brunch, especially in autumn and winter. 苹果派是最受欢迎的甜点，而英国布丁，有不同的类型，是一个伟大的结束早午餐，特别是在秋冬。 Technology is creating a global economical pattern that is replacing the traditional national economies. (1)由技术带来的经济全球化正在取代旧有的民族经济。 (2）技术正在使经济日趋全球化，这种经济形式正在取代旧有的民族经济。 Foundations are based on the revenue that would otherwise get into the other donation foundation or get into the local government as tax. 基金会的收入是建立在收入的基础上的，否则这些收入会进入其他捐赠基金会或以税收的形式进入当地政府。 The trend of investment in the local foundation is surgingin the field of finance where commerce can be done quickly via the Internet. 在可以通过互联网快速进行交易的金融领域，地方财团的投资趋势正在急剧上升。 Normally,in tropical regions wherethe sunshine is much stronger than other region ,the ocean temperature is higher than it is in counterparts of the world where there is not exist as much as the sunshine and evaporation. 通常，在阳光比其他地区强得多的热带地区，海洋温度比世界上没有那么多阳光和蒸发的地方要高。 2、 高考英语阅读长难句真题演练 【出自2023年全国高考乙卷阅读D篇】 The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. 句子结构分析： all of whom appear in this book,作定语从句修饰The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, 翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最有力的成就:通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。 【出自2023年全国高考乙卷完形填空】 Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. 句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰plants 翻译：室内植物，也被称为室内植物或盆栽植物，是喜欢在室内生长的植物。 【出自2023年高考英语新高考一卷】 A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 句子结构分析：where作连接副词引导定语从句修饰rocks 翻译：例如，一条肮脏的溪流流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。 3、 高考英语阅读逐个句子翻译： 【出自：江苏省苏州市2024高三考前三模英语练习卷阅读B篇】 When I signed my first book deal in 2018, looking forward to the release of my debut(首次亮相) novel in 2020, I knew I was about to launch myself into an amazing adventure. 当我在2018年签下第一本书的合同，期待着2020年出版我的处女作(首次亮相)时，我知道我即将开始一场惊人的冒险。 词汇解析：be about to 即将要做某事 I could be about to hook up with this incredibly intelligent, beautiful girl. 我可能就要与那个聪明绝顶的美女相恋。 I went into my first contract determined to make it work. 我签了第一份合同，决心把它做成。 By that I meant to be successful enough to guarantee that I’d be signed again and again. 我的意思是要足够成功，以保证我一次又一次地被签约。 I thought it was a case of Go Big or Go Home. 我以为这是“要么做大，要么回家”的问题。 Admittedly, debuting is always stressful, but I definitely made things more difficult by pressuring myself to promote and beating myself up when anything didn’t go well. 不可否认，首次亮相总是有压力的，但我肯定会让事情变得更加困难，因为我给自己施加压力，要求自己升职，当任何事情进展不顺利时，我都会打击自己。 The odds(胜率) were not in my favour, with covid-19 spreading and my editor leaving. 随着covid-19的传播和我的编辑离开，我的胜算(胜率)对我不利。 The thing I feared most happened: my contract wasn’t renewed. 我最担心的事情发生了:我的合同没有续签 I felt absolutely depressed, embarrassed too, that my first book hadn’t sold well. 我感到非常沮丧，也很尴尬，因为我的第一本书卖得不好。 Luckily, I’m in a group of debut authors, so had plenty of support. 幸运的是，我是一群初出茅庐的作家，所以得到了很多支持。 Over time I watched other people’s journeys with interest. 随着时间的推移，我饶有兴趣地观察别人的旅程。 Some debuted straight into the bestseller lists; some had film rights optioned. 有些书直接登上了畅销书排行榜;其中一些拥有电影版权。 Others, like me, had a less-than-ideal start. 其他人，比如我，有一个不太理想的开始。 Some had even more difficult times—lost agents, cancelled contracts, dashed hopes. 有些人甚至经历了更艰难的时期——失去了经纪人，合同被取消，希望破灭。 The most important thing I learned is that there is no one fixed path to success and that courage and determination go a long way. 我学到的最重要的事情是，通往成功的道路没有固定的，勇气和决心会走很长的路。 I’ve seen authors with a poor sales record getting another shot; those who didn’t start well sometimes find huge success with their second novel. 我见过销售记录不佳的作家再次获得机会;那些开头不好的人有时会在第二部小说中获得巨大成功。 There are so many different paths and always new things to dream about. 有这么多不同的道路，总是有新的东西让你梦想。 Those who’ve read my column from the start might have seen my blind optimism, my crash, my reflection on writerly life. who引导定语从句修饰those 那些从一开始就读过我专栏的人可能会看到我的盲目乐观，我的崩溃，我对作家生活的反思。 However, I’m pleased that I’m able to write this, my last column, and say that I am finally optimistic, excited, even, about the future, about my ability to diversify, experiment and network and above all, write and write and write. 然而，我很高兴能够写这篇文章，这是我的最后一篇专栏文章，我终于对未来感到乐观、兴奋，甚至对我多样化、实验和社交的能力感到兴奋，最重要的是，写啊写啊写。 I know there will be lows, but as long as I can write, I’ll be alright. 我知道会有低谷，但只要我还能写作，我就会没事的。 【出自：江苏省苏州市2024高三考前三模英语练习卷阅读C篇】 None of us like to think we’d walk on by when someone needed help. when引导时间状语从句 没有人愿意在别人需要帮助的时候袖手旁观。 But research from the British Heart Foundation has suggested that a third of people would not perform CPR(心肺复苏) if they saw someone collapse on the street, and some even wouldn’t call an ambulance. That引导宾语从句 但英国心脏基金会的研究表明，三分之一的人如果看到有人晕倒在街上，就不会进行心肺复苏术(心肺复苏)，有些人甚至不会叫救护车。 It is easy to see how this can happen. 很容易看出这是如何发生的。 We convince ourselves we aren’t the best person to help, or that maybe we are overreacting or misunderstand what’s happening. 我们说服自己，我们不是最好的人来帮助，或者我们可能反应过度或误解了发生的事情。 Yet this can sometimes mean that no one helps when someone desperately needs it. 然而，这有时可能意味着，当有人迫切需要帮助时，没有人会伸出援手。 The most famous example is the unfortunate case of Kitty Genovese who was killed in Kew Gardens, New York, in 1964. Who引导定语从句修饰Kitty Genovese 最著名的例子是基蒂·吉诺维斯(Kitty Genovese)的不幸案例，她于1964年在纽约的邱园(Kew Gardens)被杀。 Subsequent investigations concluded that several people saw or heard what was happening, but did nothing to intervene. 随后的调查得出结论，有几个人看到或听到了发生的事情，但没有采取任何干预措施。 This has been termed the “bystander effect”—a psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help when other people are present. 这被称为“旁观者效应”——一种当其他人在场时个人不太可能提供帮助的心理现象。 The more people there are, the less likely they are to help. 人越多，他们就越不可能提供帮助。 There are various factors contributing to this effect—people think that others will get involved and that they don’t feel qualified enough to intervene. 造成这种影响的因素有很多——人们认为其他人会介入，而他们觉得自己没有资格介入。 It is also partly down to “pluralistic ignorance”—since no one else is reacting to the emergency, they don’t need to either and perhaps it’s not that serious. 这在一定程度上也要归结于“多元无知”——既然没有其他人对紧急情况做出反应，他们也不需要做出反应，也许情况并没有那么严重。 After a serious incident where people have been affected by the bystander effect, they are often horrified that they didn’t do anything—they can’t believe they had not realized it was more serious or that they didn’t think to get involved. where引导定语从句修饰a serious incident 在严重事件发生后，人们受到了旁观者效应的影响，他们常常会为自己什么都没做而感到震惊——他们无法相信自己没有意识到事情更严重，或者他们没有想过要参与其中。 Yet, other studies have shownthat once people are aware of the bystander effect, they are less likely to be affected by it. 然而，其他研究表明，一旦人们意识到旁观者效应，他们就不太可能受到它的影响。 Self-awareness is the best cure for it. 自我意识是最好的治疗方法。 When faced with an emergency, think(that) how you would behave if you were on your own. When引导时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句 当面临紧急情况时，想想如果只有你一个人，你会怎么做。 Ignore others and how they are behaving and go with your inner voice—if you’d call an ambulance, do it. 忽略别人和他们的行为，听从内心的声音——如果你想叫救护车，那就去叫。 If you’d run for help, do it. 如果你想找人帮忙，那就去吧。 The worst that can happen is that you’ll look a little foolish at having overreacted, but you might also save someone’s life. 最糟糕的情况是，你可能会因为反应过度而显得有点愚蠢，但你也可能救了别人的命。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$