【期末备考】专题03：完形填空-上海名校2023-2024学年高二下学期英语试卷精选汇编

专题03 完形填空题 Passage 1 上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 2 上海市华师大二附中2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 3 上海市行知中学2022-2022学年高二下学期期末调研英语试题 Passage 4 上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高二下学期质量调研（期末）英语试题 Passage 5 上海进才中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 6 上海七宝中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 7 上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末测试英语试题 Passage 8 上海市金山区金山中学2022-20230学年高二下学期期末英语试题 Passage 1                                     You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and 1 their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 2 cognition scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is 3 defined as brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement 4 dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill—basically any activity that is able to 5 your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to 6 in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization. The cognitive improvement was 8 , but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout, Mitchell said. “Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making 10 changes to our daily lives can have 11 consequences for our cognition.” There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an 12 portion of MVPA with eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep. Additional studies need to be done to 13 these findings and to better understand the role that each type of activity plays 14 our cognitive abilities. However, Mitchell said, the study “highlights how even very modest differences in people’s daily movements— less than 10 minutes— can be linked to the 15 of quite real changes to our cognitive health.” 1．A．modifying B．tricking C．clarifying D．tracking 2．A．lower B．higher C．smaller D．bigger 3．A．typically B．previously C．barely D．absolutely 4．A．ranges from B．arises from C．keeps from D．stems from 5．A．calm B．push C．boost D．slow 6．A．improvements B．adjustments C．requirements D．statements 7．A．arguing B．meditating C．planning D．compromising 8．A．imposing B．modest C．accessible D．reliable 9．A．phasing B．indulging C．meditating D．engaging 10．A．maximum B．lasting C．temporary D．minimal 11．A．leading B．positive C．quantifiable D．downstream 12．A．acute B．equivalent C．observable D．unimportant 13．A．reject B．propose C．advocate D．confirm 14．A．in addition to B．with respect to C．prior to D．specific to 15．A．occurrence B．performance C．disappearance D．convenience Passage 2 In 200 Years Cows May Be the Biggest Land Mammals (哺乳动物) on the Planet Around 13,000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals than modern Africa. There were multiple horse species, camels and some now-extinct animals. And such 16 creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11,700 years ago. Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones 17 . A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to 18 around the same time humans first showed up. If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have 19 from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. The largest land mammal 200 years from now could well be the domestic cow, Smith’s research suggests. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found 20 no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average 21 of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the 22 of humans. For most of mammalian 23 history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That 24 only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals. This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have 25 some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall. 26 , it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new 27 . They simply could not 28 fast enough to survive the invasion of humans. Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s 29 now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth.” Rather than simply behaving as 30 , many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors. 16．A．smart B．massive C．marine D．ancient 17．A．survived B．shrank C．escaped D．returned 18．A．hide away B．bring up C．break up D．die out 19．A．faded B．restored C．improved D．expanded 20．A．absolutely B．predictably C．exclusively D．potentially 21．A．weight B．speed C．size D．appetite 22．A．production B．appearance C．exploration D．cruelty 23．A．recorded B．contemporary C．evolutionary D．conclusive 24．A．link B．contact C．adaptation D．distinction 25．A．enlarged B．stressed C．impressed D．dominated 26．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Meanwhile D．Rather 27．A．species B．hope C．rule D．threat 28．A．grow B．digest C．withdraw D．adapt 29．A．instructive B．tremendous C．different D．marvelous 30．A．sponsors B．creators C．consumers D．producers Passage 3 What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is the largest of the five offshore plastic accumulation zones in the world’s oceans. It is located halfway between Hawaii and California. PLASTIC 31 It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. More than half of this plastic is less 32 than the water, meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea. The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment, allowing them to be transported over 33 distances. They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch. Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they 34 into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment, microplastic 35 in the GPGP will only continue to increase. LOCATION Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents, the GPGP’s location and shape are constantly changing. Only floating objects that are 36 influenced by currents were likely to remain within the patch. By simulating concentration levels in the North Pacific, the researchers were able to follow the location of the patch and found on average it orbits around 32°N and 145°W. However, the team observed seasonal 37 from west to east and substantial variations in latitude（纬度）depending on the year. IMPACT ON WILDLIFE Plastic has increasingly become a very common substance in the ocean. Due to its size and color, animals 38 the plastic for food, causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence. Studies have shown that about 700 species have encountered marine debris, and 92% of these 39 are with plastic. 17% of the species affected by plastic are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. IMPACT ON HUMANS AND SOCIETY Once plastic enters the marine food web, there is a possibility that it will contaminate the human food chain as well. Through a process called bioaccumulation, chemicals in plastics will enter the body of the animal 40 on the plastic, and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the 41 —making their way up the food web that includes humans. These chemicals that affected the plastic feeders could then be 42 within the human as well. 43 , yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD．The costs 44 its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups. These costs do not include the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem due to 45 research available. 31．A．ACCUMULATION B．DRIFT C．FLOATING D．PROMOTION 32．A．light B．thick C．tiny D．dense 33．A．adjusted B．overdone C．deposited D．extended 34．A．upgrade B．degrade C．assemble D．disassemble 35．A．transportation B．estimation C．concentration D．location 36．A．predominantly B．rarely C．previously D．slightly 37．A．similarity B．shift C．boost D．figure 38．A．exchange B．substitute C．leave D．confuse 39．A．implications B．interactions C．interferences D．influences 40．A．resting B．feeding C．risking D．waiting 41．A．mariner B．prey C．tracker D．predator 42．A．present B．absent C．current D．reliable 43．A．Likewise B．However C．Moreover D．Therefore 44．A．result in B．remove from C．stem from D．bring about 45．A．insufficient B．adequate C．insignificant D．substantial Passage 4 If economist are so smart, why ain’t they rich? After I wrote a newsletter last month on how economists’ views differ from those of ordinary people, I got emails to the effect of, “If economists are so smart, why ain’t they rich?” I’m not an economist, so the question doesn’t 46 me. The possible explanations, 47 , are interesting — sometimes funny, sometimes kind of deep. Here are five theories. 1. Economists aren’t trying to be rich. A lot of economists go to work for institutions of government and higher education. You don’t go to work for such employers because you 48 to vast riches. Nobody asks Trappist monks why they aren’t rich, because it’s understood that getting rich is not their aspiration. Economics likewise offers rewards beyond 49 . 2. Economists are too good at economics. Learning a little economics is useful for a lot of 50 careers, from management to banking. Warren Buffett, Steven Cohen, Kenneth Griffin, Henry Kravis and Elon Musk are among the billionaires who have bachelor or master degrees in economics. The 51 is loving it so much that you get your doctorate and become an impoverished postdoc or assistant professor. 3. Economists aren’t actually smart. I don’t 52 this one. I think that economists are smart. But some — not the good ones — can be 53 . They know their subspecialties well but are weak on others, such as economic history. These economists have 54 but not wisdom. 4. Economists are 55 by the “efficient market hypothesis”. There’s a joke about a young economist who bends down to pick up a $20 bill he sees on the sidewalk. An older colleague tells him not to 56 because if there were really a $20 bill there, someone would have picked it up already. Devotion to the efficient market hypothesis — which assumes that prices reflect all available information— 57 economists from trying to beat the market, and that’s why they never get rich. 5. Economists do think they can beat the market, but they’re wrong. A great 58 of this is Long-Term Capital Management, a heralded hedge fund (对冲基金) that included a pair of Nobel economics laureates, Robert Merton and Myron Scholes. It 59 in spectacular fashion in 1998. Warren Buffett, despite earning a master of science degree in economics from Columbia University in 1951, told a CNBC interviewer in 2016, “I don’t pay any attention to what economists say, frankly.” He is 60 that economics isn’t an ideal way to make money as an investor. On the other hand, that’s not what it’s for. It’s a science of means and ends. Let economists be economists! 46．A．benefit B．annoy C．amaze D．sacrifice 47．A．therefore B．moreover C．though D．instead 48．A．aspire B．object C．contribute D．appeal 49．A．challenge B．knowledge C．imagination D．money 50．A．profitable B．academic C．professional D．competitive 51．A．merit B．opportunity C．mistake D．shortage 52．A．oppose B．convince C．buy D．confront 53．A．short-sighted B．well-rounded C．under-educated D．narrow-minded 54．A．prospects B．allowance C．expertise D．weaknesses 55．A．inspired B．restrained C．overwhelmed D．fueled 56．A．bother B．overlook C．initiate D．withdraw 57．A．bans B．distinguishes C．isolates D．discourages 58．A．obstacle B．example C．highlight D．consequence 59．A．overtook rivals B．went bankrupt C．reaped rewards D．was launched 60．A．sophisticated B．false C．biased D．right Passage 5 Since the start of the Space Age, private­sector (私营部门) leaders have been issuing warnings that a centralized model would damage progress on public and, especially, commercial priorities in space. For example, Ralph Cordiner, the one­time CEO of General Electric, foresaw much of the space development while forcefully arguing that, eventually, space’s “development shall be under our traditional competitive 61 system.” The economic logic for the centralized model was clear, and for several decades it has 62 its goals. Public goods such as national security, national pride, and basic science are typically 63 if left to the market, and NASA (美国宇航局) was founded to provide them during the Cold War. Its command­and­control structure grew naturally from that 64 . Under this model, the United States has been the leading space power and NASA has occupied the technological frontier. The success of the Apollo missions, including the 1969 moon landing, inspired grand 65 of what would come next. In the early 1970s, studies of space colonization and diversified space­based economies 66 . But after the last of the Apollo missions in 1972, NASA — and thus the US space sector — struggled to find a second 67 in its space script. Part of the reason was that the tight connection between the Apollo program and competition with the Soviet Union made NASA’s budget vulnerable (脆弱的) to the sense that the mission had already been accomplished. Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin said, “After the Apollo lunar missions, America lost its love of space — there was no concentrated 68 and we didn’t have any clear objectives”. When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same 69 approach it had used in the 1960s. The first flight of the Columbia space shuttle was in 1981. Successive shuttle flights enabled two decades of achievements, including the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and Hubble Space Telescope, which 70 American technological competence. After two tragic accidents, with the Challenger shuttle in 1986 and the Columbia shuttle in 2003, momentum(势头)turned away from the Shuttle and the centralized model of space it 71 . The shuttle program was cancelled in 2011, leaving the United States in the 72 position of not being able to launch humans from domestic soil. An instructive contrast is provided by the 73 the US government took to the development of the commercial satellite market. In 1962, Congress created COMSAT, a for­profit, private corporation owned by common shareholders and a group of telecommunications companies. NASA was officially charged with providing 74 advice to COMSAT, and the agency was given responsibility for COMSAT’s launches. The idea behind this public­private 75 was to employ the expertise of NASA to jump­start a private communications satellite industry. It led to the rapid deployment and use — for both public and private purposes — of the vast range of satellites that dominate the space economy today. 61．A．enterprise B．employment C．electricity D．justice 62．A．drafted B．attained C．recognized D．estimated 63．A．underprovided B．underfounded C．overpriced D．overused 64．A．investment B．acquisition C．friction D．objective 65．A．evolution B．conversions C．visions D．industrialization 66．A．recovered B．thrived C．ceased D．failed 67．A．act B．planet C．interpretation D．animation 68．A．close­up B．warm­up C．follow­up D．dress­up 69．A．centralized B．popularized C．coined D．mystified 70．A．stuffed B．admitted C．demonstrated D．overtook 71．A．accessed B．rejected C．wrinkled D．represented 72．A．senior B．navigable C．embarrassing D．harsh 73．A．risk B．routine C．approach D．advantage 74．A．legal B．technical C．equal D．financial 75．A．partnership B．debate C．meditation D．horizon Passage 6 Wordsworth is celebrated as the nature poet because of his beautiful descriptions of nature and rural/countryside areas. However, to 76 his work to just an imitation of trees and flowers would be immature. Wordsworth admired nature/countryside not only because it looked beautiful, but because of the simplicity and beauty that nature/countryside provided allowed people to be in 77 with their soul and experience true beauty in life. Wordsworth believed that the city life made the masses dull and depressed — it had reduced them to 78 machines who failed to appreciate the simple beauty of life. He called this mental state savage torpor (原始麻木). 79 of the highly elevated topics of neoclassical (新古典主义) poets and their over­complicated language, Wordsworth wanted “to make the ordinary extraordinary”. Wordsworth found 80 from everyday figures of everyday life. Whether it be the famous Solitary Reaper or the Daffodils — Wordsworth’s poetry flows to admire the simple beauty that exists in daily life. For Wordsworth, a poet is simply “a man speaking to men” — a fellow human just like all of us trying to communicate his 81 and experience of truth and beauty. 82 , the poet differs from regular people because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him and a deeper connection with his own feelings, moods and emotions as they arise in 83 to these outer happenings. Wordsworth famously 84 poetry as “a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which are recollected in tranquility”. Simply speaking, the highly sensitive poet is able to experience the beauty of ordinary life, capture his own emotions as they 85 and is finally able to sit in a calm, peaceful space to use his imagination to recollect these emotions and finally write about them. Wordsworth 86 to the belief that the “real language of men”–—ordinary daily language — should be used to write poetry. However, Wordsworth refined this common language to a purer form without losing the 87 of its simplicity. The Egotistical Sublime (个人崇高) is a concept which simply means that a poet’s own subjective view of truth and beauty is extremely 88 to his work. The poems they produce are 89 with their own imagination and perspective on how they perceive things around them. Wordsworth’s works are often said to be examples of the Egotistical Sublime since his own experience of things is what he believes to be everyone’s experience of things. In conclusion, it’ll be safe to say those modern­day poets who hold ideas like self­expression and sensitivity so dear to their hearts truly 90 it to Wordsworth’s works to reinforce ideas so simple yet so revolutionary. 76．A．reduce B．relate C．extend D．restore 77．A．conflict B．touch C．cooperation D．proportion 78．A．overworked B．overestimated C．overweight D．overnight 79．A．Ignorant B．Aware C．Tired D．Reminded 80．A．inspiration B．contact C．heritage D．loneliness 81．A．perception B．qualification C．concern D．projection 82．A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Additionally 83．A．contrast B．reference C．response D．parallel 84．A．define B．dismiss C．advertise D．impose 85．A．arise B．reflect C．compose D．release 86．A．belonged B．clung C．appealed D．headed 87．A．lack B．essence C．obligation D．decoration 88．A．resistant B．attached C．compared D．relevant 89．A．restricted B．burdened C．covered D．filled 90．A．shift B．owe C．add D．channel Passage 7 Feel Like You’re Falling Behind Your Peers? It’s never pleasant to lag behind others that we consider similar to ourselves. The conventional wisdom says to “stop competing with others and only compete with yourself”. But that’s easier said than done. With the rise of social media, it’s hard to avoid 91 of your colleagues’ accomplishments if you want to stay connected. But in fact that knowledge can have benefits. A recent study shows that it can become a source of 92 in both one’s work and life. So how can you take advantage of the positive benefits of competition without suffering from the insecurity it may 93 ? Track your triggers. The stress of feeling behind your peers can emerge in many 94 throughout the day. It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own. It’s vital to pay attention to the things that tend to cause you to compare yourself with others, because if you are 95 that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response. Shift to purposeful re-framing. Once you 96 the situations that provoke these negative feelings in you, you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure. But that’s rarely a(n) 97 or practical solution. For instance, you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues. A better approach is to 98 engage those feelings to your benefit. Instead of saying to yourself, “I wish I did that,” ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?” Then take some time to listen to what ideas emerge in your mind. 99 a personal strength to regain validation (认可). During the period of insecurity, you may start to consider how you can 100 others. Double down on your strengths and express them to the world. An executive coaching client of mine was heartbroken that his planned promotion this year was postponed due to the pandemic. He worried that his future 101 for promotion to this position would slowly disappear. To get out of his negative state, he decided to harness (利用) his writing talent. He 102 a thoughtful article for the company blog on how to effectively and positively lead others 103 the current crisis. Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance. This feedback, 104 , made him confident about his value. Any efforts in your career and life will 105 bring self-comparison and insecurity. But whenever you feel like you are falling behind others, you can use these strategies to regain your confidence and perform well in the competitions that genuinely matter to you. 91．A．evidence B．hints C．exchanges D．criticism 92．A．entertainment B．pride C．inspiration D．identity 93．A．suffer B．ensure C．breed D．seize 94．A．accents B．forms C．sizes D．cultures 95．A．aware B．glad C．relieved D．surprised 96．A．ignore B．seek C．report D．track 97．A．adaptive B．reasonable C．innovative D．diplomatic 98．A．deliberately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．effortlessly 99．A．Detect B．Reserve C．Qualify D．Exhibit 100．A．make use of B．catch up with C．give in to D．put up with 101．A．proposals B．prospects C．perspectives D．programs 102．A．copied B．reviewed C．composed D．quoted 103．A．to B．with C．through D．across 104．A．however B．besides C．for example D．in turn 105．A．inevitably B．sensitively C．unfortunately D．visibly Passage 8 If you're visiting Florence, Italy, you've got to see the world-famous Uffizi Gallery. But why? Because that's what   106 does in Florence? Because you feel it 107 to post a selfie in front of the Italian painter Sandro Botticelli's The Birth of Venus (《维纳斯的诞生》)? Those are obviously 108 reasons. We shouldn't go to places because they're world-famous; instead, we should go to fully 109 what makes them world-famous. But that requires a well-planned visit, not just following the 110 , taking pictures and then checking it off on your wish list. For example, you cannot visit the Statue of Liberty (自由女神像) at all without serious 111 . “On busy days, we're taking 25 , 000 people on the small island, and only 500 a day get to the statue,” said Michael Amato, the lead park ranger (管理人) for the Statue of Liberty National Monument. “Right now we're sold out until two months later.” So you need to check when the ticket is available 112 . Still, a lot can 113 before you actually go on the trip. “Keep yourself up to date,” said Jade McKellar, director of the visitor experience centre at the Sydney Opera House. “ 114 us on social media and sign up for our newsletter.” Even without a booking, visitors can often buy tickets for events that run 363 days a year. But like visiting many sites, a true visit means spending a full day, something a(n) 115 traveller might be unwilling to do. Another reason to set aside more time: visitors can check out the less famous but equally worthwhile—often beautifully complementary (互补的) sites 116 . Susan Greaney, a senior historian at English Heritage, who is in charge of Stonehenge (巨石阵), 117 a trip to the two history museums with Stonehenge-relevant exhibitions. Each of them is less than a 30-minute drive but likely to be 118 on a one-day tour of London. Of course, you can simply 119 the world-famous attraction. If you're 120 museums by the time you get to Florence, forget the Uffizi and take advantage of other things Florence offers. Don't worry about what your friends will think. 106．A．everybody B．somebody C．nobody D．another 107．A．free B．pleasant C．necessary D．possible 108．A．terrible B．odd C．vital D．similar 109．A．check B．appreciate C．possess D．control 110．A．example B．order C．advice D．crowd 111．A．testing B．planning C．meeting D．training 112．A．at a distance B．by chance C．in advance D．on time 113．A．expect B．come C．change D．improve 114．A．Support B．Observe C．Follow D．Inform 115．A．experienced B．rushed C．discouraged D．talented 116．A．home B．oversea C．nearby D．halfway 117．A．recommended B．designed C．extended D．canceled 118．A．covered B．found C．predicted D．missed 119．A．visit B．skip C．replace D．recognize 120．A．familiar with B．sick of C．used to D．attracted to 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 完形填空题 Passage 1 上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Passage 2 上海市华师大二附中2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 3 上海市行知中学2022-2022学年高二下学期期末调研英语试题 Passage 4 上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高二下学期质量调研（期末）英语试题 Passage 5 上海进才中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 6 上海七宝中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷 Passage 7 上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末测试英语试题 Passage 8 上海市金山区金山中学2022-20230学年高二下学期期末英语试题 Passage 1                                     You May Need a Few Minutes of Brisk Activity Walking from room to room, running up and down stairs to deliver folded laundry, or taking a jog around the block... Which ones would best help or hurt your brain? A recent study attempted to a answer that question by strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people in the United Kingdom and 1 their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news. People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities had 2 cognition scores,” said study author John Mitchell. Moderate physical activity is 3 defined as brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Vigorous movement 4 dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill—basically any activity that is able to 5 your heart rate and breathing. The study found that doing just under 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day led to 6 in study participants’ working memory. In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization. The cognitive improvement was 8 , but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout, Mitchell said. “Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years, the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average,” he said. “While on the other hand, the results do also imply that even making 10 changes to our daily lives can have 11 consequences for our cognition.” There was bad news as well. Spending more time sleeping, sitting or engaged only in mild movement was linked to a negative impact on the brain. The study found cognition declined 1% to 2% after replacing an 12 portion of MVPA with eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep. Additional studies need to be done to 13 these findings and to better understand the role that each type of activity plays 14 our cognitive abilities. However, Mitchell said, the study “highlights how even very modest differences in people’s daily movements— less than 10 minutes— can be linked to the 15 of quite real changes to our cognitive health.” 1．A．modifying B．tricking C．clarifying D．tracking 2．A．lower B．higher C．smaller D．bigger 3．A．typically B．previously C．barely D．absolutely 4．A．ranges from B．arises from C．keeps from D．stems from 5．A．calm B．push C．boost D．slow 6．A．improvements B．adjustments C．requirements D．statements 7．A．arguing B．meditating C．planning D．compromising 8．A．imposing B．modest C．accessible D．reliable 9．A．phasing B．indulging C．meditating D．engaging 10．A．maximum B．lasting C．temporary D．minimal 11．A．leading B．positive C．quantifiable D．downstream 12．A．acute B．equivalent C．observable D．unimportant 13．A．reject B．propose C．advocate D．confirm 14．A．in addition to B．with respect to C．prior to D．specific to 15．A．occurrence B．performance C．disappearance D．convenience 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了剧烈活动对人的大脑的影响。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究试图回答这个问题，他们在英国近4500人的大腿上绑上活动监测器，连续7天跟踪他们24小时的活动。A. modifying修改；B. tricking欺骗；C. clarifying澄清；D. tracking跟踪。根据前文的“strapping( 绑上) activity monitors to the thighs of nearly 4,500 people”可知，绑上活动监测器的目的就是对他们的活动进行跟踪。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的作者约翰·米切尔说:“与坐着、睡觉或温和的活动相比，那些花很少时间(只有六到九分钟)进行剧烈活动的人的认知得分更高。”A. lower较低；B. higher较高；C. smaller较小；D. bigger较大。根据后文的“the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average”可知，这项研究的结果可能只是告诉我们，那些行动更多的人平均来说往往有更高的认知能力，故进行剧烈活动的人的认知得分更高。故选B项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：适度的体育活动通常被定义为快走、骑自行车或上下楼梯。A. typically通常；B. previously以前；C. barely勉强；D. absolutely绝对。根据后文的“brisk walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs”可知，快走、骑自行车或上下楼梯是我们通常认为的适度的体育活动。故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：剧烈的运动包括跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山——基本上任何能提高你的心率和呼吸的活动都可以。A. ranges from从……变化到……；B. arises from起源于；C. keeps from阻止；D. stems from源于。根据后文的“dancing, jogging, running, swimming to biking up a hill”可知，该句中涉及固定短语range from...to...，意为“范围从……到……；包括”。跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山这些活动都是剧烈的运动的范围。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：剧烈的运动包括跳舞、慢跑、跑步、游泳和骑车上山——基本上任何能提高你的心率和呼吸的活动都可以。A. calm使镇静；B. push推动；C. boost促进，使增长；D. slow减缓。根据前文的“Vigorous movement”和后文的“your heart rate and breathing”可知，根据常识剧烈的运动对心率和呼吸都有提高、促进作用。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，每天进行不到10分钟的中度到剧烈的体育活动(MVPA)可以改善研究参与者的工作记忆。A. improvements改进；B. adjustments调整；C. requirements要求；D. statements声明。根据后文的“the results of this study may simply be telling us that those individuals who move more tend to have higher cognition on average”可知，这项研究的结果可能只是告诉我们，那些行动更多的人平均来说往往有更高的认知能力，故剧烈的体育活动可以改善人们的工作记忆。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，10分钟的MVPA对计划和组织等执行过程的影响最大。A. arguing争论；B. meditating沉思；C. planning计划；D. compromising妥协。根据前文的“10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes”可知，10分钟的MVPA对执行过程的影响最大，计划属于执行过程。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提高并不太大，但研究发现，一个人从事高强度锻炼的时间越长，这种好处就越明显。A. imposing壮观的；B. modest些许的，不太大；C. accessible可使用的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文的“but the research found that the benefits grew the more time a person spent 9 in the activity of an energetic workout”可知，研究发现，一个人花在精力充沛的锻炼活动上的时间越多，好处就越大。but为转折连词，故but前边表示的是“认知能力的提高并不明显”。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：米切尔说，认知能力的提高并不太大，但研究发现，一个人从事高强度锻炼的时间越长，这种好处就越明显。A. phasing分阶段进行，逐步做；B. indulging放纵，沉迷；C. meditating沉思，考虑；D. engaging从事。根据后文的“in the activity of an energetic workout”可知，本句用固定短语engage in意为“参与，参加，从事于”，spend time doing sth为固定表达，故用engaging。研究发现，一个人花在精力充沛的锻炼活动上的时间越多。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“另一方面，研究结果也表明，即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会对我们的认知产生积极的影响。”A. maximum最大；B. lasting持续；C. temporary暂时；D. minimal最小。根据前文的“People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or. gentle activities had 2 cognition scores”可知，六到九分钟的剧烈活动也会对人的认知有影响，故即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变也是很有好处的。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“另一方面，研究结果也表明，即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会随之产生对我们的认知影响。”A. leading领先的；B. positive积极的；C. quantifiable可以定量的，能量化的；D. downstream引发的，随之产生的。根据前文的“People who spent “even small amounts of time in more vigorous activities—as little as six to nine minutes—compared to sitting, sleeping or. gentle activities had 2 cognition scores”可知，六到九分钟的剧烈活动也会对人的认知有影响，故即使对我们的日常生活做出最小的改变，也会随之产生对我们的认知影响。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，用8分钟的久坐行为、6分钟的低强度运动或7分钟的睡眠取代等量的MVPA后，认知能力下降了1%至2%。A. acute严重的；B. equivalent相同的；C. observable能看得到的；D. unimportant不重要的。根据后文的“eight minutes of sedentary (久坐的) behavior, six minutes of light intensity or seven minutes of sleep”可知，研究对于时间的掌控很精确，故做研究时也要进行等量替换才可以得出精确地结论。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地了解每种活动在我们的认知能力方面所起的作用。A. reject拒绝；B. propose提议；C. advocate主张；D. confirm确认，证实。根据前文的“Now that we don’t monitor participants’ cognition over the course of many years”和“Additional studies need to be done”可知，研究人员多年来没有监测参与者的认知，需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现。故选D项。 14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：需要做更多的研究来证实这些发现，并更好地了解每种活动针对我们的认知能力所起的作用。A. in addition to除了；B. with respect to关于；C. prior to之前，在前；D. specific to特定于，针对。根据前文的“the role that each type of activity plays”可知，不同类型的活动对认知能力所起的作用不一样，有针对性。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，米切尔说，这项研究“强调了即使是人们日常活动中非常微小的差异——不到10分钟——也会和我们的认知健康产生非常真实的变化有关。”A. occurrence发生；B. performance表现；C. disappearance消失；D. convenience方便。根据前文的“In addition, 10 minutes of MVPA had its biggest impact on executive processes such as 7 and organization.”和后文的“quite real changes to our cognitive health.”可知，哪怕少量的运动也会发生对认知健康的影响。故选A项。 Passage 2 In 200 Years Cows May Be the Biggest Land Mammals (哺乳动物) on the Planet Around 13,000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals than modern Africa. There were multiple horse species, camels and some now-extinct animals. And such 16 creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11,700 years ago. Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones 17 . A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to 18 around the same time humans first showed up. If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have 19 from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. The largest land mammal 200 years from now could well be the domestic cow, Smith’s research suggests. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found 20 no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. The average 21 of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the 22 of humans. For most of mammalian 23 history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That 24 only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals. This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have 25 some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall. 26 , it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new 27 . They simply could not 28 fast enough to survive the invasion of humans. Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s 29 now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth.” Rather than simply behaving as 30 , many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors. 16．A．smart B．massive C．marine D．ancient 17．A．survived B．shrank C．escaped D．returned 18．A．hide away B．bring up C．break up D．die out 19．A．faded B．restored C．improved D．expanded 20．A．absolutely B．predictably C．exclusively D．potentially 21．A．weight B．speed C．size D．appetite 22．A．production B．appearance C．exploration D．cruelty 23．A．recorded B．contemporary C．evolutionary D．conclusive 24．A．link B．contact C．adaptation D．distinction 25．A．enlarged B．stressed C．impressed D．dominated 26．A．Moreover B．Otherwise C．Meanwhile D．Rather 27．A．species B．hope C．rule D．threat 28．A．grow B．digest C．withdraw D．adapt 29．A．instructive B．tremendous C．different D．marvelous 30．A．sponsors B．creators C．consumers D．producers 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．D 29．C 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大型哺乳动物灭绝和人类活动密切相关，呼吁人们要爱护地球，保护野生动物。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如此巨大的生物不仅在北美发现过。A. smart聪明的；B. massive巨大的；C. marine海洋的；D. ancient古代的。根据下文“On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11,700 years ago.”中的“larger”可知，说的是巨大的生物。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，科学家们一直在争论是什么原因导致这些大型生物灭绝，而许多较小的生物却存活了下来。A. survived存活；B. shrank退缩；C. escaped逃避；D. returned返回。根据本句中的“while”可知，上下句形成对比，上一句提到了“灭绝”，所以下一句为“幸存”。故选A。 18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由生物学家菲丽莎·史密斯(Felisa Smith)领导的一个研究小组分析了数百万年来哺乳动物灭绝的证据，发现在每个大陆上，大型哺乳动物开始灭绝的时间几乎与人类首次出现的时间相同。A. hide away隐藏；B. bring up抚养长大；C. break up分手、分解；D. die out灭绝。根据前半句“A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions”中的“extinctions”可知，空处应和“灭绝”相呼应。故选D。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这种灭绝趋势继续下去，更多的大型哺乳动物也将很快消失，因为人类的主要威胁已经从过度捕猎扩展到栖息地丧失等间接过程。A. faded衰退；B. restored修复；C. improved改善；D. expanded扩大。根据空后“from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss.”可知，来自人类威胁范围已经扩大了。故选D。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们发现，在6500万年的时间里，气候对哺乳动物灭绝绝对没有影响，”她说。A. absolutely绝对地；B. predictably可预见地；C. exclusively唯一地；D. potentially可能地。根据下文“But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found.”中的“but”可知，6500万年前的动物不会受到气候影响而灭绝，故选A。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，幸存的哺乳动物的平均体型减小了。A. weight重量；B. speed速度；C. size大小；D. appetite胃口。根据上文“But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found. ”可知，存活下来的哺乳动物平均体型变小了。故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而这些大型哺乳动物的灭绝与人类的出现密切相关。A. production生产；B. appearance出现；C. exploration探险；D. cruelty残酷。根据下文“That ____9____ only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.”可知，哺乳动物的灭绝和人类的出现是有关系的。故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在哺乳动物的进化史上，动物的体型并不能预测其灭绝的风险。A. recorded记录的；B. contemporary当代的；C. evolutionary进化的；D. conclusive确定的、毫无疑问的。根据下文的“history”以及“an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk.”可知，这里所讲的是在哺乳动物的进化史中。故选C。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种联系只在人类开始与大型哺乳动物共存时才出现。A. link联系；B. contact接触；C. adaptation适应；D. distinction区别。上文提到大型哺乳动物的灭绝和气候没有关系，所以这种灭绝只能和人类联系在一起。故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一发现并不意味着与气候相关的变化不会给一些野生动物种群带来压力，从而使人类更容易导致它们的最终灭绝。A. enlarged扩大；B. stressed使承受压力；C. impressed给……深刻印象；D. dominated支配。因为气候的相关变化使得人类更容易导致野生动物灭亡，所以这里指的是造成压力。故选B。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它表明大型哺乳动物更大的灭绝可能性与人类活动有关。A. Moreover此外；B. Otherwise否则；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Rather相反。上文意为“这一发现并不意味着与气候相关的变化不会给一些野生动物种群带来压力，从而使人类更容易导致它们的最终灭绝。”空后“它表明大型哺乳动物更大的灭绝可能性与人类活动有关。”可知，两句话之间存在相反的关系，故选D。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些在进化过程中没有被人类猎杀风险的动物突然面临着新的威胁。A. species物种；B. hope希望；C. rule规则；D. threat威胁。根据上文“it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities.”可知，大型哺乳动物的灭绝更有可能和人类活动相关，而人类还会继续活动，所以动物会面临新的威胁。故选D。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们只是无法快速适应，在人类的入侵中生存下来。A. grow生长；B. digest消化；C. withdraw撤退；D. adapt适应、改编。根据上文“The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new ____12____.”可知，动物会面临新的威胁，所以它们灭绝的原因是无法迅速适应变化。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“现在的不同之处在于，”她说，“我们中的一些人生活得足够舒适，生活水平足够高，因此我们可以开始考虑如何利用地球。”A. instructive有益的；B. tremendous极大的、巨大的；C. different不同的；D. marvelous非凡的。根据下文“is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth.”可知，她表达的意思是我们不能一味地享受地球带给我们的舒适，我们还要思考对地球的耗费，所以这和以前是不同的。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人现在都有能力成为环境保护者，而不是简单地做个消费者。A. sponsors赞助者；B. creators创造者；C. consumers消费者；D. producers制造商。根据下文的“many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.”可知，我们现在是环境保护者，也就是说不仅仅是个消费者了。故选C。 Passage 3 What is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is the largest of the five offshore plastic accumulation zones in the world’s oceans. It is located halfway between Hawaii and California. PLASTIC 31 It is estimated that 1.15 to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. More than half of this plastic is less 32 than the water, meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea. The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment, allowing them to be transported over 33 distances. They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch. Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they 34 into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment, microplastic 35 in the GPGP will only continue to increase. LOCATION Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents, the GPGP’s location and shape are constantly changing. Only floating objects that are 36 influenced by currents were likely to remain within the patch. By simulating concentration levels in the North Pacific, the researchers were able to follow the location of the patch and found on average it orbits around 32°N and 145°W. However, the team observed seasonal 37 from west to east and substantial variations in latitude（纬度）depending on the year. IMPACT ON WILDLIFE Plastic has increasingly become a very common substance in the ocean. Due to its size and color, animals 38 the plastic for food, causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence. Studies have shown that about 700 species have encountered marine debris, and 92% of these 39 are with plastic. 17% of the species affected by plastic are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. IMPACT ON HUMANS AND SOCIETY Once plastic enters the marine food web, there is a possibility that it will contaminate the human food chain as well. Through a process called bioaccumulation, chemicals in plastics will enter the body of the animal 40 on the plastic, and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the 41 —making their way up the food web that includes humans. These chemicals that affected the plastic feeders could then be 42 within the human as well. 43 , yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD．The costs 44 its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups. These costs do not include the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem due to 45 research available. 31．A．ACCUMULATION B．DRIFT C．FLOATING D．PROMOTION 32．A．light B．thick C．tiny D．dense 33．A．adjusted B．overdone C．deposited D．extended 34．A．upgrade B．degrade C．assemble D．disassemble 35．A．transportation B．estimation C．concentration D．location 36．A．predominantly B．rarely C．previously D．slightly 37．A．similarity B．shift C．boost D．figure 38．A．exchange B．substitute C．leave D．confuse 39．A．implications B．interactions C．interferences D．influences 40．A．resting B．feeding C．risking D．waiting 41．A．mariner B．prey C．tracker D．predator 42．A．present B．absent C．current D．reliable 43．A．Likewise B．However C．Moreover D．Therefore 44．A．result in B．remove from C．stem from D．bring about 45．A．insufficient B．adequate C．insignificant D．substantial 【答案】 31．A 32．D 33．D 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．B 41．D 42．A 43．C 44．C 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界五大海洋塑料堆积区中最大的一个，即大太平洋垃圾带(GPGP)。讲述了它的位置、形成的过程以及带来的消极影响。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塑料积累。A. ACCUMULATION聚集；B. DRIFT漂流；C. FLOATING漂浮；D. PROMOTION推销。根据下文的“They persist at the sea surface as they make their way off shore, transported by converging (汇聚的) currents and finally accumulating in the patch.”（当它们离开海岸的时候，它们会一直停留在海面上，被汇聚的洋流输送，最终在这片海域聚集。）可知，是塑料离开海岸，被汇聚的洋流输送，聚集在海域上。故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些塑料中有一半以上的密度小于水，这意味着它们一旦遇到大海就不会下沉。A. light轻的；B. thick厚的；C. tiny狭小的；D. dense密度大的。根据后文的“meaning that it will not sink once it encounters the sea.”（意思是它一旦遇到大海就不会沉没。），可知这些塑料密度小于水，遇到海水不会下沉。故选D。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性，使它们能够被输送到很远的地方。A. adjusted调整；B. overdone过多；C. deposited放置；D. extended波及，延伸。根据前文中的“The strong and floating plastics show resiliency(韧性) in the marine environment.”（这种坚固而漂浮的塑料在海洋环境中表现出韧性）可知，这些塑料由于其韧性，能够漂浮至很远的地方。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些塑料进入环流，它们就不太可能离开这个区域，直到它们在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A. upgrade升级；B. degrade降解；C. assemble集合；D. disassemble分散。根据后文的“into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life.”可知，这些塑料会在阳光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故选B。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中，GPGP中的微塑料浓度只会继续增加。A. transportation交通；B. estimation估计；C. concentration浓度；D. location位置。根据前文的“As more and more plastics are discarded into the environment.”（随着越来越多的塑料被丢弃到环境中），可知越来越多的塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的浓度会不断增加。故选C。 36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：只有主要受洋流影响的漂浮物体才有可能留在区域内。A. predominantly主要地；B. rarely稀少地；C. previously之前地；D. slightly稍微地。根据前文的“Once these plastics enter the gyre（环流）, they are unlikely to leave the area until they_____5_____into smaller microplastics under the effects of sun, waves and marine life. ”可知，一旦这些塑料垃圾进入到了洋流中，它们不太可能离开这区域，直到它们降解成更小的微塑料。因此这些主要被洋流影响的塑料垃圾一直仍然在这个区域中，故选A。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究小组观察到季节从西到东的变化，以及纬度的重大变化取决于年份。A. similarity相似性；B. shift转变；C. boost增加；D. figure数字。根据前文的“Due to seasonal and interannual variabilities of winds and currents.”可知，由于风和洋流的季节性和年际变化，所以研究小组观察到了季节性的变化。故选B。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和颜色，动物把塑料错当作食物，导致营养不良；这会带来纠缠的风险，并威胁到他们的整体行为、健康和存在。A. exchange交换；B. substitute代替；C. leave离开；D. confuse弄错。根据后文的“causing malnutrition; it poses entanglement（缠绕）risks and threatens their overall behavior, health, and existence.”可知，一些动物会把塑料错认为食物，误食它们最终导致营养不良等风险。故选D。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，约700种物种遇到过海洋垃圾，其中92%的互动是与塑料产生的。A. implications牵连；B. interactions互动；相互影响；C. interferences干扰；D. influences影响。根据前文的“about 700 species have encountered marine debris”可知，92%的动物都遇到过塑料，故与塑料产生互动。故选B。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦塑料进入海洋食物网，它也有可能污染人类的食物链。通过一个被称为生物积累的过程，塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体，当食用者成为猎物时，化学物质会传递给捕食者——在包括人类在内的食物网中一路上升。A. resting休息；B. feeding喂养；C. risking冒险；D. waiting等待。根据后文“and as the feeder becomes prey, the chemicals will pass to the _____11_____”可知，空前应与and后的内容相并列。当食用者成为猎物的时候，化学物质会传递给捕食者。之前的过程应该是塑料中的化学物质会进入以塑料为食的动物的身体。故选B。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mariner水手；B. prey猎物；C. tracker跟踪者；D. predator捕食者。根据前文“as the feeder becomes prey”可知，化学物质进入以塑料为食的动物的身体中，捕食者在猎捕它们。化学物质就会进入到捕食者的身体中。故选D。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些影响那些吃塑料的动物们的化学物质同时也可能会一直存留在人类体内。A. present出席的，存在于；B. absent缺席的，不存在的；C. current当前的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文的“ the chemicals will pass to the _____11_____—making their way up the food web that includes humans.”可知，化学物质（微塑料）会进入到包括人类在内的食物网中，人类在捕食了吃了塑料的海洋生物后，这些化学物质也会存在于人类身体中。故选A。 43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的经济损失估计在60 - 190亿美元之间。A. Likewise同样地；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。根据后文的“yearly economic costs due to marine plastic are estimated to be between $6-19billion USD.”并结合上文讲述塑料对人类的影响可知，此处是补充阐述海洋塑料带来的经济危害，与前文构成递进关系。故选C。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其成本来自其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理的影响。A. result in导致；B. remove from移除；C. stem from源自于；D. bring about产生。根据后文的“its impact on tourism, fisheries and aquaculture, and governmental cleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的经济损失来自于其对旅游业、渔业和水产养殖业以及政府清理方面造成的影响。故选C。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些成本不包括由于现有研究不足而对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响。A. insufficient不充足的；B. adequate足够的；C. insignificant不重要的；D. substantial大量的。根据前文的“the impact on human health and the marine ecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾对人类健康和海洋生态系统造成的影响还无法计算，因此不能包括其中。故选A。 Passage 4 If economist are so smart, why ain’t they rich? After I wrote a newsletter last month on how economists’ views differ from those of ordinary people, I got emails to the effect of, “If economists are so smart, why ain’t they rich?” I’m not an economist, so the question doesn’t 46 me. The possible explanations, 47 , are interesting — sometimes funny, sometimes kind of deep. Here are five theories. 1. Economists aren’t trying to be rich. A lot of economists go to work for institutions of government and higher education. You don’t go to work for such employers because you 48 to vast riches. Nobody asks Trappist monks why they aren’t rich, because it’s understood that getting rich is not their aspiration. Economics likewise offers rewards beyond 49 . 2. Economists are too good at economics. Learning a little economics is useful for a lot of 50 careers, from management to banking. Warren Buffett, Steven Cohen, Kenneth Griffin, Henry Kravis and Elon Musk are among the billionaires who have bachelor or master degrees in economics. The 51 is loving it so much that you get your doctorate and become an impoverished postdoc or assistant professor. 3. Economists aren’t actually smart. I don’t 52 this one. I think that economists are smart. But some — not the good ones — can be 53 . They know their subspecialties well but are weak on others, such as economic history. These economists have 54 but not wisdom. 4. Economists are 55 by the “efficient market hypothesis”. There’s a joke about a young economist who bends down to pick up a $20 bill he sees on the sidewalk. An older colleague tells him not to 56 because if there were really a $20 bill there, someone would have picked it up already. Devotion to the efficient market hypothesis — which assumes that prices reflect all available information— 57 economists from trying to beat the market, and that’s why they never get rich. 5. Economists do think they can beat the market, but they’re wrong. A great 58 of this is Long-Term Capital Management, a heralded hedge fund (对冲基金) that included a pair of Nobel economics laureates, Robert Merton and Myron Scholes. It 59 in spectacular fashion in 1998. Warren Buffett, despite earning a master of science degree in economics from Columbia University in 1951, told a CNBC interviewer in 2016, “I don’t pay any attention to what economists say, frankly.” He is 60 that economics isn’t an ideal way to make money as an investor. On the other hand, that’s not what it’s for. It’s a science of means and ends. Let economists be economists! 46．A．benefit B．annoy C．amaze D．sacrifice 47．A．therefore B．moreover C．though D．instead 48．A．aspire B．object C．contribute D．appeal 49．A．challenge B．knowledge C．imagination D．money 50．A．profitable B．academic C．professional D．competitive 51．A．merit B．opportunity C．mistake D．shortage 52．A．oppose B．convince C．buy D．confront 53．A．short-sighted B．well-rounded C．under-educated D．narrow-minded 54．A．prospects B．allowance C．expertise D．weaknesses 55．A．inspired B．restrained C．overwhelmed D．fueled 56．A．bother B．overlook C．initiate D．withdraw 57．A．bans B．distinguishes C．isolates D．discourages 58．A．obstacle B．example C．highlight D．consequence 59．A．overtook rivals B．went bankrupt C．reaped rewards D．was launched 60．A．sophisticated B．false C．biased D．right 【答案】 46．B 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．A 51．C 52．C 53．D 54．C 55．B 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．B 60．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。聪明的经济学家并不富有，文章介绍了5个理论来解释其原因。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是经济学家，所以这个问题并不会让我生气。A. benefit使受益；B. annoy使恼怒；C. amaze使惊奇；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据上文“If economists are so smart, why ain’t they rich?”可知，这一问题是对经济学家的质疑，提问人暗示经济学家并不富有，所以他们并不聪明，这一问题会让真正的经济学家感到恼怒，作者不是不是经济学家，所以这个问题并不会让他生气。故选B项。 47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，可能的解释很有趣，有时搞笑，有时又有点深奥。A. therefore因此；B. moreover此外；C. though不过，可是；D. instead代替。上文作者表达自己不是经济学家，这个问题不会让他生气，他不在乎，但下文他提出这个问题的解释很有趣，显示出他的兴趣，由不在乎到感兴趣，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不会因为追求巨大的财富而去为这样的雇主工作。A. aspire追求，渴望；B. object反对；C. contribute捐赠；D. appeal呼吁。根据段首中心句“Economists aren’t trying to be rich.”和下文“Nobody asks Trappist monks why they aren’t rich, because it’s understood that getting rich is not their aspiration.”中与特拉普派僧侣的类比可知，经济学家并不追求巨大的财富。故选A项。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济学同样提供了金钱之外的奖励。A. challenge挑战；B. knowledge知识；C. imagination想像；D. money钱。根据上文“Trappist monks why they aren’t rich, because it’s understood that getting rich is not their aspiration.”和句中“likewise”可推知，与特拉普派僧侣一样，经济学家并不追求巨大的财富，而是在寻求超越金钱的其它奖励。故选D项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从管理到银行业，学一点经济学对很多能带来收益的职业都很有用。A. profitable盈利的，有利可图的；B. academic学术的；C. professional专业的；D. competitive竞争的。根据句中“from management to banking”可知，管理学和银行业都是能带来收益的职业。故选A项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：错就错在你太喜欢它了，以至于你获得了博士学位，却变成了一个贫穷的博士后或助理教授。A. merit优点；B. opportunity机会；C. mistake错误；D. shortage短缺。根据下文“loving it so much that you get your doctorate and become an impoverished postdoc or assistant professor.”可知，因太喜欢经济学，去获得了博士学位，却变成了一个贫穷的博士后或助理教授，这是一个错误的做法。故选C项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不接受这个说法。A. oppose反抗；B. convince使确信；C. buy接受；D. confront面对。根据段首中心句“Economists aren’t actually smart.”和下文“I think that economists are smart.”可知，作者并不接受经济学家并不聪明这一说法。故选C项。 53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但有些不优秀的经济学家可能思想狭隘。A. short-sighted目光短浅的；B. well-rounded面面俱到的；C. under-educated未受良好教育的；D. narrow-minded狭隘的。根据句中“not the good ones”和“They know their subspecialties well but are weak on others”可知，有些不优秀的经济学家思想狭隘。故选D项。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些经济学家有专业知识，但没有智慧。A. prospects前景；B. allowance津贴；C. expertise专长；D. weaknesses弱点。根据上文“They know their subspecialties well but are weak on others”可知，这类经济学家有专业知识。故选C项。 55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济学家受到“有效市场假说”的约束。A. inspired激励；B. restrained抑制；C. overwhelmed淹没；D. fueled加燃料。根据下文“Devotion to the efficient market hypothesis — which assumes that prices reflect all available information—　　12　　　　 economists from trying to beat the market, and that’s why they never get rich.”可知，经济学家专注于“有效市场假说”，不会试图战胜市场，所以不可能变得富有，正是“有效市场假说”束缚了他们。故选B项。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年长的同事告诉他不用麻烦，因为如果那里真的有一张20美元的钞票，早就有人捡起来了。A. bother费心；B. overlook忽视；C. initiate发起；D. withdraw撤离。根据下文年长的同事的分析“if there were really a $20 bill there, someone would have picked it up already.”可知，同事劝他不要打麻烦，因为钱一定是假的。故选A项。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对有效市场假说——假设价格反映了所有可获得的信息——的忠诚，使经济学家不愿试图战胜市场，这就是他们永远不会致富的原因。A. bans禁止；B. distinguishes区别；C. isolates孤立；D. discourages使打消念头。根据下文“that’s why they never get rich.”可推知，专注于“有效市场假说”让经济学家打消试图战胜市场的念头，所以不可能变得富有。故选D项。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期资本管理公司(Long-Term Capital Management)就是一个很好的例子，这是一家著名的对冲基金，其中包括两位诺贝尔经济学奖得主罗伯特•默顿(Robert Merton)和迈伦•斯科尔斯(Myron Scholes)。A. obstacle障碍；B. example例子；C. highlight强调；D. consequence后果。根据下文“Long-Term Capital Management, a heralded hedge fund (对冲基金) that included a pair of Nobel economics laureates, Robert Merton and Myron Scholes.”可知，作者用举例的方式来证明段首观点，经济学家确实认为他们可以战胜市场，但他们错了。故选B项。 59．考查动词短语辨析。句意：1998年，它以惊人的方式破产。A. overtook rivals超越竞争对手；B. went bankrupt破产；C. reaped rewards获得回报；D. was launched被发射。根据段首“they’re wrong”可知，作者列举的是经济学家失败的例子，所以这个公司破产了。故选B项。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于投资者来说，经济学并不是理想的赚钱方式，这是正确的。A. sophisticated老练的；B. false错误的；C. biased有偏见的；D. right正确的。根据下文“economics isn’t an ideal way to make money as an investor.”和“It’s a science of means and ends. Let economists be economists!”可知，作者赞同沃伦·巴菲特“不在意经济学家们说什么”的做法。故选D项。 Passage 5 Since the start of the Space Age, private­sector (私营部门) leaders have been issuing warnings that a centralized model would damage progress on public and, especially, commercial priorities in space. For example, Ralph Cordiner, the one­time CEO of General Electric, foresaw much of the space development while forcefully arguing that, eventually, space’s “development shall be under our traditional competitive 61 system.” The economic logic for the centralized model was clear, and for several decades it has 62 its goals. Public goods such as national security, national pride, and basic science are typically 63 if left to the market, and NASA (美国宇航局) was founded to provide them during the Cold War. Its command­and­control structure grew naturally from that 64 . Under this model, the United States has been the leading space power and NASA has occupied the technological frontier. The success of the Apollo missions, including the 1969 moon landing, inspired grand 65 of what would come next. In the early 1970s, studies of space colonization and diversified space­based economies 66 . But after the last of the Apollo missions in 1972, NASA — and thus the US space sector — struggled to find a second 67 in its space script. Part of the reason was that the tight connection between the Apollo program and competition with the Soviet Union made NASA’s budget vulnerable (脆弱的) to the sense that the mission had already been accomplished. Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin said, “After the Apollo lunar missions, America lost its love of space — there was no concentrated 68 and we didn’t have any clear objectives”. When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same 69 approach it had used in the 1960s. The first flight of the Columbia space shuttle was in 1981. Successive shuttle flights enabled two decades of achievements, including the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and Hubble Space Telescope, which 70 American technological competence. After two tragic accidents, with the Challenger shuttle in 1986 and the Columbia shuttle in 2003, momentum(势头)turned away from the Shuttle and the centralized model of space it 71 . The shuttle program was cancelled in 2011, leaving the United States in the 72 position of not being able to launch humans from domestic soil. An instructive contrast is provided by the 73 the US government took to the development of the commercial satellite market. In 1962, Congress created COMSAT, a for­profit, private corporation owned by common shareholders and a group of telecommunications companies. NASA was officially charged with providing 74 advice to COMSAT, and the agency was given responsibility for COMSAT’s launches. The idea behind this public­private 75 was to employ the expertise of NASA to jump­start a private communications satellite industry. It led to the rapid deployment and use — for both public and private purposes — of the vast range of satellites that dominate the space economy today. 61．A．enterprise B．employment C．electricity D．justice 62．A．drafted B．attained C．recognized D．estimated 63．A．underprovided B．underfounded C．overpriced D．overused 64．A．investment B．acquisition C．friction D．objective 65．A．evolution B．conversions C．visions D．industrialization 66．A．recovered B．thrived C．ceased D．failed 67．A．act B．planet C．interpretation D．animation 68．A．close­up B．warm­up C．follow­up D．dress­up 69．A．centralized B．popularized C．coined D．mystified 70．A．stuffed B．admitted C．demonstrated D．overtook 71．A．accessed B．rejected C．wrinkled D．represented 72．A．senior B．navigable C．embarrassing D．harsh 73．A．risk B．routine C．approach D．advantage 74．A．legal B．technical C．equal D．financial 75．A．partnership B．debate C．meditation D．horizon 【答案】 61．A 62．B 63．A 64．D 65．C 66．B 67．A 68．C 69．A 70．C 71．D 72．C 73．C 74．B 75．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局在不同经济发展模式下的发展情况。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，通用电气前首席执行官Ralph Cordiner在预见太空发展的同时，有力地指出，最终，太空的“发展应该在我们传统的竞争企业制度下”。A. enterprise企业；B. employment雇佣；C. electricity电；D. justice公正。根据上文“Since the start of the Space Age, private­sector leaders have been issuing warnings that a centralized model would damage progress on public and, especially, commercial priorities in space.”可知，这里指的是企业制度。故选A。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：中央集权模式的经济逻辑是清晰的，几十年来它已经达到了它的目标。A. drafted起草；B. attained实现；C. recognized认出；D. estimated估计。根据上文“The economic logic for the centralized model was clear”可知，中央集权模式的经济逻辑是明确的，也就是目标明确。再根据空后的“its goals”可知，是实现目标。故选B。 63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国家安全、民族自豪感和基础科学等公共产品如果交由市场来提供，通常是无法提供的，而NASA是在冷战期间成立的来提供这些的。A. underprovided供给不足的；B. underfounded有根据的；C. overpriced定价过高的；D. overused过度使用的。根据下文“NASA was founded to provide them during the Cold War.”可知，NASA可以提供国家安全、民族自豪感和基础科学，也就是之前的市场经济结构根本无法提供。故选A。 64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的指挥和控制结构自然是从这个目标发展起来的。A. investment投资；B. acquisition习得；C. friction冲突；D. objective目标。根据上文“Public goods such as national security, national pride, and basic science are typically ____3____ if left to the market, and NASA(美国宇航局)was founded to provide them during the Cold War.”可知，NASA成立是带有这个目标的。故选D。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗任务的成功，包括1969年的登月，激发了人们对未来的宏伟愿景。A. evolution演变；B. conversion转变；C. visions视野、愿景；D. industrialization工业化。根据空后的“of what would come next.”可知，是对未来的想法。故选C。 66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪70年代初，太空殖民和多元化太空经济的研究蓬勃发展。A. recovered恢复； B. thrived兴盛；C. ceased停止；D. failed失败。根据上文“The success of the Apollo missions, including the 1969 moon landing, inspired grand ____5____ of what would come next.”可知，此时一切都在蓬勃发展。故选B。 67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在1972年最后一次阿波罗任务之后，美国国家航空航天局——也就是美国航天部门——努力寻找其太空剧本的第二幕。A. act行动、幕；B. planet星球；C. interpretation解释；D. animation动画片、活力。根据上文“But after the last of the Apollo missions in 1972, NASA”可知，美国国家航空航天局已经完成了最后一次阿波罗任务，所以他们要开始第二个任务。故选A。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗宇航员巴兹·奥尔德林说：“阿波罗登月任务之后，美国失去了对太空的热爱——没有集中的后续行动，我们没有任何明确的目标。”A. close­up特写；B. warm­up热身； C. follow­up随访、后续行动；D. dress­up打扮。根据上文的“Part of the reason was that the tight connection between the Apollo program and competition with the Soviet Union made NASA’s budget vulnerable(脆弱的)to the sense that the mission had already been accomplished.”可知，人们感觉这个任务已经完成了，那么也就是没有后续了。故选C。 69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当美国国家航空航天局决定将下一个重点放在太空运输系统(更广为人知的名字是航天飞机)上时，它基本上采用了与20世纪60年代相同的集中方法。A. centralized集中的；B. popularized普及的；C. coined创造的；D. mystified困惑的。空处为原词重现，根据文章第二段“The economic logic for the centralized model was clear, and for several decades it has ____2____ its goals.”可知，这是集中制机制。故选A。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：连续20年的航天飞机飞行成就了国际空间站(ISS)和哈勃太空望远镜的建设，展示了美国的技术能力。A. stuffed填塞；B. admitted承认；C. demonstrated展示；D. overtook接管。根据上文“Successive shuttle flights enabled two decades of achievements, including the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and Hubble Space Telescope,”可知，这是美国在航天飞机以及国际空间站等上取得的成就，而这展示了美国的技术能力。故选C。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经历了1986年的挑战者号航天飞机和2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机的两次悲剧事故后，势头背离了航天飞机和它所代表的集中式太空模式。A. accessed访问、到达；B. rejected拒绝；C. wrinkled使起皱纹；D. represented代表。根据上文“When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same ____9____ approach it had used in the 1960s.”可知，航天飞机也是在集中式太空模式下发展的产物，所以它代表了集中式太空模式。故选D。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：航天飞机项目在2011年被取消，使美国陷入了无法在国内本土发射人类的尴尬处境。A. senior比……地位高；B. navigable可航行的；C. embarrassing令人尴尬的；D. harsh严厉的。根据下文“not being able to launch humans from domestic soil.”可知，这种处境是令人尴尬的。故选C。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国政府在发展商业卫星市场方面的做法提供了一个具有指导意义的对比。A. risk风险；B. routine常规做法；C. approach方法；D. advantage优点。根据上文“When NASA decided that its next emphasis would be on the Space Transportation System, better known as the Shuttle, it applied largely the same ____9____ approach it had used in the 1960s.”可知，这是美国政府在发展商业卫星市场上的做法。故选C。 74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：NASA被正式负责为COMSAT提供技术建议，该机构也被赋予了COMSAT发射的责任。A. legal合法的；B. technical技术的；C. equal平等的；D. financial金融的。根据常识可知，美国国家航天航空局可以提供的应该是技术方面的建议。故选B。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种公私合作关系背后的想法是利用NASA的专业知识来启动私人通信卫星产业。A. partnership伙伴关系、合作关系；B. debate辩论； C. meditation默想；D. horizon地平线、范围。根据上文“NASA was officially charged with providing ____14____ advice to COMSAT, and the agency was given responsibility for COMSAT’s launches.”可知，双方是合作伙伴关系。故选A。 Passage 6 Wordsworth is celebrated as the nature poet because of his beautiful descriptions of nature and rural/countryside areas. However, to 76 his work to just an imitation of trees and flowers would be immature. Wordsworth admired nature/countryside not only because it looked beautiful, but because of the simplicity and beauty that nature/countryside provided allowed people to be in 77 with their soul and experience true beauty in life. Wordsworth believed that the city life made the masses dull and depressed — it had reduced them to 78 machines who failed to appreciate the simple beauty of life. He called this mental state savage torpor (原始麻木). 79 of the highly elevated topics of neoclassical (新古典主义) poets and their over­complicated language, Wordsworth wanted “to make the ordinary extraordinary”. Wordsworth found 80 from everyday figures of everyday life. Whether it be the famous Solitary Reaper or the Daffodils — Wordsworth’s poetry flows to admire the simple beauty that exists in daily life. For Wordsworth, a poet is simply “a man speaking to men” — a fellow human just like all of us trying to communicate his 81 and experience of truth and beauty. 82 , the poet differs from regular people because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him and a deeper connection with his own feelings, moods and emotions as they arise in 83 to these outer happenings. Wordsworth famously 84 poetry as “a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which are recollected in tranquility”. Simply speaking, the highly sensitive poet is able to experience the beauty of ordinary life, capture his own emotions as they 85 and is finally able to sit in a calm, peaceful space to use his imagination to recollect these emotions and finally write about them. Wordsworth 86 to the belief that the “real language of men”–—ordinary daily language — should be used to write poetry. However, Wordsworth refined this common language to a purer form without losing the 87 of its simplicity. The Egotistical Sublime (个人崇高) is a concept which simply means that a poet’s own subjective view of truth and beauty is extremely 88 to his work. The poems they produce are 89 with their own imagination and perspective on how they perceive things around them. Wordsworth’s works are often said to be examples of the Egotistical Sublime since his own experience of things is what he believes to be everyone’s experience of things. In conclusion, it’ll be safe to say those modern­day poets who hold ideas like self­expression and sensitivity so dear to their hearts truly 90 it to Wordsworth’s works to reinforce ideas so simple yet so revolutionary. 76．A．reduce B．relate C．extend D．restore 77．A．conflict B．touch C．cooperation D．proportion 78．A．overworked B．overestimated C．overweight D．overnight 79．A．Ignorant B．Aware C．Tired D．Reminded 80．A．inspiration B．contact C．heritage D．loneliness 81．A．perception B．qualification C．concern D．projection 82．A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Additionally 83．A．contrast B．reference C．response D．parallel 84．A．define B．dismiss C．advertise D．impose 85．A．arise B．reflect C．compose D．release 86．A．belonged B．clung C．appealed D．headed 87．A．lack B．essence C．obligation D．decoration 88．A．resistant B．attached C．compared D．relevant 89．A．restricted B．burdened C．covered D．filled 90．A．shift B．owe C．add D．channel 【答案】 76．A 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．A 81．A 82．B 83．C 84．A 85．A 86．B 87．B 88．B 89．D 90．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了英国著名诗人华兹华斯对英国诗歌做出的贡献，并介绍了他对诗歌的理解。 76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，把他的作品简化为对树木和花卉的模仿是不成熟的。A. reduce减少、简化；B. relate叙述、相关；C. extend延长；D. restore恢复。根据上文“Wordsworth is celebrated as the nature poet because of his beautiful descriptions of nature and rural/countryside areas.”可知，华兹华斯因其对自然和乡村的优美描写而被誉为自然诗人，下文的however出现转折，所以不能简单地认为他的作品只是对树木的模仿。故选A。 77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯欣赏自然/乡村不仅仅是因为它看起来很美，而是因为自然/乡村所提供的简单和美丽让人能够接触心灵，体验到真正的生活之美。A. conflict冲突；B. touch接触；C. cooperation合作；D. proportion部分、份额。根据下文“experience true beauty in life”可知，他觉得乡村提供的简单和美能够让人体验到真正的美，也就是能触及心灵。故选B。 78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯认为，城市生活使大众变得沉闷和沮丧，使他们变成过度劳累的机器，无法欣赏生活的简单之美。A. overworked过度劳累的；B. overestimated估计过高的；C. overweight超重；D. overnight一夜之间。根据空后的“machines”可知，和劳作相关。故选A。 79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯厌倦了新古典主义诗人高深的主题和过于复杂的语言，他想“让平凡变得非凡”。A. Ignorant忽视的；B. Aware意识到；C.Tired劳累的、厌倦；D. Reminded被提醒的。根据下文“Wordsworth wanted “to make the ordinary extraordinary”.”可知，他有自己的想法，想从平凡中寻求不平凡。所以他是厌倦了新古典诗人高深的主题和复杂的语言。短语be tired of厌倦了……。故选C。 80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯从日常生活中的日常人物中寻找灵感。A. inspiration灵感；B. contact联系；C. heritage遗产；D. loneliness孤独。根据下文“Whether it be the famous Solitary Reaper or the Daffodils — Wordsworth’s poetry flows to admire the simple beauty that exists in daily life.”可知，他的作品都是源自于生活中的简单之美。所以，他是从日常生活中寻求灵感。故选A。 81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于华兹华斯来说，诗人只是“一个与人交谈的人”——一个像我们所有人一样试图传达他对真与美的感知和体验的人类同胞。A. perception感知、观念；B. qualification资格；C. concern担忧；D. projection规划。根据上文“a man speaking to men”可知，诗人是与人交流，也就是会表达自己对于真和美的感知和体验的感知。故选A。 82．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，诗人不同于普通人，因为他对周围发生的事情有更高的敏感度，并且与自己的感受、情绪和情感有着更深的联系，因为它们是对这些外部事件的反应。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Similarly相似地；D. Additionally此外。根据下文“the poet differs from regular people because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him and a deeper connection with his own feelings, moods and emotions as they arise in ____8____ to these outer happenings.”中的differ from可知，存在转折关系。故选B。 83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，诗人不同于普通人，因为他对周围发生的事情有更高的敏感度，并且与自己的感受、情绪和情感有着更深的联系，因为它们是对这些外部事件的反应。A. contrast对比；B. reference参考；C. response回复；D. parallel平行。根据上文“because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him”可知，他的敏感度更高，当他的情绪等更容易对外在的事物有反应。故选C。 84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯给诗歌下了一个著名的定义:“一种强烈感情的自然流露，在宁静中被回忆起来”。A. define下定义；B. dismiss不考虑、解雇；C. advertise做广告；D. impose推行。根据下文“a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which are recollected in tranquility”可知，这是对诗歌的定义。故选A。 85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，高度敏感的诗人能够体会到平凡生活的美好，能够捕捉到自己产生的情绪，最终能够坐在一个平静、平和的空间里，用他的想象力回忆这些情绪，并最终写出它们。A. arise出现；B. reflect反映；C. compose创作；D. release释放。根据上文的“capture his own emotions”可知，当情绪出现时，他会捕捉到这种情绪。故选A。 86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：华兹华斯坚持认为，“人类真正的语言”——普通的日常语言——应该用来写诗。A. belonged属于；B. clung抓住、坚持；C. appealed吸引、呼吁；D. headed前往。根据下文的“the “real language of men”– ordinary daily language – should be used to write poetry.”可知，这是他所坚守的信念。故选B。 87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，华兹华斯将这种普通的语言提炼为一种更纯粹的形式，而没有失去其简单的本质。A. lack缺乏；B. essence本质；C. obligation责任；D. decoration装饰。根据第二段“Wordsworth admired nature/countryside not only because it looked beautiful, but because of the simplicity and beauty that nature/countryside provided allowed people to be in ____2____ with their soul and experience true beauty in life.”可知，他崇尚的是一种简单，也就是他认为诗歌的本质是简单。故选B。 88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“自我崇高”是一个简单的概念，它指的是诗人自己对真善美的主观看法与他的作品极其相关。A. resistant抵抗的；B. attached附加的、依附于；C. compared相比之下；D. relevant相关的。根据下文“The poems they produce are ____14____ with their own imagination and perspective on how they perceive things around them. Wordsworth’s works are often said to be examples of the Egotistical Sublime since his own experience of things is what he believes to be everyone’s experience of things.”可知，他认为诗歌应该是有诗人自己的想象、看法和见解，所以他认为诗人的主观看法应该和自己的作品相关。短语be attached to附属于、与……息息相关。故选B。 89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们创作的诗歌充满了他们自己的想象力，以及他们对周围事物的看法。A. restricted限制；B. burdened负担；C. covered覆盖；D. filled填充。根据上文“The Egotistical Sublime(个人崇高) is a concept which simply means that a poet’s own subjective view of truth and beauty is extremely ____13____ to his work.”可知，诗人的作品应该有自己的主观看法，所以诗人的作品应该是充满了诗人的想象力。短语be filled with充满了……。故选D。 90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，我们可以肯定地说，那些把自我表达和敏感等思想放在心上的现代诗人，真正应该感谢华兹华斯的作品来强化如此简单而又如此具有革命性的思想。A. shift转变；B. owe归因于；C. add增加；D. channel频道。短语owe sth. to sth.把……归因于……、感谢……。根据“it’ll be safe to say those modern­day poets who hold ideas like self­expression and sensitivity”可知，这些人应该感谢华兹华斯的作品。故选B。 Passage 7 Feel Like You’re Falling Behind Your Peers? It’s never pleasant to lag behind others that we consider similar to ourselves. The conventional wisdom says to “stop competing with others and only compete with yourself”. But that’s easier said than done. With the rise of social media, it’s hard to avoid 91 of your colleagues’ accomplishments if you want to stay connected. But in fact that knowledge can have benefits. A recent study shows that it can become a source of 92 in both one’s work and life. So how can you take advantage of the positive benefits of competition without suffering from the insecurity it may 93 ? Track your triggers. The stress of feeling behind your peers can emerge in many 94 throughout the day. It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own. It’s vital to pay attention to the things that tend to cause you to compare yourself with others, because if you are 95 that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response. Shift to purposeful re-framing. Once you 96 the situations that provoke these negative feelings in you, you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure. But that’s rarely a(n) 97 or practical solution. For instance, you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues. A better approach is to 98 engage those feelings to your benefit. Instead of saying to yourself, “I wish I did that,” ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?” Then take some time to listen to what ideas emerge in your mind. 99 a personal strength to regain validation (认可). During the period of insecurity, you may start to consider how you can 100 others. Double down on your strengths and express them to the world. An executive coaching client of mine was heartbroken that his planned promotion this year was postponed due to the pandemic. He worried that his future 101 for promotion to this position would slowly disappear. To get out of his negative state, he decided to harness (利用) his writing talent. He 102 a thoughtful article for the company blog on how to effectively and positively lead others 103 the current crisis. Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance. This feedback, 104 , made him confident about his value. Any efforts in your career and life will 105 bring self-comparison and insecurity. But whenever you feel like you are falling behind others, you can use these strategies to regain your confidence and perform well in the competitions that genuinely matter to you. 91．A．evidence B．hints C．exchanges D．criticism 92．A．entertainment B．pride C．inspiration D．identity 93．A．suffer B．ensure C．breed D．seize 94．A．accents B．forms C．sizes D．cultures 95．A．aware B．glad C．relieved D．surprised 96．A．ignore B．seek C．report D．track 97．A．adaptive B．reasonable C．innovative D．diplomatic 98．A．deliberately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．effortlessly 99．A．Detect B．Reserve C．Qualify D．Exhibit 100．A．make use of B．catch up with C．give in to D．put up with 101．A．proposals B．prospects C．perspectives D．programs 102．A．copied B．reviewed C．composed D．quoted 103．A．to B．with C．through D．across 104．A．however B．besides C．for example D．in turn 105．A．inevitably B．sensitively C．unfortunately D．visibly 【答案】 91．A 92．C 93．C 94．B 95．A 96．D 97．B 98．A 99．D 100．B 101．B 102．C 103．C 104．D 105．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了就如何将竞争产生的不安转化为有利因素提出了几点建议。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着现代媒体的发展，如果你想保持联系的话，避免听到你的同事取得成就的事实是很难的。A. evidence事实，证据；B. hints暗示；C. exchanges相互交换；D. criticism批评。根据空格后的“of your colleagues’ accomplishments”可知，你的同事取得成就，这是事实。故选A。 92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查表明：了解同事的成就可以成为一个人工作和生活中的灵感来源。A. entertainment娱乐；B. pride自豪；C. inspiration灵感，激励；D. identity身份。根据上句“But in fact that knowledge can have benefits.”可知，了解同事的成就是有益的，这可以成为你工作生活的灵感来源，激励自己。故选C。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么如何利用竞争带来的积极因素而不受这种可能增长的不安全感。A. suffer受苦；B. ensure确保；C. breed繁殖，增长；D. seize抓住。根据“without suffering from the insecurity”可知，这种不安全感会随着竞争的加大而增长。故选C。 94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：感觉落后于同伴的压力可能整天以许多形式出现。A. accents口音；B. forms形式；C. sizes尺寸；D. cultures文化。根据下句“It might be hearing your boss compliment another colleague, or watching your colleagues leave their 9-5 job to build businesses of their own.”可知，可能听到老板在称赞另一位同事，或者看到你的同事离开朝9晚5的工作去创业时，你的压力就会产生，由此可知你的压力在一天以不同的形式而出现。故选B。 95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：注意引起你和别人产生比较的事情很重要，因为如果你意识到这些是诱因，你就能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。A. aware意识到的；B. glad高兴的；C. relieved减轻的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据本处“because if you are 5 that these are triggers, you can transform them into opportunities for a more productive response”可知，只有意识到这些是诱因，你才能将它们转换为机会去做出积极反应。再结合be aware that(意识到)，故选A。 96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你跟踪到引起你负面情绪的处境，你就可能停止引起你不安的行动。A. ignore忽略；B. seek寻找；C. report报告；D. track跟踪。根据下文“you may decide to quit any action that could cause you to feel insecure”可知，你要决定停止引起你不安的行动，首先要跟踪引起你负面情绪的处境。故选D。 97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是那是很少合理的或实用的解决方案。A. adaptive适应的；B. reasonable合理的；C. innovative创新的；D. diplomatic外交的。根据空格后“or practical solution”可知，空格处的词义和practical (实用的)词义接近。故选B。 98．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一种较好办法是故意将那些情绪加到你的利益中。A. deliberately故意地；B. extremely极度地；C. reluctantly勉强地；D. effortlessly毫不费力地。根据上句“you probably can’t avoid hearing what your boss says about you or your colleagues”和下文“ask yourself, “Why can’t I do that?””可知，你可能不能避免听到你的老板在说你和你的同事，因此你要将这些情绪故意地加到你的利益中，去激发自己，问问自己，“为什么我不能那样做？”。故选A。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：展示你的长处去被认可。A. Detect发现；B. Reserve储备；C. Qualify具有资格；D. Exhibit展览，展示。根据下文“Double down on your strengths and express them to the world.”加倍努力去表现你的强项。故选D。 100．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你感到不安全期间，你可能考虑如何赶上其他人。A. make use of利用；B. catch up with赶上；C. give in to屈服于；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“During the period of insecurity”可知，在感到不安全时，你就会思考如何赶上其他人。故选B。 101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他担心他未来提升到这个岗位的展望可能会逐渐消失。A. proposals提议；B. prospects展望；C. perspectives态度；D. programs节目。根据上文“his future”和下文“for promotion to this position”可知，这是对未来岗位升职的展望。故选B。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. copied复制；B. reviewed复习；C. composed撰写；D. quoted引用。根据空格后“a thoughtful article”可知，此处是撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章。故选C。 103．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他为公司博客撰写了一篇思虑周全的文章，这篇文章是关于如何有效地，积极地带领大家摆脱目前危机。A. to到；B. with和；C. through通过（障碍、阶段或测试）；D. across横过。根据空格后的“the current crisis”可知，此处指摆脱目前危机。故选C。 104．考查语境理解。句意：这种反馈反过来增强了他对自己价值的自信。A. however然而；B. besides此外；C. for example例如；D. in turn反过来。根据上句“Countless junior and senior colleagues expressed their gratitude for his honest and optimistic guidance.”可知，无数年轻和年长的同事都表达了他们对他真诚乐观指导的感激。由此可知，这种被他人认可反过来会提升他的自信。故选D。 105．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在你生活和工作中的任何努力都不可避免地带来自我比较和安。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. sensitively敏感地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. visibly明显地。根常识和据空格后“bring self-comparison and insecurity”可知，在生活中带来自我比较和不安是难以避免地。故选A。 Passage 8 If you're visiting Florence, Italy, you've got to see the world-famous Uffizi Gallery. But why? Because that's what   106 does in Florence? Because you feel it 107 to post a selfie in front of the Italian painter Sandro Botticelli's The Birth of Venus (《维纳斯的诞生》)? Those are obviously 108 reasons. We shouldn't go to places because they're world-famous; instead, we should go to fully 109 what makes them world-famous. But that requires a well-planned visit, not just following the 110 , taking pictures and then checking it off on your wish list. For example, you cannot visit the Statue of Liberty (自由女神像) at all without serious 111 . “On busy days, we're taking 25 , 000 people on the small island, and only 500 a day get to the statue,” said Michael Amato, the lead park ranger (管理人) for the Statue of Liberty National Monument. “Right now we're sold out until two months later.” So you need to check when the ticket is available 112 . Still, a lot can 113 before you actually go on the trip. “Keep yourself up to date,” said Jade McKellar, director of the visitor experience centre at the Sydney Opera House. “ 114 us on social media and sign up for our newsletter.” Even without a booking, visitors can often buy tickets for events that run 363 days a year. But like visiting many sites, a true visit means spending a full day, something a(n) 115 traveller might be unwilling to do. Another reason to set aside more time: visitors can check out the less famous but equally worthwhile—often beautifully complementary (互补的) sites 116 . Susan Greaney, a senior historian at English Heritage, who is in charge of Stonehenge (巨石阵), 117 a trip to the two history museums with Stonehenge-relevant exhibitions. Each of them is less than a 30-minute drive but likely to be 118 on a one-day tour of London. Of course, you can simply 119 the world-famous attraction. If you're 120 museums by the time you get to Florence, forget the Uffizi and take advantage of other things Florence offers. Don't worry about what your friends will think. 106．A．everybody B．somebody C．nobody D．another 107．A．free B．pleasant C．necessary D．possible 108．A．terrible B．odd C．vital D．similar 109．A．check B．appreciate C．possess D．control 110．A．example B．order C．advice D．crowd 111．A．testing B．planning C．meeting D．training 112．A．at a distance B．by chance C．in advance D．on time 113．A．expect B．come C．change D．improve 114．A．Support B．Observe C．Follow D．Inform 115．A．experienced B．rushed C．discouraged D．talented 116．A．home B．oversea C．nearby D．halfway 117．A．recommended B．designed C．extended D．canceled 118．A．covered B．found C．predicted D．missed 119．A．visit B．skip C．replace D．recognize 120．A．familiar with B．sick of C．used to D．attracted to 【答案】 106．A 107．C 108．A 109．B 110．D 111．B 112．C 113．C 114．C 115．B 116．C 117．A 118．D 119．B 120．B 【分析】这是一篇议论文。很多人到世界著名的景点只是为了拍自拍照发帖。作者提出真正的旅行者应该精心计划，留出充足的时间，这样才能领会旅行的真正意义。 106．考查代词词义辨析。句意：因为每个去(参观)佛罗伦萨的人都那么做吗? A. everybody 每个人；B. somebody 某人；C. nobody没有人；D. another 另一(个人)。根据上文的“the world-famous Uffizi Gallery”可知，因为乌菲齐美术馆举世闻名，因此每个去佛罗伦萨的人就觉得必须去那里。故选A项。 107．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为你觉得有必要在意大利画家桑德罗·波提切利的《维纳斯的诞生》前自拍，然后发帖吗? A. free免费的，自由的； B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. necessary必要的；D. possible可能的。根据上文的“the world-famous Uffizi Gallery”可知，乌菲齐美术馆举世闻名，觉得必须去那里拍一个自拍。故选C项。 108．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些显然是很糟糕的理由。A. terrible可怕的，糟糕的；B. odd奇怪的；C. vital至关重要的；D. similar相似的。根据下文“We shouldn't go to places because...we should go to...”可知，作者觉得前面两个理由是很不好的理由。故选A项。 109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：……相反，我们应该去充分领会是什么使它们闻名于世。A. check检查；B. appreciate欣赏，领会；C. possess拥有； D. control 控制。作者觉得应该去领会那些让它们举世闻名的东西。故选B项。 110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那需要一个精心计划的参观，而不仅仅是跟随着人群、拍照……。A. example例子；B. order命令；C. advice建议；D. crowd人群。上文提到“that requires a wel1-planned visit”，因此作者建议不要跟随人群参观。故选D项。 111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果没有认真的计划，你根本不能参观自由女神像。A. testing 测试；B. planning计划；C. meeting会议；D. training培训。根据下文 “On busy days, we're taking25 ,000 people on the small island, and only 500 a day get to the statue”可知，每天能参观自由女神像的游客数量有限，所以在去之前要仔细地计划。故选B项。 112．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：所以你需要提前查看什么时候有票。A.at a distance在远处；B.by chance偶然地；C.in advance提前；D. on time 准时。根据上文 “Right now we're sold out until two months later.”可知，必须提前查看什么时间有票。故选C项。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过在你真正出行之前，还是有很多事情可能会发生变化。A. expect 期待；B. come到来；C. change改变；D. improve改善。根据下文“Keep yourself up to date”可知，在出行前要不断了解最新信息，因为会有很多意想不到的变化。故选C项。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：悉尼歌剧院游客体验部主任杰德•麦凯勒(Jade McKellar)说“在社交媒体上关注我们，订阅我们的时事通讯。”A. Support支持； B. Observe观察； C. Follow跟随，密切注意，对……产生浓厚兴趣而关注；D. Inform告知。根据上文的“Keep yourself up to date”可知， Jade McKellar提醒关注他们的社交媒体。故选C项。 115．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是像参观很多景点一样，真正意义上的参观意味着(在那里)待一整天，而时间仓促的游客可能不愿意这样做。A. experienced有经验的；B. rushed 仓促的；C. discouraged丧气的；D. talented有才华的。此处与上文的“a true visit”意义上是相对的。故选B项。 116．考查副词词义辨析。句意：还有一个理由也值得你留出更多时间：游客常常会不去参观不那么著名却同样值得看的景点，它们通常是著名景点附近相映成趣的景观。A. home在家，在国内；B. oversea在海外；C. nearby在附近；D. halfway半路上。根据下文“Each of them is less than a 30-minute drive but likely to be ...”可知，这里指著名景点附近的景点。故选C项。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：负责巨石阵的英格兰遗产组织的高级历史学家Susan Greaney推荐了两个历史博物馆之旅,里面有与巨石阵有关的展览。A. recommended推荐；B. designed设计；C. extended扩展；D. canceled取消。根据下文“but likely to be 13 on a one-day tour from London”，这个景点很容易被错过，因此历史学家Susan Greaney推荐这一行程。故选A项。 118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个景点都不到半小时的车程，但在从伦敦出发的一日游中很可能被错过。A. covered覆盖；B. found发现；C. predicted 预测；D. missed错过。根据上文的but可知，这两个历史博物馆虽然很近，但有可能被游客错过。故选D项。 119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，你可以直接跳过世界闻名的景点。A. visit参观；B. skip跳过，略过；C. replace替换；D. recognize 识别。下文提到“If you're 15 museums...”如果你已经厌倦了参观博物馆，那么也可以不去这样的景点。故选B项。 120．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：如果你到佛罗伦萨的时候已经厌倦了博物馆，忘掉乌菲齐美术馆吧，好好享受佛罗伦萨提供的其他东西。A.be familiar with对……熟悉； B. be sick of 对……厌倦；C.be used to 习惯于；D.be attracted to被吸引。根据下文“forget the Uffizi and take advantage of other things Florence offers”可知，当你不想参观博物馆时，你可以欣赏佛罗伦萨其他的景点。故选B项。 第 1 页 共 32 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$