2024届山东省部分市高三下学期三模英语试题汇编：：阅读理解

山东省部分市 2024届高三下学期三模英语试题分类汇编 阅读理解 2024届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三模英语试题 一、阅读理解 National Geographic Film Concert: Secrets of the Whales This month, the Jack Singer Concert Hall will invite audiences into the underwater world of legendary photographer Brian Skerry and producer James Cameron in National Geographic Film Concert: Secrets of the Whales on May 26-28. With none other than Jann Arden, celebrated musician, actor and author, as a guest commentator guiding audiences into the complex and fascinating families, culture, and play that reveal the secret lives of whales, the whole experience is brought to life by a full orchestra (管弦乐队) and world-class conductor Anthony Parnther. Called “visually appealing” by The New York Times, this concert presentation brings the most powerful moments of the Emmy-winning Disney+ series together, transporting audiences into the lives of five different whale families as they adapt to ecological changes to their habitats. “Secrets of the Whales was the most ambitious project of my career as a photographer. If we could see the ocean and our planet through the lens (镜头) of the culture of another species, that could change our view of the natural world and our relation to it,” says Skerry. “Those connections, the communities and the cultures the whales share all mirror human culture, but sometimes we forget about that.” Brian Skerry has spent nearly four decades exploring and documenting the world’s oceans. He spent more than three years in 24 locations shooting footage for the four-part series Secrets of the Whales. Now, with the most powerful moments selected, the documentary has been edited for this live, two-hour concert performance. Projected on a high-definition screen, the rich filmography and sweeping score is brought to life by a 40-piece orchestra. Join Arts Commons Presents for this worldwide event, in the Jack Singer Concert Hall al Arts Commons. Get your tickets today at artscommons.ca/whales. 1．What will Jann Arden act as in the film concert? A．Explainer. B．Musician. C．Conductor. D．Director. 2．What is the project aimed at? A．Advertising the concert. B．Researching human culture. C．Protecting animals’ habitats. D．Understanding nature better. 3．How long did Skerry spend filming the documentary? A．Two hours. B．Four days. C．Over three years. D．About four decades. College professors these days face an ever-higher bar to grab the attention of their students, forced to compete with the appeal of smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier. Tatiana Erukhimova, who leaches physics at Texas A&M University, has managed to get her students, as well as future generations, excited about the science. Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm. Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have got hundreds of millions of views across TikTok and other social media platforms. Her department’s YouTube page has about 2.5 million subscribers, an ineredible following even overshadowing the well-known Aggie athletics program. She credits the university marketing team’s videos of her lessons for her social media success. In the kid-friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. The sooner kids are taught physics and taught it well, the better, she suggests. It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. The key, she explains, has been to make herself approachable and her instruction personal. She’s earned more than just recognition on social media. In February, she was honored with a national award for science outreach “for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs, ”including the well-attended annual TAMU Physics and Engineering Festival and the highly popular physics videos on social media. All Erukhimova says she can hope for is making physics less discouraging, and more exciting. “What will they remember 10, 15 years, 20 years later?” she wonders. “If they remember my class, I could not ask for a better reward.” 4．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Students perform worse than expected. B．Colleges need more professional teachers. C．Digital devices should be banned on campus. D．Internet celebrity professors are more favored. 5．What does Dr. Tatiana owe her online success to? A．Her love for teaching. B．Her school’s promotion. C．Her followers’ support. D．Her talent for performing. 6．How does Dr. Tatiana make physics interesting for young minds? A．By encouraging hands-on experiments. B．By adopting a down-to-earth teaching style. C．By motivating young learners’ curiosity. D．By possessing professional physics knowledge. 7．Which of the following can best describe Dr. Tatiana? A．Brave and resourceful. B．Optimistic and devoted. C．Sociable and humorous. D．Passionate and creative. The color blue is very rare in nature, with fewer than one in 10 plants sporting the common human favorite. To present this color, they have to perform tricks to make themselves blue to the human eyes. In some lowers like bluebells, it primarily occurs when naturally occurring pigments (色素) are mixed the way you can mix different paints to change the color. For blueberries, the blue comes on the naturally produced thin layer of wax (蜡) on their skin, which often serves as a self-cleaning coating or for added protection in the plant kingdom. “The blue of most fruits is in their pigmented juices. That isn’t the case with blueberries,” says Rox Middleton, co-author of a study published in Science Advances. In the study, Middleton and his team examined the wax of a blueberry using an electron microscope. They found that the layer of wax is composed of tiny structures that work by scattering (散射) blue and UV light from the sun, while absorbing most of other colors of light. The arrangement makes the berries appear blue to humans and blue-UV to birds and other species that can see UV light, despite not having blue pigments in the waxy skin itself. To look closer, they removed the outer wax and reshaped it on a black card. They created a new blue-UV coating and removed a very thin substance that creates color called a colorant from the skin. “The colorants scatter blue and UV, letting the other colors pass through without absorption,” says Middleton. “That’s why it’s so important that there are dark pigments underneath to ‘mop up’ the rest of the light. If there was a bright pigment or white scattering material underneath, that light would come through, and the color would look mixed or washed out.” The study does show that nature has developed a “really neat trick” in the form of a very thin layer for an important colorant. Reproducing this colorant in the lab could make a way for new methods of creating pigments. 8．How do bluebells present blue to humans? A．By blocking natural light. B．By combining the pigments. C．By changing the outer colour. D．By producing various paints. 9．What did Middleton’s team discover about the wax layer on blueberries? A．Its colorful pigments. B．Its internal mechanism. C．Its chemical changes. D．Its unique components. 10．Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “mop up” in paragraph 4? A．Mix. B．Reflect. C．Recognize. D．Absorb. 11．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Science Behind Plant Colors B．The Invisible Pigments Of Blueberries C．Technically, Blueberries Aren’t Blue D．Indeed, Color Blue Is Human Favorite In recent years, much of my life as a consumer has shifted to what I like to call background spending as I`ve subscribed to more apps and streaming platforms. While this explosion of subscriptions was sold to me on the idea that it would make my life more convenient, there was a certain sticker shock I felt upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month—after I’d already spent it, of course. You see, the thing about background spending is that it tends to happen, well, in the background without your full attention. And there lies the point. “Hand over your credit card details and let us take care of the rest,” these companies promise us. But by agreeing to this trade, we’ve become passive consumers who are allowing the balance of capital to tilt(倾斜)away from us. It’s understandable why this model of subscription service is so inviting for businesses. Subscriptions offer the promise of “selling once and earning forever.” And while subscription services have been around for decades, more customers have been willing to sign up thanks to the popularization of smartphones. But while these subscriptions promise ease and happiness, not all of us are satisfied. Last year, C+R Research asked 1,000 people to estimate how much they pay for their subscriptions before having them figure out this spending. They found the average monthly spend was more than 2.5 times of that people guessed. If we’re going to rebalance the wheels of capital just a little, we could support a recently proposed rule from the Federal Trade Commission(FTC). In March, the agency suggested a “click to cancel” item that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one. Additionally, businesses would need to remind subscribers annually about their membership before these are automatically renewed. If all that doesn’t work, I have another idea: an app designed to keep track of your various subscriptions and background spending. Oh wait, those already exist— for a reoccurring fee, of course. 12．What does subscribing to more apps bring about to the author? A．Data leak. B．Overloaded phones. C．Cost increase. D．Unwilling purchases. 13．What can we learn about the subscription service from paragraph 3? A．It is business friendly. B．It guarantees customer satisfaction. C．It is specially customized. D．It encourages reasonable consumption. 14．What does FTC advise businesses to do? A．Text sign-up reminders. B．Lower subscription spending. C．Set automatic renewal mode. D．Simplify canceling procedures. 15．How does the author feel about background spending? A．Powerless. B．Dismissive. C．Appreciative. D．Tolerant. 2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题 一、阅读理解 The Amazon The Amazon River, the basin of which covers 2.3 million square miles, is incredibly biodiverse with over 30,000 species of plants and 1,800 species of birds. It plays an important role in adjusting the climate in North and South America. The River and its forests are threatened by human activity, primary pollution and rapid resource depletion (损耗). The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats. The Mississippi The Mississippi rises in western Minnesota and flows south for 2,530 miles into the Gulf of Mexico. Millions of people in over 50 cities use water from the Mississippi, and the river is also used for shipping and agriculture. Hundreds of animal species, including 60% of North America’s birds, call the area around the Mississippi River home, but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them. Fortunately, many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation. The Danube The Danube River begins in western Germany, flowing over 1,775 miles into the Black Sea. It spans 19 countries. The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem, hosting 55 different species of fish. Cities across Europe use the Danube for power generation and agriculture, and there are more than 700 dams in total. Unfortunately, this river is overfished and heavily polluted. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation. The Mekong The Mekong River is a necessary part of Southeast Asia’s landscape, culture, and economy. Also called the Lancang River, it starts in China, stretching over 2,850 miles through Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Its basin provides more than 65 million people with food, drinking water, power, and transportation. Dams and power plants are harming Mekong’s ecosystems. Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development. 1．Birds are affected most around________. A．The Amazon B．The Mississippi C．The Danube D．The Mekong 2．How many fish species does the Danube host? A．70. B．65. C．55. D．50. 3．What do that four rivers have in common? A．They contribute to power production. B．They How through multiple countries. C．They are troubled by dam constructions. D．They are under protection of organizations. Are your keys not in the spot you thought you left them? Can’t recall the title of a book? I’ve had those moments. Such instances of “brain freeze” remind us that we should do everything in our power to keep our brains sharp. A new study finds Tai Chi study can help slow cognitive (认知的) decline and protect against dementia (痴呆). The study included about 300 older adults, in their mid-70s on average, who had all reported that their memory was not as good as it used to be. As part of the study, all the participants took a 10-mirrute test called the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A normal score is 26-30. A person who scores between 18 and 25 is considered to have mild impairment (损害), which means they don’t have dementia but they’re not as sharp as they used to be and may need to work harder to maintain everyday activities. Once their score drops under 18, people experience quite a bit of impairment from memory loss and cognitive decline. The average score of participant s at the start of the study was 25. The study found that people who practiced a simplified form of Tai Chi twice a week for about six months improved their score by 1.5 points, meaning that they’re going to get three extra years before they hit that decline into dementia. Researchers also tested a more stricter type of Tai Chi, called Cognitively Enhanced Tai Chi, where they provided extra challenges. For example, participants were asked to spell a word, backward and forward, as they moved through a series of Tai Chi moves. The people who practice this type of cognitively enhanced Tai Chi improved their scores by about 3 points, meaning they are given six extra years of cognitive function. The theory on why Tai Chi is effective is that it combines the memorization of the movements, known as forms, almost like composing dancing moves. 4．Why are two questions raised in the first paragraph? A．To present the author’s doubts. B．To expect answers from readers. C．To analyze the causes of forgetfulness. D．To introduce the main topic of the text. 5．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Cognitive assessment methods. B．The process of running the test. C．Cognitive measurement criteria. D．The test results of the participants. 6．What does the pre-best average score of the participants imply? A．Most of them suffer from, dementia. B．They remain as quick-minded as before. C．Many of them have slight cognitive decline. D．They can protect themselves against dementia. 7．Why does Tai Chi have a positive impact? A．It helps resolve challenges. B．It involves mind-body movements. C．It puts off cognitive decline by three years. D．It improves the participants academic level. The ocean is home to more than 200,000 known species and as many as 2 million that we have yet to discover. And, it is also home to 24.4 trillion pieces of microplastics. In 2022, researchers spotlighted how bad marine microplastic pollution, is getting: The total amount of microplastics on the bottom of oceans has greatly increased. in the past two decades. Microplastic particles don’t just end up at the bottom of the ocean. Animals are eating them — at least 1,500 species have been reported to ingest plastic. And a lot of it. For example, whales in New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf consume roughly three million microplastics daily, according to research published in Science of the Total Environment, which analyzed whale waste to see how much microplastics were present. “Other research has shown that if plastics are small enough, they can cross the gut(肠道) wall and get into internal organs though the long-term effects are still unclear. Plastics can also release chemicals that are harmful to digestive system,” says Kahane-Rapport. “This is concerning, and while we do not yet understand the long-term health-effects, it is likely not a good sign for whales and their prey(猎物) to eat a man-made material like plastic.” This is obviously bad for whales, but it also has effects on humans and the ocean at large. We are also part of these food chains and are consuming microplastics regularly. They are in our bottled water, in our table salt — they are even in our house dust and in the air we breathe. And we still don’t know what the health effects are. Meanwhile, the impact on whales — and what it indicates — is troubling on many fronts. “Whales are ecosystem engineers,” says Kahane-Rapport. “They can spread the nutrients that they consumed and serve as ecosystem guards — when whales are not healthy, other parts of the system will suffer.” Kahane-Rapport says more research is needed. “The next research step will be to determine how much plastic the whales excrete(排出) and how much is left in their bodies. Following that, we would be able to determine the direct health effects on their tissues.” 8．What does the underlined word “ingest” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Deal with. B．Bring up. C．Take in. D．Spread out. 9．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Researches show contradictory results. B．Digestive system is the most affected part. C．Small plastics are more harmful than big ones. D．Much about microplastics’ harm remains unclear. 10．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The various sources of pollution. B．Tab chain reaction of microplastics. C．Possible solutions to plastic pollution. D．Growing awareness of ocean protection 11．What will the following research focus on? A．Microplastic pollution to the ocean bottom B．The sufferings of other ocean creatures. C．Whales’ contributions to the ecosystem. D．The amount of plastic in whales bodies. Off Australia’s northern coast, the remains of ancient coral reefs (珊瑚礁) form the bedrock of wooded islands, which are home to diverse animals and plants, including mangrove (红树林) forests that blanket their coasts and serve as vital habitats and carbon storers. A recent survey shows that expanding seas might have led to a massive mangrove increase, researchers report November 1 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Mangroves absorb carbon dioxide and store it as “blue carbon”, a term for carbon that is hidden away in ocean environments. “There’s a lot of interest in using mangrove blue carbon to lessen climate change,” says Kerrylee Rogers, an environmental scientist at the University of Wollongong in Australia. But there remain a lot of questions around their capacity to adapt to sea level rise. In 2021,a team led by Wollongong environmental scientist Sarah Hamylton visited the Howick Islands to do a related research. They walked through the seawater to assess the plant diversity and measure individual trees. Using the measured widths and heights of several mangroves, the team calculated tree widths for the rest of the forest from the data to estimate the total mangrove quantity. The islands host nearly 54,000 metric tons of mangroves, the team estimates, which is roughly 10,000 more metric tons than there was in 1973. The Howick Islands are uniquely suited to supporting mangroves as the ocean rises. At the end of the Last  Glacial Maximum, around 12,000 years ago, water levels rose around northern Australia, and coral reefs grew  upward to fill the space that had opened for them. When sea levels fell thousands of years later, the exposed reefs became sediment (沉积物). With sea levels now rising again, the mixture of saltwater and sediment makes a perfect home for the salt-tolerant mangroves. Rogers and Hamylton are now working on a bigger effort to study mangoves around Australia. “If we’re going to invest in mangroves to provide us blue carbon and to protect shorelines, we need to understand how dynamic they are,” Rogers says. 12．What can be known about blue carbon? A．It is produced by ocean water. B．It is massively present in the air. C．It is friendly environment. D．It is nutritious for mangroves. 13．What is the purpose of Hamylton’s research? A．To measure the size of mangroves. B．To figure out where to plant mangroves. C．To confirm whether local natural environment is polluted. D．To see how the mangroves respond to sea level rise. 14．What makes the Howick Islands the suitable habitats for mangroves? A．The diversity of ocean life. B．The increase of coral reefs. C．The combination of salt water and sediment. D．The formation of the bedrock of wooded islands. 15．What is the suitable title of the text? A．Climate Change Causes Sea Level Rise B．Sea Level Rise Helps Mangroves Boost C．Environment on Australia Islands Is Improving D．Climate Warming Poses Dangers To Mangroves 2024届山东省济宁市高三下学期三模英语试题 一、阅读理解 & Juliet Musical on Broadway She’s stronger than yesterday! Following a successful three-year run in London’s West End, the pop musical Juliet is now on Broadway with nine Tony Award nominations, including Best Musical. What is & Juliet about? It kicks off nearly where Romeo & Juliet left off: right before Juliet’s death. This isn’t a retelling of Shakespeare’s tragedy, though. It’s a whole new story in which Juliet decides losing Romeo doesn’t mean she should die. Instead, she goes on a journey of self-discovery to Paris. Accompanied by her friends, including some characters from the original play, like the nurse, as well as new characters, like her friends Francois and May, she goes to parties, makes new friends, and sees what the world has to offer beyond the walls of Verona. What songs are in & Juliet? You may listen to top 40 radio, but you’ve never heard your favorite songs like this. & Juliet has one new song, but the show mostly includes existing popular music. All 30 pop songs in & Juliet were written or co-written by Max Martin, who’s behind the hits of stars like Britney Spears, Katy Perry, and The Backstreet Boys. Anyone who grew up with, or just knows all the words to, hits from the 90s through today will relive their teenage dreams at this show. More information about & Juliet Since having its world premiere (首映) in 2019 in London’s West End, & Juliet made its North American debut in Toronto and also its Australian premiere in Melbourne in February 2023. Pick your tickets 1．What happens to Juliet in the musical? A．She follows Romeo’s footsteps. B．She starts a new chapter. C．She returns to Verona. D．She travels globally. 2．What can we learn about the songs in the musical? A．They feature classical styles. B．They reflect teenage dreams. C．They are originally composed. D．They are created by a master. 3．On which day are tickets still available? A．May 7. B．May 20. C．May 26. D．May 30. James Rainey reads trees like most people read signposts. The senior ecologist is using a small hand camera to identify a lichen (地衣) that is surrounding the base of wild pines (松树) in a deep narrow valley on the west coast of Scotland. He is looking for ecological clues of species associated with the ancient Caledonian Forest, which once covered most of the Highlands. Wild pines have been growing in Scotland continuously since the ice age, offering a globally unique ecosystem supporting rare wildlife. But now less than 2% of the original growth survives, with just 14 individual Caledonian pinewood sites now officially recognized. “To meet the demand for more wood, many wild pines in Highlands have been removed to make room for commercial forestry,” says Rainey. “This was often done in ancient woodlands and was really damaging to the remaining trees.” But restoration is still possible, especially since some old trees still survive along with the ancient woodland soil and seedbank—seeds stored in the soil, which can grow once the heavy shade of commercial conifers (针叶树) is removed. The ecological investigator uses three clues of evidence to discover where these pinewoods first stood. “First there’s the historical evidence, like old maps and texts. Then comes the landscape context: is the pine associated with planting around a big house, or is the setting more natural? And finally I use the ecological evidence: wild pine usually grow alongside old birch trees, which indicates ecological continuity,” explains Rainey. Rainey has identified 23 pines in this area, all rooted in places least accessible. Their needles have been taken for genetic testing to confirm their family trees. “This would have been filled with trees but is now empty — these are the most critical areas in need of regeneration and we want the whole of the ancient woodlands to recover, not just the pines,” he said. 4．Why are the wild pines considered to be so significant? A．They act as a signpost for the highland. B．They are an indicator of an ancient forest. C．They are an alternative to commercial forestry. D．They provide a shelter for certain species of lichen. 5．What is essential for the restoration of ancient pinewoods? A．The existence of ancient seeds. B．The presence of commercial conifers. C．The awareness of the forest protection. D．The application of the advanced technology. 6．How does Rainey determine the original location of the pinewoods? A．By locating big houses. B．By consulting historians. C．By referring to digital maps. D．By making the most of surroundings. 7．What is the ultimate Rainey’s goal? A．To confirm the genes of the pine. B．To restore the old-growth woodlands. C．To explore the unfrequented places. D．To enrich the diversity of the wild pines. A new data crowdsourcing platform, an initiative led by Dr. Ioanna Sitaridou at Cambridge University, who has been studying Romeyka for the last 16 years, aims to preserve the sound of Romeyka, an endangered millennia-old variety of Greek. Experts consider the language to be a linguistic (语言的) goldmine and a living bridge to the ancient world. Romeyka, which does not have a writing system and has been transmitted only in spoken form, is thought to have only a couple of thousand native speakers left in Turkey’s Trabzon region. Extensive contact with Turkish, the absence of support systems to facilitate intergenerational transmission, and migration have all taken their toll on Romeyka. A large majority of native speakers in Trabzon are over 65 years of age and fewer young people are learning the language. The newly launched Crowdsourcing Romeyka platform invites members of the public from anywhere in the world to upload audio recordings of Romeyka being spoken. “Speech crowdsourcing is a new tool which helps speakers build a database of spoken materials for their endangered languages, allows researchers to document these languages, and motivates speakers to appreciate their own linguistic heritage (遗产). At the same time, by preserving their language, it can help speakers achieve acknowledgement of their identity from people outside of their speech community,” said Dr. Sitaridou. The innovative tool is designed by a Harvard undergraduate in Computer Science, Mr Matthew Nazari, himself a heritage speaker of Romeyka. Together they hope that this new tool will pave the way for the production of language materials in a naturalistic learning environment away from the classroom, but based instead around everyday use and community. By engaging with local communities, particularly female speakers, Sitaridou has gathered the largest collection of audio and video data in existence and amounting to more than 29GB of sourced data, and has authored 21 peer-reviewed publications. A YouTube film about Sitaridou’s fieldwork has received 723,000 views to-date. 8．Why is it necessary to preserve Romeyka? A．It is a variety of Greek. B．It has a unique writing system. C．It can generate commercial value. D．It can strengthen the bond with the past. 9．Which can replace the underlined phrase “taken their toll on” in paragraph 2? A．Had a negative influence on. B．Taken full advantage of. C．Played a leading role in. D．Thrown new light on. 10．What does paragraph 3 want to stress about the platform? A．Its prospect. B．Its originality. C．Its significance. D．Its limitation. 11．Which can best describe Dr. Sitaridou’s work? A．Conventional. B．Eventful. C．Fruitful. D．Debatable. Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect). The Ziegarnik effect was first observed by a Russian psychologist named Bluma Zeigarnik. While sitting in a busy restaurant in Vienna, Ziegarnik noted that the waiters had better memories of unpaid orders. Once the bill was paid, however, the waiters had trouble remembering the exact details of the orders. Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks. We are living in an information explosion era, and we need mental tricks to help us remember a great deal of information. The Zeigarnik effect serves as a prime example. We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. The Zeigarnik effect tells us a lot about how memory works and you can use the Zeigarnik effect to your advantage. If you are struggling to memorize something important, momentary interruptions might work to your advantage. Rather than simply repeating the information, review it a few times, and then take a break. Nevertheless, leaving too many tasks unfinished can lead to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety. Therefore, it’s crucial to use this effect wisely in practical applications. 12．What is the typical characteristic of the Z-effect? A．Tending to memorize unfinished tasks. B．Trying to finish various tasks at a time. C．Performing terribly during a task. D．Suspending an uncompleted task. 13．What is the function of paragraph 3? A．To classify a concept. B．To provide further evidence. C．To stress the experiment’s complexity. D．To add some background information. 14．Which is a practical application of the Z-effect? A．Reading a whole story in one breath. B．Producing a drama with unexpected endings. C．Keeping several windows open on your computer. D．Airing ads during the suspenseful moments in a TV series. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Z-Effect: How Interruptions Enhance Memory B．The Z-Effect: How to Boost Recall of Finished Tasks C．The Power of Completing Tasks Ahead of Schedule D．The Tricks of Developing Long-term Memory 2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期三模英语试题 一、阅读理解 Tracks Through Time: Four Stunning UK Train Journeys The United Kingdom is rightly celebrated as the birthplace of the railway. And there’s no better way to see it than sitting by the window in a train. Glasgow to Mallaig Considered by some to be the most scenic railway line in the world, this line takes passengers from the bustling city of Glasgow through Scotland’s wild western highlands to the remote port of Mallaig. Immerse yourself in unforgettable scenery on this journey, and don’t forget to look out for Ben Nevis! The Caledonian Sleeper Passengers can enjoy falling asleep to the rhythm of the train on leaving London, then waking up to the serene beauty of the Highlands at dawn right outside your window. Take a trip back in time with all the modern amenities you could want with this iconic train journey! The Cambrian Line Wales, with its dramatic landscapes, historic sites and inspiring vistas, offers some magical train journeys to be found in the UK. And perhaps the jewel in the Welsh crown is the Cambrian Line, which weaves its way through Mid Wales to the coast. The route begins in Shrewsbury in England and is famed for its scenery. The Settle-Carlisle Line No article on iconic United Kingdom train journeys would be complete without this incredible train line. Opened in 1876, the 73-mile long route takes the traveller from Settle Junction in North Yorkshire to Carlisle in Cumbria. Threatened with closure in the 1980s, the line was saved thanks to the efforts of rail lovers, and passenger numbers have gone from strength to strength. 1．Which place should you go to if you want to visit a harbor? A．Glasgow. B．Mallaig. C．Western highlands. D．Ben Nevis. 2．What can you do by taking the Cambrian Line? A．Pick up some precious jewels. B．Weave magic to enjoy the route. C．Have a sound and comfortable sleep. D．Appreciate fantastic views in Wales. 3．Which line was once in danger of being shut? A．Glasgow to Mallaig. B．The Caledonian Sleeper. C．The Cambrian Line. D．The Settle Carlisle Line. I have a tea problem, drinking far too much since my teens. The addiction is bad, though cheap as addictions go. My excuse is that there are so many problems to which a cup of tea is the answer. Who doesn’t think it’s a lifesaver right now, as the dark falls and the cold follows? Luckily, I needn’t be ashamed of my dependence on tea any longer — in fact, I should be proud. Because a new study by Professor Francisca Antman, an economist at the University of Colorado Boulder, shows widespread adoption of tea-drinking in late 18th-century England wasn’t just central to the development of our national culture, it actually saved lives. In 1784, the Commutation Act dramatically cut the tea tax from 119% to 12.5%. Soon even peasants were drinking two cups of tea a day, with tea imports increasing six times between 1761 and 1834. What does a cup of tea need apart from tea leaves? Boiled water —which meant much healthier water in an era when people didn’t know dirty water spread disease. Plus, at the time tea was cheaper than beer, the other source of disease-free drink. Death rates fell from 28 to 23 per 1,000 people over that same period. The role of tea imports was confirmed by drops in deaths from diseases carried by water. Improvements were greatest in areas of lower water quality. And there was economic development, allowing the gathering together of people in the factory towns of the Industrial Revolution. This all happened by accident, in a period in which public health protection didn’t much exist. It is surprising how a social custom could have such a big impact on the course of history. Anyway, I’m off to put the k ettle on. 4．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward drınking tea? A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Conservative. 5．Why did the death rates drop? A．The government canceled the tea tax. B．The tea was the cheapest drink. C．The boiled tea water was cleaner. D．The British preferred to drink tea. 6．Which of the places might benefit most from drinking tea in history? A．Tea growing areas. B．Dirty communities. C．Mountain areas. D．Towns rich in water. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Unexpected Lifesaver B．A Modern Trend in Tea Drinking C．The Origins of Tea Addiction D．The Impacts of Tea Export People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people. Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monument s and other symbols. Cultural memory is often amassed in objects, such as museums or historical monuments. To understand culture, humans access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from. Libraries and the Internet keep a seemingly boundless amount of data on what it means to be part of a culture. Cultural memory is the longest-lasting form of memory. Like all forms of memory, cultural memory has important functions. For example, it makes the experiences a nation owns clear. It provides us with an understanding of the past and the values of the group to which we belong. Besides, it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members. The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in Word War Ⅱ- in which tens of millions of Russians were killed — is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups. The main function of cultural memory is not to recall the past, whether it be good or bad. Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again. Cultural memory enables people to adapt to their culture; it enables cultures to adapt to new circumstances by keeping traces of what worked in the past. 8．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．Reporting a discovery of cultural memory. B．Leading to the concept of cultural memory. C．Introducing the importance of memory in identity. D．Making a connection between memory and culture. 9．Which can replace the underlined word “amassed” in paragraph 2? A．Accumulated B．Overlooked. C．Evaluated. D．Created. 10．Russia is mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate ______. A．the features of cultural memory B．the formation of cultural memory C．the role of big events in Russian identity D．the impact of cultural memory on identity 11．What is cultural memory mainly expected to do? A．Pass previous wisdom down. B．Keep traces of history. C．Get people to know about the past. D．Remind people of their identity. Contrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight, or a stroke, for example, say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University. Writing in eLife, Professors Tamar Makin (Cambridge)and John Krakauer (Johns Hopkins) argue that the belief that the brain, in response to injury or deficit, can reorganise itself and repurpose particular regions for new functions, is fundamentally incorrect-despite being commonly cited in scientific textbooks. Instead, they argue that what is occurring is merely the brain being trained to use already existing but possible abilities. In their article, Makin and Krakauer look at ten pioneering studies that aim to show the brain’s ability to reorganise. They argue, however, that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change, it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth. Examining other studies, Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist. Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches, they argue. Makin added: “This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity. There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey. The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality. It’s a slow, gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice. Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.” “So many times, the brain’s ability to rewire has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists, we don’t believe in magic. These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training, not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources.” They said. 12．What is a common misunderstanding of the brain’s function? A．The brain can be trained. B．The brain can compensate-blindness. C．The brain can rewire itself. D．The brain can react to sudden diseases. 13．Why are the related studies mentioned in the text? A．To tell the limits of brain plasticity. B．To analyze the structure of the brain. C．To find productive research methods. D．To explore the new functions of the brain. 14．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The realistic expectations for patients. B．Supporting evidence for the research results. C．Further explanations of the medical strategies. D．The medical significance of the new finding. 15．What will Makin and Krakauer suggest people do? A．Make the impossible possible. B．Reassign the brain’s resources flexibly. C．Try to develop the brain’s possible ability. D．Use the magic to accomplish difficult tasks. 2024届山东省济南市高三下学期三模英语试题 一、阅读理解 Welcome to the hands-down Big 5 game reserve in South Africa. Volunteering in our camp in the African bush is definitely a rewarding and convenient way to help you gain a sense of devotion and satisfaction with no extra material rewards. Why to join It’s a once-in-a-lifetime experience, where you get to give back to the natural environment and the local community. It not only is an extremely satisfying feeling when you know that you’ve helped to protect this incredible part of the world for generations to come, but enables you to gain invaluable skills and knowledge in conservation. Requirements Priority will be given to those candidates with great patience and devotion. Rich experience for wildlife conservation as well as a certificate in wildlife protection is not necessarily important. Refusal goes to animal abusers. What to expect Working alongside trained forest protectors, conservation staff and other volunteers from Monday to Friday (8: 30 a. m. —4: 30 p. m.), you’re expected to help with fence guards to keep animals safe from poachers (偷猎者), feed animals, and even help catch animals for medical treatment. During term-time, you may also work with the local community, delivering meals with nutrition to local children.Entertainment After work, you’ll have plenty of time to relax on the reserve. Be bathed in the sun by the reserve’s pool, play a few rounds of tennis or relax in the common room with your new friends. The program contains various overnight short-distance journeys in the surrounding areas such as Port Elizabeth, Jeffreys Bay and Grahamstown, where you can go hiking, windsurfing, whale-watching, horse-riding and much more. 1．What will participants acquire in the program? A．Survival skills in wilderness. B．Knowledge of wildlife protection. C．Certificates of animal conservation. D．Experience in community management. 2．What should a volunteer do in the camp? A．Give food to animals. B．Keep animals in cages. C．Study diseases of animals. D．Train animals for research. 3．What is an advantage of volunteering in the camp? A．Material rewards are plentiful. B．Accommodations are top-class. C．Flexible working hours are allowed. D．Recreational activities are provided. Over 40 students with low vision study at a school in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. It was designed by Anand Sonecha, founder of an architecture company. Featuring a bright yellow entrance door, which stands out against the white walls, the school is decorated with a variety of sweet-smelling plants everywhere. Inside the classrooms, the walls feel smooth in contrast to the rough outside of the building. These all help students familiarize themselves with the area straightforwardly, without any trouble. The school provides an open space serving as a platform for the visually-challenged students to play, perform, or celebrate festivals and the students are easy to orient themselves according to the sound, smell, sight and touch. “The idea behind the design was to make the school more accessible to the students,” Sonecha says, “They come from remote villages and towns in Gujarat, and I am eager to help them.” During the construction, Sonecha used contrasting colors so that students could easily distinguish between the elements. Blue was used for all classroom doors, yellow for the entrance gate, black for switch buttons, and yellow and green for the furniture. All these colors contrasted with the white walls of the school, helping the students locate different elements. Different areas are of different height and width, which makes the sounds and noises change according to the echo (回音) produced in these spaces. Furthermore, he cooperated with fellow landscape architect Lokendra Balasaria to plant more than 1, 000 plants of 37 species. These sweet plants have been grown not only to lead the children to move in the school through smell but also to attract butterflies and birds, and provide shade. “The structure of the building is designed similarly to any other school building, only with a few clever elements. My intention was to avoid making it look distinct from other schools,” Sonecha explains, “I hope that there are no different schools for such students. Instead, all these elements should be added to public spaces for them. And my follow-up efforts may be there.” 4．Why did Sonecha design the school in Gandhinagar? A．To explore architecture styles. B．To raise funds for his company. C．To offer convenience to the students. D．To improve students’ learning ability. 5．What does the underlined word “orient” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Relax. B．Waken. C．Cheer. D．Direct. 6．How does the school help students perform daily routine? A．By expanding activity areas. B．By stimulating multiple senses. C．By offering behavioral guidelines. D．By strengthening safety measures. 7．What will Sonecha probably do in the future? A．Promote accessibility in the public regions. B．Modernize architecture with smart devices. C．Build special schools for disabled students. D．Decorate schools with traditional elements. Language gives us the power to describe countless actions, properties and relations that compose our experiences, real or imagined. As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role. People can’t bridge language gap and understand each other without iconicity. When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity. According to our research, iconicity might also exist in our voices. We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options. Critically, the sounds that contestants submitted couldn’t include actual words or onomatopoeias (拟声词) . Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds? Later, an Internet survey translated into 25 different languages was carried out. Participants listened to each sound from the English speakers and guessed the meaning by choosing from six written words. Guessing accuracy for the different groups ranged from 74 percent for English speakers to 34 percent for Portuguese speakers. It is far from perfect, but well above the chance rate of eight percent expected by us. Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground. 8．Which of the following can explain “iconicity” ? A．A skill in foreign language learning. B．The process of acting out our meanings. C．The connection between form and meaning. D．A barrier between different language speakers. 9．What can we know about the contest? A．It required sounds containing meanings. B．Its winners were creative in recordings. C．It aimed to prove iconicity in words. D．Its entries were familiar to listeners. 10．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? A．English pronunciations differ. B．The research has a limitation. C．The cultural gap is narrowing. D．Listening skills vary in cultures. 11．What is the significance of the research? A．Clarifying the influence of sounds. B．Proving the necessity of exchanges. C．Uncovering the origin of languages. D．Identifying the function of gestures. Many of us remember the feeling of having our braces (牙套) regularly adjusted and retightened at the dentist’s. And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error, which can lead to too many visits to the dentist’s. Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations (模拟) of an individual patient’s jaw, which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient’s teeth and plan the best possible treatment. To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth. This type of precise digital simulation is referred to as a digital twin, a virtual model that lives in the cloud. The virtual model can answer what’s happening in the real world, and do so instantly. For example, one can ask what would happen if you pushed on one tooth and get answers with regards to where it would move and how it would affect other teeth. The model also helps to predict the post treatment effect, achieve “visualization” of treatment, and facilitate patients to understand the plan of straightening their teeth. What’s more, it has enabled more flexible and convenient digital medical follow-up services. The area of research that uses digital twins is relatively new. “However, we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry,” Erleben said, “In the future, the virtual model can be used to plan, design and improve, and can therefore be used to operate companies, robots, factories and used much more in the energy, healthcare and other fields.” 12．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The professional integrity of dentists. B．The current state of dental treatment. C．The procedure of retightening braces. D．The intervention of modern technology. 13．Which was the first step in creating 3D simulations? A．Predicting treatment effect. B．Designing a computer model. C．Drawing the shape of a mouth. D．Obtaining the details of teeth. 14．What is Professor Erleben’s attitude towards digital twins? A．Doubtful. B．Curious. C．Favorable. D．Dismissive. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why digital twins make a hit B．Where virtual treatment goes C．What trouble dentists encounter D．How a virtual model aids dentists 答案： 2024届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三模英语试题 1．A 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。这是一篇关于现场音乐会《国家地理电影音乐会：鲸鱼的秘密》的广告，这场音乐会由摄影师Brian Skerry和制片人James Cameron合作完成，通过揭示鲸鱼的秘密生活，让观众更深入地了解鲸鱼，了解自然。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“With none other than Jann Arden, celebrated musician, actor and author, as a guest commentator guiding audiences into the complex and fascinating families, culture, and play that reveal the secret lives of whales, the whole experience is brought to life by a full orchestra and world-class conductor Anthony Parnther.(嘉宾解说员是著名音乐家、演员和作家詹·阿登（Jann Arden），他将引导观众深入复杂而迷人的鲸鱼家庭、文化和游戏，揭示鲸鱼不为人知的秘密生活，而整个体验则由一个完整的管弦乐队和世界级指挥家安东尼·帕恩瑟（Anthony Parnther）赋予生命。)”可知，詹恩·阿登将在电影演唱会上扮演讲解员的角色，引导观众深入鲸鱼的世界，了解鲸鱼。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Secrets of the Whales was the most ambitious project of my career as a photographer. If we could see the ocean and our planet through the lens (镜头) of the culture of another species, that could change our view of the natural world and our relation to it,” says Skerry.(‘《鲸鱼的秘密》是我作为摄影师生涯中最雄心勃勃的项目。如果我们能通过另一个物种的文化来看待海洋和我们的星球，这可能会改变我们对自然世界的看法以及我们与自然的关系，’斯克里说。)”可推知，这个项目的目标旨在更好地了解自然。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He spent more than three years in 24 locations shooting footage for the four-part series Secrets of the Whales.(他花了三年多的时间，在24个地点拍摄了四集系列《鲸鱼的秘密》的镜头。)”可知，Skerry拍摄这部纪录片花了超过三年时间。故选C。 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以塔蒂亚娜·埃鲁希莫娃（Tatiana Erukhimova）教授为例，讲述了网红教授更受学生青睐这一现象。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“College professors these days face an ever-higher bar to grab the attention of their students, forced to compete with the appeal of smartphones and laptops in large lecture halls. But when your professor is a social media star, it’s a little bit easier.(如今，大学教授在吸引学生注意力方面面临着越来越高的门槛，他们不得不在大型讲堂里与智能手机和笔记本电脑的吸引力竞争。但如果你的教授是社交媒体明星，那就容易多了。)”可推知，从第一段我们可以了解到网红教授更受青睐。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She credits the university marketing team’s videos of her lessons for her social media success.(她将自己在社交媒体上的成功归功于大学营销团队的课程视频。)”可知，Tatiana博士的网络成功归功于她学校的推广。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the kid-friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. The sooner kids are taught physics and taught it well, the better, she suggests. It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. The key, she explains, has been to make herself approachable and her instruction personal.(在这些对孩子们友好的视频中，Erukhimova在她的实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从卫生纸到糖果，从自行车轮子到吹风机。她建议，越早教孩子物理，越好。很明显，她知道怎样才能让年轻人对一门很难的科学产生兴趣。她解释说，关键是要让自己平易近人，并让她的指导个性化。)”可推知，塔蒂亚娜博士采取接地气的教学方式让年轻人对物理感兴趣的。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Known as “Dr. Tatiana” to her students and online fan base, the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm.(她的学生和网上粉丝都称她为“塔蒂亚娜博士”，这位教授以无限的精力和热情表演物理魔术。)”和文章第三段“In the kid-friendly videos, Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments, from toilet paper to sweets, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. The sooner kids are taught physics and taught it well, the better, she suggests. It’s clear that she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science. The key, she explains, has been to make herself approachable and her instruction personal.(在这些对孩子们友好的视频中，Erukhimova在她的实验中使用了一系列日常用品，从卫生纸到糖果，从自行车轮子到吹风机。她建议，越早教孩子物理，越好。很明显，她知道怎样才能让年轻人对一门很难的科学产生兴趣。)”可推知，她是一个富有激情和创造力的人。故选D。 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以蓝莓为例介绍了自然界中蓝色植物和水果的罕见性以及它们如何以独特的方式展现蓝色。通过电子显微镜的研究发现，蓝莓表皮上的蜡质层通过散射蓝色和紫外线、吸收其他颜色光线的方式，使得蓝莓对人类看起来是蓝色的，而对能看到紫外线的鸟类和其他生物来说则是蓝色紫外线的。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In some lowers like bluebells, it primarily occurs when naturally occurring pigments (色素) are mixed the way you can mix different paints to change the color.( 在一些像风信子这样的植物中，它主要发生在天然色素混合时，就像你可以混合不同的颜料来改变颜色一样)”可知，风信子通过混合色素将蓝色呈现给人类。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the study, Middleton and his team examined the wax of a blueberry using an electron microscope. They found that the layer of wax is composed of tiny structures that work by scattering (散射) blue and UV light from the sun, while absorbing most of other colors of light.(在这项研究中，米德尔顿和他的团队用电子显微镜检查了蓝莓的蜡。他们发现，这层蜡是由微小的结构组成的，这些结构通过散射来自太阳的蓝光和紫外线而起作用，同时吸收大多数其他颜色的光)”可知，米德尔顿的团队发现蓝莓的蜡层是其内部机制。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“To look closer, they removed the outer wax and reshaped it on a black card. They created a new blue-UV coating and removed a very thin substance that creates color called a colorant from the skin. “The colorants scatter blue and UV, letting the other colors pass through without absorption,” says Middleton.(为了仔细观察，他们去掉了外层的蜡，并在一张黑卡片上重塑了它。他们发明了一种新的蓝色紫外线涂层，并从皮肤上去除一种非常薄的物质，这种物质会产生一种被称为着色剂的颜色。米德尔顿说：“着色剂会分散蓝色和紫外线，让其他颜色通过而不被吸收。”)”可知，在下面有深色颜料来‘抹去’剩余的光线是很重要的。由此可知，mop up意为“抹去，吸收”。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“For blueberries, the blue comes on the naturally produced thin layer of wax  on their skin, which often serves as a self-cleaning coating or for added protection in the plant kingdom. “The blue of most fruits is in their pigmented juices. That isn’t the case with blueberries,” says Rox Middleton, co-author of a study published in Science Advances.( 对于蓝莓来说，蓝色来自于它们皮肤上自然产生的薄层蜡，这通常是一种自清洁涂层，或者是植物界的额外保护。“大多数水果的蓝色是它们的色素汁。蓝莓却不是这样，”发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究的合著者罗克斯·米德尔顿说)”和文章最后一段“The study does show that nature has developed a “really neat trick” in the form of a very thin layer for an important colorant.(这项研究确实表明，大自然已经开发出一种“非常巧妙的技巧”，即为一种重要的着色剂形成一层非常薄的层)”可知，文章主要以蓝莓为例介绍了自然界中蓝色植物和水果的罕见性以及它们如何以独特的方式展现蓝色。通过电子显微镜的研究发现，蓝莓表皮上的蜡质层通过散射蓝色和紫外线、吸收其他颜色光线的方式，使得蓝莓对人类看起来是蓝色的，而对能看到紫外线的鸟类和其他生物来说则是蓝色紫外线的。由此可知，Technically, Blueberries Aren’t Blue(从技术上讲，蓝莓不是蓝色的)适合作本文标题。故选C。 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，揭示了订阅服务可能导致消费者在不知不觉中花费巨额资金的现象。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While this explosion of subscriptions was sold to me on the idea that it would make my life more convenient, there was a certain sticker shock I felt upon discovering how much I was spending without realizing each month — after I’d already spent it, of course.(虽然订阅量的激增让我相信它会让我的生活更方便，但当我发现自己每个月都在不知不觉中花了多少钱时，我感到了一定的震惊，当然，这是在我已经花完钱之后。)”可知，订阅更多的应用导致作者花费大增。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s understandable why this model of subscription service is so inviting for businesses. Subscriptions offer the promise of ‘selling once and earning forever.’(这种订阅服务模式对企业如此具有吸引力，这是可以理解的。订阅提供了‘一次销售，永远赚钱’的承诺。)”可知，订阅服务对商业友好。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In March, the agency suggested a ‘click to cancel’ item that would require companies to make it just as easy to end a subscription as to sign up for one.(今年3月，该机构提出了一个‘点击取消’项目，要求公司让终止订阅和注册订阅一样容易。)”可知，FTC建议企业简化取消订阅服务的步骤。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If all that doesn’t work, I have another idea: an app designed to keep track of your various subscriptions and background spending. Oh wait, those already exist — for a reoccurring fee, of course.(如果所有这些都不起作用，我还有另一个主意：设计一个应用程序来跟踪你的各种订阅和后台支出。哦，等等，这些已经存在了——当然是要反复收费的。)”可知，作者对于后台支出感到无力，故选A。 2024届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模英语试题 1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了四条因面临环境问题而受到保护的河流。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Hundreds of animal species, including 60% of North America’s birds, call the area around the Mississippi River home, but river pollution and shoreline habitat destruction threaten to displace them.(数百种动物，包括北美60%的鸟类，把密西西比河周围地区称为家园，但河流污染和海岸线栖息地破坏的威胁可能会使它们流离失所。)”可知，鸟类受影响最严重的是密西西比河沿岸。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Danube features a richly diverse ecosystem, hosting 55 different species of fish.(多瑙河拥有丰富多样的生态系统，拥有55种不同的鱼类。)”可知，多瑙河有55种鱼类。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Office of the American States Department of Sustainable Development is working to manage the threats.(美国可持续发展部办公室正在努力应对这些威胁。)”、文章第二段“Fortunately, many projects and organizations are devoted to its conservation.(幸运的是，许多项目和组织致力于保护它。)”、文章第三段“The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River was established in 1998 to manage its conservation.(国际多瑙河保护委员会成立于1998年，负责管理多瑙河的保护工作。)”和文章最后一段“Organizations such as Conservation International are working to protect the river by advocating for its sustainable development.(保护国际等组织正在通过倡导河流的可持续发展来保护河流。)”可知，它们都受到一些组织的保护。故选D。 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述练太极拳有助于减缓认知衰退和预防痴呆。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Such instances of “brain freeze” remind us that we should do everything in our power to keep our brains sharp.(这些“大脑冻结”的例子提醒我们，我们应该尽我们所能保持我们的大脑敏锐)”和第二段的“A new study finds Tai Chi can help slow cognitive (认知的) decline and protect against dementia (痴呆).(一项新研究发现太极拳有助于减缓认知衰退和预防痴呆)”可推知，文章开头的两个问题是为了引出“练太极拳有助于减缓认知衰退和预防痴呆”这个主题。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“As part of the study, all the participants took a 10-mirrute test called the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A normal score is 26-30. A person who scores between 18 and 25 is considered to have mild impairment (损害), which means they don’t have dementia but they’re not as sharp as they used to be and may need to work harder to maintain everyday activities, Once their score drops under 18, people experience quite a bit of impairment from memory loss and cognitive decline.(作为研究的一部分，所有参与者都参加了一个名为蒙特利尔认知评估的10分钟测试。正常的分数是26-30。得分在18到25分之间的人被认为有轻度损伤，这意味着他们没有痴呆症，但他们不像以前那么敏锐，可能需要更加努力地来维持日常活动，一旦他们的得分降至18分以下，人们经历相当多的记忆丧失和认知能力下降的损害)”可知，本段主要内容是认知测量标准。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The average score of participants at the start of the study was 25.(研究开始时，参与者的平均得分是25分)”以及第三段“A person who scores between 18 and 25 is considered to have mild impairment (损害), which means they don’t have dementia but they’re not as sharp as they used to be and may need to work harder to maintain everyday activities.(得分在18到25分之间的人被认为有轻度损伤，这意味着他们没有痴呆症，但他们不像以前那么敏捷，可能需要更加努力地维持日常活动)”可知，他们中的许多人有轻微的认知能力下降。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The theory on why Tai Chi is effective is that it combines the memorization of the movements, known as forms, almost like composing dancing moves.(为什么太极拳有效的理论是，它结合了动作的记忆，几乎像编排舞蹈动作)”可知，太极之所以起到积极作用是因为它涉及身心运动。故选B项。 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了海洋中微塑料污染的严重程度以及对鲸鱼和人类健康的影响。 8．词义猜测题。文章划线单词上文讲到“Microplastic particles don’t just end up at the bottom of the ocean. Animals are eating them — at least 1,500 species have been reported (微塑料颗粒不仅仅最终到达海底。动物正在吃它们——据报道至少有1500种……)”以及下文“For example, whales in New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf consume roughly three million microplastics daily(例如，新西兰豪拉基湾的鲸鱼每天消耗大约300万个微塑料)”可知，鲸鱼正在吃掉这些塑料微粒。因此，第二段中带下划线的单词可能的意思是“摄入”。“Take in”符合这个意思。故选C。 9．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“Plastics can also release chemicals that are harmful to digestive system,” says Kahane-Rapport. “This is concerning, and while we do not yet understand the long-term health-effects, it is likely not a good sign for whales and their prey(猎物) to eat a man-made material like plastic.”(塑料也会释放出对消化系统有害的化学物质，”Kahane Rapport说。“这令人担忧，虽然我们还不了解其对健康的长期影响，但鲸鱼及其猎物食用塑料等人造材料可能不是一个好兆头。”)”可知，我们对微塑料的危害仍知之甚少。因此，从第三段可以推断出关于微塑料的危害，目前还不清楚。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。文章第四段讲到“We are also part of these food chains and are consuming microplastics regularly. They are in our bottled water, in our table salt — they are even in our house dust and in the air we breathe. And we still don’t know what the health effects are. (我们也是这些食物链的一部分，并且经常食用微塑料。它们存在于我们的瓶装水、食盐中——甚至存在于我们家的灰尘和我们呼吸的空气中。我们仍然不知道对健康的影响是什么。)”可知，本段主要展示微塑料的连锁反应。故选B。 11．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“The next research step will be to determine how much plastic the whales excrete(排出) and how much is left in their bodies. Following that, we would be able to determine the direct health effects on their tissues. (下一步的研究将是确定鲸鱼排泄出多少塑料，以及它们体内还剩多少塑料。之后，我们将能够确定对其组织的直接健康影响。)”可知，接下来的研究将关注鲸鱼体内塑料的数量。故选C。 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在澳大利亚的一些岛屿上，海平面上升促使红树林的繁荣。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“There’s a lot of interest in using mangrove blue carbon to lessen climate change(人们对利用红树林蓝碳来减少气候变化很感兴趣)”可推知，蓝碳对环境友好。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But there remain a lot of questions around their capacity to adapt to sea level rise.(但它们适应海平面上升的能力仍然存在很多问题)”和第三段中“In 2021, a team led by Wollongong environmental scientist Sarah Hamylton visited the Howick Islands to do a related research.(2021 年，Wollongong环境科学家Sarah Hamylton领导的一个团队访问了Howick群岛进行了相关研究)”可知，研究的目的是为了查明红树林对海平面上升的反应。故选D项。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段中“With sea levels now rising again, the mixture of saltwater and sediment makes a perfect home for the salt-tolerant mangroves.(随着海平面再次上升，盐水和沉积物的混合物成为耐盐红树林的完美家园)”可知，盐水和沉积物的组合使Howick群岛成为红树林的合适栖息地。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A recent survey shows that expanding seas might have led to a massive mangrove increase, researchers report November 1 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.(研究人员11月1日在Proceedings of the Royal Society B上报告说，最近的一项调查显示，海洋的扩张可能导致了红树林的大量增加)”可知，文章讲述的是在澳大利亚的一些岛屿上，海平面上升促使红树林的繁荣。所以，B项“海平面上升有助于红树林生长”适合作为标题。故选B项。 2024届山东省济宁市高三下学期三模英语试题 1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍百老汇音乐剧& Juliet的背景和购票等信息。 1．推理判断题。由What is & Juliet about?中“It kicks off nearly where Romeo & Juliet left off: right before Juliet’s death. This isn’t a retelling of Shakespeare’s tragedy, though. It’s a whole new story in which Juliet decides losing Romeo doesn’t mean she should die. Instead, she goes on a journey of self-discovery to Paris. Accompanied by her friends, including some characters from the original play, like the nurse, as well as new characters, like her friends Francois and May, she goes to parties, makes new friends, and sees what the world has to offer beyond the walls of Verona.(它几乎从罗密欧与朱丽叶的结尾开始：就在朱丽叶去世之前。不过，这并不是对莎士比亚悲剧的复述。这是一个全新的故事，朱丽叶决定失去罗密欧并不意味着她应该死。相反，她去了巴黎进行自我发现之旅。在朋友的陪伴下，她去参加派对，结交新朋友，看看维罗纳墙外的世界能提供什么，其中包括剧中的一些角色，比如护士，以及新角色，比如她的朋友弗朗索瓦和梅。)”可知，在音乐剧& Juliet中，Juliet开始了新的篇章。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由What songs are in & Juliet?中“All 30 pop songs in & Juliet were written or co-written by Max Martin, who’s behind the hits of stars like Britney Spears, Katy Perry, and The Backstreet Boys.(《& Juliet》中的所有30首流行歌曲都是由马克斯·马丁创作或联合创作的，他是布兰妮·斯皮尔斯、凯蒂·佩里和后街男孩等明星的热门歌曲的幕后推手。)”可知，音乐剧中的歌曲是由一位大师创作的。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。由Pick your tickets中图表以及选项可知，5月7号、30号的票已经售完，5月20周一没有演出，5月26号还有票。故选C项。 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态学家James Rainey致力于寻找和保护野生松树，希望让古老的林地得到恢复。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段““To meet the demand for more wood, many wild pines in Highlands have been removed to make room for commercial forestry,” says Rainey. “This was often done in ancient woodlands and was really damaging to the remaining trees.”(“为了满足对更多木材的需求，高原地区的许多野生松树被砍伐，为商业林业腾出空间，”雷尼说。“这通常是在古老的林地中进行的，对剩余的树木造成了极大的破坏。”)”可知，野生松树被认为是如此重要因为它们是古老森林的标志。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“But restoration is still possible, especially since some old trees still survive along with the ancient woodland soil and seedbank—seeds stored in the soil, which can grow once the heavy shade of commercial conifers (针叶树) is removed.(但恢复仍然是可能的，特别是因为一些老树仍然与古老的林地土壤和种子库一起生存，种子储存在土壤中，一旦商业针叶树的厚重阴影被移除，它们就可以生长)”可知，古松林恢复的关键是古老种子的存在。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The ecological investigator uses three clues of evidence to discover where these pinewoods first stood. “First there’s the historical evidence, like old maps and texts. Then comes the landscape context: is the pine associated with planting around a big house, or is the setting more natural? And finally I use the ecological evidence: wild pine usually grow alongside old birch trees, which indicates ecological continuity,” explains Rainey. (生态学研究者利用三条证据线索来发现这些松林最初生长的地方。“首先是历史证据，比如古老的地图和文本。然后是景观背景：松树是种植在大房子周围，还是更自然？最后，我使用生态证据：野生松树通常与老桦树一起生长，这表明生态连续性，”雷尼解释说)”可知，雷尼充分利用周围环境确定松林的原始位置。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This would have been filled with trees but is now empty — these are the most critical areas in need of regeneration and we want the whole of the ancient woodlands to recover, not just the pines (这里原本会长满树木，但现在却空无一人——这些是最需要再生的关键地区，我们希望整个古老的林地都能恢复，而不仅仅是松树)”可知，雷尼的终极目标是恢复古老的林地。故选B。 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了剑桥大学的Ioanna Sitaridou博士致力于保护一种濒危的语言Romeyka，她发起了一个名为Crowdsourcing Romeyka的数据众包平台，邀请公众上传Romeyka的语音录音，以建立口语材料数据库，目前她的工作取得了丰硕的成果。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Experts consider the language to be a linguistic (语言的) goldmine and a living bridge to the ancient world. (专家们认为这种语言是一座语言金矿，是通往古代世界的一座活生生的桥梁)”可知，保护这种语言的必要性在于它可以加强与过去的联系。故选D项。 9．词句猜测题。画线短语的上文“Extensive contact with Turkish, the absence of support systems to facilitate intergenerational transmission, and migration (与土耳其的广泛接触，缺乏支持系统以促进代际传递和移民)”介绍的都是对语言的传播和传承不利的因素，其下文“A large majority of native speakers in Trabzon are over 65 years of age and fewer young people are learning the language. (特拉布宗的大部分母语使用者都在65岁以上，学习这种语言的年轻人更少)”描述的是这些不利因素导致的不利结果，由此推知，这些不利因素是对这种语言造成了负面影响、损害，画线短语意思应该与“Had a negative influence on (对……有负面影响)”相近。故选A项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中Dr. Sitaridou所说的话“Speech crowdsourcing is a new tool which helps speakers build a database of spoken materials for their endangered languages, allows researchers to document these languages, and motivates speakers to appreciate their own linguistic heritage (遗产). At the same time, by preserving their language, it can help speakers achieve acknowledgement of their identity from people outside of their speech community (语言众包是一种新工具，它可以帮助使用者建立濒危语言的口语材料数据库，使研究人员能够记录这些语言，并激励使用者欣赏自己的语言遗产。与此同时，通过保存他们的语言，它可以帮助说话者从他们的语言社区之外的人那里获得认同)”可知，本段主要强调了该平台起到的重要作用，即其存在的重要意义。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By engaging with local communities, particularly female speakers, Sitaridou has gathered the largest collection of audio and video data in existence and amounting to more than 29GB of sourced data, and has authored 21 peer-reviewed publications. A YouTube film about Sitaridou’s fieldwork has received 723,000 views to-date. (通过与当地社区，特别是女性说话者合作，Sitaridou收集了现有最大的音频和视频数据，总计超过29GB的来源数据，并撰写了21篇同行评审的出版物。关于Sitaridou实地考察的YouTube视频迄今已获得72.3万次观看)”可推知，Sitaridou博士的工作取得了丰硕的成果。故选C项。 12．A 13．B 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是Z效应以及这一心理现象发现的背景和实际应用。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(人们很难不去想那些未完成或被打断的任务，这是有原因的，心理学家称之为Zeigarnik效应（Z效应）)”可知，Z效应的典型特征是倾向于记忆未完成的任务。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Zeigarnik did a series of experiments, in which participants were asked to complete simple tasks such as putting together puzzles, or solving math problems. Half of the participants were interrupted partway through doing these tasks. After an hour-long wait, Zeigarnik asked the participants to describe what they had been working on. She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(Zeigarnik做了一系列的实验，参与者被要求完成简单的任务，比如拼拼图，或者解决数学问题。一半的参与者在完成这些任务的过程中被打断。等了一个小时后，Zeigarnik让参与者描述他们一直在做什么。她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人比那些能够完成任务的人更容易记得自己在做什么)”可知，第3段的功能是提供进一步的证据。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“She discovered that the people who had been interrupted in their work were twice as likely to remember what they had been doing as the people who had been able to complete the tasks.(她发现，那些在工作中被打断的人比那些能够完成任务的人更容易记得自己在做什么)”以及第四段“We hold on to information in the short term by constantly pulling it back into our awareness. By thinking of uncompleted tasks often, we’re more likely to keep remembering them until they get done. (我们通过不断地将信息拉回我们的意识，在短期内保持信息。通过经常想着未完成的任务，我们更有可能一直记住它们，直到它们完成)”可知，在电视剧的悬疑时刻播放广告是Z效应的实际应用。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Have you ever found yourself having intrusive (侵扰的) thoughts about something you haven’t finished? Maybe a half-done work project is keeping you up at night or the suspenseful plot of a novel you’re reading keeps circling your thoughts. There is a reason why it’s so hard to stop thinking about uncompleted and interrupted tasks, and psychologists called it the Zeigarnik effect (Z-effect).(你是否曾经发现自己对尚未完成的事情有侵入性的想法？也许一个未完成的工作项目让你夜不能寐，或者你正在阅读的一本悬疑小说的情节一直萦绕在你的脑海里。人们很难不去想那些未完成或被打断的任务，这是有原因的，心理学家称之为Zeigarnik效应（Z效应）)”结合文章主要说明了什么是Z效应以及这一心理现象发现的背景和实际应用。可知，A选项“Z效应：干扰如何增强记忆”最符合文章标题。故选A。 2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期三模英语试题 1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个令人惊叹的英国火车之旅。 1．细节理解题。根据Glasgow to Mallaig部分的“Considered by some to be the most scenic railway line in the world, this line takes passengers from the bustling city of Glasgow through Scotland’s wild western highlands to the remote port of Mallaig.(这条铁路线被一些人认为是世界上风景最优美的铁路线，它将乘客从熙熙攘攘的格拉斯哥市带到苏格兰荒凉的西部高地，最后到达偏远的马莱格港。)”可知，如果你想参观一个港口，你可以选择Mallaig。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据The Cambrian Line部分的“Wales, with its dramatic landscapes, historic sites and inspiring vistas, offers some magical train journeys to be found in the UK.(威尔士以其引人注目的风景、历史遗迹和鼓舞人心的远景，为英国提供了一些神奇的火车之旅。)”可知，选择the Cambrian Line这条路线可以欣赏威尔士的美景。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据The Settle-Carlisle Line部分的“Threatened with closure in the 1980s, the line was saved thanks to the efforts of rail lovers, and passenger numbers have gone from strength to strength.(在20世纪80年代面临关闭的威胁，由于铁路爱好者的努力，这条线路得以挽救，乘客数量也越来越多。)”可知，The Settle Carlisle Line这条路线曾经有被关闭的危险。故选D。 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了喝茶的好处，以及英格兰茶文化的历史渊源。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Luckily, I needn’t be ashamed of my dependence on tea any longer — in fact, I should be proud.(幸运的是，我不必再为我对茶的依赖感到羞耻——事实上，我应该感到自豪。)”以及“... widespread adoption of tea-drinking in late 18th-century England wasn’t just central to the development of our national culture, it actually saved lives.(在18世纪晚期，饮茶在英国的广泛普及不仅对我们国家文化的发展至关重要，而且还挽救了生命。)”可知，作者对喝茶持积极的态度。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“What does a cup of tea need apart from tea leaves? Boiled water —which meant much healthier water in an era when people didn’t know dirty water spread disease.(一杯茶除了茶叶还需要什么？白开水——在那个人们不知道脏水会传播疾病的年代，这意味着更健康的水。)”可知，烧开的茶水更干净，有助于降低水传播疾病的风险，从而降低了死亡率。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The role of tea imports was confirmed by drops in deaths from diseases carried by water. Improvements were greatest in areas of lower water quality.(茶叶进口的作用被由水传播的疾病导致的死亡率下降所证实。水质较差的地区改善最大。)”可推知，历史上比较脏的地区从喝茶中获益最多。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Because a new study by Professor Francisca Antman, an economist at the University of Colorado Boulder, shows widespread adoption of tea-drinking in late 18th-century England wasn’t just central to the development of our national culture, it actually saved lives.( 因为科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的经济学家弗朗西斯卡·安特曼教授的一项新研究表明，在18世纪晚期，英国广泛采用饮茶不仅对我们国家文化的发展至关重要，而且实际上挽救了生命。)”可知，在18世纪晚期的英格兰，喝茶有效降低了死亡率，起到了拯救生命的作用；结合最后一段“This all happened by accident, in a period in which public health protection didn’t much exist.(这一切都是偶然发生的，在一个公共卫生保护不太存在的时期。)”可知，喝茶可以拯救生命是一个没有被人们预料到的效果。由此可知，A项：An Unexpected Lifesaver(一个意想不到的救命之物)是最合适的标题。故选A。 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化记忆的概念和功能。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past. Memory enables people to learn from past experiences and apply that knowledge in present circumstances. It is a vital part of our identity. So is culture, the way of life specific to a group of people.( 人们通常认为记忆是对过去的回忆。记忆使人们能够从过去的经验中学习，并将这些知识应用到当前的环境中。这是我们身份的重要组成部分。文化也是如此，是一群人特有的生活方式。)”和文章第二段“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past that is passed from one generation to the next through text, oral traditions, monument s and other symbols.(文化记忆是对过去的理解，通过文字、口头传统、纪念碑和其他符号代代相传。)”可知，第一段的作用是为了引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。 9．词句猜测题。根据下文“To understand culture, humans access masses of cultural symbols, such as books. Artifacts (历史文物) of the past provide insights into where we came from.(为了理解文化，人类接触了大量的文化符号，比如书籍。过去的文物让我们了解我们从何而来。)”可知，文化记忆通常积聚在物品中，如博物馆或历史纪念物。由此可知，amassed意为“积累，积聚”。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The most powerful forms of cultural memory may involve memories of past disastrous experiences undergone by groups of victims. For example, in Russia, their role in Word War Ⅱ- in which tens of millions of Russians were killed —is still an important part of modern Russian identity. Because all groups have cultural memory, it can bring about a spirit of resistance or survival among threatened groups.(文化记忆最强大的形式可能涉及受害者群体经历的过去灾难性事件的记忆。例如，在俄罗斯，他们在第二次世界大战中的角色——在那场战争中，数千万俄罗斯人丧生——仍然是现代俄罗斯认同感的重要组成部分。因为所有群体都有文化记忆，它可以激发受威胁群体的抵抗或生存精神。)”可知，第3段提到俄罗斯是为了说明文化记忆对身份认同的影响。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Rather, it is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.(相反，它是利用过去经验的知识来避免一次又一次地犯同样的错误。)”可推知，文化记忆的主要作用是将前人的智慧传承下去。故选A。 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tamar Makin和John Krakauer教授关于大脑功能的新发现，他们反驳了大脑资源能重新分配的大众观点，提出大脑的潜在功能是现存的和有限的，需要对其进行训练功能才可开发。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Contrary to the commonly-held view, the brain does not have the ability to rewire itself to make up for the loss of sight, or a stroke, for example, say scientists from the University of Cambridge and Johns Hopkins University.(剑桥大学(和约翰霍普金斯大学的科学家表示，与人们普遍持有的观点相反，大脑没有能力自我修复，以弥补视力丧失或中风等损失)”可知，关于大脑功能一个普遍的误解是大脑可以重塑。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“They argue, however, that while the studies do indeed show the brain’s ability to adapt to change, it is not creating new functions in previously unrelated areas—instead it’s using possible capacities that have been present since birth.(然而，他们认为，虽然这些研究确实显示了大脑适应变化的能力，但它并没有在以前不相关的领域创造新的功能——相反，它使用了自出生以来就存在的可能的能力)”和第四段“Examining other studies, Makin and Krakauer found no convincing evidence that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)of individuals that were born blind or the uninjured cortex of stroke survivors ever developed a novel functional ability that did not otherwise exist.(通过对其他研究的分析，Makin和Krakauer发现，没有令人信服的证据表明，天生失明的人的视觉皮层或中风幸存者的未受伤的皮层曾经发展出一种原本不存在的新功能)”可知，大脑的可塑性是有限的；以及第五段第一句“Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches, they argue.(他们认为，了解大脑可塑性的真实本质和局限性是至关重要的，这既可以为患者设定切合实际的期望，也可以指导临床医生采取重建方法)”可推知，文中提到的研究旨在说明大脑的可塑性是有限的。故选A。 14．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Understanding the true nature and limits of brain plasticity (可塑性) is crucial, both for setting realistic expectations for patients and for guiding clinical practitioners (从业人员) in their reconstructive approaches, they argue. Makin added: “This learning process is a proof of the brain’s remarkable—but limited—capacity for plasticity. There are no shortcuts or fast tracks in this journey. The idea of quickly unlocking hidden brain potentials or tapping into vast unused reserves is more wishful thinking than reality. It’s a slow, gradual journey, demanding persistent effort and practice. Recognising this helps us appreciate the hard work behind every story of recovery and adapt our strategies accordingly.”(他们认为，了解大脑可塑性的真实本质和局限性是至关重要的，这既可以为患者设定切合实际的期望，也可以指导临床医生采取重建方法。Makin补充说:“这一学习过程证明了大脑具有非凡但有限的可塑性。在这段旅程中没有捷径或快车道。快速释放隐藏的大脑潜力或开发大量未使用的储备的想法更像是一厢情愿的想法，而不是现实。这是一个缓慢而渐进的过程，需要坚持不懈的努力和练习。认识到这一点有助于我们认识到每个复苏故事背后的辛勤工作，并相应地调整我们的策略。”)” 可知，本段主要谈论新发现在医疗行业中的现实意义。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段 ““So many times, the brain’s ability to rewire has been described as ‘miraculous’—but we’re scientists, we don’t believe in magic. These amazing behaviours that we see are rooted in hard work, repetition and training, not the magical reassignment of the brain’s resources.” They said.(“很多时候，大脑重新布线的能力被描述为‘奇迹’——但我们是科学家，我们不相信魔法。我们看到的这些惊人的行为根植于努力工作、重复和训练，而不是大脑资源的神奇重新分配。”他们说)”可知，Tamar Makin和John Krakauer不相信魔力，认为要用努力去开发大脑潜在的功能。故选C。 2024届山东省济南市高三下学期三模英语试题 1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个非洲丛林营地志愿者项目。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It not only is an extremely satisfying feeling when you know that you’ve helped to protect this incredible part of the world for generations to come, but enables you to gain invaluable skills and knowledge in conservation.(这不仅是一种非常满足的感觉，当你知道你帮助保护了这个世界上不可思议的部分，而且让你获得了宝贵的保护技能和知识)”可知，参与者将在项目中获得野生动物保护知识。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Working alongside trained forest protectors, conservation staff and other volunteers from Monday to Friday (8: 30 a. m. —4: 30 p. m.), you’re expected to help with fence guards to keep animals safe from poachers (偷猎者), feed animals, and even help catch animals for medical treatment.(从周一到周五（上午8:30 到下午4:30），你将与训练有素的森林保护者、保护人员和其他志愿者一起工作，帮助围栏警卫保护动物免受偷猎者的侵害，喂养动物，甚至帮助捕捉动物进行治疗)”可知，志愿者在营地里应该给动物食物。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After work, you’ll have plenty of time to relax on the reserve. Be bathed in the sun by the reserve’s pool, play a few rounds of tennis or relax in the common room with your new friends. The program contains various overnight short-distance journeys in the surrounding areas such as Port Elizabeth, Jeffreys Bay and Grahamstown, where you can go hiking, windsurfing, whale-watching, horse-riding and much more.(下班后，你将有足够的时间在保护区放松。在保护区的游泳池里沐浴阳光，打几轮网球，或者和你的新朋友在公共休息室放松。该项目包括在伊丽莎白港、杰弗里斯湾和格雷厄姆斯敦等周边地区的各种短途旅行，在那里你可以远足、帆板、观鲸、骑马等等)”可知，在营地做志愿者的好处是提供娱乐活动。故选D。 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍Sonecha设计了Gandhinagar的学校是为了给视觉障碍的学生提供方便，并努力促进公共区域的无障碍环境。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“These all help students familiarize themselves with the area straightforwardly, without any trouble. (这些都有助于学生直接熟悉该地区，没有任何麻烦。)”和第二段“The school provides an open space serving as a platform for the visually-challenged students to play, perform, or celebrate festivals and the students are easy to orient themselves according to the sound, smell, sight and touch. (学校提供了一个开放空间，作为视觉障碍学生玩耍、表演或庆祝节日的平台，学生们很容易根据声音、气味、视觉和触觉来定位自己。)”可知，Sonecha设计了Gandhinagar的学校是为了给视觉障碍的学生提供方便。故选C。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The school provides an open space serving as a platform for the visually-challenged students to play, perform, or celebrate festivals and the students are easy to orient themselves according to the sound, smell, sight and touch. (学校提供了一个开放空间，作为视觉障碍学生玩耍、表演或庆祝节日的平台，学生们很容易根据声音、气味、视觉和触觉来orient自己。)”可知，这所学校的学生有视觉障碍，所以他们应该是利用声音、气味、视觉和触觉来识别方向。所以orient的意思应该是“引导”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“During the construction, Sonecha used contrasting colors so that students could easily distinguish between the elements. Blue was used for all classroom doors, yellow for the entrance gate, black for switch buttons, and yellow and green for the furniture. All these colors contrasted with the white walls of the school, helping the students locate different elements. Different areas are of different height and width, which makes the sounds and noises change according to the echo (回音) produced in these spaces. Furthermore, he cooperated with fellow landscape architect Lokendra Balasaria to plant more than 1, 000 plants of 37 species. These sweet plants have been grown not only to lead the children to move in the school through smell but also to attract butterflies and birds, and provide shade. (在建造过程中，Sonecha使用了对比色，这样学生就可以很容易地区分不同的元素。所有教室的门都用蓝色，大门用黄色，开关按钮用黑色，家具用黄色和绿色。所有这些颜色与学校的白墙形成对比，帮助学生找到不同的元素。不同的区域具有不同的高度和宽度，这使得声音和噪声根据这些空间中产生的回声而变化。此外，他还与同为景观建筑师的洛肯德拉·巴拉萨里亚合作，种植了37种1000多种植物。种植这些甜植物不仅是为了引导孩子们通过气味在学校里活动，还为了吸引蝴蝶和鸟类，并提供阴凉处。)”可知，学校是通过刺激多种感官来帮助学生完成日常生活的。故选B。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I hope that there are no different schools for such students. Instead, all these elements should be added to public spaces for them. And my follow-up efforts may be there. (我希望这些学生没有不同的学校。相反，所有这些元素都应该添加到他们的公共空间中。我的后续工作可能会在那里。)”可知，Sonecha将来可能会努力促进公共区域的无障碍环境。故选A。 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了语言的起源于象似性有关，解释了象似性的概念以及研究开展的情况。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“When playing a game of charades (猜字谜) , we act out our meaning, using our hands and bodies to describe the sizes and shapes of objects. The key to this process of forming new symbols is the use of iconicity. Not limited to gesturing, iconicity appears in our visual communication too. Traffic signs, food packaging, maps. . . wherever there are people communicating, you will find iconicity.(在玩猜字游戏时，我们用手和身体来描述物体的大小和形状，来表达我们的意思。形成新符号的关键是使用象似性。不仅限于手势，象似性也出现在我们的视觉交流中。交通标志、食品包装、地图……只要有人在交流，你就会发现有象似性)”可知，形式和意义之间的联系可以解释“象似性”。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“We organized a contest in which we invited contestants to record a set of sounds to express different meanings. The winner of the contest was determined by how well listeners could guess the intended meanings of the sounds based on a set of written options.(我们组织了一个比赛，邀请参赛者录下一组声音来表达不同的意思。比赛的获胜者取决于听者根据一组书面选项猜出声音的意思的程度)”可知，比赛需要包含意义的声音。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Listeners were remarkably good at interpreting the meanings of the sounds. Yet, all of the contestants and listeners were speakers of English. Thus, it was possible that listeners’ success relied on some cultural knowledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners also understand the speakers from completely different cultural backgrounds?(听众非常善于解读声音的含义。然而，所有的参赛者和听众都说英语。因此，有可能听者的成功依赖于他们与说话者共享的一些文化知识。听众是否也能理解来自完全不同文化背景的说话者？)”可知，这项研究有局限性。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“As for how languages were created, scientists found iconicity might play a key role.(至于语言是如何产生的，科学家们发现象似性可能起着关键作用)”以及最后一段“Taken together, these studies show that our capacity for iconic communication has played a critical role. Without this special talent, language would likely never have gotten off the ground.(综上所述，这些研究表明，我们进行标志性交流的能力发挥了关键作用。如果没有这种特殊的天赋，语言可能永远不会起步)”可知，研究的意义是揭示语言的起源。故选C。 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍3D模拟技术在牙科领域的使用。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many of us remember the feeling of having our braces (牙套) regularly adjusted and retightened at the dentist’s. And interventions are based entirely upon the estimate of dentists and involve a great deal of trial and error, which can lead to too many visits to the dentist’s.(我们中的许多人都记得在牙医那里定期调整和重新紧固牙套的感觉。干预措施完全基于牙医的估计，涉及大量的试错，这可能会导致去牙医那里太多次。)”可知，第一段主要介绍牙科治疗的现状。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段“To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth. (为了创建这些模拟，在获得牙齿的详细CT图像以及颚骨和牙齿之间的微小结构后，使用计算机模型绘制了人类牙齿的图谱。)”可知，创建3D模拟的第一步是获得牙齿的详细CT图像以及颚骨和牙齿之间的微小结构。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The area of research that uses digital twins is relatively new. “However, we need to set up a sufficiently big database if digital twins are to really take root and benefit the healthcare industry,” Erleben said, “In the future, the virtual model can be used to plan, design and improve, and can therefore be used to operate companies, robots, factories and used much more in the energy, healthcare and other fields.”(使用数字孪生的研究领域相对较新。“然而，如果数字孪生要真正扎根并造福于医疗保健行业，我们需要建立一个足够大的数据库，”Erleben说，“未来，虚拟模型可以用于规划、设计和改进，因此可以用于运营公司、机器人、工厂，并在能源、医疗保健和其他领域得到更多应用。”)”可知，Erleben很看好数字孪生未来的发展，所以是持支持的态度。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Professor Erleben and his team created a computer model that creates accurate 3D simulations (模拟) of an individual patient’s jaw, which dentists can use to predict how sets of braces should be designed to best straighten a patient’s teeth and plan the best possible treatment. To create these simulations, the computer model was used to map sets of human teeth after getting detailed CT images of teeth and the small, fine structures between the jawbone and the teeth. This type of precise digital simulation is referred to as a digital twin, a virtual model that lives in the cloud. (Erleben教授和他的团队创建了一个计算机模型，该模型可以对单个患者的下巴进行精确的3D模拟，牙医可以使用该模型来预测如何设计牙套来最好地矫正患者的牙齿，并计划尽可能好的治疗。为了创建这些模拟，在获得牙齿的详细CT图像以及颚骨和牙齿之间的微小结构后，使用计算机模型绘制了人类牙齿的图谱。这种类型的精确数字模拟被称为数字孪生，一种生活在云中的虚拟模型。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍3D模拟技术在牙科领域的使用。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$