专题09 阅读理解之说明文(名校期末真题)-2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

阅读理解之说明文 (名校期末真题) （22-23高一下·山西大同·期末）Grandparents are known as great companions (陪伴) and often give their grandchildren lots of love. Being a grandparent is a big job, but grandparents have a lot of experience. In many cultures, grandparents are looked up to as a source of wisdom (智慧). Some kids live far away from their grandparents so they stay in touch by phone, through email, and with letters. Other kids live close to their grandparents, making it easy to visit often. And still other kids live with their grandparents. Sometimes, the family is sharing the grandparents’ house and sometimes the grandparents move into the family’s house. Any change can be difficult to adjust (适应) to. But after the adjustment period, you might find you enjoy having someone else in the house and a new person to spend time with. If your grandparent needs help, you might be the one to lend a hand. And your grandparent might be able to help you by playing a game with you, telling the best stories or fixing you a snack after school. Quite a few kids live with grandparents who take care of them in place of their parents. Kids who live with grandparents might miss their moms or dads and wish they could live with them instead. The grandparent may find it difficult to keep up with a kid and all of his or her needs. In this situation, both the kid and the grandparent should work together. Loving and caring for each other can be the glue that keeps everything together. And one more thing: You might want to put the first Sunday after Labor Day on your calendar. Why? It’s Grandparent’s Day! 1．In many countries, grandparents ________. A．look forward to having a job B．live far away from their grandchildren C．are regarded as rich in knowledge and experience D．are considered to be the best friends and companions 2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A．kids don’t like to live with their grandparents B．parents shouldn’t leave children to their grandparents C．grandparents find it too hard to live with their grandchildren D．living together does good to grandparents and grandchildren 3．How can kids and their grandparents get along well with each other? A．By sharing the best stories. B．By having common interests. C．By meeting each other’s needs. D．By loving and looking after each other. 4．In the last paragraph, the author reminds the kids________ . A．to celebrate Grandparent’s Day B．to visit grandparents on Sunday C．that Labor Day is an important day D．that Grandparent’s Day is on Sunday （22-23高一下·四川德阳·期末）Scientists discovered that fewer humpback whales made the singing noises, as their population grew. “It was getting more difficult to actually find singers,” marine biologist Rebecca Dunlop in Brisbane said. She added, “When there were fewer of them, there was a lot of singing-now that there are lots of them, no need to be singing so much.” Eastern Australia’s humpback whales came close to disappearing in the 1960s. With the end of commercial whaling (捕鲸), the population began to regrow, climbing to about 27,000 whales by 2015. That number is near estimated pre-whaling levels. As the density (密度) of whales increased, their singing behaviors changed. While 2 in 10 males made crying noises in 2004, 10 years later the number had dropped to 1 in 10, Dunlop said. The team’s study appeared in a recent issue of Nature Communications Biology. Dunlop said she thinks singing played a big part in bringing in mates when populations severely declined. When humpbacks live in denser populations, males looking for mates also have to deal with competing whales. Boris Worm, an ocean biologist, was not involved in the research. “As animal populations recover, they change their behavior-they have different cries,” Worm said. The research suggests the seas are still noisy with humpback whale sounds. Many humpbacks seek to bring in mates with a combination of singing and physical movements, the study notes. The large increase in the humpback population during the study period provided valuable data about changes in the animals’ behavior and they must have been singers long before whaling reduced their numbers, said Simon Ingram. But the new study demonstrates (证明) how necessary their complex and beautiful songs were to their survival and recovery, he added. 5．Which may make humpback whales sing in the discovery? A．The power of waves. B．The use of microphone. C．The feeling of loneliness. D．The increase of their numbers. 6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly say about humpback whales? A．Their sudden disappearance. B．Their sharp rise in numbers. C．Their being well protected. D．Their change in behaviors. 7．What does the underlined word “declined” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Increased. B．Dropped. C．Climbed. D．Recovered. 8．Which does Simon Ingram agree? A．Humpbacks’ behaviors have never changed. B．Humpbacks’ numbers increased by whaling. C．Humpbacks’ singing noises are important. D．Humpbacks’ singing will disappear soon. （22-23高一下·四川德阳·期末）A rising number of Chinese mobile apps are having an influence around the world. From top short-video app TikTok to the biggest fashion app Shein and karaoke video app StarMaker，the Chinese apps are getting big. In 2021, the overseas revenue (收益) of China’s entertainment apps grew 204 percent year-on-year, according to a report by market research company, iResearch. The US, Japan and South Korea were the main overseas sources of income for Chinese apps. Downloads of Chinese apps also increased in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia in 2021. Experts said that this has shown the strong innovative (创新的) power of Chinese companies. “The global market is promising for Chinese companies. Though it takes a long time to develop a brand in foreign markets, Chinese companies are good at research and development,” said Fang Han, the developer of StarMaker. For example, TikTok has more than one billion downloads in 150 markets and 75 languages worldwide, noted Harvard Business Review. Apart from showing videos to users according to their interests, it also offers simple creative video editing tools, such as music, filters (滤镜) and stickers (贴纸) to meet local cultural needs, reported People’s Daily. The Chinese government has also made great efforts to encourage companies to go global. In July 2021, a guideline came out. It says more efforts will be made to help with the companies’ research and development overseas. They are encouraged to work together with foreign technology companies in fields such as big data, 5G and artificial intelligence. 9．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The rising number of Apps. B．The promising global market. C．The Chinese apps getting big. D．The growing overseas revenue of apps. 10．What are music, filter and stickers intended for? A．Editing videos. B．Introducing the local culture. C．Beautifying the style. D．Drawing public attention. 11．What can we know from the text? A．The global markets mainly depends on Asia and Africa. B．The stylish Apps attract overseas customers more easily. C．The overseas revenue in 2020 is double of that in 2021. D．Innovative power matters in the popularity of the apps. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Chinese Apps Go Global B．Chinese Companies Market Themselves C．Chinese Apps Push Scientific Development D．Chinese Government Cares More about Global Market （22-23高一下·湖北·期末）Along the rocky Algerian coast, just east of where the bulky shape of Mount Chenoua slides into the Mediterranean, the sea and indifference may finally do what the Vandals did not. There, for more than 2,500 years, has stood Tipasa. It is considered as one of the most important archaeological sites in North Africa. Tipasa fell into ruin in the sixth century. Both its main complex on the coast and an inland monumental tomb were all but forgotten in the olive trees and thin pines. Most of the ancient city, in fact, remains buried beneath sediment (沉积物) up to 12 feet thick. For the last few decades, however, what’s left of Tipasa’s past has been increasingly surrounded by the expanding modern town of Tipasa from three sides. And to the north, the waves lap ever closer. “What’s special about Tipasa, a UNESCO–recognized World Heritage Site since 1982, is the charm of its landscape, the shared presence of history and archaeology, culture, nature, and architecture. It’s the spirit of the place,” said Lynda Aoudia Benali who has studied Tipasa and the ongoing challenges from both rapid urbanization and insufficient Site management. Now, Tipasa is entering a new chapter, perhaps its last: It’s become a symbol of an entire continent’s heritage in crisis. Recently, a team reported the results of hard work mapping how sea level rise is affecting nearly 300 World Heritage Sites around Africa’s roughly 20,000 miles of coastline. About 20 percent of the sites examined, including Tipasa, are already at higher risk from flooding and erosion (腐蚀). By 2050 that figure is expected to more than twice. The Site’s 2lst-century problems have only increased in the last two decades. UNESCO has repeatedly threatened to remove the site of World Heritage status. As recently as 2021, the organization noted a lot of problems at Tipasa, such as modern construction, including a proposed port, which threatened the site’s integrity. 13．What can we know about Tipasa? A．It was built one thousand years ago. B．It is the most important archeological site in Africa. C．It is considered as a well-known tourist attraction. D．It suffered complete damage in the sixth century. 14．What can we infer from Lynda Aoudia Benali’s words in Paragraph 3? A．Tipasa has its unique characteristics. B．Tipasa has experienced quick development. C．Tipasa became a World Heritage Site in the 1990s. D．Tipasa has been paid much attention to for its management. 15．What puts Tipasa at a higher risk according to the passage? A．The overdevelopment. B．The abundant tourists. C．The natural disasters. D．The severe pollution. 16．What will most probably happen to Tipasa? A．Its modern construction will be completely stopped. B．Its problems have been solved. C．Its effects of climate change will be avoided. D．Its World Heritage status is under threat. （22-23高一下·湖北·期末）When it comes to reading, we may be assuming that reading for knowledge is the best reason to pick up a book. Research, however, suggests that reading fiction may provide far more important benefits than nonfiction. It may be one of the best methods for building empathy (同理心), critical thinking and creativity. High-level business leaders have long enthusiastically praised the virtues of reading. But they almost always recommend nonfiction. Reading nonfiction might certainly be valuable for collecting knowledge. However, research suggests that reading fiction predicts a sharper ability to understand other people’s motivations. In addition, research suggests that reading literary fiction is an effective way to improve the brain’s ability to keep an open mind while processing information, a necessary skill for effective decision-making. In a 2013 study, researchers examined something called the need for cognitive closure (认知闭合), or the desire to “reach a quick conclusion in decision-making and an aversion to uncertainty and confusion”. Individuals with a strong need for cognitive closure rely heavily on “early information hints”, meaning they struggle to change their minds as new information becomes available. A high need for cognitive closure also means individuals are attracted to smaller bits of information and fewer viewpoints. Individuals who resist the need for cognitive closure tend to be more thoughtful, more creative, and more comfortable with competing narratives — all characteristics of high emotional intelligence. University of Toronto researchers discovered that individuals in their study who read short stories (as opposed to essays) demonstrated a lower need for cognitive closure. That result is not surprising given that reading literature requires us to slow down, take in volumes of information, and then change our minds as we read. There’s no easy answer in literature. Instead, there’s only perspective-taking. As readers, we’ll almost certainly find Lolita’s narrator Humbert Humbert hateful, but we are forced to experience how he thinks, a valuable exercise for decreasing our need for cognitive closure. 17．What does the second paragraph suggest about reading fiction? A．It can’t help us to keep motivated. B．It helps us to gather knowledge. C．It helps us to improve reading skills. D．It helps us to better understand others. 18．What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 3? A．Amazement. B．Desire. C．Dislike. D．Need. 19．What do we know about people with a high need for cognitive closure? A．They are unwilling to accept new things. B．They rely a little on the help of others. C．They are happy to accept new knowledge. D．They are in no hurry to draw conclusions. 20．What is the advantage of reading fiction according to the text? A．It can hardly change our mind. B．It can improve emotional intelligence. C．It can increase the need for cognitive closure. D．It can add the ability of literature appreciation. （22-23高一下·四川遂宁·期末）Endangered polar bears are breeding with grizzly bears, creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say. As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards. And with that growing contact between the two come increasing hybrids (杂交种), “pizzly” bears. With features that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats, some scientists guess that they could be here to stay. “Usually, the hybrids,“pizzly” bears aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a wider range of food sources, ” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. The rise of “pizzly” bears appears with polar bears’ decrease: their number is estimated to go down by more than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is related partly to “pizzly” bears taking up polar bears’ ranges, but also to polar bears’ highly specialized diets. “Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming,” DeSantis said, referring to fat meals such as seals. “Although all of these starving polar bears are trying to find alternative food sources like seabird eggs.” Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out(抵消) those they burn from searching for them. This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced. “We’re having massive impacts with climate change on species,” DeSantis said. “The polar bear is telling us how bad things are. In some sense, “pizzly” bears could be a sad but necessary compromise(妥协) given current warming trends.” 21．Why do polar bears move further south? A．To create hybrids. B．To expand territory. C．To deal with hunger. D．To contact grizzlies. 22．What makes “pizzly” bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents? A．Wider habitats. B．More food choices. C．Climate preference. D．Improved breeding ability. 23．What can we learn about polar bears from the passage? A．Polar bears are increasing. B．Polar bears like soft foods. C．Polar bears hate fat meals such as seals. D．Climate change can benefit polar bears. 24．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Polar bears are changing diets for climate change. B．Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change. C．“Pizzly” bears are on the rise because of global warming. D．“Pizzly” bears have replaced polar bears for global warming. （22-23高一下·江苏·期末）Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 25．Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on? A．The means by which it affects mood. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．Its impact on physical health. D．The extent to which it lifts mood. 26．How were the studies carried out? A．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. B．By observing students’ different reactions to foods. C．By collecting data about people from all walks of life D．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. 27．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To explain a rule. B．To introduce a concept. C．To make a suggestion. D．To present a fact. 28．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Science behind Comfort Food B．Comfort Food May not Work Wonders C．Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food D．Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy （22-23高一下·辽宁阜新·期末）Some researchers from the London School of Economics, Oxford University and University College London carried out a research on the Exploring What Matters course. The course is taught throughout the country and is run by volunteers, who have no formal training but bring people together to explore “the things that really matter in life”. The study found that satisfaction levels of those taking part increased by one point, increasing from 6.4 out of 10 to 7.4 after the course. Researchers said that this increase was greater than the boost people would get from being partnered rather than single (+0.59), and being employed rather than unemployed (+0.7). So far, more than 6,000 people in the UK have taken part in the eight-week course. People involved in the course learn how to cultivate (培养) happiness by taking positive action in their daily lives. They also learn how to have better relationships and create stronger communities. “I was quite sceptical,” said Jo Newstead, are tired health worker in London. “But I really enjoy it. There are nice people from all different backgrounds and we usually have a full discussion. It has made me focus on what I can do to help improve things for myself and for others.“ Mark Williamson, director of Action for Happiness, was not surprised by the study’s results. “This new research backs up what hundreds of people have already told us: taking part in these groups is life-changing,” he said. “But the thing we’re most excited about is that people coming out of this experience not only feel better about themselves, but also feel more connected to others and want to do more for others,” he added. 29．What do we know about the course? A．It is run by universities. B．It is managed by volunteers. C．It is taught all the year round. D．It explores difficult things in life. 30．How is the second paragraph developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By describing processes. C．By analysing causes. D．By giving examples. 31．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3? A．How to learn the course well. B．Benefits of taking the course. C．What people learn from the course. D．Problems to be solved during the course. 32．What can we learn about the course according to Mark Williamson? A．It makes people politer and kinder. B．It makes people happier and more helpful. C．It makes people smarter and more caring. D．It makes people more confident and humorous. （22-23高一下·新疆阿克苏·期末）Most students in America like popular music. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to the music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to the music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about the sports, the weather and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmes are music. Popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country, young people will buy his or her CDs or tapes. Some of the money from them goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, most of the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star. There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music which tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. It was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows which they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. 33．What can we learn from this text? A．Adult drivers play the music with large speakers. B．Most American students like popular music. C．Most American students like country music. D．Adult drivers listen to the world news. 34．How many kinds of music are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 35．How can popular music singers become national stars? A．By going to other places to perform. B．By taking part in competitions. C．By making lots of money. D．By making a CD or tape. 36．What’s country music today about? A．Life of western cowboys. B．Common life of Americans. C．Country life and love. D．School life in the country. （22-23高一下·河南驻马店·期末）For most of us, walking is something we do automatically. It doesn’t require much effort, so many of us fail to remember the benefits of walking for health. Physical activity doesn’t need to be hard. Whether you’re regularly active or not, even a quick ten-minute daily walk can deliver a host of health benefits. But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention, but it may also bring additional health benefits. One of the most well-studied benefits of walking backwards is improving stability and balance. Walking backwards can improve how a person walks and balance for healthy adults and those with knee problems. Walking backwards causes us to take shorter, more frequent steps, leading to improve the muscles of the lower legs. But the benefits of changing direction aren’t just that- -an interest in backwards movement has led researchers to discover various other benefits. While normal walking can help us maintain a healthy weight, walking backwards may be even more effective. Energy expenditure when walking backwards is almost 40 percent higher than walking at the same speed forwards, with one study showing reductions in body fat for women who completed a six-week backwards walk. Walking backwards is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. So, how can you add walking backwards into your exercise plan? When walking backwards, we’re more likely to crash into something or fall over, so in the interest of safety, it’s best to start indoors where you won’t crash into someone or outside in a flat, open area. Look over your shoulder. Keep your head and chest upright while reaching back with your big toe for each step, rolling through the foot from toe to heel. Once you become more confident walking backwards, you can begin to speed things up. 37．Why does the author mention “the benefits of walking” in the beginning? A．To introduce the topic. B．To show people’s lack of exercise. C．To lead us to the benefits of walking. D．To tell us the importance of walking. 38．What does the underlined word “expenditure” mean? A．Increase. B．Experiment. C．Consumption. D．Production. 39．What does the fourth paragraph talk about? A．When is safe to walk backwards? B．How can we start walking backwards? C．Why should we walk backwards? D．What’s weakness of walking backwards? 40．What is the best title for the passage? A．Physical Activity Is Easy And Simple B．Walking Doesn’t Require Any Special Equipment C．Walking Backwards Is Really Good For You D．Walking Ahead Challenges Our Brains and Bodies （22-23高一下·河南驻马店·期末）Britain is the sixth fattest country: within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required. It should not have taken a disease like COVID-19 to make people fully aware of the awful consequences of the UK’s obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, is strongly connected with a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest COVID-19 death rate in Europe. As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson’s experience of caching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike of an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months — ahead of a possible second wave of infections and the longer term. This obvious change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government’s approach, which doesn’t rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher rules, as with tobacco and alcohol. There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by the government that has seemingly put the food and drink industry’s financial interests over the health of the nation. 41．What has the government done with obesity in the past ten years? A．It has denied (否认) it is a national emergency. B．It has made unsatisfying plans to reduce it. C．It has taken effective steps to control it. D．It has called for immediate action on it. 42．What might the British government do next? A．Place less stress on financial interests. B．Set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol. C．Carry out a new strategy to cut obesity. D．Take action to reduce COVID-19 death rate. 43．From the passage, we can learn that______. A．the British government should have paid more attention to solving obesity B．the fast-spread disease COVID-19 resulted in the UK’s obesity C．the Prime Minister caught the virus and was admitted to ICU for obesity D．the British government has taken effective action to battle against obesity 44．What’s the best title for the text? A．UK Suffering from COVID-19 B．UK Ready for a Complete Change C．A Cause of Highest COVID-19 Death Rate D．Obesity: An Urgent Problem in the UK （22-23高一下·河南南阳·期末）What if you could look at all the things you do daily — walking from room to room, preparing a presentation at your desk, running up and down stairs to deliver washed clothes or taking a jog around the neighborhood—and know which ones will best help or hurt your brain? A new study attempted to answer that question by fixing activity monitors to the legs of nearly 4,500 participants(参与者)in the United Kingdom and tracking their 24-hour movements for seven days. Researchers then examined how participants’ behavior affected their short-term memory, problem-solving and processing skills. Here’s the good news: People who spent even small amounts of time on more energetic activities — as little as 6 to 9 minutes — compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities, had higher cognition (认知) scores. Middle physical activity is typically defined (定义) as quick walking or bicycling or running up and down stairs. Energetic movement, such as quick dancing, jogging, running, swimming and biking up a hill, will increase your heart rate and breathing. The study found doing just under 10 minutes of middle to energetic exercise each day improved the participants’ working memory but had its biggest effect on operative processes such as planning and organization. There is bad news as well: Spending more time sleeping, sitting or doing only gentle movement was connected to a negative (负面的) effect on the brain. The study found cognition reduced 1% to 2% after replacing an equal part of middle to energetic physical activity with eight minutes of still behavior, six minutes of light activities or seven minutes of sleep. That change is only a connection, not a cause and effect, due to the observational methods of the study. Additional studies need to be done to prove these findings and understand the role o each type of activity. However, the study highlights how even very small differences in people’ daily movement — less than 10 minutes — are connected to quite great changes in our cognitive health. 45．What’s the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To present some useful activities. B．To explain a situation. C．To attract the readers’ attention. D．To find the answer to a question. 46．What is the best for the brain’s function according to the text? A．Sitting still. B．Deep sleep. C．Light activities. D．Energetic exercise. 47．What can we know about the study from the last paragraph? A．Its results need further confirmation. B．It finds not all middle activities are beneficial. C．Its observational methods are different from others. D．It shows no relationship between exercise and the brain. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical Activity Types and Cognition B．Arrangement for Things You Do Daily C．Definition of Types of Physical Activity D．The Positive and Negative Effects on Brain 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了祖父母和孙辈住在一起的好处及对于两辈人同住的一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Being a grandparent is a big job, but grandparents have a lot of experience. In many cultures, grandparents are looked up to as a source of wisdom.(做祖父母是一项艰巨的工作，但祖父母有很多经验。在许多文化中，祖父母被视为智慧的源泉)”可知，许多文化中，祖父母被认为有丰富的知识和经验。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But after the adjustment period, you might find you enjoy having someone else in the house and a new person to spend time with. If your grandparent needs help, you might be the one to lend a hand. And your grandparent might be able to help you by playing a game with you, telling the best stories or fixing you a snack after school.(但经过调整期后，你可能会发现你喜欢有别人在家里，和一个新的人共度时光。如果你的祖父母需要帮助，你可能是那个伸出援手的人。你的祖父母可能会帮助你，和你一起玩游戏，给你讲最好的故事，或者在放学后给你准备点心)”可知，住在一起对祖父母和孙辈都有好处。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Kids who live with grandparents might miss their moms or dads and wish they could live with them instead. The grandparent may find it difficult to keep up with a kid and all of his or her needs. In this situation, both the kid and the grandparent should work together. Loving and caring for each other can be the glue that keeps everything together.(和祖父母住在一起的孩子可能会想念他们的妈妈或爸爸，希望他们能和他们住在一起。祖父母可能会发现很难跟上孩子和他或她的所有需求。在这种情况下，孩子和祖父母应该共同努力。彼此的爱和关心是把一切都粘合在一起的粘合剂)”可知，通过爱和照顾彼此，孩子和祖父母能和谐相处。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“And one more thing: You might want to put the first Sunday after Labor Day on your calendar. Why? It’s Grandparent’s Day!(还有一件事：你可能想把劳动节后的第一个星期天写在日历上。为什么？它是祖父母节)”可推知，最后一段，作者想要提醒孩子们庆祝“祖父母节”。故选A。 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家们发现，随着座头鲸数量的增长，它们发出唱歌声音的数量越来越少。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“When there were fewer of them, there was a lot of singing-now that there are lots of them, no need to be singing so much.(当它们数量少的时候，它们会唱很多歌——现在它们很多了，没有必要唱那么多。)”可知，让座头鲸歌唱的是孤独的感觉。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“As the density (密度) of whales increased, their singing behaviors changed. While 2 in 10 males made crying noises in 2004, 10 years later the number had dropped to 1 in 10, Dunlop said.(随着鲸鱼密度的增加，它们的歌唱行为也发生了变化。Dunlop说，2004年，每10个男性中就有2个会哭喊，而10年后，这一比例降至1/10。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是座头鲸行为上的改变。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段“singing played a big part in bringing in mates when populations severely(当种群数量严重……时，歌唱在吸引配偶方面发挥了重要作用)”和最后一段“Many humpbacks seek to bring in mates with a combination of singing and physical movements(许多座头鲸试图通过唱歌和身体动作的结合来吸引配偶)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“当种群数量严重下降时，唱歌在吸引配偶方面发挥了重要作用”，划线词declined的意思是“下降”，和dropped意思相近，故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The large increase in the humpback population during the study period provided valuable data about changes in the animals’ behavior and they must have been singers long before whaling reduced their numbers, said Simon Ingram.(西蒙·英格拉姆说，在研究期间座头鲸数量的大量增加提供了有关动物行为变化的宝贵数据，在捕鲸减少它们的数量之前，它们肯定早就是歌手了。)”可知，Simon Ingram会同意的观点是座头鲸的歌声很重要。故选C。 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国移动应用在全球范围内的影响力正在增长。 9．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“A rising number of Chinese mobile apps are having an influence around the world. From top short-video app TikTok to the biggest fashion app Shein and karaoke video app StarMaker, the Chinese apps are getting big.(越来越多的中国移动应用程序正在全球范围内产生影响。从顶级短视频应用TikTok到最大的时尚应用Shein和卡拉ok视频应用StarMaker，中国的应用正在变得越来越大。)”提到了中国的应用越来越强大，再根据划线词的下文“shown the strong innovative (创新的) power of Chinese companies.(展示了中国企业强大的创新能力)”可知，中国的应用越来越大这件事展示了中国企业的创新能力，所以划线词this指代的是“中国的应用越来越大”这件事。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Apart from showing videos to users according to their interests, it also offers simple creative video editing tools, such as music, filters (滤镜) and stickers (贴纸) to meet local cultural needs, reported People’s Daily.(据《人民日报》报道，除了根据用户的兴趣向他们展示视频外，它还提供简单的创意视频编辑工具，如音乐、滤镜和贴纸，以满足当地的文化需求。)”可知，音乐、滤镜和贴纸是用来编辑视频的。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Experts said that this has shown the strong innovative (创新的) power of Chinese companies. “The global market is promising for Chinese companies. Though it takes a long time to develop a brand in foreign markets, Chinese companies are good at research and development,” said Fang Han, the developer of StarMaker.(专家们认为，这体现了中国企业强大的创新能力(创新的)。“对中国企业来说，全球市场前景光明。虽然在国外市场开发一个品牌需要很长时间，但中国公司擅长研发，”StarMaker的开发者方涵说。)”可推知，创新能力对应用的受欢迎程度至关重要。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国移动应用在全球范围内的影响力正在增长，所以A选项“中国应用走向全球”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选A项。 13．D 14．A 15．C 16．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了位于阿尔及利亚的Tipasa世界遗产以及它未来面临着很多不确定性。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tipasa fell into ruin in the sixth century.”（蒂帕萨在六世纪沦为废墟。）可知，Tipasa在六世纪陷入废墟。从而可知，Tipasa在六世纪时遭到了彻底的破坏。故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段““What’s special about Tipasa, a UNESCO–recognized World Heritage Site since 1982, is the charm of its landscape, the shared presence of history and archaeology, culture, nature, and architecture. It’s the spirit of the place,” said Lynda Aoudia Benali who has studied Tipasa and the ongoing challenges from both rapid urbanization and insufficient Site management.”（蒂帕萨自1982年被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产，它的特别之处在于其景观的魅力，以及历史和考古、文化、自然和建筑的共同存在。这是这个地方的精神，”Lynda Aoudia Benali说，她研究了蒂帕萨以及快速城市化和场地管理不足带来的持续挑战。）可知，Tipasa自1982年起就被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产，其独特之处在于其优美的景观，它的历史、古迹、文化、自然和建筑共同存在。这就是这个地方的精神所在。从而可推断出，Tipasa有独一无二的特征。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句话“About 20 percent of the sites examined, including Tipasa, are already at higher risk from flooding and erosion (腐蚀).”（在被调查的遗址中，包括蒂帕萨在内的约20%已经面临更高的洪水和侵蚀风险。）可知，包括Tipasa在内，约20％的被调查地点已经面临洪水和侵蚀的高风险。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句话“UNESCO has repeatedly threatened to remove the site of World Heritage status.”（合国教科文组织曾多次威胁要取消该遗址的世界遗产地位。）可推知，联合国教科文组织曾多次威胁要剥夺该遗址的世界遗产地位。故选D项。 17．D 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读小说的好处及其理论基础。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“However, research suggests that reading fiction predicts a sharper ability to understand other people’s motivations.(然而，研究表明，阅读小说预示着更强的理解他人动机的能力)”可知，阅读小说预示着更强的理解他人动机的能力。由此可知，阅读小说有助于让人们更好地理解他人。故选D项。 18．词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“In a 2013 study, researchers examined something called the need for cognitive closure (认知闭合), or the desire to “reach a quick conclusion in decision-making and an aversion to uncertainty and confusion”.(在2013年的一项研究中，研究人员调查了一种名为“认知闭合需求”的东西，即“在决策过程中迅速得出结论，aversion不确定性和混乱”的欲望)”可知，“认知闭合需求”指一种面对一个模糊或者复杂的问题时，快速给问题找一个明确答案的强烈欲望，故而讨厌不确定性和混乱。由此推知，划线词aversion意为“厌恶，不喜欢” 。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“Individuals with a strong need for cognitive closure rely heavily on “early information hints”, meaning they struggle to change their minds as new information becomes available. A high need for cognitive closure also means individuals are attracted to smaller bits of information and fewer viewpoints..(对认知封闭有强烈需求的人严重依赖“早期信息暗示”，这意味着当新信息出现时，他们很难改变自己的想法。对认知封闭的高度需求也意味着个人会被更小的信息和更少的观点所吸引)”可知，对认知封闭有强烈需求的人不大情愿接受新生事物。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Research, however, suggests that reading fiction may provide far more important benefits than nonfiction. It may be one of the best methods for building empathy, critical thinking and creativity.(然而，研究表明，阅读小说可能比阅读非小说提供更重要的好处。这可能是培养同理心、批判性思维和创造力的最佳方法之一)”及第三段最后一句“Individuals who resist the need for cognitive closure tend to be more thoughtful, more creative, and more comfortable with competing narratives — all characteristics of high emotional intelligence.(那些抵制认知封闭需求的人往往更有思想，更有创造力，更能适应相互竞争的叙述——这些都是高情商的特征)”及最后一段最后一句“As readers, we’ll almost certainly find Lolita’s narrator Humbert Humbert hateful, but we are forced to experience how he thinks, a valuable exercise for decreasing our need for cognitive closure..(作为读者，我们几乎肯定会觉得《洛丽塔》的叙述者亨伯特·亨伯特可恨，但我们被迫体验他的思考方式，这是减少我们对认知封闭需求的宝贵练习)”可推知，阅读小说作品既然能减少我们对认知闭合的需求，那么反过来它就能够培养、提高我们的情商。故选B项。 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south, where they meet grizzlies, whose ranges are expanding northwards.(随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展)”可知，北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段““Usually, the hybrids, “pizzly” bears aren’t better suited to their environments than their parents, but these hybrids are able to search for a wider range of food sources, ” Larisa DeSantis, an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University, told Live Science. (生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯对《生活科学》说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”)”可知，更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period, a previous period of rapid warming(即使是在中世纪暖期（之前的快速变暖时期），北极熊也主要食用软性食物)”可知，北极熊喜欢软的食物。故选B。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangered polar bears are breeding with grizzly bears, creating “pizzly” bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.(科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”)”和倒数第二段“This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失)”以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选C。 25．D 26．D 27．C 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食品来缓解自己的情绪。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood.(心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了安慰性食物多大程度上能真正改善情绪)”可知，心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事调查了多少安慰性食物能真正改善情绪即该研究主要集中的是安慰性食物改善情绪的程度。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. (他们必须评估他们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉)”可知，研究者评估了学生们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉即通过比较学生在不同场合的感受而开展的。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.(从这些研究中得出的结论是什么？虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用。当然，每个人都可以偶尔放纵一下，但总的来说，这些都是例外，而不是规则)”可知，本段告知读者安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用，因此缓解情绪应该选择一些别的方法。故推断文章最后一段是作者想要给读者们提出建议。故选C。 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及通读全文可知，文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖舒适食品来缓解自己的情绪。由此可知，A选项“Comfort Food May not Work Wonders(安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹)”能够概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选B。 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 【导语】本文是说明文。来自伦敦经济学院、牛津大学和伦敦大学学院的一些研究人员对探索什么是重要的课程进行了研究。文章主要介绍了对此进行了介绍。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The course is taught throughout the country and is run by volunteers(这门课程在全国各地开设，由志愿者主持)”可知，这门课程由志愿者负责管理。故选B。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study found that satisfaction levels of those taking part increased by one point, increasing from 6.4 out of 10 to 7.4 after the course. Researchers said that this increase was greater than the boost people would get from being partnered rather than single (+0.59), and being employed rather than unemployed (+0.7).(研究发现，参加课程的人的满意度提高了一个百分点，从满分 10 分的 6.4 分上升到课程结束后的 7.4 分。研究人员表示，这一增幅大于人们从有伴侣而非单身（+0.59）以及就业而非失业（+0.7）中获得的提升。)”可知，研究发现相对于脱单和找到工作对满意的提高，参加该课程对满意度的提高更大，由此可推知，第二段主要是通过作比较的方式展开的，故选A。 31．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“People involved in the course learn how to cultivate (培养) happiness by taking positive action in their daily lives. They also learn how to have better relationships and create stronger communities.(参与课程的人学习如何通过在日常生活中采取积极行动来培养幸福感。他们还学习如何建立更好的人际关系，创建更强大的社区。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了人们从这门课程中可以学习哪些内容，故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“people coming out of this experience not only feel better about themselves, but also feel more connected to others and want to do more for others(从这种经历中走出来的人不仅自我感觉更好，而且感觉与他人联系更加紧密，想为他人做更多的事情)”可知，Mark Williamson认为这门课程让人们变得更加满足和乐于助人，故选B。 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美国人对音乐的热爱以及几种重要的音乐风格。 33．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Most students in America like popular music.(大多数美国学生喜欢流行音乐。)”可知，大多数美国学生喜欢流行音乐。故选B项。 34．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Most students in America like popular music.(大多数美国学生喜欢流行音乐。)”可知，此处提到了流行音乐，根据尾段中的“There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music which tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. It was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows which they were watching.(还有其他类型的音乐对美国人来说很重要。一种叫做民间音乐，它讲述的是美国人日常生活的故事。另一种叫做西部或乡村音乐。它是由牛仔们开始的，他们会在晚上对着他们看着的牛唱歌。)”可知，此处提到了两种音乐，一种是民乐，一种是西部或乡村音乐，由此可知，本文共提到了三种音乐。故选B项。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country, young people will buy his or her CDs or tapes.(他们制作CD或磁带供许多地方的广播电台使用。一旦这位流行歌手的歌声传遍全国，年轻人就会购买他或她的CD或磁带。)”可知，流行歌手制作CD或磁带供许多电台使用，一旦歌手的歌声传遍全国，年轻人就会买他们的CD或磁带，结合下文“Wherever the singer goes, most of the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.(无论这位歌手走到哪里，大多数年轻人都想见见他或她。现在这位歌手已经成为了一个全国性的明星。)”可知，在流行歌手的歌曲在全国传遍后，大多数年轻人都想见见这位流行歌手，然后这位歌手就成为一个全国的明星，综合以上信息可知，可以通过制作CD或者磁带成为全国性的明星。故选D项。 36．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.(今天，任何关于乡村生活和乡村男孩和他的女孩之间的爱情的音乐都被称为西部或乡村音乐。)”可知，所有关于乡村生活以及乡村男孩与女孩之间爱情的音乐都是西部音乐或乡村音乐，由此可知，今天的乡村音乐是关于乡村生活和爱情的。故选C项。 37．A 38．C 39．B 40．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。 37． 推理判断题。根据第一段“For most of us, walking is something we do automatically. It doesn’t require much effort, so many of us fail to remember the benefits of walking for health.(对我们大多数人来说，走路是一件自然而然的事情。它不需要太多的努力，所以我们很多人都忘记了散步对健康的好处)”以及第二段“But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention. but it may also bring additional health benefits.(但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”可推知，作者在开头提到“步行的好处”是为了引导我们“向后走”这一文章话题，由此展开“向后走”好处的讨论。故选A。 38．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“when walking backwards is almost 40 percent higher than walking at the same speed forwards”（向后走的速度比同样速度向前走的速度快40%）以及“with one study showing reductions in body fat for women who completed a six-week backwards walk.(研究表明完成六周倒走的女性体脂减少)”可知，倒走比以同样速度向前走消耗的能量高出近40%，故画线词意思是“消耗”。故选C。 39．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Walking backwards is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. So, how can you add walking backwards into your exercise plan? When walking backwards, we’ re more likely to crash into something or fall over, so in the interest of safety, it’s best to start indoors where you won’t crash into someone or outside in a flat, open area. Look over your shoulder. Keep your head and chest upright while reaching back with your big toe for each step, rolling through the foot from toe to heel. Once you become more confident walking backwards, you can begin to speed things up.(倒着走很简单，但这并不意味着它很容易。那么，怎样才能把倒着走加入到你的锻炼计划中呢？倒着走的时候，我们更有可能撞到什么东西或摔倒，所以为了安全起见，最好从室内开始，这样你就不会撞到别人，或者在外面平坦开阔的地方开始。回头看看。保持头部和胸部直立，每一步都用大脚趾向后伸，从脚趾到脚跟滚动。一旦你变得更有信心倒着走，你就可以开始加快速度了)”可知，第四段讲述了“倒走”的方法，即“我们如何开始倒走”。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Physical activity doesn’t need to be hard. Whether you’re regularly active or not, even a quick ten-minute daily walk can deliver a host of health benefits. But what happens if we stop walking ahead and start challenging our brains and bodies by walking backwards? Not only does this change of direction demand more of our attention, but it may also bring additional health benefits.(体育活动不需要很辛苦。无论你是否经常运动，即使是每天十分钟的快速步行也能带来许多健康益处。但是，如果我们停止向前走，开始向后走，挑战我们的大脑和身体，会发生什么呢？这种方向的改变不仅需要我们更多的关注。但它也可能带来额外的健康益处)”结合文章主要说明了倒走的好处以及如何开始倒走。可知，C选项“Walking Backwards Is Really Good For You.(倒着走真的对你有好处)”符合文章内容。故选C。 41．B 42．C 43．A 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的肥胖问题严重，政府采取了一些减少肥胖的措施，但是没有达到要求。 41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For more than a decade, the government has declared obesity (肥胖) a national emergency and promised to take action, only to produce disappointing plans that don’t reach what is required.(十多年来，政府一直宣布肥胖是国家紧急情况，并承诺采取行动，但结果却出台了令人失望的计划，没有达到要求)”可知，在过去的十年里，政府制定的减少肥胖的计划并不令人满意。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months — ahead of a possible second wave of infections and the longer term.(政府有望在本周制定一项新策略，旨在在未来几个月内降低肥胖水平——赶在可能出现的第二波感染之前，并在更长时间内降低肥胖水平)”可知，接下来，英国政府可能会实施一项减少肥胖的新策略。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by the government that has seemingly put the food and drink industry’s financial interests over the health of the nation. (关于减少肥胖需要做些什么，有很多证据。近年来，包括英国公共卫生部和前首席医疗官在内的许多报告都呼吁采取紧急行动。然而，这些呼吁被政府忽视了，政府似乎把食品和饮料行业的经济利益置于国民健康之上)”可推知，英国政府应该更加重视解决肥胖问题。故选A。 44．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Britain is the sixth fattest country: within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的成员国中，英国是第六胖的国家)”和最后一段中的“There is plenty of evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years, many reports, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. (关于减少肥胖需要做些什么，有很多证据。近年来，包括英国公共卫生部和前首席医疗官在内的许多报告都呼吁采取紧急行动)”可知，英国肥胖问题严重，应该引起政府和人们的高度重视。由此可知，D. Obesity: An Urgent Problem in the UK(肥胖：在英国一个迫在眉睫的问题)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 45．C 46．D 47．A 48．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于体育活动类型与认知之间的关系研究。 45．推理判断题。由文章第一段“What if you could look at all the things you do daily — walking from room to room, preparing a presentation at your desk, running up and down stairs to deliver washed clothes or taking a jog around the neighborhood—and know which ones will best help or hurt your brain? (如果你能看看你每天做的所有事情——从一个房间走到另一个房间，在办公桌前准备演讲，跑上跑下楼梯送洗好的衣服，或者在附近慢跑——并知道哪些最能帮助或伤害你的大脑，会怎么样？)”可推知，作者提出问题，是为了吸引读者的注意力。故选C。 46．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Here’s the good news: People who spent even small amounts of time on more energetic activities — as little as 6 to 9 minutes — compared to sitting, sleeping or gentle activities, had higher cognition (认知) scores. (好消息是：与坐着、睡觉或温和的活动相比，即使花很少的时间进行更有活力的活动，也只有6到9分钟，这些人的认知得分更高)”可知，更有活力的活动对大脑功能最好。故选D。 47．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“That change is only a connection, not a cause and effect, due to the observational methods of the study. Additional studies need to be done to prove these findings and understand the role o each type of activity. (由于这项研究的观察方法，这种变化只是一种联系，而不是因果关系。需要进行更多的研究来证明这些发现，并了解每种活动的作用)”可推知，这项研究的结果需要进一步确认。故选A。 48．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段中“However, the study highlights how even very small differences in people’ daily movement — less than 10 minutes — are connected to quite great changes in our cognitive health. (然而，这项研究强调，即使是人们日常活动的微小差异——不到10分钟——也与我们认知健康的巨大变化有关)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于体育活动类型与认知之间的关系研究。由此可知，Physical Activity Types and Cognition适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$