专题08 阅读理解之说明文(江苏名校真题)-2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（译林版2020）

阅读理解之说明文 (江苏名校期末真题) （23-24高二上·江苏宿迁·期末）Sharon Roseman was five years old when her world changed forever.She was playing Blind Man’s Bluff with friends outside her house.When she removed her blindfold (眼罩), she couldn’t recognize where she was.From that moment on, Roseman has been lost every day of her life. Roseman is not alone in her experience.As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment. Dr. Giuseppe Iaria of the University of Calgary in Canada is credited with first identifying DTD．He confirms that odd as it sounds, people with DTD have no brain damage. He thinks genetic factors are likely to be responsible for it. Paul Dudchenko, from the University of Stirling in the United Kingdom, has what he calls a place-cell theory. He says we get lost because all our hippocampal cells appear to be connected to landmarks. “They use things in the environment to orientate (确定方向) themselves and create a cognitive map,” he says. “If we don’t have things in the outside world to update the cognitive map, then it is likely to error.” That’s why people who are lost in a snowstorm, for instance, tend to go in circles. They think they’re heading in the right direction, but without external reference points their brain is unable to form a cognitive map, so they naturally tend to get lost. “There seems to be a systematic error in the way people with DTD place landmarks in their mind,” Dudchenko says. How exactly this happens is still under investigation, but Dudchenko thinks the answer lies in the relationship between the various regions of the brain responsible for spatial cognition (空间认知). For his part, Giuseppe Iaria is continuing with his research.Some of his recent work has focused on the role genes play in DTD．As well as helping sufferers of DTD, Iaria believes his research will offer an explanation for why some people are better at finding their way than others.While top researchers have more to learn, they are confident the answers won’t stay lost in the complexity of the brain forever. 1．Why does the author mention Roseman’s experience? A．To inform us of a sad story. B．To give us background information. C．To introduce a rare disease. D．To support the author’s argument. 2．What trouble would people with DTD have? A．Navigating novel and unfamiliar environments. B．Remembering the layout of their neighborhood. C．Understanding the detailed information on a map. D．Recalling the names of familiar places and people. 3．What does Dudchenko say about DTD? A．It gives rise to severe brain damage. B．It happens when cognitive map fails. C．It connects one’s brain and cognition. D．It arises from a systematic genetic error. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Genes play the most important role in DTD． B．The ability to find one’s way can be improved. C．Iaria’s research has already helped sufferers of DTD． D．The truth about DTD will be brought to light someday. （22-23高二下·江苏镇江·期末）The cold, wet weather of winter often puts out any wildfires that are still burning, but not in the far North areas, such as Alaska, Canada, and other parts of North America. Some forest fires just don’t die in these places. Think of the fires as “zombies” (僵尸): Scientists do. When summers are warmer than normal, some fires can hide through the winter. They burn dead plant matter and soils under snow. In May 2021, scientists reported their work to a scientific journal. The scientists saw that zombie fires are rare but they could become more common as the world warms, the study warns. “Some years, new fires were starting very close to the previous year’s fire,” explains Rebecca Scholten. She studies Earth and environmental sciences at Vrije University Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The new fires made scientists wonder how often fires might survive the winter. The scientists started by combing through firefighter reports. Then they compared these with satellite images of Alaska and northern Canada. The scientists looked for fires that began close to fires from the year before. They also focused on blazes starting before the middle of summer. Random lightning or human actions spark most fires in the area, Scholten says. But those fires happen later in the year. Zombie fires accounted for less than 1 percent of the total area burned by fires from 2002 to 2018. But it changed from year to year. Take 2008, for example. A zombie fire burned Alaska that year. It caused almost one-third of fire damage that year. One clear pattern emerged: Zombie fires were more likely to happen after very warm summers. High temperatures may allow fires to reach more deeply into the soil. Such deep burns are more likely to survive to spring. The zombie fire threat could grow. The climate is warming. Forests in the far North already are warming faster. “We’re seeing more hot summers and more large fires and intense burning,” Scholten says. Plus, zombie fires could cause more issues. The fires release huge amounts of greenhouse gases. These trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth. Scholten’s research could help fire management. Firefighters would know to check for them after warm summers. 5．What may lead to zombie fires according to the passage? A．wet weather B．hotter summers C．low temperatures D．cold winters 6．What can we learn about zombie fires from Paragraph 2? A．Where flames broke out provided the clue. B．Changing climate plays a role in the zombie fire threat. C．Zombie fires are less likely to happen after very warm summers. D．It is of little use comparing firefighter reports with satellite images. 7．What conclusion will be possibly made based on the last paragraph? A．It is important to understand zombie fires. B．Zombie fires are likely to be under control soon. C．Firefighters cannot do much to stop the zombie fires. D．We still have much to learn about the warming climate. 8．Which of the following could be the suitable title of the passage? A．“Zombie“ wildfires do great damage to land B．“Zombie” wildfires release greenhouse gases C．“Zombie“ wildfires sparked by human actions D．“Zombie” wildfires reappear after wintering underground （22-23高二下·江苏镇江·期末）A team of scientists recently published one of the most comprehensive efforts yet to understand just how much carbon great whales absorb from the ocean, and the value that presents in the fight against climate change. “Whales are large-bodied animals, and they live for a long time. Many of them migrate over vast distances,” said study leader Heibi Pearson, a marine biologist at the University of Alaska Southeast. “And so they have the potential to have these huge impacts on the ecosystem, including the carbon cycle.” In their most direct impact, whale bodies hold an enormous amount of carbon that would otherwise be in the ocean or atmosphere. Twelve great whale species hold an estimated 2 million tons of carbon in their bodies, the authors found.   And that’s just the living members of the whale family. Another 62,000 tons of carbon is kept under the sea every year in the form of whale falls. When a whale dies in open water and sinks into the deep, a lifetime of collected carbon goes with it. It can take up to 1,000 years for water and elements at the bottom of the sea to cycle back up to the surface, which means that carbon is effectively sequestered for that long. In addition, whales’ waste facilitates the growth of organisms at the base of the marine food chain, promoting the growth of carbon-consuming life throughout the ecosystem.    However, whale populations still haven’t recovered from the destructive effects of industrial whaling. Commercial hunting in the 19th and 20th centuries decreased the total mass of whales on the planet by 81%, according to the authors. “Whales alone are not going to solve climate change, but thinking about whales as playing a role in the carbon cycle can help motivate whale conservation,” said Andrew Pershing, a co-author of the study. “There are a lot of win-wins there, and I think that’s very true of a lot of natural climate solutions.” 9．How do whales influence the climate change? A．By storing carbon in their bodies. B．By speeding the carbon cycle. C．By absorbing carbon from the air. D．By consuming carbon on their migration. 10．What does the underlined word “sequestered” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Employed. B．Trapped. C．Monitored. D．Measured. 11．What can we learn about whales from the text? A．Their population has risen by 81%. B．Their waste contributes to the ecosystem. C．Whale hunting has been banned altogether. D．Their death will break the marine food chain. 12．What is implied in Andrew Pershing’s words? A．We can rely on whales to change climate. B．Whale protection still has a long way to go. C．We’ll soon win the battle against climate change. D．Whale protection is beneficial to solving climate issues. （22-23高二下·江苏镇江·期末）If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you had been struggling with, it may not be a surprise. Rather than constantly concentrating on a problem, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought. “People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times,” says Kalina Christoff, a scientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, “because our culture tells us that we should do it through hard work.” Now researchers begin to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain. They have found that the key is a series of brain activities—within what’s called the default mode (DM) network—that occur while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention. “Simply put, it is a state that your brain returns to when you’re relaxed,” explains Christoff. “By contrast, when you’re working on a demanding task, the brain’s executive control (EC) systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.” Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation, drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world. When your mind wanders, you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind, which helps you combine information and ideas in new ways and something clicks. “A cautionary note: While the DM network plays a key role in the creative process, it is the EC systems that help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to your problems in the real world,” Christoff says. “So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind wandering. Instead, you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in the first place.” 13．What is the most unlikely function of the EC systems? A．To start your thinking process. B．To help you analyze. C．To let you get novel ideas D．To keep you focused. 14．What do the underlined words “something clicks” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．A clever idea occurs. B．Something drops down. C．A memory disappears. D．A funny thought happens. 15．What is Kalina Christoff’s attitude to the culture of hard work? A．Disapproving. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 16．Which statement might the author agree with? A．Practice makes perfect. B．Where there is a will, there is a way. C．Everything comes to him who waits. D．All work and no break makes Jack a dull boy. （22-23高二下·江苏宿迁·期末）Have you ever imagined getting to the airport in a flying taxi, soaring over those who are stuck in traffic below? What would you feel if electric air taxis could one day take you from downtown to the suburbs, high above expressway traffic, in a tiny amount of the time it takes to drive? It’s not a dream in the distant future. It’s the vision of electric aircraft developer Eve, which is leading a group of aviation companies and local governments conducting simulations (模拟) in Chicago. Though the aircraft are likely years away from receiving official approval to fly, it’s a vision shared by other major companies, like Chicago-based United Airlines, which recently struck a conditional agreement to purchase at least 200 of Eve’s flying taxis. The concept of bypassing (绕开) traffic by air isn’t new. But Eve co-CEO And re Stein said the air taxis are nothing like conventional electric helicopters or flying cars. They are designed to use eight motors distributed around the aircraft to take off vertically, then electric pushers and wings to glide forward. Stein hopes the air taxis to help passengers reach meetings across town or providing away to get home quickly in time for a child’s birthday. Compared to an everyday option like public transport, they can help save time when necessary. Besides, the new technology is expected to make air taxis more affordable than helicopters and the ticket price could be around $ 100 to travel 20 miles. Stein also boasts what he describes as improved efficiency and sustainability. “It’s much simpler, much lower maintenance than a helicopter, much quieter,” he said. For now, Eve hopes their work will help provide a better understanding of how the air taxis could fit into current air traffic patterns and how they can connect with users journey via ground transport to the heliport. “It’s really about bringing another option for urban air mobility,” Stein said. 17．Why does the author raise two questions in paragraph 1? A．To express his doubts. B．To arrange air transport. C．To introduce Eve’s vision. D．To present current situation. 18．What is the company Eve doing in Chicago? A．Cooperating with taxi companies. B．Working at developing flying taxis. C．Carrying out simulations in the lab. D．Negotiating with local governments. 19．What is Stein’s attitude to electric air taxis? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．In different. D．Conservative. 20．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The concept of urban air mobility. B．The benefits of air traffic patterns. C．The prospect of flying taxi service. D．The evolution of ground transport. （22-23高二下·江苏南京·期末）Scientists have discovered more than 5,000 new species living on the seabed in an untouched area of the Pacific Ocean that has been identified as a future hotspot for deep-sea mining, according to a review of the environmental surveys carried out in the area. It is the first time the previously unknown biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a mineral-rich area of the ocean floor that spans 1.7m sq miles between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific, has been comprehensively documented. The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent. Most of the animals identified by researchers exploring the zone are new to science, and almost all are unique to the region: only six, including a carnivorous sponge and a sea cucumber, have been seen elsewhere. Contracts for mining exploration in the CCZ have been granted to 17 deep-sea mining contractors in an area covering 745,000 sq miles. The companies, which are backed by countries including Britain, the US and China, want to dig for minerals including cobalt manganese and nickel in part to sell to the alternative energy sector. To better understand the impact of mining this fragile ecosystem and its newly discovered inhabitants, an international team of scientists has built the first “CCZ checklist” by compiling all the records from expeditions to the region. Published in the journal Current Biology, it includes 5,578 different species, of which an estimated 88% to 92% had never before been seen. To study and collect specimens (样品) from the ocean floor, biologists have joined research cruises in the Pacific that send remote-controlled vehicles to traverse (穿越) the seabed 4,000 to 6,000 meters below. Adrian Glover, a deep-sea biologist at the NHM and senior author of the study described it as an “incredible privilege”. The expedition, funded through the Natural Environment Research Council and others, is backed by UK Seabed Resources (UKSR), a deep-sea mining company that operates the UK’s exploration area. The scientists watch operations by video link direct from the boat as new species are gathered by remote control vehicles in the darkness below. The seabed, Glover said, is an “amazing place” where, despite the extreme cold and dark, life thrives. “One of the characteristics of the abyssal plain is the lack of food, but life has a way of persisting down there,” he said, “It’s a mystery.” One of the deep-sea animals discovered was nicknamed the “gummy squirrel”, because of its huge tail and jelly-like appearance, he said. There are also glass sponges, some of which look like vases. With approval for deep-sea mining looming, Glover said he believed it was “imperative that we work with the companies looking to mine these resources to ensure any such activity is done in a way that limits its impact upon the natural world”. 21．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “imminent”? A．Easy to carry out. B．Ready to take place. C．Hard to cope with. D．Important to look over. 22．What is the primary focus of the research in Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ)? A．Identifying new species living on the seabed. B．Assessing the risk of extinction of species. C．Documenting the biodiversity of the area. D．Exploring the potential for deep-sea mining. 23．What is the feature of the abyssal plain mentioned by Adrian Glover? A．Abundance of food. B．Extreme lifeless environment. C．Presence of glass sponges. D．Prosperous life despite challenging conditions. 24．What’s the best title of the passage? A．A magic zone:available to mining companies B．A mineral-rich area: Clarion-Clipperton Zone C．An “amazing place”: new species booming D．Deep-sea wonders: the new species found in a Pacific mining hotspot （22-23高二下·江苏南京·期末）An open letter, attracting signatures from the likes of Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, was released early last week. It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology. AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard. “I think many people aren’t well prepared for the pace and scale of these AI models. They are ideal for spreading misinformation, cheating people out of their money and convincing employees to click on dangerous links in emails.” says Michael Osborne, a machine leaning researcher of AI company Mind Foundry, who signed the letter. “I feel that a 6-month pause would give regulators enough time to catch up with the rapid pace of advances.” Privacy is another emerging concern, as critics worry that systems could exactly reproduce personal information from their training sets. Italy’s data protection authority prohibited ChatGPT on 31 March over concerns that Italians’ personal data are being used to train Open AI’s models. Some technologists warn of deeper security threats. Planned ChatGPT-based digital assistants that can read and write emails could offer new opportunities for hackers. Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect. Some researchers are working on “watermarking”- creating a digital signature in the AI’s output. However, a recent research finds that tools which slightly change AI-produced text can easily defeat this approach. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead. He notes the people behind the letter are heavily involved in the tech world, which he thinks gives them a narrow perspective on the potential risks. 25．What is the main purpose of the open letter? A．To raise awareness about the potential risks of AI technology. B．To call for a temporary pause in AI development. C．To advocate for stricter regulations on AI companies. D．To gather support from influential figures in the tech industry. 26．What’s the impact of AI on many people, as mentioned in the second paragraph? A．It has come as a shock to many people. B．It has led to increased collaboration among tech companies. C．It has resulted in widespread acceptance of AI technology. D．It has sparked concerns about privacy protection. 27．What does the author aim to show by mentioning “watermarking” in Paragraph 5? A．It is hard to sign digitally. B．It is easy to detect AI’s output. C．It is wise to leave a watermark D．It is tough to settle AI problems. 28．What is Bill Gate’s opinion regarding the proposed pause in AI development? A．He believes it will effectively address the challenges ahead. B．He thinks the people behind the letter lack vision on the risks. C．He supports the call for stricter regulations on AI companies. D．He casts doubts on the effectiveness of the pause. （22-23高二下·江苏徐州·期末）Sam Altman, CEO of the San Francisco startup OpenAI that developed ChatGPT, his company’s chatbot tool, on Tuesday urged US lawmakers to regulate artificial intelligence “We think that regulatory intervention (干预) by governments will be critical to mitigate the risks of increasingly powerful models. My worst fears are that we, the field, the technology industry cause significant harm to the world. ” Altman said. “I think if this technology goes wrong, it can go quite wrong, and we want to be vocal about that, ”Altman added. “We want to work with the government to prevent that from happening The 38-year-old Stanford University dropout said the potential for AI to be used to influence voters is among “my areas of greatest concern”, especially because “we’re going to face an election next year and these models are getting better”. He said his company’s technology may destroy some jobs but also create new ones and that it will be important for government to figure out how we want to reduce that”. Altman said the government could regulate the industry by creating an agency that issues licenses for the creation of large-scale AI models, safety regulations and tests that AI models must pass before being released to the public. The rapid development of ChatGPT with an estimated 100 million users within two months has sparked an industry race, with Microsoft, an investor in OpenAI, enabling ChatGPT in the Windows operating system and Google adding its own so-called generative AI systems including one called Bard, to its app. The latest forms of AI also have drawn criticism from some of tech’s biggest names for their potential to disrupt(扰乱)millions of jobs and spread misinformation. Altman said OpenAI pretests and constantly updates its tools to ensure safety and that making them widely available to the public actually helps the company identify and mitigate risks. 29．According to Altman, why should the government regulate AI? A．To accelerate industry race    . B．To provide job opportunities. C．To avoid influencing voters. D．To prevent its potential harm. 30．What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in paragraph 3? A．Remove B．Pose C．Reduce D．Adapt 31．What has the rapid development of ChatGPT resulted in? A．The birth of Bard B．100 million users C．The spread of misinformation D．An industry race 32．What is the best title for the text? A．Government involved in AI risk B．Strict regulations urged on AI C．OpenAI updated for safety D．Jobs destroyed by ChatGPI （22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期末）A pill has been used to electrically stimulate stomach cells in pigs in order to increase levels of ghrelin (胃饥饿素), a hormone which regulates hunger and eases nausea (恶心) . If the technology translates to humans, it could treat nausea and lack of appetite in people with eating disorders, or those receiving treatments for cancer. Current interventions, which use electrical stimulation to ease symptoms (症状) of nausea, require invasive (侵入的) surgeries. So, Giovanni Traverso at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues designed a non-invasive capsule. Inside the capsule, a battery generates electrical currents that travel along a gold wire wound around the outside. The gaps carved onto the surface of the capsule absorb fluid so that the wire can electrically stimulate stomach tissue that sets off the release of ghrelin. The device is coated in a thin covering that breaks down once it reaches the stomach. Traverso and his team tested the capsule in 13 pigs. Eleven of the animals received 20 minutes of stimulation while the other two received no stimulation. The researchers measured blood levels of ghrelin before and 10 minutes after stimulation. They found that, on average, ghrelin increased by about 40 per cent in pigs that underwent stimulation. “The levels we see are comparable to levels that we would expect to cause hunger or prevent nausea, but we didn’t evaluate those symptoms in animals,” says Traverso. “Part of the next steps involves doing this in humans to understand whether nausea, for example, can be treated using this system.” “To my knowledge, this is the first absorbable device that can deliver electrical stimulation to the human body,” says Stavros Zanos at the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research in New York. “The technology could be adjusted to deliver electrical stimulation to other organ tissues,” he added. 33．Why did Traverso and his team design a new capsule? A．To avoid invasive surgeries. B．To ease symptoms of nausea. C．To increase levels of ghrelin. D．To test the efficiency of the capsule. 34．What might cause stomach tissue to release ghrelin? A．A battery inside the capsule. B．The gaps carved onto the surface. C．A thin covering outside the capsule. D．Electrical currents conducted by the wire. 35．What does “this” refer to in paragraph 5? A．Causing hunger. B．Preventing nausea. C．Evaluating symptoms. D．Comparing levels of ghrelin. 36．What does Stavros Zanos think of the device? A．Promising. B．Unrealistic. C．Perfect. D．Impractical. （22-23高二下·江苏泰州·期末）It could be said that trees naturally call for attention as they climb toward the sky with their arms outstretched. Yet, it’s still easy for us to ignore them. As we rush through our own day-to-day lives, trees seem to play the role of an insignificant backdrop. Nothing could be further from the truth. Rooted to a single spot, trees appear sill.But that stillness is not associated with laziness. In fact, trees are guards of the planet as the impact of their hard work carries miles farther than the ground in which they stand. Globally, trees are the most cost-effective tool in promoting biodiversity. They support the survival of a significant number of animals. For example, a big reason why ring-tailed lemurs (狐猴) are endangered is that half of the forests they depend on in Madagascar off the East coast of Africa were cut down. Not only do animals depend on trees for shelter, trees are significant to the health of humans as well. In fact, doctors in Canada are so convinced of trees’ benefits for the mind and body that they recommend patients visit national parks. Trees help a lot in tackling climate change too. They absorb and store carbon dioxide(CO2) — the key greenhouse gas emitted by our cars and power plants — before it has a chance to reach the upper atmosphere and trap heat around the Earth’s surface. So it’s time to put trees in the spotlight. The Arbor Day Foundation, the world’s largest nonprofit, is devoted to this exact mission: inspiring people to plant,protect, and honor trees. We know there’s never been a more important time for trees. And we know there’s never been a more important time for mankind to engage in its role as environmental guards. This isn’t a one-sided relationship. What we give to nature we will receive in return, tenfold (十倍地). So as springtime arrives once again, take a moment and appreciate what a tree can be. 37．What does the author mainly want to tell us by giving the example of ring-tailed lemurs? A．Trees are insignificant for their stillness. B．Trees play a vital role in cleaning the air. C．Trees provide critical habitats for creatures. D．Half of the forests in Madagascar were cut down. 38．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To provide advice on planting trees. B．To call for human attention to trees. C．To show the best time of planting trees. D．To stress the impact of trees on humans. 39．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? 1=Paragraph One 2= Paragraph Two 3= Paragraph Three 4= Paragraph Four 5=Paragraph Five A． B． C． D． 40．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Trees: Cleaners of the Environment B．Trees: Shelters for Creatures C．Trees: Defenders of Human Health D．Trees: Guards of the Planet （22-23高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Who says that being roommates with someone from a completely different generation has to be strange? Lately, more and more Americans are becoming intergenerational roommates who are separated by at least one generation living together. They’re changing the way people think they should be living. There has been a major increase in intergenerational roommate arrangements within the United States since 1971. In fact, statistics show that this number has actually quadrupled(增长四倍) since then. In a Pew Research Center article, it shared that by March 2021, there were at least 59.7 million US residents that had multiple generations living underneath one roof. There are a ton of factors that come into play for these types of arrangements. For some, it’s because of the increase in the average life-expectancy age, a decreased birth rate, a rise in college tuition, the ever rising rentals occurring in almost every coastal city, and more. But if anything, many claim that one main reason behind the rise is due to older people having space to rent out and that having younger folk around just makes them happier. According to a 25-year-old robotics student living in Massachusetts, Nadia Abdullah, who moved in with her 64-year-old roommate Judith in 2019, “It was perfect — Judith has become like my family.” Their arrangement was $700 a month from Nadia, plus the promise of her doing some help around the house. This also allowed Nadia to live just 6-miles from Boston and 30-minutes from her robotics job located in Beverly Mass. Nadia was matched with Judith through website, a renting hub(中心) specifically created to find intergenerational roommates. Another young renting hub reviewer, Kaplan, also gave some insight into the service and why it’s so special, saying, “Through this, I lived with Sarah while attending Harvard. She provided the type of knowledge you just can’t Google-showing me how to garden, how to cook fish, and add French Romanticism to life.” 41．What is the increasing housing trend in the text? A．More residents are living together as roommates. B．Strangers of a generation are living together like a family. C．Different generations are living underneath the same roof. D．family members of different generations are living together. 42．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．The types of the arrangements. B．The reasons for the arrangements. C．The solutions to the arrangements. D．The problems with the arrangements. 43．What could Kaplan learn from the roommate? A．How to google special knowledge. B．How to show someone a garden. C．How to fish before cooking. D．How to live a romantic life. 44．What can be concluded from Nadia and Kaplan’s experiences? A．The website is popular with university students. B．The intergenerational roommates should help each other. C．The intergenerational roommate arrangements work well. D．The elderly benefit more than the young from the arrangements. （22-23高二下·江苏淮安·期末）Perhaps one day, robots could be cleaning up human-caused pollution in the ocean. At least that’s what scientists hope to achieve with the development of Jellyfish-Bot (水母机器人), a robotic device which looks like a jellyfish that could help pick up pollutants underwater. The robot is about the size of a hand. The artificial muscles, called HASELs, can contract and expand, allowing Jellyfish-Bot to move through the water. Like a real jellyfish, the robot’s movements create currents beneath it. Jellyfish use the currents to collect nutrients, while Jellyfish-Bot uses these motions to trap pollutants. The robots move at a speed of 6.1 centimeters per second, trapping objects along the way, whether it’s a single robot or multiple ones working together. With larger objects, it may require at least two robots to collect and bring the items to the surface for recycling. “It is also able to collect fragile biological samples such as fish eggs. Meanwhile, there is no negative impact on the surrounding environment. The interaction with aquatic (水生的) species is gentle and nearly noise-free,” explained Tianlu Wang, a postdoctoral researcher. According to the researchers, the robot is no louder than background noise, so it shouldn’t menace sea life. The insulating polymer (绝缘聚合物) shell around the robot shouldn’t harm humans or fish if it were to be torn apart. For now, the robots are powered by thin wires, which prohibits their practical use in oceanic settings. But the scientists hope that they can achieve a wireless Jellyfish-Bot in the near future. “Seventy percent of oceanic litter is estimated to sink to the seabed. Plastics make up more than 60% of this litter, taking hundreds of years to degrade. Therefore, we saw an urgent need to develop a robot to move or control objects such as litter and transport it upwards,” Scientist Hyeong-Joon Joo said. “We hope that underwater robots could one day assist in cleaning up our oceans.” 45．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The working principle of Jellyfish-Bot. B．The main parts of Jellyfish-Bot. C．The effect of the robot on the ocean. D．The threat of pollutants to the ocean. 46．What does the underlined word “menace” mean in paragraph 4? A．Destroy. B．Threaten. C．Transform. D．Dominate. 47．What do we know about wireless Jellyfish-Bots? A．They have been widely used underwater. B．They lack practical use in oceanic settings. C．They will take the place of the wire robots. D．They will be researched and developed for use. 48．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．It’s of great urgency to clean up ocean pollutants B．A new function of robot is just around the corner C．Jellyfish-Bot makes a lot of difference to the ocean D．An underwater robot could help clean up ocean pollutants 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们对DTD这一罕见疾病的研究和解释。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sharon Roseman was five years old when her world changed forever. She was playing Blind Man’s Bluff with friends outside her house. When she removed her blindfold (眼罩), she couldn’t recognize where she was. From that moment on, Roseman has been lost every day of her life.(Sharon Roseman五岁时，她的世界永远地改变了。她正在屋外和朋友们玩“盲人的虚张声势”。当她摘下眼罩时，她不知道自己身在何处。从那一刻起，Roseman每天都在迷失自己。)”以及文章第二段“Roseman is not alone in her experience. As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.( Roseman并不是唯一一个有这种经历的人。2008年，作为一个生活在科罗拉多州丹佛市的成年人，Roseman被诊断出患有一种罕见的新发现的疾病，叫做发展性地形定向障碍(DTD)，这种疾病会极大地影响人们在熟悉的环境中导航的能力。)”可知，文章提到Sharon Roseman的经历，是为了引出本文的主题，即DTD这种疾病的相关知识。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As an adult living in Denver, Colorado, in 2008, Roseman was diagnosed with a rare and newly discovered condition called Developmental Topographical Disorientation(DTD), which is a disorder that dramatically affects people’s abilities to navigate their familiar environment.( 2008年，作为一个生活在科罗拉多州丹佛市的成年人，Roseman被诊断出患有一种罕见的新发现的疾病，叫做发展性地形定向障碍(DTD)，这种疾病会极大地影响人们在熟悉的环境中导航的能力。”)可知，这种疾病是一种影响人们在熟悉环境中导航能力的疾病，由此可知，患上这类疾病的人无法记住自己居住地的布局，导致在日常生活中容易迷失方向。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““They use things in the environment to orientate (确定方向) themselves and create a cognitive map,” he says. “If we don’t have things in the outside world to update the cognitive map, then it is likely to error.”(他说：“他们利用环境中的事物来定位自己，并创建一个认知地图。如果我们没有外部世界的东西来更新认知地图，那么它很可能会出错。”)”以及第五段““There seems to be a systematic error in the way people with DTD place landmarks in their mind,” Dudchenko says. How exactly this happens is still under investigation, but Dudchenko thinks the answer lies in the relationship between the various regions of the brain responsible for spatial cognition (空间认知).(“患有DTD的人在脑海中定位地标的方式似乎存在系统性错误，”Dudchenko说。这究竟是如何发生的仍在调查中，但Dudchenko认为答案在于大脑中负责空间认知的各个区域之间的关系。)”可知，Dudchenko认为患有DTD的人在脑海中定位地标的方式似乎存在系统性错误，从而导致无法创建认知地图。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While top researchers have more to learn, they are confident the answers won’t stay lost in the complexity of the brain forever.(虽然顶级研究人员还有更多的东西要学，但他们相信答案不会永远消失在大脑的复杂性中。)”可知，虽然关于DTD还有许多信息没有弄清楚，但是研究人员对于解开其真相还是有信心的。故选D。 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了什么是“僵尸火”、“僵尸火”发生的原因及其危害等。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Some forest fires just don’t die in these places. Think of the fires as “zombies” (僵尸): Scientists do. When summers are warmer than normal, some fires can hide through the winter.(在这些地方，有些森林火灾是不会熄灭的。把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。)”可知，热的夏天可能会导致僵尸火灾。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Some years, new fires were starting very close to the previous year’s fire(有些年份，新的火灾发生的地点与前一年的火灾非常接近)”和“The scientists looked for fires that began close to fires from the year before.(科学家们寻找的是前一年附近发生的火灾。)”可知，火灾发生的地点提供了僵尸火灾的线索。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Plus, zombie fires could cause more issues.  The fires release huge amounts of greenhouse gases.  These trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.  The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth.  Scholten’s research could help fire management.  Firefighters would know to check for them after warm summers.(另外，僵尸火灾可能会引发更多问题。大火释放出大量的温室气体。它们将热量困在地球大气中。大气层是环绕地球的一层气体。Scholten的研究可能有助于火灾管理。在温暖的夏天之后，消防员会知道要检查它们。)”可知，根据最后一段可能得出的结论是了解僵尸火灾很重要。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Think of the fires as “zombies” (僵尸): Scientists do. When summers are warmer than normal, some fires can hide through the winter. They burn dead plant matter and soils under snow. In May 2021, scientists reported their work to a scientific journal. The scientists saw that zombie fires are rare but they could become more common as the world warms, the study warns.(把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。它们燃烧死的植物和积雪下的土壤。2021年5月，科学家们向一家科学杂志报告了他们的工作。研究警告说，科学家们发现僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍。)”可知，本文主要讲的是僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍，因此最好的题目是D选项““Zombie” wildfires reappear after wintering underground(“僵尸”野火在地下过冬后再次出现)”。故选D。 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，该研究揭露了大型鲸鱼应对气候变化方面的价值。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In their most direct impact, whale bodies hold an enormous amount of carbon that would otherwise be in the ocean or atmosphere. Twelve great whale species hold an estimated 2 million tons of carbon in their bodies, the authors found.(在它们最直接的影响中，鲸鱼身体含有大量的碳，否则这些碳会在海洋或大气中。作者发现，12种大型鲸鱼体内估计含有200万吨碳。)”可知，鲸鱼影响气候的直接方式就是在身体中储存大量的碳，否则这些碳将会在海洋或大气中。故选A。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Another 62,000 tons of carbon is kept under the sea every year in the form of whale falls. When a whale dies in open water and sinks into the deep, a lifetime of collected carbon goes with it. It can take up to 1,000 years for water and elements at the bottom of the sea to cycle back up to the surface(每年还有62000吨碳以鲸鱼的形式保存在海底。当一头鲸鱼死在开阔水域并沉入深海时，它一生收集的碳也随之而去。海底的水和元素可能需要长达1000年的时间才能循环回到海面)”可知，鲸鱼死亡时身体中的碳随鲸鱼一起沉入海底，需要长达1000年才能循环回到海面，因此碳是被隔离在它的身体内，划线单词sequestered意为“隔离、储存”。与选项B“Trapped(困住，绊住)”意思接近。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In addition, whales’ waste facilitates the growth of organisms at the base of the marine food chain, promoting the growth of carbon-consuming life throughout the ecosystem.(此外，鲸鱼的废物促进了海洋食物链底部生物的生长，促进了整个生态系统中消耗碳的生命的生长。)”可知，鲸鱼的废物促进了整个生态系统中消耗碳的生命的生长。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Whales alone are not going to solve climate change, but thinking about whales as playing a role in the carbon cycle can help motivate whale conservation,” said Andrew Pershing, a co-author of the study. “There are a lot of win-wins there, and I think that’s very true of a lot of natural climate solutions.”(该研究的合著者Andrew Pershing说：“仅靠鲸鱼无法解决气候变化问题，但考虑到鲸鱼在碳循环中发挥的作用，可以帮助激励鲸鱼保护。这是双赢的，我认为很多自然气候解决方案都是如此。”)”可知，Andrew Pershing认为鲸鱼在碳循环中发挥作用，鲸鱼保护有助于解决气候变化问题。故选D。 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创意经常会在放松状态下出现的心理机制。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘By contrast, when you’re working on a demanding task, the brain’s executive control (EC) systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.’”（“相比之下，当你在处理一项要求很高的任务时，大脑的执行控制系统(EC)会让你的思维保持集中、分析性和逻辑性。”）”可知，EC系统主导的是有意识的思维活动而不是无意识的创意思维活动，让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，保持你集中，不能让你获得新的想法。故选C。 14．词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation, drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world.（研究人员发现，DM网络也参与了想法产生的早期阶段，从过去的经验和对世界的了解中汲取知识。）”结合划线句“When your mind wanders, you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind, which helps you combine information and ideas in new ways and something clicks.( 当你走神的时候，你允许一些想法在你的脑海中嬉戏，这有助于你以新的方式结合信息和想法，并something clicks。)”可推断，something clicks与idea generation所表达的意思相近，即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合起来，这样一个聪明的想法就产生了。故划线部分与A项“一个聪明的想法产生”意思相符。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind wandering. Instead, you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in the first place.”（盲目相信创造性的想法可以在淋浴或任何其他类型的走神过程中产生是不明智的。相反，你必须先做一些工作，为创意的出现打下基础）”可知，Kalina Christoff认为不能盲目相信在走神过程中会产生是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推断他对努力工作这一文化持正面态度的。故选B。 16．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段“If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you had been struggling with, it may not be a surprise. Rather than constantly concentrating on a problem, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought.（如果你曾经洗完澡或散步回来，想到了一个聪明的主意或解决了你一直在纠结的问题，这可能并不奇怪。过去15年的研究表明，人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时，可能更有可能取得创造性突破，而不是一直专注于一个问题）”可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选D。 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Eve开发的电动飞行出租车。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever imagined getting to the airport in a flying taxi, soaring over those who are stuck in traffic below? What would you feel if electric air taxis could one day take you from downtown to the suburbs, high above expressway traffic, in a tiny amount of the time it takes to drive?(你有没有想象过乘坐一辆会飞的出租车去机场，从那些被堵在下面的人头上飞过？如果有一天电动空中出租车能把你从市中心带到郊区，远离高速公路的交通，你会有什么感觉？)”和文章第二段“It’s the vision of electric aircraft developer Eve, which is leading a group of aviation companies and local governments conducting simulations (模拟) in Chicago.(这是电动飞机开发商Eve的愿景，该公司正在领导一组航空公司和地方政府在芝加哥进行模拟。)”可知，第一段提出两个问题是为了介绍Eve的愿景。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s the vision of electric aircraft developer Eve, which is leading a group of aviation companies and local governments conducting simulations (模拟) in Chicago.(这是电动飞机开发商Eve的愿景，该公司正在领导一组航空公司和地方政府在芝加哥进行模拟。)”和文章第三段“But Eve co-CEO And re Stein said the air taxis are nothing like conventional electric helicopters or flying cars. They are designed to use eight motors distributed around the aircraft to take off vertically, then electric pushers and wings to glide forward.(但Eve的联合首席执行官斯坦(re Stein)表示，空中出租车与传统的电动直升机或飞行汽车完全不同。它们的设计是使用分布在飞机周围的8个发动机垂直起飞，然后使用电动推进器和机翼向前滑行。)”可知，Eve在芝加哥致力于开发飞行出租车。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Stein also boasts what he describes as improved efficiency and sustainability. “It’s much simpler, much lower maintenance than a helicopter, much quieter,” he said.(斯坦因还夸耀了他所描述的效率和可持续性的提高。“它比直升机简单得多，维护成本低得多，噪音也小得多，”他说。)”和文章最后一段““It’s really about bringing another option for urban air mobility,” Stein said.( “这真的是为城市空中交通带来了另一种选择，”斯坦说。)”可知，Stein对电动飞行出租车的前景持积极的态度。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“For now, Eve hopes their work will help provide a better understanding of how the air taxis could fit into current air traffic patterns and how they can connect with users journey via ground transport to the heliport.(目前，Eve希望他们的工作将有助于更好地理解空中出租车如何适应当前的空中交通模式，以及它们如何通过地面交通工具连接到直升机场的用户旅程。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了飞行出租车服务的前景。故选C。 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们在太平洋一个未被开发的地区发现了5000多个生活在海底的新物种，该地区已被确定为未来深海采矿的热点，这项研究将对评估该物种灭绝的风险至关重要。 21．词义猜测题。根据第二段“It is the first time the previously unknown biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a mineral-rich area of the ocean floor that spans 1.7m sq miles between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific, has been comprehensively documented. The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent.(这是Clarion-Clipperton带(CCZ)生物多样性首次被发现。它是太平洋上夏威夷和墨西哥之间的海底富含矿物质的区域，面积达170万平方英里。考虑到在近乎原始的地区进行深海采矿的合同似乎imminent，这项研究将对评估该物种灭绝的风险至关重要)”可知，即将在这片近乎原始的地区签订深海采矿合同，imminent指的是ready to take place(即将发生的)。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent.(考虑到即将在这片近乎原始的地区签订深海采矿合同，这项研究将对评估该物种灭绝的风险至关重要)”可知，克拉里昂-克利珀顿区(CCZ)的主要研究重点是评估物种灭绝的风险。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The seabed, Glover said, is an“amazing place”where, despite the extreme cold and dark, life thrives “One of the characteristics of the abyssal plain is the lack of food, but life has a way of persisting down there,” he said, “It’s a mystery.” One of the deep-sea animals discovered was nicknamed the “gummy squirrel”, because of its huge tail and jelly-like appearance, he said. There are also glass sponges, some of which look like vases.(格洛弗说，海底是一个“神奇的地方”，尽管极度寒冷和黑暗，但生命在那里茁壮成长。“深海平原的一个特点是缺乏食物，但生命在那里有一种坚持下去的方式，”他说，“这是一个谜。”他说，其中一种被发现的深海动物被昵称为“胶松鼠”，因为它有巨大的尾巴和果冻状的外表。也有玻璃海绵，其中一些看起来像花瓶)”可知，阿德里安·格洛弗提到的深海平原的特点是尽管条件艰难，但生命依然繁荣。故选D。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists have discovered more than 5,000 new species living on the seabed in an untouched area of the Pacific Ocean that has been identified as a future hotspot for deep-sea mining, according to a review of the environmental surveys carried out in the area.(根据对该地区进行的环境调查的回顾，科学家们在太平洋一个未被开发的地区发现了5000多个生活在海底的新物种，该地区已被确定为未来深海采矿的热点)”可知，本文主要讲述科学家们在太平洋一个未被开发的地区发现了5000多个生活在海底的新物种。由此可知，Deep-sea wonders: the new species found in a Pacific mining hotspot(深海奇迹：在太平洋采矿热点发现的新物种)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了处于对人工智能机器人存在问题的担忧，一些科技巨头公司签署了一封公开信，主张暂停6个月，让人工智能公司和监管机构有时间制定保护措施，保护社会免受该技术的潜在风险。 25．推理判断题。根据第一段“It advocates a 6-month stop to give Artificial Intelligence (AI) companies and regulators time to make safeguards to protect society from potential risks of the technology.”（它主张暂停6个月，让人工智能公司和监管机构有时间制定保障措施，保护社会免受这项技术的潜在风险）可知，这封公开信是为了呼吁让人工智能发展暂停一段时间。故选B。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段“AI has progressed at an alarming speed since the launch of ChatGPT, from the Microsoft-backed company Open AI. ChatGPT reportedly reached more than 100 million users by January, 2023, and major tech companies are racing to build generative AI into their products, which have caught many off guard.”（自微软支持的Open AI公司推出ChatGPT以来，人工智能以惊人的速度发展。据报道，到2023年1月，ChatGPT的用户已超过1亿，各大科技公司都在竞相将生成式人工智能集成到自己的产品中，这让许多人措手不及）可知，人工智能的惊人的发展速度让许多人都措手不及，感到震惊。故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段“Unfortunately, many problems of today’s AI models don’t have easy solutions. ”（不幸的是，当今人工智能模型的许多问题都没有简单的解决方案）和“One tricky issue is how to make AI-generated content easy to detect.”（一个棘手的问题是如何让人工智能生成的内容易于检测）可知，作者提到“watermarking”是为了表明人工智能问题是很难解决的。故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates tells Reuters the proposed pause won’t “solve the challenges” ahead.”（微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨对路透社表示，拟议中的暂停不会“解决”未来的挑战）可知，比尔·盖茨对暂停6个月的有效性表示怀疑。故选D。 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萨姆·奥特曼敦促美国立法者对人工智能进行监管的原因。 29．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“We think that regulatory intervention (干预) by governments will be critical to mitigate the risks of increasingly powerful models. My worst fears are that we, the field, the technology industry cause significant harm to the world. (我们认为，政府的监管干预对于减轻日益强大的设计的风险至关重要。我最担心的是，我们这个领域和科技行业会对世界造成重大伤害。)”可知，Altman认为AI存在巨大的潜在危害，希望政府能采取措施加以预防。故选D。 30．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“regulatory intervention (干预) by governments (政府的监管干预)”和“the risks of increasingly powerful models (日益强大的设计的风险)”可知，Altman希望政府的监管干预能减少AI带来的风险。A. Remove移除；B. Pose摆好姿势；C. Reduce减少；D. Adapt适应。故选C。 31．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“The rapid development of ChatGPT with an estimated 100 million users within two months has sparked an industry race (ChatGPT在两个月内迅速发展，估计拥有1亿用户，引发了一场行业竞赛)”可知，ChatGPT的迅速发展引发了一场行业竞赛。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“Sam Altman, CEO of the San Francisco startup OpenAI that developed ChatGPT, his company’s chatbot tool, on Tuesday urged US lawmakers to regulate artificial intelligence (旧金山创业公司OpenAI的首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼周二敦促美国立法者规范人工智能)”引出文章的主题——呼吁严格监管人工智能，接着下面的段落详细说明严格监管人工智能的原因。故选B。 33．A 34．D 35．C 36．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述麻省理工学院的Giovanni Traverso和他的同事设计了一种非侵入性胶囊来缓解恶心症状。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current interventions, which use electrical stimulation to ease symptoms (症状) of nausea, require invasive (侵入的) surgeries. So, Giovanni Traverso at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his colleagues designed a non-invasive capsule.(目前的干预措施是使用电刺激来缓解恶心症状，需要进行侵入性手术。因此，麻省理工学院的Giovanni Traverso和他的同事设计了一种非侵入性胶囊)”可知，Traverso及其团队设计新的胶囊是为了避免通过侵入性手术来缓解恶心症状，故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inside the capsule, a battery generates electrical currents that travel along a gold wire wound around the outside. The gaps carved onto the surface of the capsule absorb fluid so that the wire can electrically stimulate stomach tissue that sets off the release of ghrelin.(在胶囊内部，电池产生电流，电流沿着缠绕在胶囊外部的金线传播。胶囊表面的缝隙可以吸收液体，这样电线就可以用电刺激胃组织，从而释放胃饥饿素)”可知，电线传导的电流可以刺激胃组织释放胃饥饿素，故选D。 35．指代猜测题。根据第五段中“The levels we see are comparable to levels that we would expect to cause hunger or prevent nausea, but we didn’t evaluate those symptoms in animals(我们看到的水平与我们预计会引起饥饿或防止恶心的水平相当，但我们没有在动物身上评估这些症状)”以及画线词所在句“Part of the next steps involves doing this in humans to understand whether nausea, for example, can be treated using this system(接下来的部分步骤包括在人类身上这样做，以了解是否可以使用这个系统来治疗恶心)”可知，此处指接下来的部分步骤是在人类身上评估症状，“this”指代上文的“评估症状”，故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Stavros Zanos说的话“To my knowledge, this is the first absorbable device that can deliver electrical stimulation to the human body(据我所知，这是第一个可以向人体传递电刺激的可吸收装置)”以及“The technology could be adjusted to deliver electrical stimulation to other organ tissues(这项技术可以调整为向其他器官组织提供电刺激)”可知，他认为该装置很有前途。故选A。 37．C 38．B 39．B 40．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了树给周围的生物和人类带来的益处，最后呼吁人们关注树木。 37．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They support the survival of a significant number of animals.(它们支撑着大量动物的生存)”可知，树木支撑着大量动物的生存，接着下文“For example, a big reason why ring-tailed lemurs (狐猴) are endangered is that half of the forests they depend on in Madagascar off the East coast of Africa were cut down.(例如，环尾狐猴濒临灭绝的一个重要原因是，它们赖以生存的非洲东海岸马达加斯加的森林有一半被砍伐了)”以环尾狐猴为例，证明上述观点，表明树木为生物提供了重要的栖息地。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是首句“So it’s time to put trees in the spotlight.(所以是时候把树木放在聚光灯下了)”和末句“So as springtime arrives once again, take a moment and appreciate what a tree can be.(所以，当春天再次到来的时候，花点时间来欣赏一棵树的魅力吧)”可知，作者是想要呼吁人类关注树木。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，第一段引出话题，日常生活中树木似乎很微不足道，第二段进行转折，指出事实远非如此，树木其实非常重要，第三、四段均讲述了树木的重要作用，最后一段呼吁人们关注树木，故B项能表明文章结构。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“In fact, trees are guards of the planet as the impact of their hard work carries miles farther than the ground in which they stand.(事实上，树木是地球的守卫，因为它们辛勤工作的影响远远超过了它们所处的地面)”可知，文章介绍了树给周围的生物和人类带来的益处，最后呼吁人们关注树木，D项“树木：地球的守卫”为最佳标题。故选D。 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在美国，越来越多的隔代人群选择居住在同一屋檐下。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段“There has been a major increase in intergenerational roommate arrangements within the United States since 1971. In fact, statistics show that this number has actually quadrupled since then. In a Pew Research Center article, it shared that by March 2021, there were at least 59.7 million US residents that had multiple generations living underneath one roof.(自1971年以来，美国的隔代室友安排大幅增加。事实上，统计数据显示，这个数字实际上已经增长四倍。从那时起皮尤研究中心在一篇文章中表示，截至2021年3月，至少有5970万美国居民有多代人住在同一屋檐下。)”可知，文章中所提到的这种正在增长的住房趋势指的是“隔代人群在同一屋檐下居住”。故选C项。 42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are a ton of factors that come into play for these types of arrangements. For some, it’s because of the increase in the average life-expectancy age, a decreased birth rate, a rise in college tuition, the ever rising rentals occurring in almost every coastal city, and more. But if anything, many claim that one main reason behind the rise is due to older people having space to rent out and that having younger folk around just makes them happier.(对于这些类型的安排，有很多因素在起作用。对一些人来说，这是因为平均预期寿命的增加，出生率的下降，大学学费的上涨，几乎每个沿海城市的租金都在上涨，等等。但如果有什么不同的话，许多人声称，房价上涨的一个主要原因是老年人有房子出租，而年轻人在身边让他们更快乐。)”可知，本段主要分析了“隔代人群在同一屋檐下居住”这种安排的原因。故选B项。 43．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She provided the type of knowledge you just can’t Google-showing me how to garden, how to cook fish, and add French Romanticism to life.(她提供了你无法在谷歌上搜索到的知识——教我如何园艺，如何烹饪鱼，以及如何将法式浪漫主义融入生活。)”可知，Kaplan可以从年长的室友那里学会如何做园艺、烹饪鱼以及浪漫地生活。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It was perfect — Judith has become like my family.(这太完美了，Judith就像我的家人一样。)”可知，Nadia很满意和年老的人一起居住。以及最后一段中“Through this, I lived with Sarah while attending Harvard. She provided the type of knowledge you just can’t Google-showing me how to garden, how to cook fish, and add French Romanticism to life. (通过这项服务，我在上哈佛的时候和Sarah住在一起。她提供了你无法在谷歌上搜索到的知识——教我如何园艺，如何烹饪鱼，以及如何将法式浪漫主义融入生活。”)”可知，Kaplan认为这项服务有特别之处。可以推断出，隔代人群在同一屋檐下居住，这种安排效果很好。故选C项。 45．A 46．B 47．D 48．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以清理海洋中人为造成的污染的水母机器人。 45．主旨大意题。根据第二段后五句“The artificial muscles, called HASELs, can contract and expand, allowing Jellyfish-Bot to move through the water. Like a real jellyfish, the robot’s movements create currents beneath it. Jellyfish use the currents to collect nutrients, while Jellyfish-Bot uses these motions to trap pollutants. The robots move at a speed of 6.1 centimeters per second, trapping objects along the way, whether it’s a single robot or multiple ones working together. With larger objects, it may require at least two robots to collect and bring the items to the surface for recycling.(这种被称为HASELs的人造肌肉可以收缩和扩张，使水母机器人能够在水中移动。像真正的水母一样，机器人的运动在其下方产生电流。水母利用水流收集营养物质，而水母机器人则利用这些运动来捕获污染物。机器人以每秒6.1厘米的速度移动，捕捉沿途的物体，无论是单个机器人还是多个机器人一起工作。对于较大的物体，可能需要至少两个机器人来收集并将物品带到地面进行回收。)”可知，第二段主要是讲水母机器人的工作原理。故选A。 46．词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“the robot is no louder than background noise(机器人的声音并不比背景噪音大)”可知，此处是指水母机器人不会威胁到海洋生物，所以menace意为“威胁”。故选B。 47．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“But the scientists hope that they can achieve a wireless Jellyfish-Bot in the near future.(但科学家们希望他们能在不久的将来实现无线水母机器人。)”可知，无线水母机器人将被研究和开发以供使用。故选D。 48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Perhaps one day, robots could be cleaning up human-caused pollution in the ocean. At least that’s what scientists hope to achieve with the development of Jellyfish-Bot (水母机器人), a robotic device which looks like a jellyfish that could help pick up pollutants underwater.(也许有一天，机器人可以清理海洋中人为造成的污染。至少这是科学家们希望通过开发水母机器人来实现的，这是一种看起来像水母的机器人设备，可以帮助收集水下的污染物。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以清理海洋中人为造成的污染的水母机器人。故选C。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$