专题08 阅读理解之说明文(江苏名校期末真题)-2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（译林版2020）

阅读理解之说明文 (江苏名校期末真题) （22-23高一下·江苏·期末）Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 1．Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on? A．The means by which it affects mood. B．Its role in reducing negativity. C．Its impact on physical health. D．The extent to which it lifts mood. 2．How were the studies carried out? A．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. B．By observing students’ different reactions to foods. C．By collecting data about people from all walks of life D．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To explain a rule. B．To introduce a concept. C．To make a suggestion. D．To present a fact. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Science behind Comfort Food B．Comfort Food May not Work Wonders C．Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food D．Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy （22-23高一下·江苏常州·期末）At 65, Bryony Harris took out her pension (退休金) and signed up for a psychotherapy (心理治疗) course. “I’m happy that I used my pension to train for a new career,” she says. Now, at 74, she has a successful psychotherapy practice in Fredrikstad, Norway. “I just knew it was the right time, and I felt equipped to do it. It was the very best thing I ever did for myself.” The four-year course was on the coast of Denmark. To get there, Harris drove for five hours through southern Norway. “It always felt like coming home,” she says. Her experience was transformative (具有转折性的). Practising psychotherapy, she says, “helps me to understand the word ‘calling’.” And yet Harris has had many careers over the decades. At university in Kingston upon Thames, London, she trained as an architect, and then, worked as one “for short and long periods” while raising four children. Next came a period as a photographer on a community arts project, then teaching photography. “The world offered more possibilities than I had ever realised,” Harris says. She regards these moves as gradual shifts (转换) rather than reinvention. “I have never made a decision such as ‘I’m going to stop doing that and do something else.’ It’s always been a gentle progression.” Years ago, she and her husband had a dream to open a shop specialising in books about folklore, mythology and tradition. The shop, in Hatherleigh, Devon, is “where the idea of therapy came into my mind. Because in a small independent bookshop, people open up and talk.” Harris also says that her “therapy side was hiding in the background” when she taught photography. In her 40s, she had a short period of counselling (咨询). She no longer recalls exactly why, but it must have had an impact because when she turned 60, she wrote letters “to people who had been hugely influential in my life.” She searched for her former counsellor, but unfortunately couldn’t find him. Harris has a can-do spirit. The best psychotherapy course was in Denmark, so first she had to learn Danish. “I really love a good challenge. Sometimes you can feel very stuck, but that is how I have lived my life,” she says. When she was a child, Harris’s parents liked moving. She had nine homes before she went to university. “Now, I have no desire to uproot myself.” Her flat looks out over a river, and she has lived there longer than she has lived anywhere else. Each week brings fresh calls to her practice. 5．What did Harris think of the psychotherapy course? A．The journey to it was tiring. B．It helped her make friends. C．She could hardly afford it. D．It made her feel at ease. 6．What do we know about Harris’s past careers? A．They were all abandoned for family reasons. B．They led her to find her true calling. C．They made her very important. D．They all proved to be a failure. 7．What inspired Harris to take up psychotherapy as a career? A．Readers’ willingness to communicate in the bookshop. B．Her talk with her husband about medical specialists. C．Chats with her students in photography classes. D．Her successful experience as a counsellor. 8．What can we infer about Harris from the text? A．She acts as her parents did. B．She lives her life to the fullest. C．She speaks Danish as her native language. D．She has returned to the place where she was born. （22-23高一下·江苏常州·期末）People have been predicting (预测) the death of cable TV (有线电视) for a long time, but this really might be it. Just a decade (十年) ago, nearly all Americans — more than 85 percent of U.S. households — paid for packages of TV channels from cable or satellite ( 卫 星) companies. That started to drop slowly at first and then far more quickly in the past few years. Now, the share of American homes that pay for traditional TV service is approaching 50 percent, according to expert Craig Moffett and S&P Global Market Intelligence’s Kagan research group. For comparison, cellphones were around for decades before the percentage of Americans who didn’t have a landline ( 座 机) at home reached 50 percent, around 2017. Maybe it seems predictable that cable TV would go the way of the landline. I promise you that it was not necessarily obvious, even once Netflix started to take off. Old habits die hard. Old industries that make a lot of people rich die even harder. And don’t forget that some new technology habits catch on fast but don’t stick. What may be a final drop in America’s cable TV industry is a big deal. It shows that technology can change deep-rooted ways of doing things slowly, and then suddenly. Ian Olgeirson, a research director at Kagan who has been following America’s TV market for about 20 years, told me that he was surprised by how quickly the monthly cable bill went from being standard to outdated for many Americans. Olgeirson and other TV experts I’ve been speaking to didn’t single out a turning point in cable TV’s big drop. They said the downward trend ( 趋 势) was more like a series of progressive changes building up. It’s clear that the cable TV system that for decades brought joy and headaches to tens of millions of Americans is wearing thin. The wild card is whether Americans keep turning away from cable and satellite TV relatively slowly, or whether it will fail suddenly. I have always loved TV. I felt like a real grown-up when I first started to pay a huge bill for television, partly to watch my favorite football team. I had reduced my cable TV package, but then a few months ago I was told that my bill was going to increase by about $10 a month. That was it. I’m a no-cable household now, too. 9．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about cable TV? A．Its falling popularity. B．Its increasing payments. C．Its various TV channels. D．Its high service standard. 10．Why does the author mention cellphones and landlines in paragraph 2? A．To prove technology can change the world. B．To show it is not easy for cable TV to go away. C．To illustrate there is no market left for cable TV. D．To explain technology can bring fortune to people. 11．Which of the following is beyond Olgeirson’s expectations? A．America’s TV market was down suddenly. B．The death of cable TV will come in about 20 years. C．Americans turned away from cable TV so quickly. D．There are still many Americans showing interest in cable TV. 12．What would be the best title for the text? A．Cable TV won’t be replaced by satellite TV B．Cable TV brought joy to Americans C．Cable TV has existed for decades D．Cable TV is the new landline （22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末）People with genetic syndromes (综合症) sometimes have telltale (泄露私密的) facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky given there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Yaron Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt — or overall impression — of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17, 000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photos of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the neural network’s ability to distinguish between the different genetic mutations (变异) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used photographs of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in any one of five genes. DeepGestalt correctly identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. It’s clearly not perfect, but it’s still much better than humans are at trying to do this. As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions about privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle. secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people who have a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available for use by clinicians (临床医生). Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 13．What can we know about DeepGestalt? A．It can be trained to correctly label the images of people. B．It can correctly identify genetic mutations 91% of the time. C．It is built to look at faces and identify genetic disorders. D．It is much better than humans at trying to identify physical appearance. 14．Why are certain facial regions highlighted in the assessment process? A．To help confirm the diagnosis. B．To help make the system more understandable. C．To help the system quickly recognize people . D．To help identify a condition and make a diagnosis. 15．What’s the best title of this text? A．Tricky facial features B．Faces let AI spot genetic disorders C．Facial features give you away to doctors D．DeepGestalt: a magic cure for genetic syndromes 16．What’s the author’s attitude towards the technology? A．Positive. B．Neutral. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. （22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末）China’s space industry has made great achievements, which makes us occupy a place in the world space field. After 11 years, China has finally completed its Tiangong space station with the docking (对接) its Mengtian lab module, establishing the Tiangong as the second operational space station apart from the US-led, multinational International Space Station. On November 1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched. Next, the Tianhe and Mengtian modules will dock with the Wentian lab module, completing Tiangong’s T-shaped basic structure. The 17.88-meter-long, 23-ton Mengtian module is the heaviest operational single-cabin (舱) active spacecraft in orbit. Mengtian consists of a work cabin, a goods airlock cabin, a payload cabin and resource cabin. In addition, it has eight scientific experiment rooms and 37 extravehicular (舱外的) installation (安装) options. One of the more ambitious aims of China’s space program is to position the country as a leading provider of space-based international public goods and services, such as planetary defense. Last month, Asia Times reported about China’s plans to conduct its first asteroid (行星) direction-changing test in 2025 or 2026. China has also taken pioneering steps in Mar exploration. A good example is the completion of China’s Tianwen-1 Mars mission. China has also stated that it is willing to share scientific data from its Tianwen-l mission at an appropriate time and that scientists are welcome to apply for research over the data. Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, helping its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The base, the International Lunar Research Station, is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities. Reflecting China’s open-door space policy, the Tiangong is designed to be “inclusive” and adaptable for foreign astronauts. 17．Which statement is true about the Mengtian module according to the text? A．It has docked with the Wentian lab module. B．It is an significant part of Tiangong space station. C．It is made up of four scientific experiment cabins. D．It is heavier than all the other single-cabin spaceships. 18．Why did the author mention “China’s plan” in paragraph 4? A．To present a fact. B．To explain a rule. C．To clarify a concept. D．To make a prediction. 19．How will China explore the moon? A．By sending men to the settlement of the moon. B．By providing clear photos of the planet’s surface. C．By sharing scientific data from its Tianwen-1 mission. D．By setting up a moon base for multiple scientific activities. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．International Space Station Suffers Wear and Tear B．Side by Side, China Works with UN Member States C．Step by Step, China Finds Its Footing in Outer Space D．Tiangong Space Station Is Established Little by Little （22-23高一下·江苏南京·期末）Discover Jiangsu Known as the land of water, China’s coastal province of Jiangsu has all the geographical advantages to give it a starring role in the epic (史诗般的) tale of China’s ancient Maritime (海上的) Silk Road. With busy port cities, historic sites and breathtaking natural beauty, Jiangsu is the perfect place to follow the story of this remarkable trade route. Nanjing and the voyages of Zheng He At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the city of Nanjing in Jiangsu was declared capital of China. Besides building one of the longest city walls in history, the emperor ordered the construction of vast “treasure ships” in 1403. Under Zheng He’s command, the ships finished seven epic ocean voyages, reaching as far as the east coast of Africa. Nantong and overseas trade In Jiangsu’s port city of Nantong, goods have flowed in and out of the province by water for centuries. Beyond Lusi Port Town, a busy seascape of boats travel on the waters of Jiangsu’s coast. It’s a scene that shows how China’s historic Maritime Silk Road remains successful until this day. Yancheng and unspoiled nature Salt was one of the commodities (商品) that played a key role in the history of trade in Jiangsu, contributing to the wealth of the province. A major source was the tidal (潮汐的) salt flats of Yancheng, which literally means “salt city”. This remarkable landscape also plays host to some rare bird species like cranes, egrets, and spoonbill sandpipers. Yangzhou and the spread of Buddhism In the Jiangsu city of Yangzhou, a Tang-dynasty monk by the name of Jianzhen set sail to Japan to spread the teachings of Buddhism. Daming Temple, where Jianzhen lived, can still be visited today. 21．What made Jiangsu an Ancient Gateway to the Maritime Silk Road? A．Its Buddhist art. B．Its remarkable seascape. C．Its wealth and power. D．Its geographical advantages. 22．Which city has a historic temple as a big tourist attraction? A．Nanjing. B．Nantong. C．Yancheng. D．Yangzhou. 23．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A geography magazine. B．An academic report. C．An economics book. D．A travel blog. （22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末）Yellow flower carpeted fields are a sure sign of summer. In Denmark alone, more than 200,000 hectares of rapeseed (油菜籽) are planted every year. But until now, the plant has only been used for oil and animal food, as it is both bitter and unsafe for human consumption. To protect themselves, the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances (物质) called glucosinolates (硫苷), which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease. As a result rapeseed is unhealthy to eat and the rapeseed cake, which is the remains of the seeds after the oil has been squeezed out, has only been used as feed for pigs and chickens, despite its 30 — 40 percent protein content. Now, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a plant closely related to the rapeseed. The new knowledge makes it possible to prevent the accumulation (积聚) of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology. In doing so, the defensive substances remain in all other parts of the plant, allowing it to continue to defend itself. So far, the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress. “The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant, which we are now working on,” says Professor Halkier, leader of the research. “Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed. The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants, which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein. Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed,” says Professor Halkier. 24．What is the function of paragraph 2? A．To state the reason. B．To offer the solution. C．To give an example. D．To introduce the topic. 25．According to the research, how did scientists rid thale cress of its bitter taste? A．By selecting better seeds. B．By removing the three proteins. C．By increasing sweet tastes. D．By storing defensive substances. 26．What do Halkier’s words focus on? A．Researchers’ efforts to better the taste. B．Researchers’ progress in their experiment. C．Rapeseed’s role in relieving climate crisis. D．Rapeseed’s potential as a new protein source. 27．Which of the following is a suitable title for this text? A．Harmful proteins discovered in rapeseed B．Rapeseed widely used as oil and animal food C．Researchers closer to making rapeseed safe food D．New plant protein in rapeseed finally uncovered （22-23高一下·江苏徐州·期末）No high school is alike in the United States, but there is one tradition that nearly every school has: senior prank (恶作剧). Linganore is no exception, and this year the class of 2023 certainly lived up to your expectations. Like many senior pranks, there were many different ideas, one of which was to take every desk and chair out of classes and put them in the stadium. Fortunately for Linganore teachers, this concept was not put into action; instead, the students stuck with the classic method of throwing paper on anything and everything. Next, some seniors used balloons to totally fill the stairs on Main Street closest to the front entrance. Many seniors parked in the worst ways possible throughout the parking lots. Cole Simmonds arrived at school before much of the chaos started. Along with witnessing seniors throw paper on trees, Simmonds’ car was a victim of the prank when it was attacked with water balloons. In addition to being annoyed by the water balloons, Simmonds was also unhappy with the lack of originality from the seniors. The last part of the seniors’ final day included a Slip & Slide placed at the top of the hill behind the school that went down to the lower parking lot. To prevent injury, a teacher supervised the seniors’ Slip & Slide to ensure safety. The goals of the Slip Slide were not only to make the seniors’ last day something to remember but to encourage students to participate in fun activities permitted by the school. Although not as humorous or creative as some believed it could have been, the Slip & Slide and balloons in the stairs were very impressive and were good aspects of this year’s prank. Hopefully, the class of 2024 will do something that not only avoids annoying people but is also funny. 28．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．Different pranks the seniors did. B．Side effects senior pranks had. C．Traditional pranks in Linganore. D．Desired aims of senior pranks. 29．What is Simmonds’ attitude toward the senior prank this year? A．Worried. B．Displeased. C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned. 30．What does the underlined word “supervised” mean in paragraph 4? A．Took pride in. B．Entered for. C．Benefited from. D．Took charge of. 31．Where does this text probably come from? A．A sports magazine. B．A travel brochure. C．A school website. D．A science fiction. （22-23高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）Most of us probably cannot imagine modern life without social media, which has both the potential to negatively impact our mental and emotional heath if used blindly and the ability to connect us in many unexpected ways. With social media, friendships go beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new, thus maintaining old friendships and making new ones. Some would question the quality of these friendships, but perhaps what is important is that a link exists between you and that person. Then, we can possibly build friendship upon this link in the future. Nevertheless, social media does consume our energy and lower our self-esteem (自尊) at times. A 2013 study by Ethan Kross and Philippe Verduyn, published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses Facebook, the more miserable he feels about his own life. An internet celebrity (名人) Essena O’Neill recently announced to quit social media, saying it is “not real life”, taking countless photos just to look great in a single post and seeking social approval from “likes” and “views” have left her feeling “empty”. However, those affected are usually teenagers who possess shaky self-identities. It is only natural for teenagers to seek popularity and social recognition. However, for every teenager who feels jealous, envious or depressed online, there is another who chooses to feel energetic, inspired and accepted by positive social connections. From what perspective do we wish to approach social media? Social media does not cause unhappiness; it simply provides an alternative platform for teenagers to experiment with as they grow up, something they have always done offline. Teen activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and impact of social media... we must try to use social media in a good way.” 32．Which best describes the impact of social media on friendship? A．Social media helps build friendships across distances. B．Social media improves the quality of new friendships. C．Social media only has a short-term impact on friendships. D．Social media makes it harder to maintain old friendships. 33．Why does the author mention “a study” and “a celebrity” in paragraph 3? A．To explain a rule. B．To make a prediction. C．To present a fact. D．To prove an argument. 34．What’s the author’s attitude towards teenagers using social media? A．Positive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent. 35．What may be discussed in the next part of this passage? A．Demand for advances in social media. B．The wide applications of social media C．Advice on using social media positively. D．The possible harm of social media to users. （22-23高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）Fungi (真菌) are essential to life on Earth, but strangely, until quite recently they have largely been ignored by western science, medicine and agriculture. A new study has found that growing eatable mushrooms in forests on purpose could be a good way to provide healthy food for millions of people and help the environment too. Fungi are living things that feed on organic (有机的) matter, such as dead plants. There are many different types of fungi. For example, an ecologist could find it useful to divide the fungi into those that are mycorrhizal (菌根菌) and those that are not. However, to an organic chemist, it is a natural way to divide fungi by the organic matter they produce. Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump from the University of Stirling in Scotland, spent two years studying eatable fungi that grow alongside trees. The pair discovered that while they are growing, fungi remove carbon dioxide from the air and store it in the soil. Moreover, eatable fungi grow well in the shade of trees, which means if fungi become very popular, more trees could actually be planted. Eatable fungi contain lots of substances that are good for humans. Thomas’s idea is that other ingredients, such as meat, could be swapped for fungi in people’s diets, which means we can add fungi into diets to replace meat. Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump are really optimistic about growing fungi. He said if the fungi-tree growing system was combined with current forestry activities, food production levels could be huge. He claimed if the method had been used in forestry that has taken place during the last 10 years, enough food could have been produced to feed 18. 9 million people annually. “For China alone, their forestry activity for the last 10 years could have put in place a food production system capable of enough calorific output to feed 4. 6 million people annually,” he added. 36．What can we know about fungi? A．They are harmful to the environment. B．They can only be found in dead plants C．They have long been studied in science. D．They are of importance to life on Earth. 37．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Dangers of eating fungi. B．Benefits of growing fungi. C．Ways of grouping fungi. D．Means of protecting fungi. 38．What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Added. B．Improved. C．Removed. D．Exchanged. 39．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Fungi could feed the world. B．Fungi may end the pollution. C．Studying fungi is challenging. D．Growing fungi proves fruitless. （22-23高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）When Kim Ji-un lived in Seoul, the capital city of Korea, she was worried about finding a goo d job and a nice place to live. But now, she fears that natural disasters may ruin her potatoes and corn. Ms Kim is part of a phenomenon called kwichon, or returning to rural life. Created a thousand years ago, the term comes up during periods of economic hardship, when people in cities are forced to move back to their hometown to farm. This time, in the wake of the worldwide crisis, the government encourages many new farmers who have never lived in the countryside before to return to the farmland, and sees it as a way to bring about economy growth in rural areas. By planting young farmers in rural areas now, the government hopes to reap big rewards in future. The plan is working as expected. In 2021 nearly 380,000 people moved to the countryside, up 15% from 2015. The new generation care less than earlier ones whether they can get a job in a big company. Some do not want to become like their fathers who do nothing but work; others are puzzled at their future, and say that they know they will never be a success like their father. Being equipped with digital technology gives young farmers an advantage, and the most important part is how to get on with the locals. Life in the countryside is more different, where people live together and share together. Newcomers are expected to abandon their urban ways of life and the neighbor’s doorways, not just your own, should be cleared when it is convenient for you. The villagers are also offered tips on how to act towards the newcomers, especially the young ones, through role-playing sessions. 40．What is Kim Ji-un’s concern now? A．Her job. B．Her crops. C．Her future. D．Her hometown. 41．Why does the government encourage young people to return to farm? A．To develop rural areas. B．To promote local culture. C．To protect the environment. D．To maintain social stability. 42．What can be inferred about the plan? A．It fails eventually. B．It functions well. C．It causes excitement. D．It poses challenges. 43．How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A．Locals should be able to do role-playing activities. B．Newcomers have abandoned their urban ways of life. C．Life in the countryside is more about caring about each other. D．Villagers have the responsibility to clear the neighbor’s doorways. （22-23高一下·江苏淮安·期末）Gardening’s many “rules” have been repeated so often that they can seem like unquestionable truths. But many have little basis in fact, so following them may be unnecessary at best and could give you poorer results at worst. A classic example is the long-held idea that watering plants around noon on a sunny day should be avoided, since it might harm their leaves. The explanation is that tiny water droplets can act like lenses (透镜), focusing the sun’s rays onto leaves, resulting in scorched (灼伤的) leaves and reduced plant health. Four researchers set out to learn more, running experiments on living plants and carrying out computer modelling. They found that spreading small glass spheres (球体) over the surface of smooth-leaved plants could indeed have this effect, causing damage right across the leaf surface. But when this was repeated with actual water droplets, such damage didn’t occur. This is because water behaves rather differently to glass. The shape of a water droplet on a leaf is more elliptical (椭圆的) than spherical. The computer modelling showed that the extreme damage through a lens of this shape would occur when the sun was at a low angle in the sky, that is, in the morning or in the afternoon. However, the sun’s strength at these times is too low to cause any harm. Even if the light of the midday sun did somehow come at the strongest angle, the heat at this time of day would always cause the water droplets to evaporate (蒸发) before they had an effect. So, if your plants need a good watering, give them some water. Not watering thirsty plants on a sunny day for fear of leaf scorch will almost certainly lead to more damage from drought stress than could be caused by the magnifying glass (放大镜) effect. While it remains generally true that the ideal time to water a plant is in the morning or evening — to lessen the amount of water that evaporates before reaching the plant’s roots — the evidence doesn’t support the idea that watering at midday will cause burning. 44．What is the long-held idea talked about in the passage! A．Watering plants counts a lot. B．Plant leaves might act like lenses. C．Watering at midday may harm plant health. D．Sun’s rays might be focused onto water droplets. 45．What did the researchers find in the experiments with actual water droplets? A．The same degree of damage occurred. B．Damage was caused right across the leaf surface. C．Unlike the glass spheres, the water droplets didn’t damage leaves. D．The smooth-leaved plants were extremely affected by water droplets. 46．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The explanation for the finding. B．The process of the experiments. C．The time of evaporating. D．The harm caused by the sunshine. 47．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The long-held idea is well worth advocating. B．Plants’ roots get no water if watering occurs at noon. C．Watering in the morning can prevent water evaporation. D．Watering thirsty plants on a sunny noon makes sense. （22-23高一下·江苏淮安·期末）The year 2023 is called the Year of the Rabbit in China and the Year of the Cat in Vietnam. How the cat replaced the rabbit in Vietnam is still the subject of debate (争论). Both countries follow a calendar based on 12 signs of a zodiac (生肖) represented by 12 animals. No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named. But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor, or the Buddha, organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac. In the Chinese version of the story, the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race, turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. As to the rabbit, it crossed the river by jumping on the tops of stones in the river. When the rabbit got there, no others were around, so it went off to the side and slept. By the time the rabbit woke up, three others had already arrived. However, in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit, the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth. The top twelve finishers which appear in the zodiac were rat, ox, tiger, cat (or rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. Philippe Papin is an expert on Vietnamese history at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in Paris. He told the Northwest Asian Weekly in 2011 that one possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language. He said in old Chinese, there is a little-used word tied to the sign of the rabbit (卯) that is pronounced like mao. The pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat. This year, another website, VNExpress, said many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed cases for their mobile phones. And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is “why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.” 48．The race of animals is mentioned to explore ________. A．the reason for the victory of the cat B．how the 12 animals were selected in China C．how the rabbit got replaced by the cat in China’s zodiac D．the reasons behind the difference between the two zodiacs 49．What does “three others” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The rat, the ox and the horse. B．The tiger, the cat and the ox. C．The rat, the ox and the tiger. D．The cat, the rat and the snake 50．What caused the rabbit to be replaced according to Papin? A．The race organized by the Jade Emperor. B．The different customs of the two countries C．The excellent performance of the Vietnamese cat D．The similar pronunciation of certain words in the two languages 51．What does the last paragraph imply? A．The Year of the cat or the rabbit raises public interest in Vietnam. B．Google plays an increasingly important role in Vietnam. C．Rabbit-themed cases for mobile phones become a hit in China. D．Cat-themed cases for mobile phones enjoy popularity in China. （22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期末）America has long been crazy about weight loss. New diets continue to come up; diet and exercise apps are on the rise. It’s no wonder more people are on diets now than were a decade ago and 4 out of 10 Americans consider themselves to be overweight. While healthy eating and exercise are important to the length and quality of life, too many people think of weight loss pills as a shorter path to removing extra pounds instead of as a sometimes-useful tool for the individuals they’ve been approved for. There are actually many dangers connected with weight loss pills and it is not recommended that they be taken without seeking advice from the doctor. For the right person, weight loss pills can be a helpful tool in weight management, but they are usually only suggested for people with extreme fatness and after other weight loss treatments such as diet and exercise have been put into one’s lifestyle first. While there is no shortage in the number of weight loss pills on the market, only six drugs are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration（FDA）for long-term use. All but one of these drugs work to either control hunger or to help one feel full after meals. Such FDA-approved drugs are intended to be used by people struggling with significant extra weight and not by anyone looking to drop a few pounds by chance. For everyone else, a healthy diet and exercise is usually all that is recommended. It is accepted that we do need to pay much more attention to preventing weight problems early in life through healthy diets and regular physical activities, rather than waiting to respond to developed fatness and illnesses. That’s especially true when considering some risks of weight-loss drugs. They are recommended when the benefit of taking them to reduce weight is greater than the risk of side effects or other consequences of these medicines. These medicines are best used with a complete diet and lifestyle program that can improve results, and when there is a doctor reviewing developing side effects to make adjustments to reduce risk. 52．What is people’s wrong idea about weight loss pills? A．They work faster than diet and exercise. B．They probably do harm to people’s heath. C．They are taken under doctor’s guidance. D．They are unable to satisfy everyone’s needs. 53．What is true about weight loss pills on the market? A．Most pills meet the needs of overweight people. B．The market is flooded with FDA-approved pills. C．None of these drugs work by controlling hunger. D．People should keep a sharp eye on their choices. 54．How should people take care of weight problems? A．Measures should be taken before the problems get worse. B．Pills will do the trick if they win the favor of most people. C．A healthy diet and exercise can solve any weight problem. D．Medicines are recommended when they keep people slim. 55．What could be the best title for the text? A．Eager to lose weight? B．FDA drugs for sale. C．Weight-loss pills for all? D．Efforts to fight fatness （22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Chinese government and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization(数字化) of rarely used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country's banks, hospitals and government departments move deals online. However, for lack of technical support, many people's names and place names can not be put in. This has caused troubles in life, such as opening bank accounts and booking transportation tickets. The public are now invited to photograph unusual characters and send them through a mini program fixed into We Chat, a popular messaging app. If they pass expert approval, they will be added to China's official set of coded (编码的) characters, known as GB 18030. The latest version of GB18030 has more than 80, 000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30, 000 commonly used characters. Roughly 60 million people in China have names that contain rare characters and a signifcant number of place names and ancient texts have difficulty being digitalized due to unrecognized characters contained within. Lin Sumiao, a lawyer based in Beijing, said her name, containing a rare character “su”, was constantly shown as “miao” on exam admission cards when she was in school, and the situation still happens when she prints flight boarding passes. Lin is unwilling to change her given name as it carries special significance to her. The character “su” consists of characters “geng” and “sheng”, the latter part of the phrase “zi li geng sheng” meaning“to rely on oneself.“The character contains my parents' wish for me to grow up into an independent soul,” she said. Digitalizing the Chinese characters is difficult, as each character must be represented in a unique form. The digitalization of uncommon characters is a complex systematic project, which requires government guidance and contributions by input methods, program developers, and operating systems. Despite the difficulties involved, digitalization must continue to not only solve practical problems, but also to protect and pass down Chinese culture. Every rare character is a part of cultural treasures. They shall not be lost in the digital time nor become a block to digital society. 56．Why does the government quicken the digitalization of rare Chinese characters? A．To get the public familiar with more rare names. B．To provide technical support for people's daily work. C．To make it possible to put in uncommon characters. D．To encourage online businesses across the country. 57．What can we say about GB 18030? A．It is part of a We Chat program. B．It is a system of coded characters. C．It consists of rare Chinese characters. D．It is fully supported by most computers. 58．What can be inferred from Lin Sumiao’s case? A．Digitalizing rare characters saves people trouble. B．Rare characters carry with them special meanings. C．Chinese people favour names with rare characters. D．It is unwise to have names with common characters. 59．What is the value of the character digitalization? A．It proves that Chinese characters are unique from other languages. B．It shows off teamwork of professionals in a wide variety of fields. C．It is a breakthrough that pushes forward the growth of technology. D．It smoothes the way to a convenient life and cultural development. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖安慰食品来缓解自己的情绪。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及第二段中“Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood.(心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事对大学生进行了一系列研究。研究人员调查了安慰性食物多大程度上能真正改善情绪)”可知，心理学教授Traci Mann及其同事调查了多少安慰性食物能真正改善情绪即该研究主要集中的是安慰性食物改善情绪的程度。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. (他们必须评估他们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉)”可知，研究者评估了学生们在吃冰淇淋、披萨或任何他们认为能让他们感觉更好的东西之前和之后的感觉即通过比较学生在不同场合的感受而开展的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.(从这些研究中得出的结论是什么？虽然安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用。当然，每个人都可以偶尔放纵一下，但总的来说，这些都是例外，而不是规则)”可知，本段告知读者安慰食物可能会让人暂时感觉好一些，但它对解决情绪问题几乎没有作用，因此缓解情绪应该选择一些别的方法。故推断文章最后一段是作者想要给读者们提出建议。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.(有一些有趣的研究将食物作为安慰的来源。然而，这项研究最有趣的地方可能是，食物远没有我们想象的那么令人安慰。)”以及通读全文可知，文章探讨了食物是否真的有安慰的作用，通过实验研究发现，安慰食品对改善情绪的作用非常有限，甚至没有其它喜欢的食品更加有效，同时即使不吃食物，情绪也会因为时间流逝而有所改善。文章提醒人们应对情绪问题采取更有效的解决方式，不要单纯依赖舒适食品来缓解自己的情绪。由此可知，A选项“Comfort Food May not Work Wonders(安慰食物可能不会产生奇迹)”能够概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选B。 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了65岁的Bryony Harris报名参加了心理治疗课程，介绍了她的个人职业经历以及从事心理治疗的原因。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段““It always felt like coming home,” she says. (“感觉就像回家，”她说。)”可推知，哈里斯认为心理治疗课程使她感到轻松。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段““The world offered more possibilities than I had ever realised,” Harris says. She regards these moves as gradual shifts (转换) rather than reinvention. “I have never made a decision such as ‘I’m going to stop doing that and do something else.’ It’s always been a gentle progression.”(“这个世界提供了比我想象的更多的可能性，”哈里斯说。她认为这些举措是渐进的转变，而不是重新发明。“我从来没有做过这样的决定：‘我要停止做这件事，去做别的事。’这一直是一个缓慢的过程。”)”可知，哈里斯过去的职业引导她找到了自己真正的使命。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“The shop, in Hatherleigh, Devon, is “where the idea of therapy came into my mind. Because in a small independent bookshop, people open up and talk.”(这家位于德文郡哈瑟利的商店“让我萌生了治疗的想法”。因为在一家小型独立书店里，人们会敞开心扉交谈)”可知，是读者在书店里交流的意愿激励哈里斯将心理治疗作为职业。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““I really love a good challenge. Sometimes you can feel very stuck, but that is how I have lived my life,” she says.(她说：“我真的很喜欢挑战。有时候你会觉得自己被困住了，但这就是我的生活方式”)”以及最后一段“Each week brings fresh calls to her practice.(她的诊所每周都会接到新的电话)”可推知，哈里斯过着充实的生活。故选B。 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍有线电视就像固定电话一样经历了兴衰。 9．段落大意题。根据第一段中“People have been predicting (预测) the death of cable TV (有线电视) for a long time, but this really might be it.(长期以来，人们一直在预测有线电视的消亡，但事实可能就是这样。)”和“That started to drop slowly at first and then far more quickly in the past few years. Now, the share of American homes that pay for traditional TV service is approaching 50 percent（这一比例开始缓慢下降，但在过去几年里下降速度要快得多。现在，付费收看传统电视服务的美国家庭比例接近50%）”可知，第一段主要告诉了我们有线电视“受欢迎程度的下降”。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For comparison, cellphones were around for decades before the percentage of Americans who didn’t have a landline ( 座 机) at home reached 50 percent, around 2017. Maybe it seems predictable that cable TV would go the way of the landline. I promise you that it was not necessarily obvious, even once Netflix started to take off. Old habits die hard.(相比之下，在2017年左右没有固定电话的美国人比例达到50%之前，手机已经存在了几十年。有线电视将步固定电话的后尘，这似乎是可以预见的。我向你保证，这并不一定是显而易见的，即使是在Netflix开始腾飞的时候。旧习难改。)”可知，作者在第二段之所以提到手机和座机，是为了表明“要让有线电视消失并不容易。”故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ian Olgeirson, a research director at Kagan who has been following America’s TV market for about 20 years, told me that he was surprised by how quickly the monthly cable bill went from being standard to outdated for many Americans. Olgeirson and other TV experts I’ve been speaking to didn’t single out a turning point in cable TV’s big drop.(Kagan的研究主管伊恩·奥尔格森(Ian Olgeirson)跟踪美国电视市场已有20年之久，他告诉我，对许多美国人来说，每月的有线电视账单从标准到过时的速度之快让他感到惊讶。Olgeirson和与我交谈过的其他电视专家并没有指出有线电视大幅下滑的转折点。)”可知，“美国人很快就放弃了有线电视”超出了Olgeirson的预期。故选C。 12．标题判断题。根据第一段中“People have been predicting (预测) the death of cable TV (有线电视) for a long time, but this really might be it. Just a decade (十年) ago, nearly all Americans — more than 85 percent of U.S. households — paid for packages of TV channels from cable or satellite ( 卫 星) companies.（很长一段时间以来，人们一直在预测有线电视的死亡，但事实可能就是这样。就在十年前，几乎所有的美国人——超过85%的美国家庭——都为有线电视或卫星电视公司的电视频道套餐付费。）”和第二段“For comparison, cellphones were around for decades before the percentage of Americans who didn’t have a landline ( 座 机) at home reached 50 percent, around 2017. Maybe it seems predictable that cable TV would go the way of the landline. I promise you that it was not necessarily obvious, even once Netflix started to take off. Old habits die hard.（相比之下，在2017年左右没有固定电话的美国人比例达到50%之前，手机已经存在了几十年。有线电视将步固定电话的后尘，这似乎是可以预见的。我向你保证，这并不一定是显而易见的，即使是在Netflix开始腾飞的时候。旧习难改。)可知，有线电视就像固定电话一样经历了兴衰。所以本文最佳标题是“Cable TV is the new landline(有线电视是新的固定电话)”。故选D。 13．C 14．D 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助医生确认诊断遗传性疾病的人脸识别技术DeepGestalt。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.(一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。)”及第三段“They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labelled to match more than 200 genetic syndromes.( 他们对名为DeepGestalt的神经网络进行了测试，测试了17000张正确标记的图像，以匹配200多种遗传综合征。)”可知，DeepGestalt是用来分析人脸照片并识别遗传疾病的。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段“As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance.(当系统进行评估时，对诊断最有帮助的面部区域会被突出显示，供医生查看。这有助于他们理解基因组成和外表之间的关系。)”可知，在评估的过程中突出显示特定的面部区域有助于确定病情做出诊断。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A new neural network that analyzes photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities.(一种新的分析人脸照片的神经网络可以帮助医生缩小可能性。)”和下文介绍DeepGestalt这项人脸识别遗传性疾病的技术帮助医生确认诊断疾病，由此可推知，本文主要介绍帮助医生确认诊断遗传性疾病的DeepGestalt这项人脸识别的技术。所以“Faces let AI spot genetic disorders(人脸可以让人工智能识别遗传疾病)”是文章最佳标题。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clinically this technology can help narrow down the search space of diagnosis and then confirm through checking genetic markers. Besides, it could perhaps add means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures.(在临床上，该技术可以缩小诊断的搜索空间，并通过检测基因标记进行确认。此外，它可能会增加发现其他患者的手段，反过来，有助于发现新的治疗或治愈方法。)”可知，作者对这项技术进行了积极正面的评价。由此推知，作者对该技术持“积极态度”。故选A。 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的航天事业取得了巨大的成就，这使我们在世界航天领域占有一席之地。11年后，中国终于完成了天宫空间站与梦天实验舱的对接，使天宫空间站成为除了美国领导的跨国国际空间站之外的第二个运行空间站。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“On November 1, the Mengtian lab module, the third and final part of its Tiangong space station docked with the core Tianhe module 13 hours after being launched.  Next, the Tianhe and Mengtian modules will dock with the Wentian lab module, completing Tiangong’s T-shaped basic structure.(11月1日，在发射13小时后，天宫空间站的第三个也是最后一个部分梦天实验舱与天和核心舱对接。接下来，天和号和梦天号将与问天号实验舱对接，完成天宫的t形基本结构)”可知，梦天模块它是天宫空间站的重要组成部分。故选B项。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreover, China has also announced plans to send men to the moon, helping its future settlement and economic use. And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The base, the International Lunar Research Station, is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.(此外，中国还宣布了将人类送上月球的计划，这有助于未来的定居和经济利用。中国和俄罗斯计划在2027年之前建立一个永久的月球基地。这个名为“国际月球研究站”的基地被视为一个为多种科学活动设计的实验综合体)”可推知，作者在第四段提到了“中国的计划”是为了提出一个事实。故选A项。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And China and Russia plan to establish a permanent moon base by 2027. The base, the International Lunar Research Station, is seen as an experimental complex designed for multiple scientific activities.(中国和俄罗斯计划在2027年之前建立一个永久的月球基地。这个名为“国际月球研究站”的基地被视为一个为多种科学活动设计的实验综合体)”可知，中国将通过建立月球基地进行多项科学活动来探索月球。故选D项。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“China’s space industry has made great achievements, which makes us occupy a place in the world space field.(中国的航天事业取得了巨大的成就，这使我们在世界航天领域占有一席之地)”可知，文章主要讲的是中国的航天事业取得了巨大的成就，使我们在世界航天领域占有一席之地。由此可知，文章适合的标题是“一步一个脚印，中国在太空站稳脚跟”。故选C项。 21．D 22．D 23．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了江苏在中国古代海上丝绸之路中的重要地位，我们可以在其港口城市、历史遗迹和自然美景中追寻这条贸易线上的故事。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Known as the land of water, China’s coastal province of Jiangsu has all the geographical advantages to give it a starring role in the epic (史诗般的) tale of China’s ancient Maritime (海上的) Silk Road.(被称为水之国的中国沿海省份江苏拥有所有的地理优势，使其在中国古代海上丝绸之路的史诗般的故事中扮演主角。)”可知，江苏的地理优势使其成为通往海上丝绸之路的古代大门。故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据Yangzhou and the spread of Buddhism部分中“In the Jiangsu city of Yangzhou, a Tang-dynasty monk by the name of Jianzhen set sail to Japan to spread the teachings of Buddhism. Daming Temple, where Jianzhen lived, can still be visited today.( 在江苏扬州市，一位名叫鉴真的唐代僧侣启航前往日本传播佛教教义。鉴真居住的大明寺，至今仍可参观)”可知，扬州有一座历史悠久的寺庙，是一个大型旅游景点。故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Discover Jiangsu(探索扬州)”和第一段“Known as the land of water, China’s coastal province of Jiangsu has all the geographical advantages to give it a starring role in the epic (史诗般的) tale of China’s ancient Maritime (海上的) Silk Road. With busy port cities, historic sites and breathtaking natural beauty, Jiangsu is the perfect place to follow the story of this remarkable trade route. (被称为水之国的中国沿海省份江苏拥有所有的地理优势，使其在中国古代海上丝绸之路的史诗般的故事中扮演主角。江苏拥有繁忙的港口城市、历史遗迹和令人叹为观止的自然美景，是了解这条非凡贸易路线故事的理想之地)”及各段小标题“Nanjing and the voyages of Zheng He(南京与郑和下西洋)”，“Nantong and overseas trade(南通与海外贸易)”，“Yancheng and unspoiled nature(盐城和未受破坏的自然风光)”,“Yangzhou and the spread of Buddhism(扬州与佛教的传播)”等可知，本文主要介绍了江苏在中国古代海上丝绸之路中的重要地位，我们可以在其港口城市，历史遗迹和自然美景中追寻这条贸易线上的故事，由此可知，本文谈论的是江苏的人文地理和自然地理，本文应该取材于地理杂志，故选A项。 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现移除三种蛋白质，油菜籽有可能变得可以食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力。 24．推理判断题。根据第二段的“To protect themselves, the rapeseed plants produce a group of substances (物质) called glucosinolates (硫苷), which give the plants a strong and bitter taste that scares off insects and disease. As a result rapeseed is unhealthy to eat (为了保护自己，油菜籽会产生一种叫做硫代葡萄糖苷(苷)的物质，这种物质会给油菜籽带来一种强烈而苦涩的味道，可以吓跑昆虫和疾病。因此，食用油菜籽是不健康的)”推知，第二段的目的是陈述食用油菜籽不安全的原因。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Now, researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered the three proteins that help to store the bitter substances in seeds of thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a plant closely related to the rapeseed. The new knowledge makes it possible to prevent the accumulation (积聚) of these substances in the seed by removing the proteins through “transport engineering” technology. (现在，哥本哈根大学的研究人员已经发现了三种蛋白质，它们有助于在芥蓝(一种与油菜籽密切相关的植物)的种子中储存苦味物质。新知识使得通过“运输工程”技术去除蛋白质来防止这些物质在种子中的积累成为可能)”可知，科学家们通过移除芥蓝中的三种蛋白质来去除芥蓝籽的苦味。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed. The climate crisis demands that we reduce meat consumption and eat more plants, which is where rapeseed has great potential as a new source of plant protein. Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed (欧盟一半的植物蛋白来自油菜籽。气候危机要求我们减少肉类消费，多吃植物，这就是油菜籽作为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力。我们最新的研究成果使我们离充分利用油菜籽又近了一步)”可知，Halkier的话集中在油菜作为一种新蛋白质来源的潜力上。故选D。 27．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合倒数第二段“So far, the researchers have shown that their method works in thale cress. “The next task is to apply our method to the closely related rapeseed plant, which we are now working on,” says Professor Halkier, leader of the research. (到目前为止，研究人员已经证明他们的方法在芥蓝中有效。“下一个任务是将我们的方法应用到与之密切相关的油菜籽植物上，这是我们目前正在研究的，”该研究的负责人Halkier教授说)”和最后一段“Our latest research results bring us a step closer to making full use of rapeseed (我们最新的研究成果使我们离充分利用油菜籽又近了一步)”可知，文章主要介绍在芥蓝（一种与油菜籽密切相关的植物）上的研究表明，通过移除三种蛋白质油菜籽有可能变得可以食用，并有成为植物蛋白新来源的巨大潜力。C项“Researchers closer to making rapeseed safe food (研究人员更接近于制作油菜籽安全食品)”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。 28．A 29．B 30．D 31．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Linganore高中2023年高年级恶作剧的情况，学生对此次活动的评价，以及对2024年活动的期待。 28．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Like many senior pranks, there were many different ideas, one of which was to take every desk and chair out of classes and put them in the stadium.(像许多高年级恶作剧一样，有许多不同的想法，其中一个是把教室里的每一张桌子和椅子都拿出来放在体育馆里)”和“Next, some seniors used balloons to totally fill the stairs on Main Street closest to the front entrance. Many seniors parked in the worst ways possible throughout the parking lots.(接下来，一些高年级学生用气球填满了主街最靠近前门的楼梯。许多老年人在整个停车场以最糟糕的方式停车)”可知，本段主要介绍了高年学生所做的不同的恶作剧。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“In addition to being annoyed by the water balloons, Simmonds was also unhappy with the lack of originality from the seniors.(除了被水球惹恼之外，Simmonds还对高年级学生缺乏独创性感到不满)”可知，Simmonds对高年级恶作剧感到不满。故选B。 30．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“To prevent injury, a teacher supervised the seniors’ Slip & Slide to ensure safety.(为了防止受伤，一名老师supervised高年级学生的滑滑梯以确保安全)”中的to prevent injury和to ensure safety可知，为了确保安全防止受伤，一名老师监督者高年级学生的滑滑梯。因此划线词意为“监督，管理”，与take charge of同义。故选D。 31．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Linganore高中2023年高年级恶作剧的情况，学生Cole Simmonds对此次活动的评价，以及对2024年活动的期待。由此推知，本文最有可能出自校园网站。故选C。 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体在日常生活中作用及影响。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“With social media, friendships go beyond geography.”（有了社交媒体，友谊就超越了地域。）可知，社交媒体可以让友谊跨越地理区域的界限。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Nevertheless, social media does consume our energy and lower our self-esteem (自尊) at times.”（然而，社交媒体有时确实会消耗我们的精力，降低我们的自尊。）作为本段的中心句，阐述了本段的论题，即社交媒体的负面结果，接下来的研究和名人的事例是作为论据证实本段的论题。故选D。 34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, those affected are usually teenagers who possess shaky self-identities. It is only natural for teenagers to seek popularity and social recognition. However, for every teenager who feels jealous, envious or depressed online, there is another who chooses to feel energetic, inspired and accepted by positive social connections.”（然而，对于每一个在网上感到嫉妒、嫉妒或沮丧的青少年来说，都有另一个青少年选择感到精力充沛、受到鼓舞和被积极的社会关系所接受。）提及了社交媒体的客观性。最后一段中“ Social media does not cause unhappiness; it simply provides an alternative platform for teenagers to experiment with as they grow up, something they have always done offline.”（社交媒体不会导致不快乐；它只是为青少年提供了一个在成长过程中尝试的替代平台，这是他们一直在线下做的事情。）可知，作者认为社交媒体只是为青少年提供了一个在成长过程中尝试的替代平台，并不会导致不快乐。每一个在网上感到嫉妒、嫉妒或沮丧的青少年，都有另一个选择感到精力充沛、受到鼓舞和被积极的社会关系所接受。可推知，作者是客观地描述社交媒体，故选B。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““What is interesting is the power and impact of social media... we must try to use social media in a good way.”（“有趣的是社交媒体的力量和影响……我们必须努力以一种好的方式使用社交媒体。”）提到了使用社交媒体要用好的方式。因此可推知，接下来的内容应该提及关于积极使用社交媒体的建议。故选C。 36．D 37．C 38．D 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。真菌对地球上的生命至关重要，一项新的研究发现，在森林中种植可食用蘑菇可能是一种为数百万人提供健康食物和保护环境的好方法。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fungi (真菌) are essential to life on Earth”（真菌对地球上的生命至关重要）可知，真菌对地球上的生命至关重要。故选D。 37．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“There are many different types of fungi. For example, an ecologist could find it useful to divide the fungi into those that are mycorrhizal (菌根菌) and those that are not. However, to an organic chemist, it is a natural way to divide fungi by the organic matter they produce.”（真菌有很多种。例如，生态学家可能会发现将真菌分为菌根真菌和非菌根真菌是很有用的。然而，对于有机化学家来说，根据真菌产生的有机物来划分真菌是一种自然的方法。）可知，根据不同的标准可以把真菌分为不同的类别。所以本段主要讲述真菌的分类方式。故选C。 38．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“which means we can add fungi into diets to replace meat”（这意味着我们可以在饮食中添加真菌来代替肉类）可知，真菌可以添加到饮食中来代替肉类，因此划线词此处的含义为“替换，交换”，与replace同义，故选D。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A new study has found that growing eatable mushrooms in forests on purpose could be a good way to provide healthy food for millions of people and help the environment too.”（一项新的研究发现，在森林中种植可食用蘑菇可能是一种为数百万人提供健康食物和保护环境的好方法。）；第三段中“Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump from the University of Stirling in Scotland, spent two years studying eatable fungi that grow alongside trees. The pair discovered that while they are growing, fungi remove carbon dioxide from the air and store it in the soil. Moreover, eatable fungi grow well in the shade of trees, which means if fungi become very popular, more trees could actually be planted. Eatable fungi contain lots of substances that are good for humans. ”（来自苏格兰斯特林大学的Paul Thomas和Alistair Jump花了两年时间研究生长在树木旁边的可食用真菌。两人发现，真菌在生长过程中，会从空气中去除二氧化碳，并将其储存在土壤中。此外，可食用的真菌在树荫下生长得很好，这意味着如果真菌变得非常受欢迎，实际上可以种植更多的树木。食用菌含有许多对人体有益的物质。）；最后一段“Paul Thomas and Alistair Jump are really optimistic about growing fungi. He said if the fungi-tree growing system was combined with current forestry activities, food production levels could be huge. He claimed if the method had been used in forestry that has taken place during the last 10 years, enough food could have been produced to feed 18. 9 million people annually. ”（Paul Thomas和Alistair Jump对种植真菌非常乐观。他说，如果真菌树种植系统与目前的林业活动相结合，粮食生产水平可能会很高。他声称，如果在过去10年里在林业中使用这种方法，可以生产出足够养活18人的食物。每年900万人。）可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对真菌的一项研究结果：在森林中种植可食用蘑菇可能是一种为数百万人提供健康食物和保护环境的好方法。选项A.“真菌可以养活全世界。”可以概括文章主旨，符合题意，故选A。 40．B 41．A 42．B 43．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了韩国出现的“归农”现象。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But now, she fears that natural disasters may ruin her potatoes and corn.(但现在，她担心自然灾害可能会毁掉她的土豆和玉米。)”可知，Kim Ji-un现在担心的事情是自己的农作物。故选B。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This time, in the wake of the worldwide crisis, the government encourages many new farmers who have never lived in the countryside before to return to the farmland, and sees it as a way to bring about economy growth in rural areas.(这一次，在全球危机之后，政府鼓励许多之前从未在农村生活过的新农民重返农田，并将其视为实现农村经济增长的一种方式。)”可知，政府鼓励年轻人重返农田是为了发展农村。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plan is working as expected. In 2021 nearly 380,000 people moved to the countryside, up 15% from 2015.(该计划按预期在进行着。2021年，近38万人移居农村，比2015年增长了15%。)”可知，政府鼓励年轻人回归农村的计划按照预期发展，越来越多的人移居农村。由此可推测出，这个计划运行良好。故选B。 43．句意猜测题。根据画线句“Newcomers are expected to abandon their urban ways of life and the neighbor’s doorways, not just your own, should be cleared when it is convenient for you.(人们希望新来的人放弃他们的城市生活方式，邻居的门口，而不仅仅是你自己的门口，应该在你方便的时候清理干净。)”可知，农村的人希望新来者能够在打扫自己门口的同时也顺便打扫邻居的门口。由此可推测出，农村的生活方式和城市的生活方式不同，这里更加需要人们相互照顾。故选C。 44．C 45．C 46．A 47．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究发现在晴天中午给植物浇水可能会伤害它们的叶子这一观点是错误的。 44．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A classic example is the long-held idea that watering plants around noon on a sunny day should be avoided, since it might harm their leaves.(一个经典的例子是，长期以来人们一直认为，应该避免在晴天的中午给植物浇水，因为这可能会伤害它们的叶子。)”可知，文中讨论的人们长期持有的观点是中午浇水可能会损害植物健康。故选C项。 45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They found that spreading small glass spheres (球体) over the surface of smooth-leaved plants could indeed have this effect, causing damage right across the leaf surface. But when this was repeated with actual water droplets, such damage didn’t occur.(他们发现，在光滑叶子的植物表面散布小玻璃球确实会产生这种效果，在叶子表面造成损害。但是，当用真正的水滴重复这个过程时，这种损害没有发生。)”可知，研究人员用真正的水滴进行实验发现与玻璃球不同，水滴不会损害树叶。故选C项。 46．主旨大意题。根据第四段“This is because water behaves rather differently to glass. The shape of a water droplet on a leaf is more elliptical (椭圆的) than spherical. The computer modelling showed that the extreme damage through a lens of this shape would occur when the sun was at a low angle in the sky, that is, in the morning or in the afternoon. However, the sun’s strength at these times is too low to cause any harm. Even if the light of the midday sun did somehow come at the strongest angle, the heat at this time of day would always cause the water droplets to evaporate (蒸发) before they had an effect.(这是因为水的表现与玻璃大不相同。叶子上水滴的形状与其说是球形，不如说是椭圆形。计算机模拟表明，当太阳处于较低的角度时，即在早晨或下午，这种形状的透镜会产生极大的损伤。然而，这些时候的太阳强度太低，不会造成任何伤害。即使正午的阳光确实以最强的角度照进来，一天中这个时候的热量也总是会导致水滴在产生效果之前蒸发掉。)”可知，第四段中说明了为什么真正的水滴不会损害树叶，是对上文研究结果的解释。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So, if your plants need a good watering, give them some water. Not watering thirsty plants on a sunny day for fear of leaf scorch will almost certainly lead to more damage from drought stress than could be caused by the magnifying glass (放大镜) effect.(所以，如果你的植物需要好好浇水，给它们一些水。在阳光明媚的日子里，因为害怕叶子被烧焦而不给口渴的植物浇水，几乎肯定会导致干旱压力，造成比放大镜效应更大的损害。)”和“the evidence doesn’t support the idea that watering at midday will cause burning.(证据并不支持中午浇水会引起叶子被烧焦的观点)”可推知，在阳光明媚的中午给口渴的植物浇水是可行的。故选D项。 48．D 49．C 50．D 51．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别。在越南生肖中猫取代了中国生肖中兔子。 48．推理判断题。根据第二段中“No one knows exactly how the 12 animals came to be named. But ancient storytellers said the Jade Emperor, or the Buddha, organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac.(没有人确切知道这12种动物是如何被命名的。但古代的故事讲述者说，玉皇大帝或佛陀组织了一场世界上所有动物的过河比赛。最先到达另一边的12个将出现在黄道十二宫)”、第三段中“In the Chinese version of the story, the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water.(在这个故事的中国版本中，猫和老鼠骑着牛过河，老鼠把猫推到了水里)”和第四段中“However, in the Vietnamese version which did not have a rabbit, the cat could swim and ended up arriving fourth.(然而，在没有兔子的越南版本中，猫会游泳，最终获得第四名)”可推知，文中用动物过河的比赛来探究两个国家生肖不一样的原因。故选D项。 49．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“By the time the rabbit woke up, three others had already arrived.(当兔子醒来的时候，另外三种动物已经到了)”和第四段中“The top twelve finishers which appear in the zodiac were rat, ox, tiger, cat (or rabbit), dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.(十二生肖中排名前十二的是鼠、牛、虎、猫(或兔)、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪。)”可推知，句中“three others”是指排在猫（兔）前面的鼠、牛和虎。故选C项。 50．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He said in old Chinese, there is a little-used word tied to the sign of the rabbit (卯) that is pronounced like mao. The pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat.(他说，在古汉语中，有一个很少使用的词与兔子的宫 (卯) 有关，它发音像“mao”。其发音类似于越南语中表示猫的单词“mèo”)”可知，Papin认为两种语言中某些词的发音相似导致在越南生肖中兔子被猫替换。故选D项。 51．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And one of the top Google searches in Vietnam is “why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac.”(越南最热门的谷歌搜索之一是“为什么中国十二生肖里没有猫”)”可推知，在越南，猫年或兔年引起了公众的兴趣。故选A项。 52．A 53．D 54．A 55．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述美国很多想减肥的人使用吃减肥药的方法来达到减肥目的，但是减肥药并不是适合所有人。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“While healthy eating and exercise are important to the length and quality of life, too many people think of weight loss pills as a shorter path to removing extra pounds instead of as a sometimes-useful tool for the individuals they’ve been approved for. (虽然健康的饮食和锻炼对寿命和质量很重要，但太多人认为减肥药是一种较短的减肥途径，而不是一种有时对被批准的人有用的工具。)”可知，大多数人认为减肥药比健康的饮食和锻炼的减肥效果快。故选A。 53．推理判断题。根据第三段“For the right person, weight loss pills can be a helpful tool in weight management, but they are usually only suggested for people with extreme fatness and after other weight loss treatments such as diet and exercise have been put into one’s lifestyle first. (对于合适的人来说，减肥药可能是一种有助于体重管理的工具，但通常只建议极端肥胖的人服用，以及在将饮食和锻炼等其他减肥治疗首先纳入生活方式后服用。)”和第四段“Such FDA-approved drugs are intended to be used by people struggling with significant extra weight and not by anyone looking to drop a few pounds by chance.(这类经美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物旨在供那些体重严重增加的人使用，而不是供那些希望偶然减掉几磅的人使用。)”可知，人们选择市场上的减肥药的时候要慎重。故选D。 54．细节理解题。根据第五段“It is accepted that we do need to pay much more attention to preventing weight problems early in life through healthy diets and regular physical activities, rather than waiting to respond to developed fatness and illnesses. (人们普遍认为，我们确实需要在生命早期通过健康饮食和定期体育活动来更多地注意预防体重问题，而不是等待对肥胖和疾病的反应。)”可知，人们应该在肥胖和疾病的反应出现之前就采取措施处理体重问题。故选A。 55．主旨大意题。根据第一段“America has long been crazy about weight loss. New diets continue to come up; diet and exercise apps are on the rise. It’s no wonder more people are on diets now than were a decade ago and 4 out of 10 Americans consider themselves to be overweight.(美国长期以来一直热衷于减肥。新的饮食方式不断出现；减肥和锻炼应用程序正在兴起。难怪现在节食的人比十年前多，十分之四的美国人认为自己超重。)”， 第三段“For the right person, weight loss pills can be a helpful tool in weight management, but they are usually only suggested for people with extreme fatness and after other weight loss treatments such as diet and exercise have been put into one’s lifestyle first. (对于合适的人来说，减肥药可能是一种有助于体重管理的工具，但通常只建议极端肥胖的人服用，以及在将饮食和锻炼等其他减肥治疗首先纳入生活方式后服用。)”和第四段“Such FDA-approved drugs are intended to be used by people struggling with significant extra weight and not by anyone looking to drop a few pounds by chance.(这类经美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物旨在供那些体重严重增加的人使用，而不是供那些希望偶然减掉几磅的人使用。)”可知，这篇文章是围绕哪些人适合吃减肥药展开讨论的，C项“ 减肥药适合所有人吗？”适合做文章标题。故选C。 56．C 57．B 58．B 59．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字数字化的必要性和困难，以及解决方案。 56．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Chinese government and tech companies are working together to speed up the digitalization(数字化) of rarely used Chinese characters, which will allow them to be recognized by computers as the country's banks, hospitals and government departments move deals online. However, for lack of technical support, many people's names and place names can not be put in. This has caused troubles in life, such as opening bank accounts and booking transportation tickets.(中国政府和科技公司正在共同努力，加快对很少使用的汉字进行数字化处理，这将使中国的银行、医院和政府部门能够在网上交易时识别这些汉字。然而，由于缺乏技术支持，许多人的姓名和地名无法输入。这给生活带来了麻烦，比如开银行账户、订交通票。)”可知，政府加快汉字数字化是为了使输入不常见的汉字成为可能。故选C。 57．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“If they pass expert approval, they will be added to China's official set of coded (编码的) characters, known as GB 18030. The latest version of GB18030 has more than 80, 000 Chinese characters. However, most computers only support the input and display of about 30, 000 commonly used characters.(它们将被添加到中国的官方编码字符集，即GB18030中。最新版本的GB18030有8万多个汉字。然而，大多数计算机只支持大约3万个常用字符的输入和显示。)”可知，GB18030是一个编码字符系统。故选B。 58．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Lin is unwilling to change her given name as it carries special significance to her.  The character “su” consists of characters “geng” and “sheng”, the latter part of the phrase “zi li geng sheng” meaning“to rely on oneself. “The character contains my parents' wish for me to grow up into an independent soul,” she said.(林不愿意改变自己的名字，因为这个名字对她来说有着特殊的意义。“甦”字由“更”和“生”两个字组成，名字后半部分“自励更生”的意思是“依靠自己”。“这个字包含了我父母希望我成长为一个独立的灵魂的愿望，”她说。)”可知，罕见的文字带有特殊的含义。故选B。 59．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Despite the difficulties involved, digitalization must continue to not only solve practical problems, but also to protect and pass down Chinese culture.  Every rare character is a part of cultural treasures.  They shall not be lost in the digital time nor become a block to digital society.(尽管困难重重，数字化不仅要解决实际问题，还要保护和传承中国文化。每一个罕见的文字都是文化瑰宝的一部分。它们不应该在数字时代迷失，也不应该成为数字社会的绊脚石。)”可知，汉字数字化为便利的生活和文化发展铺平了道路。故选D。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$