2024届高考英语用重复法搞定阅读长难句主从复合句定语从句翻译 讲义

一、高考英语阅读长难句主从复合句定语从句结构重复翻译法 重复是汉语表达的一个显著特点，在很多场合只有将词语一再的重复才能达到想要的效果。相同的在汉英翻译中，为了表达出汉语准确完整的标准和效果，为了使想要表达的意思表达更清楚更强调也是需要一些关键词语的重复。 1.重复名词 ①重复英语中作表语的名词 This has been our point of view; but this is not theirs. 这一直是我们的观点;但这不是他们的。 Jason is one of your friend as much as he is mine. 杰森既是我的朋友，也是你的朋友。 ②重复英语中作宾语的名词 Students must be taught to have the ability to review what they have learned and cast off their learning predicament. 必须培养学生对所学知识的回顾和摆脱学习困境的能力。 They would be very unwilling to delay or cancel the conference. 他们非常不愿意推迟或取消会议。 ③重复定语从句中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词)，一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。 He gave me a science fiction which I kept to this day. 他给了我一本科幻小说，我一直保存到今天。 Yesterday evening， I met an kind donator ， who said that he would provide some donation for the disable people the next week. 昨天晚上，我遇到了一位好心的捐赠者，他说下周他将为残疾人提供一些捐款。 (四)重复英语介词前所省略的名词 英语中常重复使用介词，而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。 The doctor will get more treatment and experiment out of me than out of seventeen thousand normal patients. 医生从我身上得到的治疗和实验比从一万七千名正常病人身上得到的还要多。 二、重复动词 (一)英语句子中动词后有介词时，在第二次或者第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在汉语译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。 We talked of ourselves,of our life travel meaning， of the emotion and the encountering event， of the weather, of each other–;of everything. 我们聊起了自己，聊起了旅行的意义，聊起了感情和相遇的事件，聊起了天气，聊起了彼此，聊起了一切。 ⭐有时候，在英语中连动词后面的介词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 They wanted to confirm if Jason hand in his homework on time and help his mother ease her burden of housework. 他们想确认杰森是否按时交作业，并帮助他妈妈减轻家务负担。 (二)英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。 Is he a good and kind friend or devil an enemy? 他是善良的朋友还是魔鬼的敌人? You can finish that work very well if you try your best to . 如果你尽力的话，你可以很好地完成那项工作。 三、重复代词 (一)英语中用物主代词its， his， their等等以代替句中作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语)时，翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词(有时附有修饰语)，以达到明确具体的目的。 Each country has its own law and principle. 每个国家都有自己的法律和原则。 (二)英语用some... and others...(some...， others...)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构，有时也可以用“有的...，有的...”或者“一些...，一些....”的句式。 Some have entered the school and others have took part in the social activity. 一些人进入了学校，另一些人参加了社会活动。 Some played valleyball and others played badminton 有的打排球，有的打羽毛球 (三)英语中的关系代词或关系副词whoever， whenever， wherever等等，在翻译时，往往使用重复法处理。 Whoever break the rules should be criticized by the principal. 无论谁违反校规，都应受到校长的批评。 You may buy whichever book in your favourite bookstore you like best. 你可以在你最喜欢的书店里买你最喜欢的书。 (四)英语代词的使用非常频繁，汉语中除非必要，一般不宜多用代词。因此，在翻译中，除了适当地将原文中的一些代词直译外，还经常将某些代词所替代的名词重复译出，以使译文意思清楚明了。 Jason opened his eyes. Their heart were confused and embarrassed. 杰森睁开眼睛。他们的内心是困惑和尴尬的。 He hated criticize; he had won over it all apect of his life,get over and wanna to change it， despised it in others. 他讨厌批评;他在生活的方方面面都战胜了它，克服了它，想要改变它，蔑视别人的缺点。 四、其他重复法 为了使译文明确具体，除了上面谈到的一些重复手段外，还有一种情况：英语原文没有重复，在翻译的时候，可以在汉语译文中采用重复法或者用同义词来重复。 Please wait a minute 请等一等。 I had met with great trouble in learning physics and mathematics. 我在学习物理和数学时遇到了很大的困难。 He was professional and obedient both as a student and as a son. 作为学生和儿子，他既专业又听话。 (原文中形容词proficient没有重复，译文却以“精于”、“善于”两个不同形式重复同一个内容。) 值得注意的是，重复法是不可以盲目滥用的，过度的重复会使译文罗嗦累赘、单调乏味。只有在准确理解原文的基础上，灵活运用重复法才能让译文表达得更加准确、更加通顺。 The high-tech explosion has created a new group of actor and actress that like challenge their own performance and have a good grasp of acting knowledge. 高科技的爆发造就了一批新的演员，他们喜欢挑战自己的表演，并且很好地掌握了表演知识。 Cambridge University has cultivated great writers and poets such as Newton，Bacon，Milton，Byronand Darwin,who made greatest contribution to improvement of life quality . 剑桥大学培养了牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦和达尔文等伟大的作家和诗人，他们对提高生活质量做出了最大的贡献。 Not long from now,the seemingly endless explosion of computer power that has activated the digital reform and improvement of the past two decades will stop endless main breakthroughs happen. 从现在开始，在过去二十年中激活了数字改革和改进的计算机能力似乎永无止境的爆炸将阻止无休止的重大突破发生。 2、 高考英语阅读长难句真题演练 【出自：2023年全国高考英语甲卷阅读D篇】 Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 句子结构分析which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面主句 翻译：它们的恢复是如此成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。 【出自：2023年全国高考英语甲卷阅读D篇】 Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 句子结构分析：where引导地点状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰biologist 翻译：我们希望有一个干净、没有吸引力的地方，熊可以在这里通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家。 3、 高考英语阅读逐个句子翻译： The Merriam-Webster dictionary puts it simply: “birdbrain: a stupid person”. 韦氏词典将其简单地解释为:“鸟脑:愚蠢的人”。 Well, some birds are having the last laugh with that one. 好吧，有些鸟笑到最后了。 For animals, the ability to solve problems with multiple tools is a rare talent, which was reported only in chimpanzees (大猩猩). which引导定语从句修饰前面句子 对于动物来说，用多种工具解决问题的能力是一种罕见的才能，这种能力只在黑猩猩中被报道过(大猩猩)。 But now, a study conducted by Osuna-Mascaró’s team adds Goffin’s cockatoos (small white parrots) to the “Dean’s List”, too. 但现在，Osuna-Mascaró团队进行的一项研究将戈芬凤头鹦鹉(小白色鹦鹉)也列入了“院长名单”。 Inspired by the chimpanzees which fish for white ants via tools, the team tasked the cockatoos with fishing for a kind of nut in three experiments. Which引导定语从句修饰chimpanzee；inspired by..过去分词作定语修饰the team 受黑猩猩用工具捕捉白蚁的启发，研究小组让凤头鹦鹉在三个实验中捕捉一种坚果。 Firstly, the researchers made a box containing a nut which was covered by a transparent membrane (薄膜). Which引导定语从句修饰a nut 首先，研究人员制作了一个装有坚果的盒子，上面覆盖着透明膜(薄膜)。 Once a cockatoo broke it through with a sharp stick, the bird would need to use a straw (麦秆) to reach the nut. The birds were supplied with the two tools. 一旦凤头鹦鹉用一根锋利的棍子把它打穿，它就需要用一根稻草(麦秆)来够到坚果。给鸟儿们提供了这两种工具。 Seven of the 10 cockatoos figured it out, with two completing the task within 35 seconds on their first attempt! 10只凤头鹦鹉中有7只想出了答案，其中两只在第一次尝试的35秒内完成了任务! Since the cockatoos don’t have similar foraging(觅食的)requirements in the wild, there is no chance that they can adapt their tool-using strategies to the task naturally. 由于凤头鹦鹉在野外没有类似的觅食需求(觅食的)，因此它们不可能自然地调整自己的工具使用策略来完成任务。 Next, the team mixed up the boxes and randomly presented each bird with a box with the membrane or a box without. 接下来，研究小组把盒子混在一起，随机给每只鸟一个有膜的盒子或一个没有膜的盒子。 The birds were given the same two tools. 给了这些鸟同样的两种工具。 As a result, all the cockatoos mastered the test quickly and were able to recognize when a single tool was sufficient and when two tools were required. when引导时间状语从句 结果，所有的凤头鹦鹉都很快掌握了测试，并且能够识别出什么时候使用一个工具就足够了，什么时候需要两个工具。 However, the birds showed an interesting behavior beyond the researchers’ expectations. 然而，这些鸟表现出了一种超出研究人员预期的有趣行为。 “When they chose between which tool to use, they were picking one up, releasing it, then picking up the other one, and so on,” says Osuna-Mascaró. Osuna-Mascaró说:“当他们选择使用哪种工具时，他们会拿起一个，释放它，然后拿起另一个，以此类推。” “It is worthwhile to figure this out in future.” “这是值得在未来弄清楚的。” Subsequently, the researchers evaluated the birds’ transportation ability while carrying tools in different situations While引导时间状语从句 随后，研究人员评估了鸟类在不同情况下携带工具的运输能力 . Most cockatoos carried the two tools together when they were presented with a box having the membrane. when引导时间状语从句 当给凤头鹦鹉一个装有薄膜的盒子时，大多数凤头鹦鹉都会同时携带这两种工具。 “I’ve seen birds combining objects playfully, but they rarely transport more than one object together in their normal behavior,” says one biologist. 一位生物学家说:“我曾见过鸟类把物体顽皮地组合在一起，但它们在正常行为中很少把一个以上的物体放在一起。” “We feel that, in terms of technical cognition and tool use, birds have been underestimated. Maybe it’s time for dictionary editors to justify birds.” “我们认为，就技术认知和工具使用而言，鸟类被低估了。也许是时候让词典编辑为鸟类正名了。” 词汇解析： In terms of 就……而言；从……角度来看；就……方面而言 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$