高考英语真题 人与社会之科学与技术主题练4 专项训练

高考英语真题主题练4　科学与技术 (考试时间：120分钟　试卷满分：150分) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (2022·山东高考听力第二次) 1.What did the man do yesterday afternoon? A.Watch a show. B.Visit his cousin. C.Work on his paper. 2.What happened in the factory? A.Some brochures were ruined. B.There was a power failure. C.A printer broke down. 3.What is the woman going to do? A.Have dinner. B.Catch a flight. C.Find a book. 4.Why does the man think Toronto is his hometown? A.He’s traveled there many times. B.He was born there. C.He’s lived there for a long time. 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.Waste of paper. B.A copy machine. C.A recycling program. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (2022·山东高考听力第一次) 6.What does the woman need to climb Black Mountain? A.A GPS. B.Good walking boots. C.A walking stick. 7.How does the man feel about the woman’s decision? A.It’s worthwhile. B.It’s confusing. C.It’s risky. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 (2022·山东高考听力第二次) 8.What problem does the man have? A.A bad grade. B.A schedule conflict. C.A tough major. 9.What subject does the woman suggest the man learn this semester? A.Math. B.Computer Science. C.History. 10.How does the man sound in the end? A.Relaxed. B.Regretful. C.Hesitant. 听第8段材料， 回答第11至13题。 (2023·浙江1月卷) 11.What does Becky like about living with her parents? A.They have a big house. B.They cook meals for her. C.They pay all her expenses. 12.What does Ethan suggest Becky do regarding her mother? A.Have patience. B.Provide company. C.Express gratitude. 13.Why is Ethan concerned about his parents living on their own? A.They may feel lonely. B.They may fail to get along. C.They may have an emergency. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 (2022·山东高考听力第二次) 14.Where does the conversation take place? A.In a travel agency. B.In a bar. C.In a hotel. 15.How long will it take the man to get to the airport? A.50 minutes. B.25 minutes. C.15 minutes. 16.What will the man do in thirty minutes? A.Pay the bill. B.Take a bus. C.Receive the receipt. 17.What does the man agree to do before leaving? A.Have a drink. B.Write a thank-you note. C.Sign the guest book. 听第10段材料， 回答第18至20题。 (2022·山东高考听力第一次) 18.What is the speaker busy doing now? A.Writing a book. B.Planning a trip. C.Learning to dance. 19.What did the speaker get after the spread of her first video? A.She was given more vacations. B.She was invited to many countries. C.She was offered some money. 20.Why does the speaker travel around the world? A.To be connected with people. B.To give live reports. C.To see different places. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (全国Ⅰ卷) Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3. C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance. 22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A.Train science teachers. B.Distribute science books. C.Inspire scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom. 23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events. C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Center’s history. (2020·北京卷) Growing up, Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she could be.“I was a black girl, from a refugee (难民) family，” Deka said.“It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.” After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, Deka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future.Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor. Born and raised in San Diego’s City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugee couple.While some might say Deka’s success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today. When Deka was eight years old, her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the whole family.That made Deka realize that education could make a difference to one’s life.She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didn’t do many of the things her peers did，like partying or having romantic relationships. “I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family，” Deka said.“You have to not even do your best but two times better than everyone else.I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.” Deka’s efforts paid off.The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme.“She brought both enthusiasm and focus”， Botham，a researcher at this research institute，recalled.“She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.” When asked what advice she would give to others like her，Deka warned them not to underestimate themselves.“Don’t tell yourself that the scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or I’ll never get into this school，” she said.“I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.” 24.From the passage, we can learn that . A.Deka was adopted by a refugee family B.Deka spent a lot of time going to parties C.Deka became a professor after graduation D.Deka’s experiences drove her to work hard 25.Deka realized the importance of education . A.from her mother’s experience B.after her chemistry class C.by reading books in the library D.through working at the institute 26.According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be . A.patient B.confident C.ambitious D.generous 27.What does the story intend to tell us? A.Life is not all roses. B.Practice makes perfect. C.Well begun is half done. D.Hard work leads to success. (2023·浙江1月卷) A machine can now not only beat you at chess，it can also outperform you in debate.Last week，in a public debate in San Francisco，a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents，including Noa Ovadia，Israel’s former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is，Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out，yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond，professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University，put it：“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning，and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those symbols mean.Indeed，to a computer，meaning is irrelevant.Humans，in thinking，talking，reading and writing，also work with symbols.But for humans，meaning is everything.When we communicate，we communicate meaning.What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols，but the inside too，not just how they are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction，not of computation，interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads，but also outside，in society，in social memory，social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.And that’s why，however astonishing Project Debater may seem，the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. 28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph? A.To explain the use of a software program. B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater. C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition. 29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles”in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond? A.Create rules. B.Comprehend meaning. C.Talk fluently. D.Identify difficult words. 31.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols. B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed. C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. (2023·浙江1月卷) According to the Solar Energy Industries Association，the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade，and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.But all of that growth will take up a lot of space，and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy，few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible，so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.Often，they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.The result is that many communities，especially in farming regions，see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan Macknick，the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project.“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development，which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫). Habitat loss，pesticide use，and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades，which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy.Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens，businesses，schools，cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years，many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators，resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.“These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape，” says Macknick. 32.What do solar developers often ignore? A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. B.The negative impact of installing solar panels. C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D.The most recent advances in solar technology. 33.What does InSPIRE aim to do? A.Improve the productivity of local farms. B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development. C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Pollinators：To Leave or to Stay B.Solar Energy：Hope for the Future C.InSPIRE：A Leader in Agriculture D.Solar Farms：A New Development 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2021·浙江6月卷) You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 36 “I often send postcards to family and friends，” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 37 ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online.Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch(直觉)paid off. Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575，217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 38 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job. Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 39 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken. “Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 40 That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing，” Paulo says. A.And that’s totally fine. B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it. C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby. D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world. E.On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million. F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. G.In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2024·河北唐山二模) “Dad，just touch the green button! The one with a little picture of a telephone on it！” I was shouting to my father as I 41 him on how to answer it. My father is already in his eighties and lives alone.To communicate better and 42 his later life，I bought him a mobile phone，but my father 43 resisted using it.After my repeated attempts of persuasion，he unwillingly 44 this strange device. It took my father about a year to learn to answer and make calls.Fortunately，my father’s tech skills have 45 to FaceTime capability.During a FaceTime call，we had a rather 46 moment.As he couldn’t 47 me well，he held up the screen to his ear.This meant all I saw was his large 48 .For a long time，I could still 49 Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which made me laugh. Then this past summer I introduced him to Wordle—a popular word puzzle.He caught on fast and became 50 about it.Now he looks forward to 51 the puzzle as soon as the new game comes out after midnight.Every morning he sends me a text，telling me the 52 of the day.This has unexpectedly strengthened our bond. It is quite 53 that at 89，my father has mastered the mobile phone to the level that he can access and send emails and texts，and even do his banking online. The 54 to smartphones has been blamed for damaging interpersonal relationships.However，I can say the mobile phone has 55 our relationship. 41.A.cheated B.asked C.coached D.followed 42.A.enrich B.fund C.simplify D.save 43.A.slightly B.strongly C.bravely D.successfully 44.A.threw B.bought C.forgot D.accepted 45.A.turned B.progressed C.replied D.contributed 46.A.humorous B.proud C.urgent D.quiet 47.A.understand B.see C.hear D.treat 48.A.eye B.ear C.mouth D.hand 49.A.picture B.observe C.prevent D.mind 50.A.angry B.cautious C.crazy D.patient 51.A.searching for B.testing out C.paying for D.figuring out 52.A.word B.news C.routine D.weather 53.A.strange B.impressive C.worrying D.easy 54.A.reform B.resistance C.addiction D.limitation 55.A.complicated B.started C.destroyed D.enhanced 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2020·新高考Ⅱ卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to-12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 56. (begin) computer classes. At the same time，computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 57. (education) computer programs for children in preschool.Also, technological know-how has become a 58. (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 59. (profession). The Digital World is a set of volumes 60. aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 61. wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 62. discusses the influences they have on everyday life.Because the number of possible topics 63. (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 64. (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 65. (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume. 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2018·天津卷改编) 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。 (1)比赛的时间、地点； (2)邀请他的原因； (3)训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the World Adolescent Robotics Competition Dear Chris， I have good news to tell you.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Jin 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·济宁一模) “A nursing home would be safer，Dad，” Arlyn told her father，Jim. “No way，” Jim interrupted.His wife passed away just a year before.At 91，he still wanted to remain in the cottage he and his wife had built. Jim started experiencing an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease.Arlyn found his decline was indeed all-consuming.However，she herself was in her late sixties；her house was a 40-minute drive from the cottage.One day，when she read about a new eldercare service called Care.coach，it fueled her interest.For about $200 a month，a computerized avatar (化身) (controlled remotely by a human caregiver) would watch over a home-bound person 24 hours a day.She signed up immediately. A week later，a tablet arrived.Following the instructions，Arlyn uploaded dozens of family pictures.Then an animated dog appeared on the screen.She presented the tablet to Jim，pointing to the screen pet，and said excitedly，“Here，Dad.You have a new companion.” Jim，doubtful about the dog’s service，knew he had to learn how to get along with the dog before Alzheimer’s took hold. Within a week，Jim and his dog，whom he named Pony，settled into a routine.Every 15 minutes or so，Pony would look for Jim calling his name if he was out of view.Sometimes Jim would “pet” to awake the sleeping Pony on screen.Pony reminded Jim which caretaker would be visiting to do the tasks：preparing meals，driving him to a senior center，etc.Pony would read poetry aloud or discuss the news.When Pony praised Jim’s sweater，Jim repaid by petting Pony’s screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog’s head.One evening when Arlyn came to visit her father as usual，she was amazed to find that Pony was holding up a photo of her late mum to her dad between its paws. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Jim stared at the photo fondly，with tears welling up in his eyes.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad，Arlyn felt a relief.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 答案解析 听力原文 Text 1 W：Did you watch the show yesterday afternoon? M：No，I was busy with my report.Did you watch it? W：Yes，I went with my cousin.It was quite good. Text 2 W：Hi，Albert.I just received a call from Peterson’s company.They want to know if the brochures are ready. M：Well，the printing has been delayed because the factory went through a power failure the other day. Text 3 W：Excuse me.Where are the checking desks for American Airlines? M：Over there.Desks numbers 47 to 50. W：Okay，thanks. Text 4 W：Steve，what would you say is your hometown? M：Um，that’s a difficult question because I’ve traveled around so much.Still，um，Toronto，I suppose.I’ve lived there for more than twenty years.I wasn’t born there，though. Text 5 W：Look at all the paper in the waste basket next to the copy machine.That’s really wasteful.There should be a better way to deal with it. M：Well，we should try to recycle all our waste paper.That would save money and help the environment. Text 6 W：Do you know what I want to do next summer? My goal is to climb Black Mountain. M：Are you serious? Black Mountain is too hard to climb.Don’t you need special equipment，such as a walking stick，a GPS? W：I already asked about it.(6)I just need good walking boots. M：And you’re not strong enough to climb such a big mountain. W：You’re right.I can’t do it now，but I’ll go running every weekend.Next summer，I’ll be fit enough to climb the mountain. M：Well，good luck.(7)But as your friend，I still think you should think twice. Text 7 M：Lucy，(8)I have a conflict in my schedule.I don’t know what to do. W：Can’t you rearrange your schedule? M：No，the other sections of the courses I need are closed. W：Then you’ll have to drop a course. M：I don’t know which one to drop—Math 102，or History 301? W：(9)Well，since you want to major in Computer Science and you need to take Math 102 before taking several computer science courses like CS 203，it’s important to take Math 102 right away. M：(10)You are right，but I do like history and I heard the history teacher is a very good one.I’ll think about it. Text 8 W：Ethan，have you thought about getting your own house? M：Yeah.But I’m convinced my parents love having me back.What about you? W：Um...Not sure yet.Right now，(11)I enjoy getting my meals cooked for me every day. M：Do you pay a contribution to the house? W：Of course I do.But it’s still much less than I would pay to live in my own flat.Right? M：Obviously. W：The only thing I don’t like is that my mom wants to know every part of my life.“Becky，what are you doing tomorrow？”“Where？”“With whom？” The same questions every day. M：Moms are like that.They ask because they care.(12)You’ve got to be patient with them.My parents ask those questions too，but I may not move out soon.(13)The thought of leaving them fills me with fear.What if one of them falls over？What if they both have a fall together? W：That would be terrible. Text 9 W：(14)Did you enjoy your stay with us，sir? M：Yes，very much.Now I need to get to the airport.(14)I have a flight that leaves in about two hours.I heard you have a free airport bus service? W：Yes，we do.(16)The next bus leaves in about half an hour.(15)It takes about twenty-five minutes to get to the airport. M：Fantastic.I’ll just wait in the hallway.Will you please let me know when it will be leaving? W：Of course，sir.Oh，before you go，would you please settle the bill for your drink at our bar just now? M：Oh，sorry，I almost forgot.How much is it? W：Fifteen dollars and fifty cents.How would you like to pay? M：Credit card.And I’ll need a receipt，please. W：Okay.(14，17)Would you like to sign the hotel guest book while you wait? M：(17)Sure，I had a really good stay here. W：Thank you again for staying with us. Text 10 W：Hi！(18)I’m working on a book about my travels.I’ve had the pleasure to see a lot more of the world than anyone my age could reasonably hope to.A few years ago on a vacation trip，I made a video of myself dancing wildly in foreign places.I put it on the Internet.(19)Some friends started passing it around and soon millions of people watched it.I was offered money to continue my travels.And since then，I’ve made two more videos that include seventy countries on all seven continents. A lot of people wanted to dance along with me，so I started inviting them to join in everywhere I went.(20)Here’s what I can report back.People want to feel connected to each other.They want to be heard and seen，and they’re curious to hear and see others from places far away.I share that idea.It’s exactly what drives me to travel.When I dance with people，I see them smile and laugh.It makes me truly excited. 1.C　2.B　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.B　7.C　8.B　9.A　10.C　11.B 12.A　13.C　14.C　15.B　16.B　17.C　18.A　19.C　20.A 语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通——太平洋科学中心旅游的相关事项 【语篇解读】　文章主要介绍了去太平洋科学中心(Pacific Science Center)旅游的相关事项，并呼吁大家给予太平洋科学中心更多的支持和帮助。 21.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “...to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知，如果想买纪念品应该去3号楼。] 22.D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms...”可知太平洋科学中心把知识带到了教室。] 23.A　[写作意图题。根据最后一段的小标题Support Pacific Science Center以及最后两句可知，太平洋科学中心的成长和发展离不开个人、企业和其他社会团体的慷慨解囊，鼓励大家以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，这其中当然包括捐助。] 语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——Deka的人生经历 【语篇解读】　文章讲述了Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。 24.D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句“she would say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven，young scientist that she is today.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。] 25.A　[细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka 8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。] 26.B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。] 27.D　[写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。] 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——软件程序Project Debater在辩论中战胜人类 【语篇解读】　文章通过介绍一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序Project Debater以及它无法理解意义的缺陷，说明了社会互动才是理解意义的关键所在。 28.B　[写作意图题。通读第一段内容可知，文章第一段提到以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia是为了说明Project Debater在辩论方面比人类出色，故B项“为了展示Project Debater的聪明”为正确选项。] 29.C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词的前一句“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.”可知，wrinkles指代errors，故C项正确。] 30.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段段尾的“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”以及第三段段首的“What Hammond is referring to...the most intelligent of machines.”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater做不到的是理解意义，故B项“理解意义”正确。] 31.A　[推理判断题。最后一段聚焦“意义的产生”，指出意义是通过社会互动生成的，而非计算。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的大脑中，而且也存在于外部，存在于社会中，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。这也将人类和机器区分开来。无论Project Debater看起来多么令人震惊，从苏格拉底和孔子开始的传统不会因为人工智能而结束。故A项“社会互动是理解符号的关键。”可通过最后一段得知。] 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——太阳能农场 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了随着太阳能的普及，越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区，这不可避免地给环境尤其是农业环境带来消极影响。而有一种对环境更友好的新型太阳能农场，更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 32.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，太阳能开发者们往往想要尽快、尽可能廉价地安装太阳能电池板，所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石，而且用除草剂除草，这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项“安装太阳能电池板的消极影响”符合题意。] 33.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的第三句“InSPIRE is investigating...to the land.”可知，InSPIRE项目正在寻求一种对环境影响小的发展太阳能的方式，力求做到“对土地更友好”。所以C项“使太阳能项目环保”符合题意。] 34.A　[写作意图题。本题问“第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么？”。根据第四段第二句可知，有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律，所以A项“保护传粉昆虫”符合题意。] 35.D　[标题归纳题。文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题：太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案：建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文，关键词应该是solar farms，所以D项是最佳选项。] 语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通——电子明信片 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师保罗·马加雷斯喜欢世界各地的明信片，他克服困难，借助网络发展自己的爱好，创立了postcrossing.com网站并取得成功。 36.G　[空格处为本段结尾句，前面出现了描述保罗喜欢世界各地明信片的内容“Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall.”，由此可知，他喜欢各种明信片。设空处为总结性语言，G选项中的信息“In short”符合逻辑顺序，“he loves postcards”顺承上文题意。] 37.A　[空格前提到保罗邮寄明信片的“遭遇”，空格后提到“Seeking other like-minded souls...online.”，所以空格处承上启下，表示遇到的问题“完全不成问题”，说明保罗没有放弃自己的爱好，而是采取了网络方式。] 38.E　[根据空格前的“a social network that has grown to 575，217...10 years ago”可知，保罗创办的这家社交网站注册人数一直在增长，选项E顺承上文，用数据说明网站的火爆。] 39.F　[根据空格前的“As cool as it may be...one doesn’t understand it.”以及空后的“So”可知，此处指两种情况的比较，选项F符合题意，其中关键信息“Similarly”说明对比关系。] 40.B　[根据空格前的“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”可知，中国很多人接触英语的机会有限，所以学习和练习这种语言会有难度。选项B符合题意，其中的关键信息“hard”“practice”说明此意。] 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——给父亲配备了一部手机从而增进了两人之间的关系 【语篇解读】　作者为了方便80多岁的父亲与自己联系，丰富他的老年生活，给他配备了一部手机，并教他如何接听电话，父亲慢慢解锁了更多技能，还痴迷于字谜游戏，从而增进了两人之间的关系。 41.C　[根据上文“Dad，just touch the green button! The one with a little picture of a telephone on it！”可知，作者在指导(coached)父亲如何用手机接听电话。] 42.A　[根据上文“My father is already in his eighties and lives alone.”以及第四段“Then this past summer I introduced him to Wordle—a popular word puzzle.”可知，作者给父亲买手机，以方便交流，使父亲多接触外面的世界，丰富(enrich)生活。] 43.B　[根据下文“After my repeated attempts of persuasion，he unwillingly this strange device.”可知，父亲原本对这个手机很(strongly)排斥，再三劝说下还是很不情愿地接受。] 44.D　[根据上文“To communicate better...but my father resisted using it.”可知，强烈反对使用手机的父亲在作者的再三劝说下，才勉强接受(accepted)了手机。] 45.B　[根据上文“It took my father about a year to learn to answer and make calls.”可知，在解锁使用手机技能的过程中，作者的父亲进步(progressed)了，可以从接电话、打电话到使用视频聊天。] 46.A　[根据下文“For a long time，I could still Dad’s ear emerging on the screen，which made me laugh.”可知，在视频通话时，父亲把耳朵贴在屏幕上聊天的滑稽有趣的(humorous)样子令作者发笑。] 47.C　[根据后半句“he held up the screen to his ear”可知，父亲听(hear)不清，所以要把耳朵凑过去。] 48.B　[根据下文“As he couldn’t me well，he held up the screen to his ear.”可知，作者在和父亲视频通话时，看不到父亲的脸，只能看见他的耳朵。] 49.A　[根据上文“As he couldn’t me well，he held up the screen to his ear.This meant all I saw was his large .”可知，作者和父亲视频通话时，看到的总是父亲的耳朵，所以想到这个画面，作者会笑。picture此处用作动词，意为“想象；忆起”。] 50.C　[根据下文“Now he looks forward to the puzzle...telling me the of the day.”以及最后一段“The to smartphones has been blamed for damaging interpersonal relationships.”可知，作者的父亲每天等着新游戏的公布，连夜解答字谜；由此可知，他已痴迷于(crazy)字谜游戏。] 51.D　[根据下文“Every morning he sends me a text，telling me the of the day.”可知，作者的父亲能在早上发短信告知作者单词，说明他熬夜解答(figuring out)字谜。search for “寻找”；test out “检验”。] 52.A　[根据上文“Now he looks forward to the puzzle as soon as the new game comes out after midnight.”可知，作者的父亲痴迷于字谜游戏，每天想着游戏里的单词(word)，还把每次的答案分享给作者。] 53.B　[根据句中“at 89，my father has mastered the mobile phone to the level...and even do his banking online”可知，作者的父亲尽管89岁高龄了，但是对手机使用娴熟，能收发邮件和短信，办理网上银行业务，令人印象深刻(impressive)。故选B项。] 54.C　[根据生活常识可知，对智能手机上瘾(addiction)已成为破坏人际关系的肇因。] 55.D　[由本句中的However可知，本句与上句之间为转折关系，可理解为作者的父亲通过使用手机增进(enhanced)了两人的关系。] 语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——《数字世界》丛书的内容及出版的背景、目的 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了《数字世界》丛书的内容及出版的背景、目的等信息。 56.to begin　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“it is＋形容词＋for sb＋to do sth”，所以空处应该填to begin。] 57.educational　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰空后的名词短语computer programs，需要用形容词，所以空处应该填educational。] 58.requirement　[考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的for可知，空处需要填一个名词，所以填requirement。] 59.professions　[考查名词的数。profession表示“行业，职业”，是一个可数名词，根据空前的most可知，空处需要用名词复数，所以应该填professions。] 60.that/which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语a set of volumes，关系词在从句中充当主语，所以关系词用that/which。] 61.a　[考查冠词。a wide range of为固定表达，意为“广泛的，大范围的”，wide的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。] 62.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词explores，explains和discusses是并列的，所以空处应该填并列连词and。] 63.is　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处时态应该为一般现在时；短语the number of...作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数形式，所以空处填is。] 64.are encouraged　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知，本句需要用一般现在时；再根据句意“读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界”可知，用被动语态；主语Readers为复数，所以填are encouraged。] 65.our　[考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词短语Further Resources section，需要用形容词性物主代词，所以填our。] 第一节 【写作指导】　 【参考范文】　 Dear Chris， I have good news to tell you.There will be a month before the end of July，when the World Adolescent Robotics Competition is scheduled to be held in my city，Tianjin.With my great enthusiasm about robotics and my progress，I’m made head of a team devoted to the competition. When we’re making preparations for the event，it occurred to me that you once took a prize in a similar competition.Therefore，it can’t be better if you can join my team and show your talent.Meanwhile，attached to this email is a training plan I have worked out for my team，which I hope you’ll read and make some suggestions.After all，you have lots of practical tricks which will be of great use to us. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Jin 第二节 【原文大意】　 文章讲述了Arlyn的母亲一年前去世，91岁的父亲Jim患有阿尔茨海默病，他不愿去养老院，独自一人居住在他和母亲建造的房子里。Arlyn已经60多岁了，且她的房子离小屋有40分钟的车程。为了照顾父亲，她为父亲注册了一个新的老年护理服务。一只动画狗可以陪伴并照料Jim。 【写作指导】　 由第一段首句内容“Jim 深情地盯着那张照片，泪水夺眶而出。”可知，第一段可描写Jim盯着照片想念已故的妻子，之后动画狗Pony安慰Jim。 由第二段首句内容“看到Pony和爸爸之间的亲密关系，Arlyn松了一口气。”可知，第二段可描写动画狗Pony对父亲的帮助，以及Arlyn对Pony表示感谢。 【参考范文】　 Jim stared at the photo fondly，with tears welling up in his eyes. Memories flashed through Jim’s mind.It had been a year since his wife’s death and hardly had he mentioned her anymore.That day，though，he gazed at the photo affectionately and declared emotionally，“I still love her.” Sensing Jim’s sadness，Pony sent hearts to Jim on the screen and comforted him.Uplifted by Pony’s loving remarks，Jim petted Pony’s screen with his finger sending hearts floating up from the dog’s head again.Pony responded with its tail wagging cheerfully.Arlyn sat in silence，with an illusion of slipping back to the old happy days. Seeing the close bond between Pony and her dad，Arlyn felt a relief. She was amazed at Pony’s heart-warming service and her dad’s fondness for Pony.Pony was more than just a virtual companion；rather，he had become a member of the family，a loyal friend who had helped them through the tough times.With time going by ，Arlyn noticed the improvement in her father’s cognitive ability and mood，and he got more engaged in conversations.Arlyn was grateful to Pony.Knowing that Pony was not a substitute for human interaction，she resolved to cherish every moment with her dad，for the presence of loved ones was crucial. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null