主题十宇宙航天课件 2024年中考英语专题突破（广东专版）

主题十　宇宙航天 一、语法选择(2021·广州市番禺区中考一模) 　How many things can you see in the night sky？ A lot！　1　 a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And 　2　 sparkling stars can be seen，too.  　You can see even more 　3　 a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see 　4　 many stars look much larger than others. You might also see some stars which look white are really red and blue.  But scientists believe there are some 　5　 things in the sky that we never see. We can’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world，even when it is the clearest night of the year. That’s because they are the dead stars which are called black holes. You might find 　6　 hard to imagine stars die. After all，our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it burning 　7　 in the sky，giving us heat and light. The Sun doesn’t seem to be getting old or weak.　8　，stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star’s gases are 　9　，they give off light and heat. But when the gases run out，the star stops shining and begins to die.  So the next time you stare up at the amazing night sky，remember：there is more in the sky than that meets the eye.　10　 wonderful place it is！  (　　)1.A.In B.On C.At (　　)2.A.two hundreds B.hundred of C.hundreds of (　　)3.A.in B.for C.with (　　)4.A.that B.which C.what (　　)5.A.other B.another C.the other (　　)6.A.one B.it C.that (　　)7.A.brightness B.brightly C.bright (　　)8.A.But B.So C.However (　　)9.A.burning B.burned C.burns (　　)10.A.How B.What C.What a B C C A A B B C A C 二、完形填空(2023·合肥市第四十五中学三模) 　We have sent people to the moon in spaceships. What do you think space cities will be like in the 　1　？   　The buildings in space don’t look very different from modern small towns on Earth. People have tried to make 　2　 like the ones they know，so space travelers will do the same.  Gravity (重力) makes 　3　 life possible. Without gravity，you will float (漂浮) in the air. Nobody 　4　 to live for a long time in a space city where everything floats around. The space city is like a huge wheel，a tube (管子) more than 150 metres in diameter (直径)，and formed into a ring. The wheel 　5　 slowly every minute，so the people in space feel the pull of gravity just like we do on Earth.  The space city would always have sunlight. A(n) 　6　 mirror about two kilometres in diameter would float above the city. It would reflect (反射) 　7　 to small mirrors that would lead it into the city. Shutters (百叶窗) would be used to 　8　 when sunlight comes in. It would be closed to create night-time.  　The 　9　 of the city could be fixed at about 10,000 people. Farmers would be able to 　10　 plan how much food would be needed for this number of people. About 44 square metres of vegetable plants would be needed for each person，and just over five square metres of grassland.  (　　)1.A.morning B.past C.future D.afternoon (　　)2.A.stations B.roads C.machines D.buildings (　　)3.A.hard　　　 B.funny C.terrible D.normal (　　)4.A.wants　　 B.needs C.allows D.learns (　　)5.A.turns around　B.turns down C.turns on D.turns off (　　)6.A.new B.big C.old D.small (　　)7.A.sunlight　 B.mirrors C.rings D.air (　　)8.A.improve　 B.study C.control D.watch (　　)9.A.address　　 B.population C.environment D.power (　　)10.A.quietly　 B.secretly C.clearly D.deeply C D D A A B A C B C 三、阅读理解 A Shenzhou-14 Astronauts Enter Space Station 　China successfully sent the Shenzhou-14 manned mission to its Tiangong space station on June 5，2022.“The three space flyers—Chen Dong，Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe—are expected to spend six months aboard the space station’s Tianhe core module(核心舱)，”China’s Manned Space Agency said. 　　　　　　　　　　  If you’ve ever worried about losing the other sock， a technology called AirTag may be the answer. This idea comes from Matty Benedetto，a famous creator on the Internet. AirTag is designed to find your expensive object. But Matty has taken this to a whole new level. It’s Not A Bad Hair Day 　A male lion with straight bangs(齐刘海)recently became an Internet hit. The 13-year-old big cat lives in Guangzhou Zoo. The zookeepers told us，“The hairstyle is all natural. We dare not cut it.” (　　)1.Where can you read all these pieces of news？ A.In Times Weekly. B.On the phone. C.In Guangzhou Zoo D.At Space Agency. (　　)2.Which of the following can be the best heading for the second piece of news？ A.AirTag B.A Famous Creator C.Nice Smart Socks D.Find Your Lost Sock A D (　　)3.What is the name of the space station？ A.Shenzhou. B.Tianhe. C.Tiangong. D.Wentian. (　　)4.The hairstyle of the big cat is 　　　　.  A.an Internet new hit B.popular among male lions C.keeping warm in winter D.not made by the zookeepers. C D (　　)5.From the news，we can know that 　　　　.  A.AirTag is first used to find socks B.AirTag is a useful app on phones C.Matty is always looking for his socks D.Matty is the great father of AirTag B B(2023·厦门市莲花中学期中) 　China’s Mars rover (火星车) Zhurong，named after the Chinese god of fire，landed safely on Mars on May 15，2021，making China only the second behind the United States to fully succeed. 　The 240-kilogram，six-wheeled rover is equipped with six scientific instruments，giving it the appearance of a “blue butterfly”. Unlike Perseverance，the American Mars rover，Zhurong needs sunlight to power itself. Now that Zhurong has got down successfully, it is expected to take the next 90 days to map the area on Mars，monitor (监测) changes in weather，such as temperature，and search for signs of water ice. Zhurong will therefore help build a more complete geo-logical picture of the red planet’s history. China has successfully landed on the moon three times，and has even brought back lunar rocks to Earth. But landing on Mars is even more difficult. Mars exploration is known for its high risks and difficulties，as well as the uncertainties in the long-distance interstellar (星际) fight. The landing is the most challenging part of it. Around half of Mars exploration missions (探索任务) failed，and most of them went wrong in the landing process. A Mars landing is often considered as “the seven minutes of terror” because the process is completely autonomous. “The distance was too far away for the spacecraft so it has to do it all on its own，” said Chen Lan，a scientist in China’s space program. “If something went wrong，people on Earth have no way to help.” “Mars is the planet in our solar system that we are most likely to live in the future. That’s why we want to understand it，” Chen said. “The success of Zhurong’s landing will lay the foundation for future Mars missions，including a sample return mission in 2030.” (　　)6.According to the passage，what does Zhurong Rover look like？ D (　　)7.There are many jobs that Zhurong is supposed to do EXCEPT　　　　.  A.map the Mars B.study the weather C.change the temperature D.look for water ice (　　)8.What does the underlined word “autonomous” in the passage probably mean？ A.Self-directed. B.Trusted. C.Man-controlled. D.Prepare. C A (　　)9.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A.The history of Mars exploration. B.The process of Mars exploration. C.The distance of Mars exploration. D.The challenge of Mars exploration. D (　　)10.What can we learn from the passage？ A.The American rover is powered like Zhurong. B.The mission of Zhurong will last about 3 months. C.Few Mars exploration missions succeed. D.We are possible to move to Mars in 2030. B C 配对阅读。左栏是对五位想参加学校活动的学生的描述，右栏是七个学校活动的简介，请为每位学生选择一个合适的活动。 A.Monday，19：30-21：30 　Music and Songs by Miss Jones. Enjoying good music and songs as well as knowing more about singing skills. B.Tuesday，8：30-10：30 　Rock & Roll and Modern Dance by Tina. Showing you more dancing skills to help improve yourself. If you want to be a good dancer，please join us. C.Wednesday，19：00-21：00 　Talk on UFO and Aliens by Elizabeth. Picture Show helps you learn more about space. You can also learn more about the space by a trip to the science and technology museum organized by us. D.Thursday，14：00-17：00 　Discussion on Movies by Film Club. Wolf Warrior 2 will be discussed by the club members this week. E.Friday，8：00-10：45 　Show Time by School Teaching Affair’s Office(教务处).Invention works can be shown for advice. You can make your own inventions here. The best ones will get prizes. F.Saturday，14：00-17：30 　Basketball Training Classes by P.E.teachers. Basketball playing skills are taught for free. At the end of the training，we will hold a basketball match. The winning team will get a new basketball. G.Sunday，18：00-20：30 　How to Protect Your Teeth by the Medical Club members. We will teach some tips about how to keep healthy and beautiful teeth. You can bring your brush here and we will teach you the right way of brushing teeth. (　　)11.Mark is very interested in UFO and aliens(外星人).He wants to learn more about them. He would like to take part in a talk. (　　)12.Joanna often has a toothache. She wants to know some medical knowledge to keep her teeth healthy. (　　)13.Benjamin is strong and tall. He is interested in playing basketball，but he is not good at playing it. So he wants to take basketball classes to learn some skills. C G F (　　)14.Jessica is crazy about inventions. She wants to catch every chance to show her works in order to get good ideas from others. (　　)15.Sam is very interested in modern dance. But he knows a little about dancing skills. He wants to improve himself very much. E B 四、短文填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并在相应的横线上填入其正确形式，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 weather　what　ship　they　send　when　same　too　out　it　a　four Have you ever known about satellites (卫星)？ So far，humans have already invented 1.　　　　　　 kinds of satellites.  　The first kind of satellite studies the geography of the earth. They are used to make maps. They help countries to see where they may find oil or gold，2.　　　　　　.  　The second kind of satellite is used to guide 3.　　　　　　 and planes. If a ship or a plane loses its way during the journey，it just needs to 4.　　　　　　 a message to the satellite. And then the satellite can find 5.　　　　　　 where it is.  four too ships send out weather　what　ship　they　send　when　same　too　out　it　a　four The third kind of satellite studies the 6.　　　　　　.The satellites watch clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They usually warn countries to make preparations 7.____________　　　　　　 very bad weather is coming.  　The last kind of satellite is used for communication. Telephone calls between countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at the 8.　　　　　　 time. The call is sent to the satellite，then the satellite sends it to 9.　　　　　　 station in the country. These satellites also carry pictures.10._____________　　　　　　 can receive and send about eight pictures at a time.  weather when same　 a They weather　what　ship　they　send　when　same　too　out　it　a　four 五、读写综合 A.回答问题 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。 　Are you interested in space？Have you learned anything about space or space science？Do you dream of being an astronaut？Why not come here and share your ideas with us？ 　My name is Bob. I have learned some information about NASA. It’s said that NASA has found a way to get you to travel to space. It has made it quite easy. Just visit www.faceinspace.nasa.gov and upload(上传)a photo of your face and write your name. Your face will then fly with astronauts on a spaceship. Your dream can come true without any money. Don’t you think it’s exciting？ 　My name is Jackie and I am the son of an astronaut. My father has been to space by spaceship. He said that he went around the earth several times a day in the spaceship. When he saw a ball of light with beautiful colors of blue，brown and white，which is our home—the Earth，he was very excited. He told me he ran faster and jumped higher，just like flying in the air. Space is so beautiful，and I hope I can go into space someday. 　I’m Alice from No.5 Middle School. My dream is to be an astronaut and travel into space when I grow up. When I was 10，I became interested in space travels. From then on，I often watched the space news on TV and read books on space travels. At the age of 12，I began to make model spaceships and now I have already made three. Last month，I took part in a model spaceship competition and won the first prize. I am sure my dream will come true one day if I work hard. 1.Who has learned something about NASA？ 2.How did Jackie’s father feel when he saw the Earth in the spaceship？ Bob has learned something about it / NASA. / Bob. He / His / Jackie’s father felt very excited (when he saw the earth in the spaceship). 3.What’s Alice’s dream？ 4.What did Alice begin to make when she was twelve？ Her / Alice’s dream is to be an astronaut and travel into space. She / Alice began to make model spaceships (when she was twelve). 5.How many students share their ideas in the passage？ 3. / Three students share their ideas in the passage. B.书面表达 请根据要求完成短文写作。 假如你是李华，你对航天很感兴趣，你打算参加某英语杂志社组织的一个主题与航天有关的夏令营，请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封电子邮件，申请加入夏令营，内容包括： 1.简单介绍身份，说明写信意图。 2.为航天梦想做的努力(如曾参加过的科技活动、成果等)。 3.表达申请加入夏令营的殷切期盼。 作文要求： 1.可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 2.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。 3.语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的标题和格式已经给出，不计入总词数。 【写作指导】 第一步：审题(人称、时态、题材等) 人称：____________________　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 时态：　　　　　　　　　　  第二步：列要点 段落 思路 提示 第一段 1.简单介绍身份； 2.说明写信意图 I am writing to ask for taking part in… 第二段 为航天梦想做的努力： 1.曾参加过的科技活动； 2.成果 To achieve my dream，First，I have… Second，… 第三段 表达申请加入夏令营的殷切期盼 I really hope to enter… 【短文写作】 A Space Summer Camp Dear teachers， 　I am glad to hear that there will be a space summer camp organized by the magazine. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to your reply. Thanks very much！ Sincerely， Li Hua 　 A Space Summer Camp  Dear teachers,  　I am glad to hear that there will be a space summer camp organized by the magazine. My name is Li Hua, a middle school student in Guangdong. I am writing to ask for taking part in the summer camp.   　I am really interested in space. Although I am not strong enough to be an astronaut, I think I can be a space scientist. To achieve my dream, I have read a lot of books on space and had lots of training. I have already joined in lots of school science competitions, such as making a model spaceship. And so far, I have won two first prizes. Here I really hope to enter the summer camp because I want to learn more about space. 　I am looking forward to your reply. Thanks very much！  Sincerely, Li Hua  $$