专题01 核心知识归纳（Units 1-11）【知识串讲】-2023-2024学年六年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（牛津上海版）

核心知识归纳(Units 1-11) 主讲人：小k君 1 ·模块一 Unit1: Great cities in Asia 重点知识梳理 ·模块二 Unit2: At the airport 重点知识梳理 ·模块三 Unit3: Dragon Boat Festival 重点知识梳理 ·模块四 Unit4: Staying be healthy 重点知识梳理 ·模块五 Unit5: What will I be like 重点知识梳理 ·模块六 Unit6: Seasonal changes 重点知识梳理 ·模块七 Unit7: Travelling in Garden City 重点知识梳理 2 ·模块八 Unit8: Windy weather 重点知识梳理 ·模块九 Unit9: Sea water and rain water 重点知识梳理 ·模块十 Unit10: Forests an land 重点知识梳理 ·模块十一 Unit11 Controlling fire 重点知识梳理 ·模块十二 综合知识100题专练 ·模块一 Unit1: Great cities in Asia 重点知识梳理 1.south-east(东南), north-east(东北) south-west (西南)， north-west (西北)这些斜方 向方位词与中文表述相反。 2.east of 在(…范围外面的) 的东面 in the east of 在(…范围内)的东面. eg. Tokyo is east of Shanghai. Shanghai is in the east of China. Beijing is north of Shanghai. It is also in the north of China. 4 3.the capital of China 中国的首都 of 的两种含义 (a)of 表示“的” the capital of China/ the map of my school/ the picture of me of 表示”在…之中”(后用复数) one/some/many/all/none of the boys. eg. Beijing is the capital of China and it is also one of the great cities in Asia. 5 4.That's right 那是对的 That's all right 没关系 You are right 你是对的 All right 好吧 eg. A: Tokyo is the capital of Japan--B: That's right./ You are right. A: I am sorry.--B: That's all right. A: Please open the door--B: All right. 6 5、关于“半个的表达法” half an hour (半小时) one hour and a half (一个半小时) an hour and a half one and a half hours (注意复数) 两天半 two days and a half two and a half days. eg. it takes about two and a half hours to fly from Shanghai to Beijing. 7 6、by air = by plane 乘飞机: by sea = by ship 乘船 eg. Tomorrow I will travel to Beijing by air,. 注意同意表达 go/travel/get to… by…==take a/an …to eg. He goes to school by car. He takes a car to school. 7、how, how far, how long 的特殊疑问句 how far --“多远”问距离 It is_____________________. How far is it? about 1,400 kilometers 8 how --“如何，怎样” (1.by +交通工具 2.作表语的形容词) I go to school ________. How do you go to school? He became ___ again. How did he become? how long “多长时间” (对时间段提问) *初中阶段用how long 的常见句型 -It takes sb time to do sth -since +时刻点或从句 -for +段时间 -不带not 的until by bus fit 9 8、 15 million 一千五百万 millions of 数以百万 eg. More than 70 million people visited Shanghai Expo and millions of them visited China Pavilion. 9、like/love/enjoy 后跟动词ing People in Tokyo enjoy eating sushi. like/love doing sth = like/love to do sth 10、there be 句型表示某地方或者某时间有… eg. There are 15 million people in Beijing. There will be much rain next month 10 注意there be 句型的各种时态 There was/were (过去时) There will be/ is going to be (将来时) There have/has been (完成时) eg. There have been a lot of people in Shanghai already and there will be more in the future. 11. These are all great cities in Asia. all “(三者以上)所有”， 放在be 动词后，行为动词前。 eg. Tokyo, Bangkok and Beijing all come from Asia and they are all my favourite cities ·模块二 Unit2: At the airport 重点知识梳理 *1.Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike ___________ in Los Angeles for six years. ① 现在完成时：sb. have/ has + V.p.p(动词的过去分词) Sb. have/ has not V.p.p. (否定句) Have/ Has sb. V.p.p.(一般疑问句) ② have been to 去过，到过……(已回) have been in 住在……(+时间段) have gone to 去，到……(未回) e.g. I have been to America before. 我以前去过美国。 She has been in London for 2 years. 她已经住在伦敦两年。 Where is Mary? She has gone to the library. Mary在哪？她已经去图书馆了。 have lived 12 ③ They have________ done a lot of things. Tom hasn't read that book ____. Have you checked your passport____ ? “already” 意为“已经”，用于现在完成时肯定句 “yet” 意为“还，已经，仍”， 用于否定句和疑问句。 ④ V.p.p. 动词的过去分词： bring—brought—brought get—got—got write—wrote—written buy—bought—bought put—put—put pack—packed—packed live—lived—lived do—did—done already yet yet 13 2.Mrs Wang and Grandma are going to Los Angels , the USA, this Sunday to see Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike. 本例中使用了现在进行时表示“将来”的含义。这样的动词常常是：go, come, leave, move etc. e.g. I am leaving now. 我要离开了。 The bus is coming. Hurry! 公交来了，快点。 14 *3.Grandma has bought Aunt Judy plenty of T-shirts and several silk scarves. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. e.g. 原句可以表述为：Grandma has bought plenty of T-shirts and several silk scarves for Aunt Judy. 4.However, they have not packed their suitcases yet. however:可用于句首，句中，句末，前后常用“，”隔开，语气比but弱。 but:用于句中 e.g. Shewasill, however, shestillwenttowork. Shewasill,butshestillwenttowork. 15 5.What time does your plane leave for Los Angeles tomorrow? leavesp. 离开某地 leaveforsp. 出发去某地 e.g. TheywillleaveShanghai. 他们将离开上海。 TheywillleaveforTokyo. 他们将出发去东京。 16 ·模块三 Unit3: Dragon Boat Festival 重点知识梳理 1. Today, people eat rice dumplings and have dragon boat races to remember him on that day every year. (1) to remember him…为不定式表目的，意为“为了……” e. g. Tom gets up early to catch the early bus.汤姆起得早是为了赶上早班公 交车。 (2)on表示具体的某一天或特殊的某一天的早上、下午、晚上等。 e. g. on Tuesday 在星期二 on April 8 在4月8日 on the night of May 25 在5月25日的晚上 on a sunny morning 在一个晴 朗的早晨 17 2. I like sweet rice dumplings without beans, but I don't like salty ones with meat. (1) one是代词，ones是其复数形式，指代rice dumplings。 (2)介词with意为“带有”；without是其反义词，意为“没有”。 (3) but为并列连词，表示转折。 e. g. I like this warm weather, but I don't like hot weather. 我喜欢这种温暖 的天气，但我不喜欢炎热的天气。 18 3. Would you like… 用于询问对方的意见，相当于Do you want…？ 肯定回答用“Yes, please”；否定回答用“No, thanks”。 e. g. -Would you like some more ice-cream? 你想再来点冰淇淋吗？ -Yes, please./No, thanks.好啊。/不要了，谢谢。 【指点迷津】want, would like的区别 want vt.“想；想要”，相当于would like。当主语是第一人称时，用would like 要多于want，因would like语气较委婉。want和would like用法一样，其后可接名词 作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语，也可接sb。再加不定式作复合宾语。 e. g. I want/would like a kilo of tea.我要一千克茶叶。 He wants/would like to go and see Mr Green.他想去看格林先生。 19 4. I'd rather have a piece of pizza. I'd rather“情愿，宁愿”，是would rather的缩写形式，多用于口语的表达，后 接动词原形。 e. g.-Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon?你今天下午愿意 和我一起去购物吗？ -Well, I'd rather stay at home.哦，我宁可待在家里。 【友情提示】would rather还常常和than连用。 e. g. She'd rather play tennis than swim. 她宁愿打网球也不愿游泳。 American young people would rather get advice from strangers than from families. 美国的年轻人宁可咨询陌生人，也不愿咨询家人。 20 ·模块四 Unit4: Staying be healthy 重点知识梳理 1. Work and play, we love both. both pron. 意为“两者(都)……”，在本句中指的是学习和工作这两件事。 e. g. Both of the twins like doing puzzles.这对双胞胎都喜欢猜谜。 2. How often do you exercise? exercise n.&v.锻炼，运动 e. g. Take more exercise to stay healthy.多做运动，以保持健康。(作名词) You're getting fat, so you should exercise more.你长胖了，所以要多运动。(作动词) 【友情提示】exercise作“运动”解释时是不可数名词，作“体操”和“练习”解释时 是可数名词。 21 3. -What should I do? -You should watch less television. (1) should表示劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”。 e. g. You should wash your hands first. =You ought to wash your hands first.你应该先洗手。 We should learn how to use computers.我们应该学怎样使用电脑。 (2) less为little的比较级，通常与不可数名词连用。 e. g. We have less snow this year than usual.今年的雪比往年少。 Less noise please.请不要大声吵闹。 【注意】less的反义词为more。 22 4. It's because you don't have enough exercise, I'm afraid. (1) because为连词，引导原因状语从句。 eg. We didn't go to the park because it rained hard.因为雨下得很大，我们没去公园。 (2) enough在这为形容词，意为“足够的”，修饰不可数名词exercise。 (1) enough为副词时，修饰形容词、动词或其他副词，意为“足够地；十分”，只可 以放在所修饰词之后。 e. g. The book is easy enough for you to read.这本书对你来说很容易看懂。 (2) enough还可作名词，意为“够；足够；充足”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数 名词，作主语时可根据具体情况来 定谓语动词的数。 eg. Enough is as good as a feast.(谚)知足常乐。 【知识拓展】 23 5. He enjoys running. enjoy意为“享受……的乐趣；喜欢”。其同义词为like，其后常接名词、代词、 动词-ing形式。 e. g. Do you enjoy living in the country? 你喜欢居住在乡下吗？ I enjoy playing tennis.我喜欢打网球。 Did you enjoy the movie? 你喜欢那部电影吗？ 24 ·模块五 Unit5: What will I be like 重点知识梳理 1. This is me in 15 years' time. in…years' time在……年之后 这里“in”指的是“在……之后”，而不是指“在……之内”，后跟一段时间。 e. g. In twenty years' time, there will possibly be more and more traffic jams.20年后，也许交通堵塞会越来越严重。 25 2. I'll be taller and heavier. (1) will be结构，表示某人或物将会是如何的，将成为什么。 e. g. Jack will be a doctor in the future.未来杰克将成为一名医生。 It will be cold tomorrow.明天天气会很冷。 (2)be taller and heavier意为“更高更重”。 这里隐含着比较级，指和现在的状态作比较。 e. g. Sally will be taller and more beautiful.萨莉会长得更高、变得更漂亮。 26 3. I agree.我同意。(表示对他人意见的赞同) I don't agree. 我不同意。(表示对他人意见的不赞同) e. g. -Tom will possibly be a reporter.汤姆也许会成为一名记者。 -Yes, I agree. He is good at writing. 是的，我同意。他擅长写作。 -No, I don't agree. 不，我不这样认为。 27 4. He will not wear glasses.他将不戴眼镜。 wear除了表示“穿”，还可表示“戴”。 句中的glasses意为“眼镜”，a pair of glasses意为“一副眼镜”。 【指点迷津】wear, put on, dress的区别 (1) wear做动词，意为“穿；戴”，表示穿或戴的状态。 e. g. The girl likes wearing a pair of brown shoes.这个女孩喜欢穿棕色的鞋子。 (2) put on意为“穿上”，表穿的动作，即原来没有穿着后来穿上了。 e. g. It's raining outside. Put on your raincoat.外面在下雨，穿上你的雨衣。 28 (3) dress做动词，意为“(给……)穿衣”。表示给某人穿衣的动作，通常构成结构： dress sb“给某人穿衣”，dress oneself“ 自己穿衣”，get dressed“穿着……”，be dressed in“穿着……”或 dress up“打扮”。 e. g. Can you dress the baby for me? 你能替我给婴儿穿衣服吗？ 29 ·模块六 Unit6: Seasonal changes 重点知识梳理 1. Miss Guo is writing a notice to all new students about their uniforms in summer. (1) 此句为现在进行时态。现在进行时一般是由be+doing构成，表示现在或现阶段 正在进行的动作或状态。 e. g. Listen, the girl next door is singing! 听，隔壁的女孩正在唱歌！ (2) uniform n.制服 e. g. -How many school uniforms do you have? 你有几套校服？ -Two, one for spring and one for autumn.两套，一套春季服，一套秋季服。 30 2. All students must wear summer uniforms in September, early October, late April, May and June. in early October 在十月初 in late April 在四月下旬 在这两个词组中，early，late都是形容词，early意为“早；初；初期的”，late意 为“晚；末期的；近末尾的”。 early和late还可以作副词 e. g. My mum gets up early every day. 我妈妈每天早起。 Don't go to bed too late. You need more sleep.不要太晚睡觉，你需要更多的 睡眠。 31 3. Boys must wear white shirts with the short sleeves, blue shorts, black belt, white socks and black shoes. (1) must do something表示根据一些规则制度“必须”做某事。 e. g. They must wear uniforms in the office. 他们在办公室里必须穿制服。 We must obey the traffic rules.我们必须遵守交通规则。 must还表示出于某人自己的主观意愿，觉得“必须”做某事。 e. g. It's too late. I must go now.太晚了。我必须走了。 We must study hard. 我们必须努力工作。 32 (2) wear v.戴；佩带 e. g. She usually wears a pair of sunglasses in summer.夏天她通常戴副太阳镜。 【指点迷津】wear，put on ①wear表示穿着、戴着(衣帽等)的状态；②put on表示穿、戴(衣帽等)的动作。 e. g. Peter put on his coat and went ou. 彼得穿上外套出去了。 Mary wears her new jacket these days.玛丽这几天穿着她那件新夹克。 (3) with是介词，表示“具体，带有”的意思。 33 4. Many flowers grow in the garden. 此句为一般现在时态，表示普遍真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一 般不用时间状语。 e. g. Light goes faster than sound. 光比声音的传播速度快。 The earth runs around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 34 (1)一般现在时还可表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always，usually，often， sometimes，every day等时间状语连用。 e. g. I often wash clothes.我经常洗衣服。 She seldom goes to the cinema.她很少去看电影。 (2)一般现在时还可表示预先计划或安排的肯定要发生的动作。主要用于come，go， start，begin，leave等瞬间动词，句中常有表示将来时间的状语。 e. g. He comes home in a minute.他一会儿就要回家。 I return it next Sunday.下星期天我将归还它。 【知识拓展】 35 5. Not many students like playing in the playground because it is very hot. because意为“因为”，是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。 e. g. She was late, because she met a traffic accident. 因为遭到车祸，所以 她迟到了。 (1) because常用来回答why引导的问句。 e. g. -Why are you not come here? 你为什么没有来这儿？ -Because I have something else to do.因为我有其它的事情做。 (2) 汉语中我们经常说因为……所以……但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。 Because I don't like you, so I don't want to see you.(X) 【知识拓展】 36 6. Many students like having ice cream and soft drinks after lunch. (1) and表示“和”,“而且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的词、短语或句子。 e. g. Students sang and danced at the party. 学生在派对上又唱又跳。 (2) many为形容词，意为“许多的”，用于并且只修饰可数名词。 e. g. Many (of the)foreign guests took part in the May Day celebrations. 很多外 宾参加了“五一”庆祝活动。 37 ·模块七 Unit7: Travelling in Garden City 重点知识梳理 1. In the past, all passengers had to buy tickets from a bus conductor. (1) in the past是固定搭配，意为“在过去”，常和一般过去时用在一起。 e. g. In the past, children usually went to school on feet, but nowadays, we usually go to school by bus. 在过去，孩子们常常步行去上学，但现在，我们常常坐公共汽车去上学。 38 (2) have to意为“不得不(强调客观的需要，有人称、时态的变化)”。 e. g. Steven has to stay in bed for at least two months because he broke his leg yesterday. 史蒂文昨天摔断了腿，所以他不得不在床上至少躺两个月。 【指点迷津】must modal v.必须(强调主观上的必要，没有人称、时态的变化) e.g. We must go home now. It's too late.我们必须马上回家，太晚了。 You mustn't tell lies.你们不可以说谎。 39 2. He or she collected money from the passenger and put it in a bag. (1) collect意为“收集；搜集”，常与from用在一起。 e. g. He collected many kinds of stamps from his classmates. 他从他的同学 们那里收集了许多种邮票。 (2) put…in…意为‘‘把……放入……里面”。 e. g. He usually put his hands in his pocket in winter.冬天，他经常把他的手 放进衣兜里。 40 3. In the past, there were only single-decker buses. only adv.仅仅，只是 e. g. -Are you serious? 你是认真的吗？ -Oh, no. I'm only joking.哦，不是。我只是开玩笑。 My little dog is only one year old, but he can jump over that fence.我的小 狗只有一岁，但它可以跳过那道栅栏。 4. Nowadays, some of the bus drivers are women, but most of them are still men. some在这里作代词，意为“一些”。 e. g. -Is there any juice left in the bottle? 瓶子里还剩有果汁吗？ -Yes, there's some.是的，还剩下一些。 41 5. What will travelling in Garden City be like in 10 years' time? (1) What …be like? 是固定句式，意为“……怎么样？”。 e. g. What will you be like when you grow up? 当你长大时，你将会是什么 样子？ (2) in 10 years' time意为“十年后”，in为介词，意为“……之后”，常和表示一般将 来时的时间短语用在一起。 e. g. In five days, she will go abroad for further education.五天后，她将去 国外深造。 10 years'是名词所有格修饰time. 42 (1)有生命的东西的名词所有格，是在名词词尾加上's。 e. g. Mary's daughter(玛丽的女儿) the Children's Palace(少年宫) (2)无生命的东西的所有格，一般用of词组。 e. g. the window of the room (房间的窗户)。 (3)表示时间、度量、价值、天体、国家、城市等无生命的名词也可以加's。 e. g. an hour's time 一个小时的时间 today's newspaper今天的报纸 China's population中国的人口 名词所有格的用法 43 6. Perhaps there will be fewer traffic jams. (1) There be…句型表示事物的存在，解释为“在什么地方有什么”。 e. g. There is a table in the room.房间里有一张桌子。 There are many parks in the city. 城市里有许多的公园。 There be…句型的将来时表达方式是“There will be…” e. g. There will be a new bridge over the river.这条河上将会有一座新桥。 There will be five persons in the car.小汽车里将会有五个人。 (2) fewer是few的比较级，表示否定，意为“更少的”，修饰可数名词的复数形式。 e. g. There will be fewer trees left there, if they still cut them so crazily. 如果他们仍旧如此疯狂地砍伐树木，那里的树木将会所剩无几。 44 ·模块八 Unit8: Windy weather 重点知识梳理 1. What can you see when there is a gentle wind? (1)此句为疑问词what引导的特殊疑问句。 (2) when conj.在……时候；当……时候 e. g. Tom was playing computer games when his mother came back.汤姆的 妈妈回家时，他正在玩电脑游戏。 adv. 什么时候 e. g. When do you usually go to school? 你通常什么时候上学？ (3) can为情态动词，表示能力。 e. g. Can you help me do my homework? 你能帮助我做作业吗？ 45 2. I can see people flying kites in the park. see somebody doing something意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 【指点迷津】see sb. doing sth.，see sb. do sth.的区别 (1) see与hear，watch，feel等都属于感官动词，既可接带不定式的复合宾语，即see sb. do sth.(to要省略)又可接带有现在分词的复合宾语，即see sb. doing sth.。 (2) see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行中，着重当 时的情况。 e. g. I saw some birds flying in the sky.我看见一些鸟儿正在空中飞翔。 (3)see sb. do sth.意为“看见过某人做过某事”，表示动作已发生过，指看到动作发 生的全过程。 e. g. I saw him go out.我看见他出去了。 46 3. Kitty and Ben were in the park. 此句为一般过去时态。 所谓一般过去时是指发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间 状语连用，如yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago等，也表示过去经常或 反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频度的副词连用。 一般过去时谓语动词的用法 47 (1)指过去存在的状态，用be动词的过去式 am，is的过去式为was，are的过去式为were。was，were与主语在人称和数上 保持一致。变疑问句时，be动词提到主语之前，变否定句时在be动词后加not。was not的缩写形式为wasn't，were not的缩写形式为weren't。 e. g. I was at home yesterday.昨天我在家。 Was Mr. Li busy last Friday? 上周五李先生忙吗？ -Were you away the day before yesterday? 前天你离开了吗？ -Yes, I was.是的，我离开了。 Where was Jim yesterday? 昨天吉姆在哪儿？ They weren't late for school this morning.他们今天早晨上学没迟到。 48 (2) 指过去发生的动作，用实义动词的过去式 陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其他。 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句十一般疑问句？ e. g. Jim _________________ _________ __________.(变一般疑问句、否定句 及对画线部分提问) did his homework at home last night A B C 49 Did Jim do his homework at home last night? 吉姆昨天晚上在家做作业了吗？ Jim didn't do his homework at home last night.吉姆昨天晚上没在家做作业。 A: What did Jim do at home last night? 昨天晚上吉姆在家做什么？ B: Where did Jim do his homework last night? 昨天晚上吉姆在哪儿做作业？ C: When did Jim do his homework at home?吉姆什么时候在家做作业？ 4. They flew their kite happily. 副词在句子中的位置 副词修饰动词，通常放在句末。 e. g. The clouds moved quickly.云飘得很快。 副词放在句首，则修饰整个句子。 e. g. Suddenly, the telephone rang.突然电话响了。 50 ·模块九 Unit9: Sea water and rain water 重点知识梳理 1. Almost three quarters of the Earth is water. quarter n.四分之一；一刻钟 e. g. a quarter四分之一 three quarters四分之三 It's a quarter past four. Let's go home together. 四点一刻了。我们一起回家吧。 2. Many fish and sea animals live in the streams, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans on the Earth. 这里streams, river, lakes, seas, oceans用于表达溪、河、湖、海等的种类不止 一种，而是较多种溪、河、湖、海。 51 3. Whales are the largest animals on the Earth. the largest是large的最高级。 【知识拓展】形容词最高级的用法 把一个人或事物与另一个人或事物进行比较时，用比较级；而在三个和三个 以上的人或事物之间进行比较时，用最高级。 52 形容词最高级的词形变化为： (1)一般的单音节词及部分双音节词在词尾加est，如long→longest。 (2)以e结尾的词，加st，如nice→nicest。 (3)重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写最后一个字母再加est，如 big→biggest。 (4)词尾为辅音字母加y的词，先变y为i，再加est，如funny→funniest。 (5)一般多音节词变最高级要加most，如beautiful→most beautiful。 (6)有些变化是不规则的，如good→best，many／much→most。 形容词最高级在使用时一般要加the。 e. g. Tom is the tallest in his class. 汤姆是班上身材最高的。 53 4. Dolphins are one of the most intelligent animals. one of the most intelligent animals 意为“最聪明的动物之一”。 one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为‘‘最……的之一”。 e. g. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.上海是世界上最大的 城市之一。 Tom is one of the most intelligent students in our school.汤姆是我们学校最 聪明的学生之一。 54 5. Fishermen use nets to catch fish and prawns in the deep sea. to catch fish and prawns是动词不定式结构作状语。 动词不定式是由to十动词原形构成的(在某些情况下可以省略to)，在句子中可 以用作各种句子成分。 e. g. We use water to wash our clothes and dishes. 我们用水来洗衣服和盘 子。(作状语) We should remember to give him the present.我们应该记得给他这个礼物。 (作宾语) Mother asks us to get up early every day.妈妈要求我们每天很早起床。 (作宾语补足语) To read loudly is a good habit.大声朗读是一个好习惯。(作主语) He is the first to get to the moon.是第一个到达月球的人。(作后置定语) 55 6. We must keep them clean. must的用法 (1) must表示“必须；应该”，强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not (mustn't)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn't或don't have to代替。 e. g. -Must I do it at once? 我必须马上做吗？ -Yes, you must. 是的，必须。/No, you needn't(No, you don't have to)不，不必。 You must not cross the road when the light is red.红灯时，你一定不要过马路。 (2)must可表示必然的结果。 e. g. All men must die.人固有一死。 If you don't hurry, you must miss the train.如果不快点，你必然要误车。 56 (3)must表示肯定猜测。 e. g. The light is on in the room. Mr Green must be at home.房间里的灯亮 着，格林先生一定在家。 7. We must stop polluting them. stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。 e. g. When the teacher came, the students stopped talking.当老师来的时候， 学生们停止了说话。 【友情提示】要注意区分和stop to do sth的用法，stop to do sth意为“停下某 一件事去做另一件事”。 e. g. After three hours' work, he stopped to have a rest.三个小时的工作之后， 他必须停下来休息一会。 57 8. If there is no rain, we will have no water to drink. 在条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。 e. g. If you finish(不能用will finish) your homework, I'll go out for a walk with you. 如果你完成了作业，我将和你一起出去散步。 时间状语从句也有类似的用法：如果主句是将来时从句要用现在时代替将来时 e. g. When he comes(不能用will come) tomorrow, he will have dinner with his parents. 当他明天回来时，他将和他的父母共进晚餐。 58 (1) need既可以作为行为动词又可以作为情态动词。作为行为动词时可以用于各种 句子，后面跟名词或不定式。 e. g. I need a new book／to buy a new book. Do you need to buy a new book? I don't need to buy a new book. 作为情态动词时只能用于疑问句和否定句，后面跟动词原形。 e. g. Need you buy a new book? I needn't buy a new book. 9. Farmers need water to water the crops and vegetables on their farms. 句中的两个water是两种不同用法。前者是名词，意为“水”；后者是动词，意 为“浇灌”。 59 (2) need还可以对用must提问的句子进行否定回答。 e. g. -Must I return it in three days? 我一定要在三天内还吗？ -No, you needn't. 不，你不需要。 10. We can save water by fixing a dripping tap. 句中的介词短语by…意为“用…….的方式”。 后面跟名词，或动词-ing形式。 by fixing dripping taps意为“通过修理滴水的龙头”。 by doing sth的否定形式是by not doing something。 by not brushing our teeth under a running tap通过刷牙时不开着龙头的方法 60 ·模块十 Unit10: Forests an land 重点知识梳理 1. People in some countries cook food with wood. with为介词，在这里是“用，使用”的意思，表达方法、材料或工具。 e. g. Don't write with that pen.别用那支钢笔写。 【友情提示】with和in都有“用”的意思。 (1)with强调使用具体的工具。 e. g. Write with a pencil.用铅笔写。(强调工具) (2)in强调使用的材料或颜色。 e. g. Write in ink.用墨水写。(强调材料) 此外，用某种语言只用in，不用with。 e. g. Please speak in English.请用英语说。 Don't write in Chinese.不要用汉语写。 61 2. Many animals in forests die because they lose their homes and food. because用作连词，意为“因为，由于”在句中引导原因状语从句，其从句常用 于说明一个直接的原因，这时主句可改为so连接的并列句。例如上句可改为： They lose their homes and food, so many animal in forests die. 又如：My teacher was angry because I was late. =I was late, so my teacher was angry.我们老师生气了，因为我迟到了。 because也可用来回答由why引导的特殊疑问句 e. g. -Why do you like maths? 你为什么喜欢数学？ -Because it's interesting.因为它有趣。 62 3. We must stop cutting down forests. (1) must为情态动词，表示“禁止，命令或义务”。 e. g. We must obey the traffic rules.我们必须遵守交通准则。 (2) stop doing sth表示“停下”正在做的事情'。 e. g. Stop talking, please.停止讲话。 63 4. We make our nests in trees. (1) make v.制造，制作(某物)；使 e. g. Could you help me make a model ship? 你能帮我做一个船模吗？ These roses make our garden more beautiful.这些玫瑰使我们的花园更美丽。 (2)此句是一般现在时态，用于描述“习惯性的动作或行为”。 e. g. He usually goes to school by bus. 他常常乘公共汽车去学校。 64 5. We get wood from trees. from为介词，意为“来自于……，来源于…….”。 e. g. music from an opera歌剧选曲 powered by heat from the sun以太阳的热量为动力的 documents from the 16th century 16世纪的文件 6. We can use glass to make bottles. (1) to make是不定式表示目的。 (2) use…to make…意为‘‘用……，来做……”。 句中的glass意为“玻璃”，是不可数名词。 65 【指点迷津】glass的不同含义： ①glass意为“玻璃”，是不可数名词。 e. g. This cup is made of glass.这个杯子由玻璃制成的。 ②glass意为‘‘玻璃杯”，是可数名词。 e. g. He put the glass on the shelf.他把玻璃杯放在架子上。 ③glasses这一复数形式意为‘‘眼镜”。 e. g. She wears glasses.她戴眼镜。 66 【记忆链接】 ★use A to do B= use A for doing B 用A做B People used a stick, a large piece of wood and dry leaves for making a fire. ·模块十一 Unit11 Controlling fire 重点知识梳理 1.People used a stick, a large piece of wood and dry leaves to make a fire. 67 ★make a fire 生火 注意有a 2.They used fire to cook meat and to get light and heat. 【记忆链接】 ★light un.光线 cn.灯 adj.轻的(反义词：heavy) ★heat n.火；热量 v.加热 hot adj.热的 We use fire to heat food. 我们用火来加热食物。 ★cook v.做饭 n.厨师 cooker n.厨具 3.Today, people use fire in many different ways. 68 【记忆链接】 in many ways 以多种方式 in a way 在某一点上 in the way 挡路 on the way 在路上 in this way 以这种方式 by the way 顺便说一句 4.They leave burning cigarette ends or do not put out their barbecue fires. 【记忆链接】 put out 扑灭(人为) go out 外出；熄灭(火…) 69 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put on a play 上演一场戏剧 put away 收拾 5.We must be careful with fire. 【记忆链接】 careful adj.仔细的 careless adj.粗心的 be careful with 对…小心的/仔细的 70 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止手中的事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 try to do sth.= try one's best to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 【记忆链接】 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(做过) I remembered closing the door before I left home. 在我离家之前，我记得关了门。 6.Some students may not remember to meet in the playground. 71 72 $$