2024年牛津译林版中考英语完形填空+阅读理解(B+C)+短文填空

　完形填空+阅读理解(B+C)+短文填空练习-附答案 Ⅰ.完形填空 Bella arrived home late from school that day. When she walked past her mother’s room, she found her mum was 　1　 in bed, and seemed to be very weak.   Bella entered her room and heard the cries from her little sister. She knew her dad would expect her to 　2　 her sister. And she also had to prepare meals for the whole family 　3　 her mum did before. Bella thought it was not 　4　 because she also had schoolwork to do, just like everyone else in her class. Why did she have to be the grown-up?   When she got out of the room, she saw her 　5　 sitting at the kitchen table, lonely and tired. Suddenly, something happened inside Bella. She 　6　 that her father, as well as a husband, must be really 　7　.   Then she heard a deep voice from her father, “Make the 　8　, will you, Bella?”   She was going to find a(n) 　9　 to meet her friends, but she stopped and said to herself, “It is a 　10　 time for everyone in our family. I guess making meals is just what I can do to help.” Then she 　11　 went into the kitchen and began peeling(削) potatoes.   “OK, Daddy,” said Bella. “Everything will be all right and we can 　12　.” At the moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face. She felt 　13　—grown-up, somehow. It was really good to 　14　 a smile to her father’s face, even for only a moment.   “Daddy, whatever happens, we will be OK. Right?” “Yes, we will. If we 　15　 each other, we’ll always be all right.”   They both smiled at each other over the table. 1.A.still B.only C.even D.almost 2.A.look for B.look after C.look over D.look through 3.A.as B.until C.since D.unless 4.A.clear B.ready C.fair D.true 5.A.brother B.sister C.mum D.dad 6.A.explained B.expected C.realized D.promised 7.A.moved B.worried C.pleased D.surprised 8.A.bed B.table C.dinner D.present 9.A.excuse B.suggestion C.example D.question 10.A.full B.hard C.good D.right 11.A.simply B.bravely C.quietly D.suddenly 12.A.decide B.manage C.forget D.understand 13.A.terrible B.wrong C.lucky D.different 14.A.bring B.keep C.turn D.hold 15.A.refuse B.control C.support D.introduce Ⅱ.阅读理解 Passage 1　 Can anyone be an astronaut? Of course not. You don’t have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them are pilots too. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people. What’s the training like? People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practise space walking and living in zero gravity(重力). They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues; it’s hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 90 minutes on the International Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don’t fly away! What health problems do astronauts have? Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles(肌肉) become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in space—up to 8 centimeters! It’s also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don’t have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin(皮肤). Are you still interested? 　　So now you know. If you want to go to space, study hard, learn to fly and take care of your body and mind. 1.What is a must for an astronaut? A.A science degree. B.A pilot’s license. C.A healthy body and mind. D.A weak character. 2.What must you do to prepare for a space trip? A.Experience zero gravity. B.Wash with running water. C.Practise long walks. D.Sleep with your eyes open. 3.Why do astronauts have to exercise in space? A.To make their bones and muscles thinner. B.To help the heart work well and keep fit. C.To avoid backache and grow much taller. D.To stop their skins from getting sunburned. 4.What is the text mainly about? A.What we need to know to become an astronaut. B.Why young people are interested in space trips. C.What problems astronauts must solve in space. D.Why we need to train hard before a space trip. Passage 2 The natural world is colorful with humans, plants and animals showing different colors. Human skin can be many different colors and it changes with the sun, our feelings or our health for example. This is because of pigments(色素), which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors. So, when we feel excited or angry, our heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red. This is why we have the expression that someone “sees red” when they are angry. Plants also have pigments. Color is important for them to live on. The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects(昆虫), which then carry their pollen(花粉) from one flower to another. Bees can see colors we cannot, and they follow these to the inside of the flower. Without bees visiting flowers in this way, many plants would die out. Animals also use colors for their own need. They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen by predators. The snowshoe hare for example, a type of wild rabbit, changes color with seasons for this reason. During summer it is a brown color, and in winter it is white so that it can hide in the snow. However, some animals use colors as a warning to make predators stay away. Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way. Nature, however, is very clever, and predators also use colors to attract(吸引) the animals they feed on. So, we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world. Some uses of colors in nature remain unknown, but one thing is for sure, color not only makes our planet beautiful but it is also necessary for our planet to live on. 1.Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that 　　　　is/are the cause that makes human skin change color.  A.feelings B.pigments C.blood D.sunshine 2.According to Paragraph 3, plants can use 　　　　to attract insects.  A.leaves B.fruits C.pollen D.colors 3.The underlined word “predators” in Paragraph 4 refers to animals which 　　　　.  A.hide in secret places B.kill other animals for food C.change color with the sun D.protect themselves from danger 4.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To describe animals’ ways of life. B.To encourage us to study colors in nature. C.To introduce the uses of colors for life on earth. D.To explain the importance of protecting our planet. Ⅲ.根据短文内容,用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空,使短文完整。 　　When you are watching TV, you 1. 　　　　(notice) that many famous stars make the ads on TV. Many people believe them because they are famous. However, have you ever thought whether the ads are real or not?  In the past few years, lots of stars 2. 　　　　(be) on TV as spokesmen(代言人)of some products. People spent much money on these products, but finally, many of them were not like what the stars said. Many people aren’t 3. 　　　　(satisfy) with the famous actors for making the ads after accidents.  What are the public’s 4. 　　　　(idea)about the famous people making ads on TV? Do you agree that the famous people should take responsibility if the products have 5. 　　　　(some) problem? A research shows that about 36% think it wasn’t the 6. 　　　　(star) fault(过错), but they all think stars should give out the money they got from the ads to the charity. More than 34% think stars must take responsibility, or they will 7. 　　　　(punish).  So we should be more 8. 　　　　(care)when buying things advertised by stars. We must find what these things are really like instead of 9. 　　　　(listen) to what the stars say. Think it over before we make a 10. 　　　　 (decide).  【参考答案】 Ⅰ.[主旨大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。Bella一开始觉得要做家务并照顾妹妹对她是不公平的,后来意识到家里的困境后主动帮忙做家务,并和家人互相鼓励和支持。 1.A　考查副词辨析。根据空后的“in bed, and seemed to be very weak”可知,妈妈身体很虚弱,仍旧躺在床上。故选A。 2.B　考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“heard the cries from her little sister”可推知,她的爸爸想让她去照看妹妹。故选B。 3.A　考查连词辨析。根据空后的“her mum did before”可知,她还要为一家人准备饭菜,就像她妈妈以前做的那样。故选A。 4.C　考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“because she also had schoolwork to do, just like everyone else in her class”和“Why did she have to be the grown-up?”可推知,她认为这一切对她来说不公平。故选C。 5.D　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“She 　6　 that her father, as well as a husband”可知,她看到她的父亲正坐在餐桌旁。故选D。   6.C　考查动词辨析。根据空前的“Suddenly, something happened inside Bella.”可知,她突然意识到一些事情。故选C。 7.B　考查形容词辨析。根据第一段中的“seemed to be very weak”可知,妈妈身体不好,父亲一定很担心。故选B。 8.C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“I guess making meals is just what I can do to help.”可知,爸爸让她去做晚饭。故选C。 9.A　考查名词辨析。根据空后的“to meet her friends”可知,她正打算找个借口去见朋友。故选A。 10.B　考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知,对于她家的每个人来说,现在是困难的时刻。故选B。 11.C　考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“I guess making meals is just what I can do to help.”可知,Bella意识到家庭处于困难时刻,做饭是她能够帮助做的事情。所以她悄悄地走进厨房,开始削土豆。故选C。 12.B　考查动词辨析。根据空前的“Everything will be all right”可知,此处指能应付困难局面。故选B。 13.D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“At the moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face.”和下文的“grown-up”可知,她此刻的感受与之前相比是不同的。故选D。 14.A　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“At the moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face.”可知,Bella 的话给父亲的脸上带来了一丝笑容。bring…to…把……带到……来。故选A。 15.C　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,如果我们互相支持,我们就会一切都好。故选C。 Ⅱ.Passage 1　[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了成为一名宇航员应该具备的条件和能力。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.”可知,作为宇航员必须具备健康的身体和头脑。故选C。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “They practise space walking and living in zero gravity.”可知,他们要练习在零重力的条件下走路和生活。故选A。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Bones and muscles become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.”可知,骨头和肌肉在太空中会变弱,所以你必须做很多锻炼来保持健康,帮助心脏把血液输送到全身。故选B。 4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要向我们介绍了成为宇航员需要的条件和应该付出的努力。故选A。 Passage 2　[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文。自然界中有不同的颜色,这些颜色不仅使我们的星球美丽,还有许多不同的成因和用途,它们是我们星球生存的必要存在。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This is because of pigments, which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors.”可知,人的皮肤可以有很多不同的颜色,这是因为色素反射光线,使眼睛看到的东西变成了颜色。故选B。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects, which then carry their pollen from one flower to another.”可知,植物用鲜艳的颜色吸引昆虫。故选D。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen”可知,动物用不同的颜色保护自己不被发现。由此可推知,predators指的是“以某种动物为食的动物”。故选B。 4.C　主旨大意题。短文第一段介绍自然界中有各种各样的颜色;第二、三、四段分别介绍了人类、植物和动物对颜色的使用;最后一段总结了颜色在自然界中的重要性。故选C。 Ⅲ.1. will notice　2. have been　3. satisfied 4. ideas　5. any　6. stars’　7. be punished 8. careful　9. listening　10. decision 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$