山东省临沂市罗庄区2022-2024年中考二模英语试题（B卷）汇编：阅读理解

山东省临沂市罗庄区 2022-2024年中考二模英语试题（B卷）汇编 阅读理解 2024年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 二、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题1. 5分, 计30分) (一)阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。 A Material Speed of sound (meters per second) Cold air 330 Warm air 350 Fresh water 1, 410 Ocean water 1, 540 Steel 5, 060 Granite rock 6. 000 Background knowledge In air, sound travels more than 300 meters every second (about 750 miles per hour). In water, it travels five times faster, at about 1, 500 meters every second. Whales use their vocal cords to make sounds. They also have a very good sense of hearing. The sounds that they make travel for thousands of kilometers through the oceans and can be heard by other whales far away Science activity The figures in the table on the right show how many meters sound travels every second in different materials. 21. How fast does sound travel in the air? A. About 750 miles per hour. B. More than 300 meters every hour. C. About 1, 500 meters every second 22. In which material does sound travel the fastest? 23. What kind of animals can hear sounds the most quickly in the same distance? A. Goldfish in the lake. B. Birds in the sky. C. Whales in the ocean. 24. In which part of a magazine can you find this passage? A. Story part B. Science part C. Ocean part. B He was an old man who fished alone in a boat and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish, the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now exactly and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his boat empty and he always went down to help him carry fishing tools. The old man was thin with deep wrinkles(皱纹)in the back of his neck. His hands had the deep scars(疤)from dealing with heavy fish. But none of these scars were fresh. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were cheerful and full of confidence. “Santiago, “ the boy said to him as they climbed from the bank where the boat was pulled up. “I could go with you again. We've made some money. “ The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. "No. "the old man said. “You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them. “ “But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks. ' “I remember, “ the old man said. “I know you did not leave me willingly. “ “It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I must do what he told me to. “ “I know. “ the old man said. “I quite understand that. “ “He hasn't much faith(信念)。” “No. “ the old man said. “But we have. Haven't we? “ “Yes. “ the boy said. “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we'll take the fishing tools home. “ “Why not? “ the old man said. “Between fishermen. “ They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Some other older fishermen looked at him and were sad. But they didn't show it and they spoke politely about the sea, the weather and of what they had seen. ---Adapted from The old man and the sea 25. How many days did the old man go fishing with the boy according to Paragraph 1? A. Forty. B. Forty-four C. Eighty-four 26. What does the underlined word "that" refer to? A. The boy would leave him sooner or later. B. The boy had to listen to his parents and left him. C. He couldn't catch fish because he was too old. 27. What is the right order of the story about the boy in the passage? ① The old man caught some big fish with the boy. ② The old man taught the boy how to fish on the sea. ③ The boy wanted to go fishing with the old man again. ④ The boy helped the old man take the fishing tools home. A. ①④③② B. ②①③④ C. ②③④① 28. From the story we can know that the old man was _________________. A. man who often showed off B. a man who never gave up C. a man who sometimes got angry C Chinese writing has a history of six or seven thousand years. Calligraphy(书法), the art of writing, is almost as old as writing itself. In ancient times, written Chinese was first symbols and pictures. Then, they gradually became characters. Later, characters and even full sentences were written on animal characters written on animal bones or shells bones or shells for communication. With time passing by, a number of written forms appeared. Each had its own local style. In the 3rd century BC, the First Emperor, Qinshihuang, set the same standard for the written characters — “small seal” script. It was first used in his own state of Qin, then in the whole nation. That writing system was very important in uniting( 联 合 )the Chinese people and culture. At the same time, Cheng Miao developed another style called “clerical” script. It used short, straight brush strokes (笔画)to write quickly. By Han times, calligraphers had created a new style known as “regular” script. From the Tang Dynasty, it became the standard form used in government exams. Over the centuries, Chinese artists and people with knowledge saw beauty in the forms of their written language. They turned calligraphy into one of the fine arts, in which calligraphers expressed themselves. In the Tang Dynasty, calligraphy was helpful for a person to get a place in the government The tools of calligraphy were simple enough. What we needed were the Four Treasures of the study: a brush, ink ( 墨 ) , an ink stone and a writing surface. Students of calligraphy practiced the main types of script and improved their skills by copying the works of past masters. With the increase of their knowledge and practice, they slowly developed their own styles. The art of calligraphy reached a high point in the 4th century. At that time, calligrapher Wang Xizhi was often regarded as the greatest master. Calligraphy remains a living art form to this day. It has become part of the school courses to pass on the Chinese culture. 29. In ancient China, when characters appeared, they were written on __________. A. bamboo B. cloth C. bones or shells 30. Which written form can be used in government exams? A. Regular script. B. Small seal script. C. Clerical script. 31. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. The art of calligraphy has been around six or seven thousand years. B. The greatest representative figures(代表人物)of the 4th century was Wang Xizhi. C. Three tools of calligraphy are mentioned in this passage. 32.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(P=Paragraph) Zebra crossings can tell drivers that pedestrians(行六)may be trying to get across. A study reported that three out of tour drivers kept the same speed as they were coming near a crossing. Even worse, only 5%stopped even when they saw someone trying to get across. Now a mother-daughter team, Thakkar and Pandya, in Ahmedabad, India have thought out a clever way to get drivers to pay more attention—A zebra crossing with an optical illusion(视错觉). The artists painted these 3-D crosswalks on the highways in Ahmedabad. They wanted to help the city's residents(居民)to cross the busy roads safely. They had ever seen images of 3-D zebra crossings on the streets in Taizhou, China. They decided to test if their 3-D crosswalks would work in India. Sure enough, in the six months that the 3-D crosswalks have been painted across four of the city's most dangerous highways, there have been no accidents reported! It may seem that the zebra-crossing could cause the drivers to brake suddenly, but such is not the case. Because of the way the human eye works, the illusion is only seen from a distance. As they get closer, the painting looks just like any other usual zebra crossing. But since the driver is driving slower, he/she is more likely to stop. The artists hope that their smart design will become more and more common in India and perhaps even the world. 33. We can infer(推断)from the report that _______________. A. people should go across the road carefully B. a few drivers are not good at their work C. the usual zebra crossings can't help a lot 34. The artists painted the 3-D crosswalks to ______________. A. tell us that they are very talented B. slow drivers and make the roads safer C. copy the images of zebra crossings in Taizhou 35. What does the underlined word "brake" in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. stop the car B. turn around C. lose his way 36. According to the passage, what is the artists' dream? A. Everyone will follow the traffic rules. B. Drivers will pay more attention to pedestrians. C. There will be more 3-D crosswalks all over the world. (二)阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容, 从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有一项为多余选项。 E Are you an “e” person or “i” person? Do you know the differences? In this essay, we will talk about the differences between “e” people and "i" people. Those two kinds of people are very different. According to a survey, “e” people are more outgoing and active in social relations than “i” people. 37_________. On the other hand, “i” people prefer to spend time alone or in small groups than communicating with others. When it comes to making friends, "e" people prefer to have a larger circle of friends and build stronger connections with others quickly. 38_______ They feel more comfortable and relaxed with fewer people around. 39__________ For example, some behaviors that are considered polite or acceptable by “e” people may be considered impolite by “t” people. For example, “e” people may interrupt (打断)others in conversation, which can make “i” people feel uncomfortable. 40___________ “i” people may become more outgoing as they practice socializing and get confidence(自信), while “e” people may become less interested in making new friends as they age and only look for relaxation and a quiet " me time". Want to know what kind of person you are? Come to have an MBTI test now! A. Let's check some of them. B. However, people can gradually change over time. C. They enjoy meeting new people and attending parties. D. But “i” people would like to be with a smaller group of people. E. Besides, “e” people and “i” people may have different ideas about the same behavior. 2023年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 二、阅读理解（21-23小题，每小题1分；24-35小题，每小题2分。计27分） A If you have problems describing people, don’t worry! We’ll use popular film characters to help you learn some useful words. Naive Meaning: If someone is naive, they have little experience and believe good things will always happen. Example: In the film Elf, Buddy is a naive person who grows up with elves (精灵). One day, he goes to New York City but finds things very different there. Director: David Berenbaum Loyal Meaning: If you’re loyal, you always give support to a person or a group and help them and act honestly. Example: In the film Toy Story, Woody is loyal to his friends and owner, Andy. He stays with Andy, even when Andy grows up and goes to college. Director: John Lasseter Demanding Meaning: If someone is demanding, they are not easily satisfied or pleased. Example: In the film The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda is very demanding. She always works very hard, and expects others to do the same. Director: David Frankel 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. If you want to use the word “naive” to describe people, the film ________ will help you. A. Toy Story B. Elf C. The Devil Wears Prada 2. Who always gives support to friends according to the films? A. Andy. B. Woody. C. John Lasseter. 3. Which word is used to describe a person who is not easily satisfied? A. Naive. B. Loyal. C. Demanding. B Sore necks are very common these days. How to avoid a sore neck? Here are the things you should know. ●Take precautions (预防措施) after an unusual activity. Many people report having a pain in their necks after doing something that they don’t often do, such as a new exercise or packing and moving. If you know you’ve done something that puts you a risk, massage (按摩) your neck, do it with different exercises and take a warm shower before bed. ●Make sure your workstation is correct. If you work long hours at a desk you may want to make sure that your work environment is set up to be the most relaxing. Make sure that your body is being treated right. Keep your feet on the floor. This will often depend on how high your chair is, so adjust (调整) it in time to achieve good results. ●Change your posture often. Sitting in one position for long periods of time is nor healthy. Sit with your back straight for most of the time. Take a 5-minute break if you can and walk around every hour. ●Exercise. Find something—swimming, running or climbing—that makes you excited and feel alive. Make it into a usual way. Your body will feel better and your mind will feel more relaxed. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 4. What can avoid a sore neck according to the passage? A. Making your work environment be quiet. B. Sitting with back straight for a moment. C. Exercising often like swimming or running. 5. After doing something unusual, you may do the following things except _________. A. massaging your neck B. doing it with different exercises C. looking at your phone for too long 6. The underlined word “it” refers to (指的是) _________. A. the desk B. the chair C. your neck 7. What does the underlined word “posture” probably means in Chinese? A. 姿势 B. 方向 C. 方式 C Today millions of people want to learn or improve their English, but it is difficult to find the best method. Is it better to study in Britain or America or to study in your own country Italy? The advantages of going to Britain seem clear. Firstly, you will be able to listen to the language all the time you are in the country. You will be surrounded (包围) completely by the language wherever you go. Another advantage is that you have to speak the language if you are with other people. In Italy, it is always possible, in the class, to speak Italian if you want to and the learning is slower. On the other hand, there are also advantages to staying at home to study. You don’t have to make big changes to your life. As well as this, it is also a lot cheaper than going to Britain but it is never possible to achieve the results of living in the UK. If you have a good teacher in Italy, I think you can learn in a more concentrated (集中的) way than being in Britain without going to a school. So, in a word, I think that if you have enough time and enough money, the best choice is to spend some time in the UK. This is simply not possible for most people, so being here in Italy is the only viable (切实可行的) choice. The most important thing to do in this situation is to maximize (最大限度地利用) your opportunities: to speak only English in class and to try to use English whenever possible outside the class. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案 8 What is the article about? A. How many people learn English. B. The best way to learn English. C. English schools in England and America. 9. What is one of the advantages of going to the UK to learn English? A. There are no Italians in Britain. B. You will have to speak English and not your language. C. The language schools are better. 10. What is one of the advantages of staying in Italy to learn English? A. The teachers aren’t very good in Britain. B. You have to work too hard in Britain. C. Your life can continue more or less as it was before. 11. People who don’t have a lot of time and money should _________. A. learn English in Britain B. try to speak English in class more often C. go to Italy to learn English D Have you ever wished that an AI could write something for you? Simply type (打字) in a few keywords, and you will have articles written for you. ____12____ Developed by US company Open AI, ChatGPT is a powerful tool. ____13____ Users even have used it to write history papers and get advice on how to communicate with people at a party. According to a US survey of more than 1,000 students, over 89 percent of them have used ChatGPT to help with homework tasks. So people doubt if the tool makes it easier for students to cheat in homework. ____14____ Besides, it does not help build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are necessary for learning and lifelong success. Teachers are making changes to their classes to stop the use of ChatGPT. Some college teachers in the US try to include more speaking exams and handwritten papers instead of typed ones. However, not all educators say “no” to ChatGPT. ____15____ What we need to do is to adapt (调整) our learning, teaching and examinations. That way, we can “have honesty while making the best use of the tool”. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. They believe we have to know that AI is a tool people will use. B. Well, ChatGPT may make that dream come true. C. ChatGPT has been a hot topic recently. D. You can ask it to write emails, translate languages, and answer all kinds of questions. E. Some also worry that ChatGPT could be used to spread bad information. 2022年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 二、阅读理解（共 12 小题, 计 24 分） A Imagine a life quite different from the one you live. Imagine there are no ready-made houses or clothing. Imagine that you can’t just go out to buy food or medicine, because there are no stores. Instead, you must depend on what nature offers. How would you get along? What would you do? The ways that Native Americans lived can give some answers. Some Native American tribes (部落) lived where there was plenty of food. These people stayed in one place and used wood, stones, or mud to build houses that would last a long time. Other tribes, such as the Apache, moved often in search of food. They needed living places they could take with them, so they built tipis (帐篷). It was easy to move a tipi. Some Native Americans made clothing and shoes called “moccasins” from animal skins (毛皮). In the southwestern areas, the Pueblo people made clothing from cotton they grew. Along the northwestern coast, the Chinook tribe was one of several tribes that made clothing from the tree. Where there were trees, people used wood to create tools like digging sticks. A digging stick was a piece of hard wood about three feet long. People used it to make holes on the ground for planting seeds. Some tools were made of stones, too. They found rocks along riverbanks, lake shores, and ocean coasts. With them, Native Americans made farming tools. They used thin pieces of stone to cut meat. Life for most people in the United States is quite a bit different today. They don’t have to make many of the things they use. But the Native Americans did, and the earth gave them everything they needed. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。 29. Why does the writer start the passage with “Imagine …” sentences? A. To show a serious problem. B. To catch the readers’ attention. C. To show some facts to support his opinion. 30. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. Different Native American tribes. B. Living places and clothing. C. Some ancient ways to make clothes. 31. The underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refers to ____________. A. the rocks B. the digging sticks C. the thin pieces of stone 32. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? B Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. Some scientists do some research about the causes of shark attacks (袭击) and say that sharks don’t like the taste of humans! In fact, most people who were attacked didn’t die. They usually received only one bite (咬伤). Why is this? There are many explanations (解释) of why sharks sometimes attack people. One is that sharks are just curious (好奇的). We know that sharks are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. It means they are curious when they see something that it isn’t usual. Because they don’t have hands or feet, the only way they can learn about an object is to bite it. It is thought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away. Scientists also say that sharks don’t want to waste energy trying to eat a human, because we have a lot of bones (骨头). It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don’t have hands, and they can’t pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that’s why they only bite us once. Another guess is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks, such as the great white sharks, may sometimes mistake humans for a seal (海豹). People lying on the sea look like seals when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they are fat and delicious. No matter why shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year. 根据短文内容, 选择最佳答案。 33. How do sharks find out about an unusual object according to the passage? A. By biting. B. By smelling. C. By touching. 34. According to the passage, what might sharks think of humans? A. Friendly. B. Responsible. C. Not delicious. 35. Why does the writer say sharks should be afraid of humans? A. Because humans have hands and feet. B. Because many sharks are killed by humans. C. Because there are more humans than sharks in the world. 36. What would the writer write the passage mainly for? A. To tell surfers to stay away from sharks. B. To ask people to stop killing sharks. C. To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people. C The flame lighting ceremony for the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympics Games (冬残奥会) was held at the Badaling of the Great Wall in Beijing, on March 2. The first torchbearer (火炬 手) is Xia Boyu, a 73-year-old climber who lost both his feet. Xia was born in Chongqing in 1949. He made his dream come true by reaching the top of Qomolangma (Mount Everest) in May 2018 after four failed attempts. 37_______About 200 meters from the top, they had to turn back because of heavy storms. The freezing weather conditions during the climbing-down caused serious hurt in Xia’s legs. And it forced doctors to cut off both his feet at the age of 26. But Xia didn’t give up. With artificial limbs (义肢), he started his preparations for the climbing of Qomolangma again. Between 2014 and 2016, he made three separate moves to reach the top of the 8, 848-meter mountain, but all three failed. 38_________ Xia was nearly 100 meters away from the top. In 2016, when heavy snow endangered the group’s safety, forcing another turn around. On May 14, 2018, he reached the top of the highest mountain in the world, at an age when most people are taking life easy. “ 39_________ ” he said. “A man with no legs like me can reach the top of Qomolangma, so what else is impossible? ” 40 ___________ He is planning to climb peaks (顶峰) in the world and explore (探索) the South and North Poles. 根据短文内容, 从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. In 2014, the trip was canceled (取消) after the Nepal earthquake. B. His journey still continues. C. The most important thing in the world is not giving up. D. He was chosen by the Chinese mountain-climbing team in 1974. E. His first try was in 1975 as part of a group of 20 Chinese climbers. 答案： 2024年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 21-24ACCB 25-28 ABBB 29-32 CACB 33-36 CBAC 37-40 CDEB 2023年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. E 15. A 2022年山东省临沂市罗庄区中考二模英语试卷 29—32 BBAA 33—36 ACBC 37—40 EACB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$