第01讲 非限制性定语从句 -【暑假自学课】2024年暑假高二英语提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第01讲 非限制性定语从句 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 非限制定语从句 1.非限制定语从句概念及用法 2.非限制定语从句与限制性定语从句区别 3.非限制定语从句特殊情况 ( 知识讲解 ) 关系词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that（限制性定从）, as 关系副词 when, where, why 非限制定语从句 区分as, which用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词when,where等 关系词在句中所作成分： 关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：状语 02 as和which引导的非限制性定语从句 as的用法 as也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 （1）as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配such...as,the same...as中。 （2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。 （3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。 （4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：as is known to us众所周知as is reported正如所提及的那样as we all know众所周知as has been said before正如之前所说 which的用法 当定语从句修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或主句的一部分时, 只能是非限制性的,这类定语从句只能由 which 或 as 引导。两者之间的区别在于： 1.which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如： David, as you know, is a photographer. 戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。（不可用which） As was expected, Tom failed. （不可用which） 2.as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如： Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。（不可用as） He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. 3.as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。如： He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。（不可用as） 4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。 5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 注解：as引出非限定性定语从句时，有时as也可用作关系代词，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。 【拓展】 These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people expected. ◆ so/such ……as; the same ……as 为固定结构，但它所引导的定语从句不要与such …… that; so …… that所引导的结果状语从句相混淆。the same……that与the same...as引导的定语从句区别，如： I want the same shirt as my brother’s. （指同类事物） He is wearing the same shirt that he had on yesterday. (指同一事物) 03使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 （1）that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用who,whom指代人，用which指代物。 （2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。 （3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。 （4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why。 04限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 ▲ 翻译不同 限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的＋先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 05用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized. ( 巩固练习 ) 一、单句语法填空 1．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空) 2．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空) 3．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. (用适当的词填空) 4．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. (用适当的词填空) 5．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 6．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. (用适当的词填空) 7．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 8．Our boss is said to come back next week, our task will have been finished. (用适当的词填空) 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 10．Daniel, you have met somewhere, dropped in on me last Friday. 11．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work. (用适当的词填空) 12．He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere his students learn actively. (用适当的词填空) 13．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 14．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. (用适当的词填空) 15．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空) 16．Beijing, the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (用适当的词填空) 17．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 18．Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. (用适当的词填空) 19．I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University. (用适当的词填空) 20．Here in the mountains, every sunrise starts, I’ll heal my heart for a while. (用适当的词填空) 21．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 22．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. (用适当的词填空) 23．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. (用适当的词填空) 24．For some of us, the Spring Festival is the only occasion we have the time to be with our parents. （用适当的词填空） 25．As the whirlpool became less wild, the waves soon carried me to an area the other fishermen stayed. (用适当的词填空) 26．The reason this task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. (用适当的词填空) 27．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 28．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 29．The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. (用适当的词填空) 30．The teacher with you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 31．In our class there are 50 students, (其中一半人戴眼镜) . （定语从句）(根据汉语提示完成句子) 32．我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了，没有它我就像个瞎子。 My glasses, I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 33．众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。(as引导定语从句) , great changes have taken place in China. 34．The selection of astronauts is quite , all the applicants will be interviewed. 航天员的选拔是一个相当复杂的过程, 在此过程中所有的申请者都将接受面试。 35． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 36．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 37．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。 A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school. 38．这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。 a． , the farm has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. (过去分词作状语) b．The farm, , has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(定语从句) 39．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 40．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, . 3. 句子翻译 41．他想为那些想学习英语的孩子树立一个好榜样。(使用定语从句) (汉译英) 42．众所周知，书籍是知识的源泉，我们可以从中受益匪浅。（benefit，定语从句）（汉译英） 43．这家公司由许多小分公司组成，它们在市场上很有竞争力。(汉译英) 44．该课程寓教于乐，适合五岁以下儿童。(汉译英) 45．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。(access，非限定性定语从句)(汉译英) 46．这个组合发行了他们的第一支单曲，并使他们一夜成名。(汉译英) 47．天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英) 48．比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的。（汉译英） 49．我妈妈带我去了花店，在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句)(汉译英) 50．当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。（desire）(汉译英) ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 非限制性定语从句 ( 学习目标 ) 内容 要求 非限制定语从句 1.非限制定语从句概念及用法 2.非限制定语从句与限制性定语从句区别 3.非限制定语从句特殊情况 ( 知识讲解 ) 关系词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that（限制性定从）, as 关系副词 when, where, why 非限制定语从句 区分as, which用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词which,who,whom,whose,as 关系副词when,where等 关系词在句中所作成分： 关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：状语 02 as和which引导的非限制性定语从句 as的用法 as也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 （1）as引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配such...as,the same...as中。 （2）as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。 （3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。 （4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：as is known to us众所周知as is reported正如所提及的那样as we all know众所周知as has been said before正如之前所说 which的用法 当定语从句修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或主句的一部分时, 只能是非限制性的,这类定语从句只能由 which 或 as 引导。两者之间的区别在于： 1.which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如： David, as you know, is a photographer. 戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。（不可用which） As was expected, Tom failed. （不可用which） 2.as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如： Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。（不可用as） He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange. 3.as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。如： He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。（不可用as） 4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。 5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 注解：as引出非限定性定语从句时，有时as也可用作关系代词，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。 【拓展】 These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people expected. ◆ so/such ……as; the same ……as 为固定结构，但它所引导的定语从句不要与such …… that; so …… that所引导的结果状语从句相混淆。the same……that与the same...as引导的定语从句区别，如： I want the same shirt as my brother’s. （指同类事物） He is wearing the same shirt that he had on yesterday. (指同一事物) 03使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 （1）that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用who,whom指代人，用which指代物。 （2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。 （3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。 （4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why。 04限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 ▲ 翻译不同 限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的＋先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 05用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized. ( 巩固练习 ) 一、单句语法填空 1．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力，这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 2．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他，因为他记录了半个多世纪以来整个城市及其人民的生活。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，在从句作宾语，指人，应用who或whom。故填who/whom。 3．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医多年，从他们那里她获得了对传统习俗的深刻了解。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词experts是人，从句中作介词宾语，因此空格处是whom，故填whom。 4．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当那些以前从未遇到过这种情况的男孩们开始跳出窗户时，教室变成了一个马戏团。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。 5．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。 6．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：潍坊风筝的主题极其丰富，深受国内外人民的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Weifang kites，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填 whose。 7．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她决定不和我一起去野餐，这让我很失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．Our boss is said to come back next week, our task will have been finished. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】by which time 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说我们的老板下星期回来，到那时我们的任务将已经完成。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词next week作补充说明，结合“will have been finished”可知，从句时态为将来完成时，表示到将来某一个时间点前已完成的动作，因此应用by which time“到那个时候”。故填by which time。 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 10．Daniel, you have met somewhere, dropped in on me last Friday. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Daniel，那个你在某处遇见过的人，上个星期五顺道拜访了我。该空引导非限制性定语从句并且在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词Daniel，应用whom引导，在非限定性定语从句中，who不能代替whom作宾语。故填whom。 11．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们的工作就不会那么忙了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词next week，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 12．He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere his students learn actively. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他善于创造一个融洽的氛围，在这种氛围中学生积极地学习。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词atmosphere在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 13．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 14．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于到了那个村子，在那里我们看到了许多新建的房子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 15．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫整座房子，在门、窗和墙上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the vast countryside表示地点，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词where，故填 where。 16．Beijing, the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北京，2008年夏季奥运会的举办地，是世界上首个举办过两届奥运会的城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 17．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：邮局对面是一家音像店，在那里你可以买任何你喜欢的音乐CD。该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a video shop，并且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 18．Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有时我们不得不工作到凌晨，那时大多数人还在熟睡。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词the early hours of the morning是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。 19．I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记2021年5月1日，我被北京大学录取的那一天。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词May 1st 2021，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在2021年5月1日”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 20．Here in the mountains, every sunrise starts, I’ll heal my heart for a while. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这群山中，在每一个日出开始的地方，我会暂时治愈我的心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是mountains，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 21．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 22．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得有一次你遇到困难时，我伸出了援助之手吗？定语从句修饰先行词occasion，在从句作时间状语，故用when引导。故填when。 23．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 24．For some of us, the Spring Festival is the only occasion we have the time to be with our parents. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对于我们中的一些人来说，春节是我们唯一有时间陪父母的时候。分析句子可知，occasion为先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when来引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 25．As the whirlpool became less wild, the waves soon carried me to an area the other fishermen stayed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当漩涡变得不那么狂暴时，波浪很快把我带到其他渔民停留的地方。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词area是地方，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 26．The reason this task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这项任务之所以困难，是因为团队的资源有限。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此空格处用why引导定语从句，故填why。 27．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。 28．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 29．The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和我握手的那个人是我女儿的英语老师。此处是“with+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词whom，故填whom。 30．The teacher with you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 二、完成句子 31．In our class there are 50 students, (其中一半人戴眼镜) . （定语从句）(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】half of whom wear glasses 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有五十名学生，其中一半人戴眼镜。表达“一半”要用half；分析可知空格处是非限制性定语从句，students是先行词，指人；表达范围要用介词of，所以用关系代词whom指代先行词作介词of作宾语；“戴眼镜”为动宾短语wear glasses；此句陈述目前现状，要用一般现在时，故填 half of whom wear glasses。 32．我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了，没有它我就像个瞎子。 My glasses, I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 【答案】without which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“没有”应用介词without，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词my glasses，指物，在定语从句中作介词without的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填without which。 33．众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。(as引导定语从句) , great changes have taken place in China. 【答案】As is well known/As we all know 【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子可知，表示“众所周知”可用as is well known或者as we all know，为固定搭配，均为由关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As is well known或者As we all know。 34．The selection of astronauts is quite , all the applicants will be interviewed. 航天员的选拔是一个相当复杂的过程, 在此过程中所有的申请者都将接受面试。 【答案】 a complex procedure in which 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，第一空表示“一个复杂的过程”，可译为a complex procedure，根据第二空表达的意思“在此过程中”可知，第二空应为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a complex procedure，指物，第二空应为in which，故填①a complex procedure②in which。 35． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】As you can imagine 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你想的那样，在未来的生活中会有各种各样的挑战。根据汉语提示“正如你想的那样”并分析句子结构可知，这里应用关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个主句；“想”可表示为imagine。故填As you can imagine。 36．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 【答案】from where I had a good view of the whole city 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为介词+关系副词构成的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the top of the tower，表示“从……”应用介词from，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“我”应用代词I,在从句中作主语；表示“看到了”应用动词have，结合句意应用一般过去时，在从句中作谓语；表示“这个城市的全景”应用名词短语a good view of the whole city，在从句中作宾语。故填：from where I had a good view of the whole city。 37．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。 A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school. 【答案】during which you can admire the beautiful scenery 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tour，“在……期间”使用介词during，关系词在从句中作during的宾语，应用关系代词which，“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“欣赏”使用动词admire，“美景”译为beautiful scenery，句子使用一般现在时，故填during which you can admire the beautiful scenery。 38．这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。 a． , the farm has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. (过去分词作状语) b．The farm, , has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(定语从句) 【答案】 Located/Situated in the suburb of our city which lies in/is located in/is situated in the suburb of our city 【详解】考查非谓语动词以及定语从句。be located/situated in意为“坐落于……”。分析句子结构可知，第一个空处为非谓语动词作状语，所以去掉be，剩下过去分词作状语。“我市郊区”的英文表达为“the suburb of our city”。第二个句子的主语为The farm，根据题干要求“位于我是郊区”应处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。“坐落于……”可用动词短语“lie in/be located/situated in”，该动词短语在定语从句中作谓语。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填①Located/Situated in the suburb of our city②which lies in/is located in/is situated in the suburb of our city。 39．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 【答案】who was in deep sorrow 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、时态、主谓一致、形容词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“他的父亲深陷悲痛之中”。本空为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his father，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。根据lost可知事情发生在过去，故从句时态用一般过去时，表示“悲伤”用be in sorrow，主语who指代his father，be动词用was。表示“深深的”用形容词deep，作定语，修饰名词sorrow。故填who was in deep sorrow。 40．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, . 【答案】thirty percent of whom are men 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers，指人，“其中30%”使用短语thirty percent of，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，“男性”使用名词复数men，主语thirty percent of whom表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，且句子是描述一个事实，用一般现在时，故填thirty percent of whom are men。 3. 句子翻译 41．他想为那些想学习英语的孩子树立一个好榜样。(使用定语从句) (汉译英) 【答案】He wants to set a good example for those children who want to learn English. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句、时态。主语为he；表示“想要”短语为want to do sth.；表示“为……树立一个好榜样”短语为set a good example for，表示“那些孩子”为those children，后跟who引导定语从句；表示“想学习英语”翻译为want to learn English。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词children作从句的主语，用who引导从句。故翻译为He wants to set a good example for those children who want to learn English. 42．众所周知，书籍是知识的源泉，我们可以从中受益匪浅。（benefit，定语从句）（汉译英） 【答案】As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot. 【详解】考查一般现在时和定语从句。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。表示“众所周知”应用固定句式as we all know，为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。表示“知识的源泉”应用the source of knowledge，“书籍是知识的源泉”表达为books are the source of knowledge；“我们可以从中受益匪浅”表达为非限制性定语从句，表示“从……中受益匪浅”应用动词短语benefit a lot from，在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词from后的宾语，先行词为books“书籍”，所以应用关系代词which，介词from可置于关系代词which之前，构成“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语。故翻译为：As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot.。 43．这家公司由许多小分公司组成，它们在市场上很有竞争力。(汉译英) 【答案】This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market. 【详解】考查定语从句。“这家公司”可以翻译为“this company”，在句中作主语。“由……组成”可以用动词短语“ be composed of ”，本句话陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。“许多小分公司”可以翻译为“many small branches”；branches为先行词，后面接非限定性定语从句修饰。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。定语从句为主系表结构，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时态，be动词用are。“有竞争力的”可以用形容词“competitive ”；“在市场上”可以翻译为“in the market”。故翻译为This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market. 44．该课程寓教于乐，适合五岁以下儿童。(汉译英) 【答案】The course combines education with entertainment, which is suitable for the children under five. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。该课程是主语，译为“the course”，寓教于乐用短语combine...with...，意为“与……结合”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the course，谓语用第三人称单数，教育是education，娱乐是entertainment，因此前半句为The course combines education with entertainment；后半句是用which引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代课程，be动词用is，适合译为“be suitable for”，五岁以下儿童译为“the children under five”，因此后半句为which is suitable for the children under five。故答案为The course combines education with entertainment, which is suitable for the children under five.。 45．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。(access，非限定性定语从句)(汉译英) 【答案】 Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study. 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“学生们”用复数名词students，在句中作主语；“获得”用动词access或短语have/get/gain access to；“更多的阅读材料”翻译为more reading materials；指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“对……有益处”用短语be of benefit /be beneficial to/be good for；“他们的语言学习”翻译为their language learning/study。根据句意，故翻译为 Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study. 46．这个组合发行了他们的第一支单曲，并使他们一夜成名。(汉译英) 【答案】The group had their first single, which earned them great fame overnight. 【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词。根据句意，该句描述的为过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“这个组合”应为the group作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“发行了他们的第一支单曲”可转述为“有了他们的第一支单曲”应为have their first single，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词使用过去式形式had，主句应译为The group had their first single，表示“并使他们一夜成名”可使用非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first single，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，表示“使他们一夜成名”应为earn them great fame，其中fame作宾语，从句使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词使用过去式形式earned，表示“一夜”应为overnight，所以从句应译为which earned them great fame overnight。故翻译为The group had their first single, which earned them great fame overnight. 47．天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英) 【答案】The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy. 【详解】考查定语从句、名词、动词（短语）和形容词。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“天气”为the weather作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“开始”为begin，用一般过去时，所以应为began作谓语，表示“好转”应为improve，根据begin to do 可知，此处使用动词不定式形式；根据提示，表示“这让村民们欣喜若狂”应为非限制性定语从句，“天气开始好转”在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which作从句的主语，表示“让”应为make，使用一般过去时，所以应为made作谓语，表示“村民们”应为the villagers作宾语，表示“欣喜若狂”应为形容词短语wild with joy作宾补。故翻译为The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy. 48．比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的。（汉译英） 【答案】The race organizers gave me a special award, which is given to the most injured runner in the race. 【详解】考查固定短语、时态、语态和定语从句。“比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖”使用主谓宾的结构，使用一般过去时。主语“比赛组织者”为“the race organizers”，动词“给”为“give”，宾语“我”为“me”，“一个特别奖”为“a special award”，则翻译为“The race organizers gave me a special award.”。翻译“这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的”使用非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a special award”，则使用which引导定语从句。“将……给……”为“give...to...”，则award与give为被动关系，“受伤最严重的运动员”为“the most injured runner”，“在比赛中”为“in the race”，从句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，则翻译为“which is given to the most injured runner in the race”。故“比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的”翻译为The race organizers gave me a special award, which is given to the most injured runner in the race. 49．我妈妈带我去了花店，在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句)(汉译英) 【答案】My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 【详解】考查定语从句。该句主句部分“我妈妈带我去了花店”可使用名词短语my mother作主语，take somebody to(带某人去某地) 作谓语，使用一般过去时，宾格me作宾语，“花店”翻译为a flower shop，作介词to的宾语；表示“在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草”可使用定语从句修饰先行词“a flower shop”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句；从句主语是I，“欣赏”是动词enjoy作谓语，描述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时态，“各种各样的花草”翻译为all kinds of flowers and plants作宾语。故翻译为My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 50．当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。（desire）(汉译英) 【答案】There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage. 【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。“渴望”翻译为desire，“当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日”翻译为“There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals”，traditional festivals为先行词后接非限制性定语从句，指物由which引导，在从句中作主语，“这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现”翻译为“which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage”陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，故翻译为There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage. 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