暑假作业03 非谓语动词（不定式考点）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业03非谓语动词（不定式考点） 不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。 2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。 3. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。 4. to get。这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是to get。 不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。 3. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 1. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 2. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 3. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。 4. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。 不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to enter。observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是to enter。 3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 1. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 2. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。 3. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。 4. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。 要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year. 3. With a lot of homework ___________(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you. 1. to solve。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to solve。 2. to follow。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。故答案是to follow。 3. to do。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to do。 要点精讲4：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 1. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 2. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。 不定式作定语典型用法 要点精讲：1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。 4. to change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to change。 不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 1. to be informed/to find/to be told。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是to be informed/to find/to be told。 2. to carry。so…as to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 1. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 2. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to perform。 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long 1  a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept 2 (concern) Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming 3 (increasing) ignored by the youth of the East --- the ancient custom of “tonic (滋补的) food”. 4 is known to us, tonic food is food that is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once a custom for new mothers 5 (eat) a sesame oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was a general 6 (believe) that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat, are seen as “hot”, while 7 (other), such as Chinese cabbage, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat 8 (depend) on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health. The custom of employing tonic foods for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberries (枸杞), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either 9 (add) to fruit tea or as a very 10 (benefit) addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up (提神的食品). 1. for 2. concerning 3. increasingly 4. As 5. to eat 6. belief 7. others 8. depends 9. added 10. beneficial 【导语】本文是篇说明文。中国美食享誉全球，文章主要介绍了不为西方人所了解的、逐渐被东方年轻一代所忽视的中国古老的“食补”习俗。 1. 考查介词。句意：谁不渴望吃到最喜欢的中国菜呢？分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语a favorite Chinese dish作宾语；动词短语long for sth表示“渴望某物”，符合句意。故填for。 2. 考查介词。句意：但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻的，而且正越来越被东方的年轻人所忽视——那就是“食补”的古老习俗。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语Chinese food作宾语；concerning介词，表示“关于”，符合句意。故填concerning。 3. 考查副词。句意：但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻的，而且正越来越被东方的年轻人所忽视——那就是“食补”的古老习俗。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，作状语修饰过去分词“ignored”，表示“越来越被忽视”。故填increasingly。 4. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：正如我们所知，滋补食物是为了改善一个人的健康或避免疾病而食用的食物。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句“tonic food is food that is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. ”，在从句中作主语，且从句在主句前面，故应用关系代词as；句首字母大写。故填As。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，新妈妈在生完孩子后的第一个月里，每天都要吃麻油火锅，这曾经是一种习俗。根据句中谓语动词“was”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；固定句式it be+a(n)名词单数 for sb to do sth，表示“对某人来说，做某事是一种……”，it作形式主语，动词不定式to do sth为真正的主语，故空处应用动词不定式。故填to eat。 6. 考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，这道菜对肌肉有益，减轻疼痛，改善血液循环，促进排汗，温暖身体。根据“a general”可知，空处应为可数名词单数，作表语；belief名词，表示“信念”，为可数名词，符合句意。故填belief。 7. 考查代词。句意：有些食物，如羊肉，被认为是“热性的”，而其他食物，如白菜，被认为是“凉性的”。分析句子及提示词可知，空处应为代词，作主语；根据谓语动词“are seen”可知，应用复数形式others，指代“其他食物”。故填others。 8. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，人们应该吃多少“热性”或“凉性”食物取决于一年中的时间，食物是如何准备的，用什么来准备的，以及个人的健康状况。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据“is prepared”及句意可知，本句应为一般现在时，表示客观事实；主语是从句“how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。故填depends。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：枸杞等中草药可以在许多餐馆的菜单上找到，它们要么被添加到果茶中，要么被作为非常有益的添加材料添加到菜肴中。根据句中谓语“can be found”可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，作状语，与“Chinese herbal medicines”形成被动关系，故应用过去分词形式，表示“被添加到……”。故填added。 10. 考查形容词。句意：枸杞等中草药可以在许多餐馆的菜单上找到，它们要么被添加到果茶中，要么被作为非常有益的添加材料添加到菜肴中。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“addition”；beneficial形容词，表示“有益的”，符合句意。故填beneficial。 二 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zibo, a city in Shandong province, has 1 (expect) become popular on Chinese social media since late February for its local barbecue specialty. The latest promotion gives visitors free admission to 10 scenic spots in the city with their train ticket as long as their final destination is Zibo. Passengers who board the train are greeted by a banner 2 (read) “Welcome to the Special BBQ Train” at the entrance of the carriage. They also receive items from leaflets about Zibo’s culture and scenic spots 3 small souvenirs and snacks. Barbecue is popular in China, but Zibo’s barbecue is different 4 three aspects: made on a stove, it 5 (serve) with pancakes and sauce. The food is 70-80 percent cooked before they are brought to the table, 6 diners can finish cooking it on their own stoves, which lends a sense of participation. According to local media reports on Wednesday, 7 (search) for “barbecue” increased by 370 percent on the Internet in March. “I am glad to see that the city now 8 (prior) enhancing the experience for tourists and improving its image, rather than solely capitalizing on its overnight fame,” reads one comment on the popular microblogging site Sina Weibo. “Zibo barbecue is bringing more and more people to the city, and the local government needs to think about 9 to promote the city as a whole, its culture and tourism, as well as its living and business environment,” said Sun Xiaorong, 10 member of the expert panel of tourism marketing and promotion that is supervised by the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism. 1. unexpectedly 2. reading 3. and 4. in / on 5. is served 6. where 7. searches 8. is prioritizing 9. how 10. a 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了走红网络的淄博烧烤。 1. 考查副词。句意：自2月下旬以来，山东省淄博市因其当地特色烧烤意外在中国社交媒体上走红。根据句意以及分析句子成分可知，应为词义为“出乎意料的是”的副词修饰谓语动词“has become”。故填unexpectedly。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：登上这列火车的乘客会在车厢入口处看到一条横幅，上面写着“欢迎乘坐特别烧烤列车”。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词。且和被修饰词“a banner”之间为主动关系，故用v-ing形式作定语。故填reading。 3. 考查连词。句意：他们还会收到关于淄博文化和景点的传单、小纪念品和小吃。应为并列的三个成分作介词“about”的宾语，故用and连接。故填and。 4. 考查介词。“在......方面”，常常用in / on ... aspect表示。故填in / on。这里容易误填from，可能会考虑与前面的is different搭配。 5. 考查谓语动词。句意：烧烤在中国很受欢迎，但淄博的烧烤在三个方面不同;它是在炉子上做的，配上煎饼和酱汁。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。照应本句其他动词“is”的时态可知，应为一般现在时。且和主语“it”之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态，且用单数。故填is served。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：在上桌之前，食物已经煮了70-80%，食客可以在自己的炉子上完成，这给人一种参与感。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接副词，指代先行词“the table”，为地点，且在从句中充当地点状语。故填where。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：据当地媒体周三报道，今年3月，“烧烤”一词在互联网上的搜索量增长了370%。空处应为本句的主语，且词义为“搜索，检索”时为可数名词，故应为复数。故填searches。 8. 考查谓语动词。句意：热门微博网站新浪微博上的一条评论写道：“我很高兴看到这座城市现在正在优先考虑提高游客的体验，改善其形象，而不是仅仅利用一夜成名。”分析句子成分可知，空处应为宾语从句的谓语动词。照应时间状语“now”以及主语“the city”可知，谓语动词应为现在进行时，为单数。故填is prioritizing。 9. 考查疑问词。句意：山东省文化和旅游厅旅游营销推广专家组成员孙晓荣表示：“淄博烧烤吸引了越来越多的人来到这个城市，当地政府需要考虑如何从整体上推广这个城市，推广它的文化和旅游，以及生活和商业环境”。分析句子成分可知，空处应为词义为“如何”，表示方式，构成“特殊疑问句+不定式”作宾语。故填how。 10. 考查冠词。句意：山东省文化和旅游厅旅游营销推广专家组成员孙晓荣表示：“淄博烧烤吸引了越来越多的人来到这个城市，当地政府需要考虑如何从整体上推广这个城市，推广它的文化和旅游，以及生活和商业环境”。空处应为不定冠词表示泛指，且空后词“member”为辅音音素开头，故应为a。故填a 三 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____1____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____2____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____3____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____4____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____5____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____6____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____7____. Our____8____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____9____ bunny from the belt. This was _____10_____ than it sounds._____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____12_____ . Dad ____13____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood_____14_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____15_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 1. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved 2. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens 3. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 4. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 5. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest 6. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived 7. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation 8. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices 9. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove 10. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper 11. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 12. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered 13. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 14. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 15. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。 1.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制； C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。 2.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭； C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。 3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的； B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的； D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。 4.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口； D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。 5.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得； C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。 6.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“I'd see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。 7.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意 。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历； D. invitation邀请。根据“Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。 8.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐； B. ideas观点；C. roles任务； D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。 9.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止； D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。 10.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的； C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。 11.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来； B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。 12.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明； B. witnessed目击； C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。 13.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。 14.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。 15.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。 四 Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 2. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。 1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。 2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。 3.D【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。 4.D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业03非谓语动词（不定式考点） 不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year. 要点精讲4：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 不定式作定语典型用法 要点精讲：1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 一 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long 1  a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept 2 (concern) Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming 3 (increasing) ignored by the youth of the East --- the ancient custom of “tonic (滋补的) food”. 4 is known to us, tonic food is food that is consumed to improve one’s well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once a custom for new mothers 5 (eat) a sesame oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was a general 6 (believe) that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat, are seen as “hot”, while 7 (other), such as Chinese cabbage, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat 8 (depend) on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health. The custom of employing tonic foods for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberries (枸杞), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either 9 (add) to fruit tea or as a very 10 (benefit) addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-me-up (提神的食品). 二 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zibo, a city in Shandong province, has 1 (expect) become popular on Chinese social media since late February for its local barbecue specialty. The latest promotion gives visitors free admission to 10 scenic spots in the city with their train ticket as long as their final destination is Zibo. Passengers who board the train are greeted by a banner 2 (read) “Welcome to the Special BBQ Train” at the entrance of the carriage. They also receive items from leaflets about Zibo’s culture and scenic spots 3 small souvenirs and snacks. Barbecue is popular in China, but Zibo’s barbecue is different 4 three aspects: made on a stove, it 5 (serve) with pancakes and sauce. The food is 70-80 percent cooked before they are brought to the table, 6 diners can finish cooking it on their own stoves, which lends a sense of participation. According to local media reports on Wednesday, 7 (search) for “barbecue” increased by 370 percent on the Internet in March. “I am glad to see that the city now 8 (prior) enhancing the experience for tourists and improving its image, rather than solely capitalizing on its overnight fame,” reads one comment on the popular microblogging site Sina Weibo. “Zibo barbecue is bringing more and more people to the city, and the local government needs to think about 9 to promote the city as a whole, its culture and tourism, as well as its living and business environment,” said Sun Xiaorong, 10 member of the expert panel of tourism marketing and promotion that is supervised by the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism. 三 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____1____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____2____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____3____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____4____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____5____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____6____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____7____. Our____8____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____9____ bunny from the belt. This was _____10_____ than it sounds._____11_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____12_____ . Dad ____13____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood_____14_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____15_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 1. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved 2. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens 3. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 4. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 5. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest 6. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived 7. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation 8. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices 9. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove 10. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper 11. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 12. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered 13. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 14. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 15. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 四 Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 2. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$