暑假作业01 动词时态 (一般时、进行时）-【暑假分层作业】2024年高一英语暑假培优练（人教版2019）

完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业01 动词时态 (一般时、进行时） 一、动词的时态(以动词do为例) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 一般时 (一)一般现在时(do/does；is/am/are) 1．表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 My flight takes off at 5：00 am.我的航班早上五点起飞。 3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (二)一般过去时(did；was/were) 1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，just now, the other day，two weeks ago等时间状语连用。 He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。 2．根据上下文或主从句提示。 We often played together when we were children.我们小时候经常在一起玩。 单句语法填空 1．This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，000 years to the Tang dynasty.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研] 2．In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研] 3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.[2023·山东省高三百师联盟联考] 进行时态 1.现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。 I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我真的不在这里工作，只是在帮忙，直到新秘书来。 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。 ③与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others.他总是帮助其他人。 2．过去进行时 ①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在附近做志愿者。 ②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day.他说她第二天会到达。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at (时刻) tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。 I' ll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我将要干些家务活。 4．现在完成进行时 ①表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last few＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。 ②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 单句语法填空/完成句子 1．Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide.[2023·辽宁省五校联考] 2．Listen! Mary ________________________．听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。 3．He ________________________ from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家看电视。 4．They ____________________ at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。 全球最重圈养大熊猫宝宝诞生 A female giant panda cub weighing 270.4 grams became the world's 1 (heavy) captive panda newborn ever registered, a panda research center in southwest China's Sichuan Province said on Wednesday. Cuicui, 2 16-year-old panda, gave birth to the cub at the Wolong Shenshuping panda base at 9:39 p.m. on August 5, 3 (break) the previous birth weight record of 249 grams held by a panda born in 2021, according to the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda. The cub's delivery process was worrisome as 4 took Cuicui a long time to exhibit any labor reaction after her water broke, according to Cheng Jianbin, Cuicui's keeper. The baby panda was eventually born nearly 40 hours after Cuicui's water broke. The last time Cuicui gave birth was in 2018, 5 all her previous cubs weighed over 200 grams, Cheng said, adding that Cuicui is 6 (extreme) maternal and very good at taking care of her young. As the pandas are entering their gestation periods one after another, their 7 (keep) are taking shifts around the clock 8 (monitor) the bears through cameras or on-site, offering timely analysis to ensure the smooth delivery and safety of the cubs. Since June, six pandas at the center have given birth to cubs. The center 9 (welcome) 11 new cubs so far, with five pairs of twins. This birthing season 10 (expect) to last until the end of August. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide, a study 1 (cover) more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a staple food (主食) may result 2 a lower risk of obesity. Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University collected data from participants, aged between 30s and 70s, 3 are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions. The participants 4 (respond) to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity. 5 (make) a better analysis, the researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake, with similar 6 (frequent). The results show that rice preference may be related to a lower risk of certain obesity types in 7 population of Northwest China. When wheat lovers changed their staple food to rice five times per week, showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight 8 (center) obesity in women. The researchers concluded that 9 (compare) with a preference for wheat, a preference for rice, or changing from wheat to rice, could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation, 10 (especial) for individuals with normal weight. 二 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。 Do you know spring rolls? Spring rolls, 1 name is a translation of the Chinese chun juan, are 2 variety of filled, rolled dim sum found in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine. In China, the past spring rolls were regarded as a seasonal food 3 (eat) during the spring. They started as a pancake rolls stuffed with the new season’s spring vegetables. Nowadays, spring rolls can be enjoyed throughout the year and they are usually served as an 4 (amaze) starter for parties. Fried spring rolls are generally small. They can be sweet or salty; the former are often filled 5 red bean paste (红豆馅) and the latter are 6 (typical) prepared with vegetables. Non-fried spring rolls are usually 7 (big) than the fried ones. Unlike fried spring rolls, non-fried spring rolls 8 (make) by filling the wrappers with many different pre-cooked 9 (ingredient). Traditionally, they are food for the Cold Food Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day in spring 10 (remember) ancestors. 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our ___1___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___2___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___3___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___5___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___6___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did. Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___7___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___8___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___9___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____10_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____11_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____12_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____13_____. Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____14_____, wondering what camping fun and _____15_____ we will experience next. 1. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 2. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 3. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 4. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 5. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for 6. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed 7. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 8. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 9. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 10. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix 11. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 12. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 13. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right 14. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement 15. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict 四 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 1. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 2. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 4. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业01 动词时态 (一般时、进行时） 一、动词的时态(以动词do为例) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 一般时 (一)一般现在时(do/does；is/am/are) 1．表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 My flight takes off at 5：00 am.我的航班早上五点起飞。 3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (二)一般过去时(did；was/were) 1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，just now, the other day，two weeks ago等时间状语连用。 He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。 2．根据上下文或主从句提示。 We often played together when we were children.我们小时候经常在一起玩。 单句语法填空 1．This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，000 years to the Tang dynasty.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研] 2．In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研] 3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.[2023·山东省高三百师联盟联考] 1．答案与解析：stretches　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语。此处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；stretch back意为“追溯到”，无被动；主语This ancient Chinese art为单数概念。故填stretches。 2．答案与解析：uses　动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“keeps”，再结合句意可知，该句陈述的是风俗习惯，故用一般现在时；该句主语是a drummer，为第三人称单数，故用uses。 3．答案与解析：was　考查时态。句意：根据最新数据，2020年中国红树林总面积为289平方公里。根据in 2020可知用一般过去时态，结合主语the total area“面积”，为不可数名词。 进行时态 1.现在进行时 ①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。 I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我真的不在这里工作，只是在帮忙，直到新秘书来。 ②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。 ③与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others.他总是帮助其他人。 2．过去进行时 ①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。 Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在附近做志愿者。 ②表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day.他说她第二天会到达。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at (时刻) tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。 I' ll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我将要干些家务活。 4．现在完成进行时 ①表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与these days，recently，lately，in the past/last few＋时间段； since＋时间点； for＋时间段等连用。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。 ②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 单句语法填空/完成句子 1．Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide.[2023·辽宁省五校联考] 2．Listen! Mary ________________________．听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。 3．He ________________________ from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家看电视。 4．They ____________________ at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。 1．答案与解析：are working　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间标志词“Now”和语境可知，谓语动词时态应用现在进行时；主语the local authorities是复数，与work之间是主动关系，故填are working。 2．is singing an English song in the classroom 3．was watching TV at home 4．will be meeting us 全球最重圈养大熊猫宝宝诞生 A female giant panda cub weighing 270.4 grams became the world's 1 (heavy) captive panda newborn ever registered, a panda research center in southwest China's Sichuan Province said on Wednesday. Cuicui, 2 16-year-old panda, gave birth to the cub at the Wolong Shenshuping panda base at 9:39 p.m. on August 5, 3 (break) the previous birth weight record of 249 grams held by a panda born in 2021, according to the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda. The cub's delivery process was worrisome as 4 took Cuicui a long time to exhibit any labor reaction after her water broke, according to Cheng Jianbin, Cuicui's keeper. The baby panda was eventually born nearly 40 hours after Cuicui's water broke. The last time Cuicui gave birth was in 2018, 5 all her previous cubs weighed over 200 grams, Cheng said, adding that Cuicui is 6 (extreme) maternal and very good at taking care of her young. As the pandas are entering their gestation periods one after another, their 7 (keep) are taking shifts around the clock 8 (monitor) the bears through cameras or on-site, offering timely analysis to ensure the smooth delivery and safety of the cubs. Since June, six pandas at the center have given birth to cubs. The center 9 (welcome) 11 new cubs so far, with five pairs of twins. This birthing season 10 (expect) to last until the end of August. 1. heaviest 42. a 43. breaking 44. it 45. and 46. extremely 47. keepers 48. to monitor 49. has welcomed 50. is expected 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道，据中国大熊猫保护研究中心（以下简称“熊猫中心”）消息，熊猫中心大熊猫“翠翠”于近日在卧龙神树坪基地产下一雌性幼崽，体重270.4克，这是迄今为止全球圈养大熊猫出生体重最重的熊猫幼崽。 1. heaviest。 本题考查形容词最高级用法。结合语境这里放在全球这个范围，应该用最高级。故填heaviest。 2. a。本题考查不定冠词用法。 2 16-year-old panda作主语同位语，第一次提到，应用不定冠词。故填a。 3. breaking。本题考查现在分词用法。结合语境这里应用现在分词短语作结果状语，同时与句子主语之间构成主动关系。故填breaking。 4. it。本题考查代词it用法。这里考查It takes sb time to do sth。It用作形式主语。故填it。 5. and。本题考查并列句用法。结合语境这里应用and连接并列句。故填and。 6. extremely。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词应用副词。故填extremely。 7. keepers。本题考查名词复数用法。结合语境这里应用名词复数形式，表示“大熊猫饲养员”。故填keepers。 8. to monitor。本题考查动词不定式用法。这里应用单词不定式作目的状语。故填to monitor。 9. has welcomed。本题考查动词时态用法。so far表示“到现在为止”，应与现在完成时连用。故填has welcomed。 10. is expected。本题考查动词时态语态用法。Be expected to do表示“期待做某事”。故填is expected。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed grains worldwide, a study 1 (cover) more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a staple food (主食) may result 2 a lower risk of obesity. Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University collected data from participants, aged between 30s and 70s, 3 are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions. The participants 4 (respond) to questionnaires via face-to-face interviews, providing information about their medical history and lifestyle, such as alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity. 5 (make) a better analysis, the researchers divided the participants into three groups according to their weekly rice and wheat intake, with similar 6 (frequent). The results show that rice preference may be related to a lower risk of certain obesity types in 7 population of Northwest China. When wheat lovers changed their staple food to rice five times per week, showed a 36.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight obesity in men and a 20.5 percent lower risk of normal-weight 8 (center) obesity in women. The researchers concluded that 9 (compare) with a preference for wheat, a preference for rice, or changing from wheat to rice, could be associated with lower risks of overall fat accumulation, 10 (especial) for individuals with normal weight. 1. covering 2. in 3. who 4. responded 5. To make 6. frequency 7. the 8. central 9. compared 10. especially 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。大米和小麦是世界上最常被人们食用的两种谷物。一项覆盖中国西北10余万人的研究显示，以大米为主食可能会降低肥胖风险。 1. 考查现在分词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是has revealed，cover为非谓语动词，study与cover之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语。故填covering。 2. 考查介词。句意：虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常食用的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究显示，选择大米作为主食可能会降低肥胖的风险。result in“导致”是动词短语，符合句意。故填in。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：西安交通大学的研究人员收集了参与者的数据，他们年龄在30岁到70岁之间，是西北五个省级地区的居民。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词participants在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：参与者通过面对面的访谈回答问卷，提供有关他们的病史和生活方式的信息，如饮酒、吸烟和体育活动。根据前文中collected可知，讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时。 故填responded。 5. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，单词to在句首，首字母大写。故填To make。 6. 考查不可数名词。句意：为了进行更好的分析，研究人员根据参与者每周大米和小麦的摄入量将他们分为三组，频率相似。介词with后接名词作宾语，frequency是不可数名词。故填frequency。 7. 考查定冠词。句意：研究结果表明，西北地区人群对大米的偏好可能与某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关。名词population后接介词短语of Northwest China作后置定语，加the表示特指。故填the。 8. 考查形容词。句意：当爱吃小麦的人每周五次把主食换成大米时，他们发现男性患正常体重肥胖的风险降低了36.5%，女性患正常体重中心型肥胖的风险降低了20.5%。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词obesity。故填central。 9. 考查过去分词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。分析句子可知，compare为非谓语动词作状语，compare与主语a preference之间是动宾关系，用过去分词短语作状语。故填compared。 10. 考查副词。句意：研究人员得出结论，与偏爱小麦相比，偏爱大米，或者从小麦换成大米，可能会降低总体脂肪积累的风险，尤其是对体重正常的人来说。此处要用副词形式especially修饰作状语，强调空格后的内容。故填especially。 二 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。 Do you know spring rolls? Spring rolls, 1 name is a translation of the Chinese chun juan, are 2 variety of filled, rolled dim sum found in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine. In China, the past spring rolls were regarded as a seasonal food 3 (eat) during the spring. They started as a pancake rolls stuffed with the new season’s spring vegetables. Nowadays, spring rolls can be enjoyed throughout the year and they are usually served as an 4 (amaze) starter for parties. Fried spring rolls are generally small. They can be sweet or salty; the former are often filled 5 red bean paste (红豆馅) and the latter are 6 (typical) prepared with vegetables. Non-fried spring rolls are usually 7 (big) than the fried ones. Unlike fried spring rolls, non-fried spring rolls 8 (make) by filling the wrappers with many different pre-cooked 9 (ingredient). Traditionally, they are food for the Cold Food Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day in spring 10 (remember) ancestors. 1. whose 2. a 3. eaten 4. amazing 5. with 6. typically 7. bigger 8. are made 9. ingredients 10. to remember 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国民间节日的一种传统食品——春卷。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Spring rolls，先行词与从句中的name之间为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 2. 考查冠词。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。a variety of固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填a。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，过去的春卷被认为是春天吃的应季食品。分析句子成分可知，were regarded as是句子的谓语动词，空格处动词作定语修饰名词food，food和eat之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填eaten。 4. 考查形容词。句意：它们通常是派对上开胃菜。修饰名词starter，应用所给词的形容词形式，amazing“了不起的”符合题意。故填amazing。 5. 考查介词。句意：前者通常馅料是红豆沙。be filled with固定搭配，意为“充满，装满”。故填with。 6. 考查副词。此空用在被动结构中，修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。故填typically。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：非油炸春卷通常比油炸春卷大。根据空格后than可知，空格处用形容词比较级。故填bigger。 8. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：与油炸春卷不同，非油炸春卷是用许多不同的预先煮熟的材料填满外皮做成的。分析句子可知，空格处是句子的谓语动词，主语spring rolls与动词make之间是被动关系；又因为本段陈述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，故填are made。 9. 考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空格处前有many different pre-cooked，因此应用复数形式。故填ingredients。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它们是寒食节和清明节的食物，用来纪念祖先。分析句子可知，空格处用不定式表示目的。故填to remember。 三 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our ___1___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___2___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___3___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___5___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___6___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did. Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___7___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___8___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___9___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____10_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____11_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____12_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____13_____. Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____14_____, wondering what camping fun and _____15_____ we will experience next. 1. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 2. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 3. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 4. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 5. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for 6. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed 7. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 8. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 9. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 10. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix 11. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 12. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 13. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right 14. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement 15. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。 1.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。 2.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。 3.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选D。 4.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。 5.B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。 6.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可推知，此处指作者的密切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。 7.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。 8.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 9.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。 10.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。 11.A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。 12.D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。 13.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了。故选C。 14.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴奋。故选D。 15.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。 四 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 1. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 2. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 4. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。 1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。 2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。 3.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。 4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$