语法专项 非限制性定语从句 课件 2024届高考英语一轮复习

Non-restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句 回顾： 什么是定语从句？ 定语从句 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。 Tu Youyou is a committed scientist who was awarded by this year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. 构成：主句、先行词、关系词、从句。 主句 从句 先行词 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 连接（主从句）、替代（先行词）、做成分 分类 指代 主语 宾语 定语 状语 关系 代词 指人 who that whom who that whose of whom / 指物 which that which that whose of which / 既指人 又指物 that as that as whose / 关系 副词 时间 when 介词+which 地点 where 介词+which 原因 why for which 关系词 Do you know the girl ___________ Japanese is excellent? None of the people knew the reason __________ the car before his house was damaged. ________ is known to us all, Yang Liwei is the first astronaut in China to enter space. We have entered into an age ___________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of ____________ will be graded. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. Exercise when why As which whose that ① I will never forget the days ___________ we spent together. ② I will never forget the days ________ we stayed together. ① The reason _________ he explained at the meeting was not sound. ② The reason _________ he was late for the meeting was not sound. that/which when that/which why ① I first met him in a park __________ was near my home. ② I first met him in a park ________ there was a huge lake. ① Do you know the boy ______ we met at the gate? ② Do you know the boy _________ is at the gate? that/which where whom that/who Exercise 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 We knew the scientist who has studied the problem. We knew the physical scientist Hawking, who had studied the problem. I have a sister who works in a hospital. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. Laura couldn’t come to our party that will be held on Monday. Laura couldn’t come to our party, which was a pity. 形式 与先行词一般 用逗号隔开 功能 先行词的附加说明，提供关于先行词的附加信息 指代 可指代单个名词或代词，也可指代整个句子或其中一部分 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与先行词不用逗号隔开 与先行词一般用逗号隔开 功能 从句与先行词关系紧密 对先行词的意义起修饰、限定作用 不可或缺，如果去掉从句，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，剩余部分的意思往往不完整 从句是先行词的附加说明 对先行词或整个句子起补充、解释、评论等作用 如果去掉从句，也不会影响先行词的明确性，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整 先行词 先行词一般为单个的名词或代词 只能修饰先行词，不修饰整个句子 先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分 既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个句子 关系词 可用所有的关系代词和关系副词引导 关系词做宾语时可省略 不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which代替 引导词不能省略 【who for people】 E.g: My friend, who is a talented artist, drew a beautiful picture. 【which for things】 E.g: I found a lost puppy, which was wandering on the street. 【whose instead of his/her or their】 E.g: The boy, whose bicycle got stolen, reported it to the police. （一）关系代词 非限制性定语从句的关系词 1. Tom found the ancient book, was broken. 2. I like the house, windows face the sea. which whose 3. The foreign guests, ____were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. who Exercise 【where for places】 E.g: We went to the park, where we had a picnic. （二）关系副词 【when for times】 E.g: Last summer, when we went to the beach, the weather was perfect. 1. People will remember August 8th, 2008, 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing. when 2. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, my grandparents live.  where Exercise 介词的选择：一看与先行词的固定搭配； 二看与谓语动词的搭配； 三看与其他词语的搭配。 1. I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I got married. 2. That is the smartphone on which Tom spend 5000 yuan. 3. Tom with whom all of us are familiar will visit our factory. （三） 介词+关系代词（whom/which） 介词后关系代词的选择：指人用whom, 指物用which. 1. Cindy is a lovely girl, many people like to make friends. with whom 2. They lived in a tall building, in front of stood a big tree. which Exercise 3. We should consult Mr. White, ______________ we can’t solve the problem. without whom 4. The man __________ I talked is our principal. with whom 常用于such…as…, as…as…, so…as…, the same…as等结构 先行词既可指人 又可指物 在从句中可做 主语、宾语、表语。 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词为整个句子 可表示与前面情况相同的，常译为 “正如”。 限制性 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 as的基本用法 This is the same pen as/that I lost. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” which VS as A dog has four legs, which/as is known to all. As is known to all, a dog has four legs. 两者都可指代主句的整个内容； which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后； as引导的定语从句可以放在句首、句中或者主句之后。 which VS as As we all know, our country is developing at a high speed. He is always being praised, which makes others unhappy. as引导非限制性定语从句时，可表达“正如”之意； which无此意。 which VS as as is often the case as has been said before as we all can see/ know as is hoped as we had expected as is known to all as is reported as在从句中常作主语、宾语，做主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即系表结构或被动结构。 情况常常如此 如前所述 我们都能看到/知道 正如我们所希望的 正如我们所期望的 众所周知 正如报道的那样 which VS as He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much. 当关系代词仅代表主句中的单个名词时，只用which， 不用as。 定语从句的省略 当定语从句是S+V+P句型，且引导词为which/who时，我们都可以通过省略引导词和be动词来达到简化从句的目的。 1.Her brother, who is 19, studies in Tsinghua University. ________________________________________________. 2.I am working in the building, which was built last year. ________________________________________________. Her brother, 19, studies in Tsinghua University. I am working in the building, built last year. 随堂练习 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where Hitler was in power. 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei—a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. 请将每组中的两个简单句合并成一个定语从句。 I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 1). The foreign guests, ________ (who / that) were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. 2). They went to the Royal Theatre, ________ (which / where) they saw the great show. 3). Is there anyone in your class ________ (which / whose) family is in the city? 4). Football, ________ (which / that) is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. √ √ √ √ Thank you $$