作业06 阅读理解之说明文 - 【暑假分层作业】2024年高二英语暑假培优练（译林版2020）

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 阅读理解之说明文 说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上看，说明文总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结构形式是“一正一反”)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。 1、研究报告类 研究报告说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，研究结果及意义——主旨大意/最佳标题 接着，研究过程及方法——细节理解/推断 接着，对结论进一步阐述——细节理解/推断/说明方法 最后，专家评议（局限或前景）——细节理解/推断情感态度 2、社会现象类 社会现象类说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，提出现象——写作目的 接着，分析原因——细节理解 接着，说明造成影响——细节理解 最后，提出解决问题的措施、建议、看法——细节理解 3、新方法类 新方法类说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，介绍新方法——细节理解 接着，分析产生原因——细节理解 接着，介绍原理——细节理解 接着，分析优缺点——细节理解 最后，评价、前景——观点态度/细节理解 A THE GLOBAL WASTE TRADE IS ESSENTIALLY BROKEN Cut into hillside in northern Malaysia stands a large, open-air warehouse. This is a recycling factory, which opened last November. On a very hot afternoon in January, Shahid Ali was working his very first week on the job. He stood knee-deep in soggy, white bits of plastic. Around him, more bits floated of the conveyor belt and fell to the ground like snowflakes. Hour after hour, Ali sorts through the plastic jumble moving down the belt, picking out pieces that look off-color or soiled-rejects (废品) in the recycling process. Though it looks like backbreaking work, Ali says it is a great improvement over his previous job, folding bed-sheets in a nearby textile factory, for much lower pay. Now, if he cats simply, he can save money from his wages of just over $1 an hour and send $250 a month to his parents and six brothers and sisters in Peshawar, Pakistan, 2,700 miles away, “As soon as I heard about this work, I asked for a job," says Ali, 24, a bearded man with glasses and an easy smile. Still, he's working 12 hours a day, seven days a week. “If I take a day off, I lose a day 's wages," he says. In the warehouse, hundreds of bags are stacked more than 60 feet high-each stuffed with plastic wrappers and bags thrown away weeks earlier by their original users in California. The fact that the waste has traveled to this distant corner of the planet in the first place shows how badly the global recycling economy has failed to keep pace with humanity 's plastics addiction. This is an ecosystem that is deeply dysfunctional, if not on the point of collapse: About 90% of the millions of tons of plastic the world produces every year will eventually end up not recycled, but burned, buried, or dumped. Plastic recycling enjoys ever-wider support among consumers: Putting yogurt containers and juice bottles in a blue bin is an eco-friendly act of faith in millions of households. But faith goes only so far. The tidal wave of plastic items that enters the recycling stream each year is increasingly likely to fall right back out again, casualties of a broken market. Many products that consumers believe (and industries claim) are “recyclable" are in reality not, because of hard economics. With oil and gas prices near 20-ycar lows, so-called virgin plastic, a product of petroleum feed-stocks, is now far cheaper and easier to obtain than recycled material. That unforeseen shift has yanked the financial rug out from under what was until recently a practical recycling industry. “The global waste trade is essentially broken," says the head of the global plastics campaign at Greenpeace. “We are sitting on vast amounts of plastic with nowhere to send it and nothing to do with it.” 1. What is the author's attitude towards Shahid Ali? A. Critical. B. Merciless. C.Indifferent. D. Sympathetic. 2. What most probably causes the problem of global waste recycling? A.The prices of oil and gas have been increasing. B. Tons of wastes travel so far before being recycled. C.Recyclable products are not really recycled. D. Governments don't support the recycling industry. 3. What does the italicized word “dysfunctional” mean in the passage? A. Out of stock. B. Far from pleased. C. Full of energy. D. Out of order. 4. What is the author's purpose of writing this article? A. To illustrate how plastic waste has been recycled in the world. B. To warn people that the global waste trade is essentially broken. C. To analyze the relationship between consumers and factories. D. To solve the conflict between the recycling industry and governments. 【答案】1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 【导语]这是一篇说明文。文章通过ShahidAli捡垃圾为引入，说明了全球垃圾贸易基本上已经崩溃的事实。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段“On a very hot afternoon in January, Shahid Ali was working his very first week on the job. He stood knee-deep in soggy, white bits of plastic. Around him, more bits floated of the conveyor belt and fell to the ground like snowflakes.(1月一个非常炎热的下午，沙希德·阿里正在工作的第一周。他站在齐膝深的湿漉漉的白色塑料碎片里。在他周围，更多的碎片从传送带上飘下来，像雪花一样落在地上)”以及第二段“Hour after hour, Ali sorts through the plastic jumble moving down the belt, picking out pieces that look off-color or soiled-rejects (废品) in the recycling process. Though it looks like backbreaking work, Ali says it is a great improvement over his previous job, folding bed-sheets in a nearby textile factory, for much lower pay. Now, if he cats simply, he can save money from his wages of just over $l an hour and send $250 a month to his parents and six brothers and sisters in Peshawar, Pakistan,2,700 miles away, “As soon as I heard about this work, I asked for a job,” says Ali, 24, a bearded man with glasses and an easy smile. Still, he's working 12 hours a day, seven days a week. “If I take a day off, I lose a day's wages, " he says.(一个小时又一个小时，阿里在垃圾传送带上的塑料垃圾中进行分类，挑出那些看起来颜色不佳或在回收过程中被弄脏的垃圾。虽然这份工作看起来很辛苦，但阿里说，与他之前在附近一家纺织厂叠床单的工作相比，这是一个很大的进步，工资要低得多。现在，如果他吃得简单，他可以从每小时1美元多一点的工资中省下钱，每月给2700英里外的巴基斯坦白沙瓦的父母和六个兄弟姐妹寄250美元。“我一听说这份工作，就找了份工作，”24岁的阿里说，他留着胡子，戴着眼镜，脸上带着轻松的微笑。尽管如此，他仍然每天工作12小时，每周工作7天。“如果我请一天假，我就会损失一天的工资，”他说)”可推知，作者对沙希德·阿里感到同情。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many products that consumers believe (and industries claim) are “recyclable" are in reality not, because of hard economics.(许多消费者相信(以及行业声称)的产品是“可回收的”，但由于经济原因，实际上并非如此)”可知，可回收产品并不是真正的回收最有可能导致全球废物回收的问题。故选C。 3.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The fact that the waste has traveled to this distant corner of the planet in the first place shows how badly the global recycling economy has failed to keep pace with humanity's plastics addiction.(垃圾从一开始就来到地球上这个遥远的角落，这一事实表明，全球循环经济无法跟上人类对塑料的依赖)”以及后文“About90% of the millions of tons of plastic the world produces every year will eventually end up not recycled, but burned, buried, or dumped.(全球每年生产的数百万吨塑料中，约有90%最终没有被回收利用，而是被焚烧、掩理或倾倒)”可知，全球循环经济无法跟上人类对塑料的依赖，因此这个系统已经失调了，不再正常运转，故划线词意思是“机能失调的”，与Out of order(不工作，损坏:指不能正常工作或使用)意思相近。故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据第三段“The fact that the waste has traveled to this distant corner of the planet in the first place shows how badly the global recycling economy has failed to keep pace with humanity's plastics addiction. This is an ecosystem that is deeply dysfunctional, if not on the point of collapse: About 90% of the millions of tons of plastic the world produces evcry year will eventually end up not recycled, but burned, buried, or dumped.(垃圾从一开始就来到地球上这个遥远的角落,这一事实表明,全球循环经济无法跟上人类对塑料的依赖。这是一个严重失调的生态系统，如果不是濒临崩溃:全球每年生产的数百万吨塑料中，约有90%最终不会被回收利用，而是被焚烧、掩埋或倾倒)”结合文章通过Shahid Ali捡垃圾为引入，说明了全球垃圾贸易基本上已经崩溃的事实。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是警告人们，全球垃圾贸易基本上已经破裂。故选B。 B Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Erest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work--these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different" and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A's on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 5. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to______________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D.indicate that he can't stand out from the flock 6. The author would most probably agree that ___________ A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C.being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 7. According to the passage, which individual's actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 8. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of___________ A. specific to general B. cause and effect C.examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast 【答案】5.C 6.B 7.B 8.D 【导语]本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是个人主义，个人主义有什么特点。 5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表与他在音乐表演方面的天赋形成对比。故选C。 6.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work-these people are the very soul of capitalism. (个性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些发明创造，即兴发挥，比别人更了解一个主题，并采取无效的东西，并使其发挥作用的人-这些人是资本主义的灵魂。)”可知，作者可能同意个人主义的本质在于追求卓越。故选B。 7.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity.(查尔斯·凯特林不喜欢用曲棍发动汽车，所以他发明了电动启动器。亨利·福特发明了装配线技术，使大规模生产汽车成为可能，而电梯的发明者伊莱沙·奥蒂斯间接地创造了城市的天际线。这些人明白，个人主义意味着尽自己最大的努力工作。)”可知，一个符合大众观点保持大量追随者的社交媒体影响者不能真正体现个人主义的本质。故选B。 8，推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. (那些有幸观看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一个相当普通的人，戴着无框眼镜，穿着保守的西装;但他们也看到了一个能演奏单簧管的人，在这之前和之后都没有人能做到。这使本尼·古德曼成为一个独特的个体。)”和第三段“It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still sec individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. (比别人做得更好让我们与众不同。然而，令人惊讶的是，仍有相当多的人认为个性只是表面现象。他们穿着花哨的衣服，把头发染成奇怪的颜色，用纹身装饰自己的皮肤，以表达某种社会声明。但是一个把头发染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不过是一个长着滑稽脑袋的人。)”可知，本文主要采用比较和对比的方式进行组织。故选D。 A “Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence." With that, in January 1997, the French coast guard transmitted its final message in Morse code. Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the cra of the Titanic. In near-instant time, the beeps could be decoded by Morse-code stations thousands of miles away. First used to send messages over land in 1844, Morse code outlived the telegraph age. But by the late 20th century, satellite radio was turning it into a dying language.In February1999, it officially ceased being the standard for maritime communication. Nestled within the Point ReyesNational Seashore,north of San Francisco,KPH Maritime Radio is the last operational Morse-code radio station in North America. The station -which consists of two buildings some 25 miles apart - once watched over the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It shut down in 1997, but a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life. The group has gotten slightly larger over the years, who call themselves the “radio squirrels". Every Saturday, they beep out maritime news and weather reports. Much of their communication is with the SS Jeremiah O'Brien, a World War Ⅱ-era ship permanently parked at a San Francisco pier. Last July, the photographer Ann Hermes visited these “radio squirrels” and stepped into their time machine. To send a message, they tapped each Morse-code letter into a gadget, generating a loud noise that repeated throughout the whole building. “It's almost like jazz," Hermes told me - a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping. Some of the machines date back to World War II. The “radio squirrels" do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units. Though many of the “radio squirrels” are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight. 9.What was Morse code used for in the era of the Titanic? A. Warning the coming of total silence. B. Sending a signal for help or rescue. C.Saving an endangered language. D. Setting a standard for communication. 10.What does the underlined phrase “radio squirrels"refer to? A. The former staff of KPH Maritime Radio Station. B. The crew of ship wreckage in San Francisco. C.Those particularly passionate about radio stuff. D. Those expert at playing instruments and jazz. 11. The Morse code machines can still be in good condition thanks to________________ A.the frequent use by the“squirrels" to beep out news B. the constant communication with experienced operators C. the repair and restore efforts made by the“squirrels" D. the protection and maintenance made by the U.S. Navy 12. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. Keep the “Jazz" Going B. The Last Call from Sea C.Volunteers of Point Rcyes D. A Farewell to Radio 【答案】9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 【导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了摩尔斯电码的用途、历史和复兴。 9.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the era of the Titanic.(从泰坦尼克号时代起，失事船只就通过无线电发出求救信号)”可知，在泰坦尼克号时代，摩尔斯电码被用来发送求救信号。故选B。 10.词句猜测题。根据划线短语前的“who call themselves”可知，radio squirrels 指代的是themselves，再根据句中的“The group has gotten slightly larger over the years”和前一句中的“a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life"可知，这个群体是一群无线电爱好者。故选C。 11.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The “radio squirrels” do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units.(“无线电松鼠”自己修理，并在eBay上搜索较新设备的更换部件)”可知，由于“无线电松鼠”的修理和修复工作，摩尔斯电码机器依然运转良好。故选C。 12.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的““It’s almost like jazz," Hermes told me - a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping.(Hermes 告诉我:“这几乎就像爵士乐。”这是一种有节奏的音乐，根据敲击者的不同，听起来可能略有不同)”和最后一段“Though many of the “radio squirrels" are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight.(尽管许多“无线电松鼠”已经退休或即将退休，但摩尔斯电码并没有完全灭绝:美国海军仍将其教给少数水手。此外，2017年，一名在海滩上摔断腿的英国男子在黑暗中用手电筒发出求救信号)”可知，本文主要介绍了摩尔斯电码的用途、历史和复兴，文中指出摩尔斯电码像爵士乐。由此可知，A项“让“爵士乐”继续下去”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 B Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit(GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. The GPU's ability to speed up complex tasks has since found wider uses: video editing, cryptocurrency mining and most recently, the training of artificial intelligence. AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most, argues Andreessen Horowitz, a venture-capital (VC) firm. Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in“Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to chumn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. Al represents an “explosion of opportunity”and could drastically change the landscape of game development. Making a game is already easier than it was: nearly 13,000 titles were published last year on Steam, a games platform, almost double the number in 2017. Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. Last month Raja Koduri, an executive at Intel, left the chip maker to found an AI-gaming startup. Don't count the big studios out, though. If they can release half a dozen high-quality titles a year instead of a couple, it might chip away at the hit-driven nature of their business, says Josh Chapman of Konvoy, a gaming focused VC firm. A world of more choices also favors those with big marketing budgets. And the giants may have better answers to the mounting copyright questions around AL. If generative models have to be trained on data to which the developer has the rights, those with big back-catalogues will be better placed than startups. Trent Kaniuga, an artist who has worked on games like “Fortnite", said last month that several clients had updated their contracts to ban AI-generated art. If the lawyers don't intervene, unions might. Studios diplomatically refer to AI assistants as “co-pilots", not replacements for humans. 13.The original purpose behind the invention of the graphics-processing unit (GPU) was to _____. A. speed up complex tasks in video editing and cryptocurrency mining B. assist in the developing and training of artificial intelligence C. disrupt the industry and create new outputs using generative AI D. offload game visual tasks from the central processor 14. How might the rise of AI-gaming startups affect the development of the gaming industry? A. It contributes to the growth of user-generated content. B. It facilitates blockbuster dependency on big studios. C. It decreases collaboration between different stakeholders in the industry. D. It may help to consolidate the gaming market under major corporations. 15. What can be inferred about the role of artificial intelligence in gaming? A. Al favors the businesses with small marketing budgets. B. AI is expected to simplify game development processes. C.AI allows startups to gain an edge over big firms with authorized data. D. Al assistants may serve as human substitutes for studios. 16.What is this passage mainly about? A. The evolution of graphics-processing units (GPUs). B. The impact of generative Al on the gaming industry. C. The societal significance of graphics-processing units (GPUs). D. The challenges generative AI presents to gaming studios. 【答案】13.D 14.A 15.B 16.B 【导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能对游戏产业带来的影响,人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，可以被用来创造新的游戏内容，并且可能改变游戏开发的格局。小型公司可能会更快地意识到人工智能可能带来的新机遇，但大型工作室也能够利用人工智能技术来增强他们的业务。 13.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers' central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit (GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. (在屏幕上高速抛出色彩鲜艳的物体并不是计算机中央处理器的设计目的。因此，大型机台制造商发明了图形处理器(GPU),这是一组电路，可以在中央处理器完成工作的同时处理视频游戏的视觉效果)”可知，发明图形处理器最初的目的是将游戏视觉任务从中央处理器中转移出来。故选D项。 14.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AL.(游戏行业可能很快就会像音乐和视频行业一样，Spotify或YouTube上的大多数新内容都是用户生成的。一位游戏行业高管预测，小型公司将最快发现人工智能可能带来的新类型)”可知，人工智能游戏初创公司的崛起可能会促进用户生成内容的增长。故选A项。 15.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI.which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. (娱乐的每个部分都将受到生成式人工智能的影响，它可以消化文本、图像、音频或视频的输入,以创造相同的新输出)”和“Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in“Red Dead Redemption 2*, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to chum it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets.(游戏的互动性要求它们充满精心设计的内容:想想最近的牛仔冒险游戏《荒野大镖客2》中30平方英里的风景或60小时的音乐。招募人工智能助手来制作它可以大大缩短时间和预算)”可推知，游戏领域的人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，节省大量的的时间和投入。故选B项。 16.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most(人工智能现在正在颠覆帮助它诞生的行业。娱乐的每个部分都将受到生成式人工智能的影响，它可以消化文本、图像、音频或视频的输入，以创造相同的新输出。但变化最大的将是游戏行业)”可知，文章主要围绕生成式人工智能对游戏行业的影响展开，介绍了人工智能有望简化游戏开发过程，可以被用来创造新的游戏内容，并且可能改变游戏开发的格局。小型公司可能会更快地意识到人工智能可能带来的新机遇，但大型工作室也能够利用人工智能技术来增强他们的业务。故选B项。 A From Marie Tussaud's Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland's Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body's response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body 's reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance -that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current - that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear(on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Labat Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House.The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy", a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher's apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People's fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced "just right". 17. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about _____________ A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body ’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 18. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 19.What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C.Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 20. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that________ . A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study 's findings D.fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions 【答案】17.A 18.C 19. A 20.D 【导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响，一项研究发现，在鬼屋景点里，身边有朋友可能会导致人更加紧张。另一项研究发现，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生。 17.细节理解题。根据第二段中“These attractions turn out to bc good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body 's response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible.(事实证明，这些景点是研究恐惧的好地方。它们帮助科学家了解身体对恐惧的反应，以及我们如何将某些情况视为令人愉快的刺激，而另一些情况则是真正可怕的)”可知，研究鬼屋景点帮助科学家了解恐惧对个体的心理影响。故选A项。 18.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body 's reactions to stress and other situations.(目前在墨尔本大学工作的心理学家、研究报告的合著者Sarah Tashjian和她的团队对156名成年人进行了研究，在参观期间他们每人都戴上了无线手腕传感器。传感器测量皮肤对压力和其他情况的反应)”可知，Sarah Tashjian和她的团队通过使用无线手腕传感器对鬼屋体验进行了研究。故选C项。 19.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. (Tashjian和她的同事进一步发现，与朋友在一起时，生理上的刺激水平会增加，这与更强烈的恐惧感有关)”可知，Tashjian和她的同事发现和朋友在一起会提高生理刺激水平。故选A项。 20.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”. (结果表明，当生理刺激“恰到好处”地平衡时，恐惧和快乐可以同时发生)”可知，这项2020年的研究表明恐惧和快乐在一定条件下可以共存。故选D项。 B The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the din, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than digging about in the undergrowth looking for tracks. But such “bio-acoustic analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. In a paper published on October 17th in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work. The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller. Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. 21. Which of the following best describes Dr Müller’s method of bio-acoustic analysis? A. Costly. B. Impractical. C. High-tech. D. Labor-consuming. 22. What can we learn from the research of Dr Müller? A. The species in the rainforests have increased. B. Agricultural activity negatively influenced the richness in species. C. There are more reliable sound recordings in Ecuadorean rainforest. D. Trained AI models can identify as many kinds of sounds as experts. 23. Why did the Dr Müller and his colleagues do the survey in Paragraph 5? A. To figure out the species of quieter animals. B. To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. C. To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. D. To compare the noisy animals and the quieter ones. 24. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The investment in bio-acoustic analysis. B. The importance of forest restoration projects. C. The standard to measure the automated approach. D. The research’s impact on forest restoration projects. 【答案】21. C    22. B    23. B    24. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发明了让计算机来进行动物声音识别的工作，解释了其工作原理以及应用情况。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“In a paper published on October 17th in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. (在10月17日发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一篇论文中，由维尔茨堡大学的生态学家Jörg Müller领导的一组研究人员描述了一种更好的方法：让计算机来完成这项工作。)”可知，Jörg Müller博士的生物声学分析方法运用了高科技。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. (正如预期的那样，土地远离农业活动的时间越长，它所承载的生物多样性就越大。)”可知，农业活动对物种丰富度产生了负面影响。故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段“Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy(指标)for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. (当然，不是雨林里的所有东西都会发出声音。Jörg Müller博士和他的同事们用捕光器捕捉夜间飞行的昆虫，并通过DNA分析来识别它们。令人欣慰的是，他们发现吵闹动物的多样性也是安静动物多样性的可靠代表。)”可知，Jörg Müller博士和他的同事做第5段的调查是为了确认安静动物的生物多样性。故选B。 【24题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. (研究结果可能也与生态部门以外的部门有关。在客户的压力下，化妆品公司欧莱雅和石油公司壳牌等公司已经在世界各地的森林恢复项目上投入了资金。Jörg Müller博士希望一种自动检查结果的方法可以帮助监督这些努力，并提供一种标准化的方法来衡量它们是否像赞助者所说的那样有效。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了该研究对森林恢复项目的影响。故选D。 2021年新高考I卷 When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【答案】1. A 2. C    3. D    4. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 【1题】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。 【2题】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。 【3题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。 【4题】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。 2021年新高考I卷 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 1. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 2. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 【答案】 1. D 2. B    3. A    4. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。 【1题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。 【2题】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。 【3题】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。 【4题】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业06 阅读理解之说明文 说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上看，说明文总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结构形式是“一正一反”)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。 1、研究报告类 研究报告说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，研究结果及意义——主旨大意/最佳标题 接着，研究过程及方法——细节理解/推断 接着，对结论进一步阐述——细节理解/推断/说明方法 最后，专家评议（局限或前景）——细节理解/推断情感态度 2、社会现象类 社会现象类说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，提出现象——写作目的 接着，分析原因——细节理解 接着，说明造成影响——细节理解 最后，提出解决问题的措施、建议、看法——细节理解 3、新方法类 新方法类说明文语篇结构一般是： 首先，介绍新方法——细节理解 接着，分析产生原因——细节理解 接着，介绍原理——细节理解 接着，分析优缺点——细节理解 最后，评价、前景——观点态度/细节理解 A THE GLOBAL WASTE TRADE IS ESSENTIALLY BROKEN Cut into hillside in northern Malaysia stands a large, open-air warehouse. This is a recycling factory, which opened last November. On a very hot afternoon in January, Shahid Ali was working his very first week on the job. He stood knee-deep in soggy, white bits of plastic. Around him, more bits floated of the conveyor belt and fell to the ground like snowflakes. Hour after hour, Ali sorts through the plastic jumble moving down the belt, picking out pieces that look off-color or soiled-rejects (废品) in the recycling process. Though it looks like backbreaking work, Ali says it is a great improvement over his previous job, folding bed-sheets in a nearby textile factory, for much lower pay. Now, if he cats simply, he can save money from his wages of just over $1 an hour and send $250 a month to his parents and six brothers and sisters in Peshawar, Pakistan, 2,700 miles away, “As soon as I heard about this work, I asked for a job," says Ali, 24, a bearded man with glasses and an easy smile. Still, he's working 12 hours a day, seven days a week. “If I take a day off, I lose a day 's wages," he says. In the warehouse, hundreds of bags are stacked more than 60 feet high-each stuffed with plastic wrappers and bags thrown away weeks earlier by their original users in California. The fact that the waste has traveled to this distant corner of the planet in the first place shows how badly the global recycling economy has failed to keep pace with humanity 's plastics addiction. This is an ecosystem that is deeply dysfunctional, if not on the point of collapse: About 90% of the millions of tons of plastic the world produces every year will eventually end up not recycled, but burned, buried, or dumped. Plastic recycling enjoys ever-wider support among consumers: Putting yogurt containers and juice bottles in a blue bin is an eco-friendly act of faith in millions of households. But faith goes only so far. The tidal wave of plastic items that enters the recycling stream each year is increasingly likely to fall right back out again, casualties of a broken market. Many products that consumers believe (and industries claim) are “recyclable" are in reality not, because of hard economics. With oil and gas prices near 20-ycar lows, so-called virgin plastic, a product of petroleum feed-stocks, is now far cheaper and easier to obtain than recycled material. That unforeseen shift has yanked the financial rug out from under what was until recently a practical recycling industry. “The global waste trade is essentially broken," says the head of the global plastics campaign at Greenpeace. “We are sitting on vast amounts of plastic with nowhere to send it and nothing to do with it.” 1. What is the author's attitude towards Shahid Ali? A. Critical. B. Merciless. C.Indifferent. D. Sympathetic. 2. What most probably causes the problem of global waste recycling? A.The prices of oil and gas have been increasing. B. Tons of wastes travel so far before being recycled. C.Recyclable products are not really recycled. D. Governments don't support the recycling industry. 3. What does the italicized word “dysfunctional” mean in the passage? A. Out of stock. B. Far from pleased. C. Full of energy. D. Out of order. 4. What is the author's purpose of writing this article? A. To illustrate how plastic waste has been recycled in the world. B. To warn people that the global waste trade is essentially broken. C. To analyze the relationship between consumers and factories. D. To solve the conflict between the recycling industry and governments. B Those who had the pleasure of watching Benny Goodman at work saw a rather ordinary-looking man in rimless glasses and a conservative business suit; but they also saw a human being who could play the clarinet(单簧管) like no one before or since. This made Benny Goodman a unique individual. Other Americans who have stood out from the flock include Joe DiMaggio, Beverly Sill, Erest Hemingway and Jonas Salk. They, like Benny Goodman, were recognized and honored for no other reason than excellence. It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear garish clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement. But an ordinary guy who has dyed his hair purple or orange is nothing more than the same person with a funny-looking head. The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. Those who invent, who improvise(即兴发挥), who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work--these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city sky-line. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one's capacity. The ones with the purple hair and the funky jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different" and not knowing how to go about it. The student who earns straight A's on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who gives piano recitals, who paints pictures of the world around him. Benny Goodman understood it too. This is why he was at his best, blowing his clarinet, in a blue suit and black shoes. 5. The author mentions the appearance of Benny Goodman to______________. A. show what a talented musician should look like B. introduce an important figure in the musical world C. contrast with his talent in music performance D.indicate that he can't stand out from the flock 6. The author would most probably agree that ___________ A. an individualist tends to seek difference both in character and appearance B. the essence of individualism lies in pursuing excellence to the full C.being different in appearance is the very first step to being individual D. those who strive to win the recognition of others are real individualists 7. According to the passage, which individual's actions may not truly embody the essence of individualism? A. A scientist who conducts research solely advancing knowledge for the greater good rather than for personal recognition. B. A social media influencer who conforms to popular opinions to maintain a large following. C. An artist who creates unique works but fail to gain fame and recognition from others. D. An entrepreneur who prioritizes ethical considerations over profit in his business practices. 8. For the main thread, the article is organized by way of___________ A. specific to general B. cause and effect C.examples and conclusion D. comparison and contrast A “Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence." With that, in January 1997, the French coast guard transmitted its final message in Morse code. Wrecked ships had radioed out SOS signals from the cra of the Titanic. In near-instant time, the beeps could be decoded by Morse-code stations thousands of miles away. First used to send messages over land in 1844, Morse code outlived the telegraph age. But by the late 20th century, satellite radio was turning it into a dying language.In February1999, it officially ceased being the standard for maritime communication. Nestled within the Point ReyesNational Seashore,north of San Francisco,KPH Maritime Radio is the last operational Morse-code radio station in North America. The station -which consists of two buildings some 25 miles apart - once watched over the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It shut down in 1997, but a few years later, a couple of radio enthusiasts brought it back to life. The group has gotten slightly larger over the years, who call themselves the “radio squirrels". Every Saturday, they beep out maritime news and weather reports. Much of their communication is with the SS Jeremiah O'Brien, a World War Ⅱ-era ship permanently parked at a San Francisco pier. Last July, the photographer Ann Hermes visited these “radio squirrels” and stepped into their time machine. To send a message, they tapped each Morse-code letter into a gadget, generating a loud noise that repeated throughout the whole building. “It's almost like jazz," Hermes told me - a music of rhythm and timing that can sound slightly different depending on who is doing the tapping. Some of the machines date back to World War II. The “radio squirrels" do their own repairs, and search eBay for replacement parts on the newer units. Though many of the “radio squirrels” are retired or nearing retirement, Morse code is not quite extinct: The U.S. Navy still teaches it to a few sailors. Besides, in 2017, a British man who had broken his leg on a beach used it to signal for help in the dark with a flashlight. 9.What was Morse code used for in the era of the Titanic? A. Warning the coming of total silence. B. Sending a signal for help or rescue. C.Saving an endangered language. D. Setting a standard for communication. 10.What does the underlined phrase “radio squirrels"refer to? A. The former staff of KPH Maritime Radio Station. B. The crew of ship wreckage in San Francisco. C.Those particularly passionate about radio stuff. D. Those expert at playing instruments and jazz. 11. The Morse code machines can still be in good condition thanks to________________ A.the frequent use by the“squirrels" to beep out news B. the constant communication with experienced operators C. the repair and restore efforts made by the“squirrels" D. the protection and maintenance made by the U.S. Navy 12. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A. Keep the “Jazz" Going B. The Last Call from Sea C.Volunteers of Point Rcyes D. A Farewell to Radio B Flinging brightly coloured objects around a screen at high speed is not what computers’ central processing units were designed for. So manufacturers of arcade machines invented the graphics-processing unit(GPU), a set of circuits to handle video games’ visuals in parallel to the work done by the central processor. The GPU's ability to speed up complex tasks has since found wider uses: video editing, cryptocurrency mining and most recently, the training of artificial intelligence. AI is now disrupting the industry that helped bring it into being. Every part of entertainment stands to be affected by generative AI, which digests inputs of text, image, audio or video to create new outputs of the same. But the games business will change the most, argues Andreessen Horowitz, a venture-capital (VC) firm. Games interactivity requires them to be stuffed with laboriously designed content: consider the 30 square miles of landscape or 60 hours of music in“Red Dead Redemption 2”, a recent cowboy adventure. Enlisting AI assistants to chumn it out could drastically shrink timescales and budgets. Al represents an “explosion of opportunity”and could drastically change the landscape of game development. Making a game is already easier than it was: nearly 13,000 titles were published last year on Steam, a games platform, almost double the number in 2017. Gaming may soon resemble the music and video industries in which most new content on Spotify or YouTube is user-generated. One games executive predicts that small firms will be the quickest to work out what new genres are made possible by AI. Last month Raja Koduri, an executive at Intel, left the chip maker to found an AI-gaming startup. Don't count the big studios out, though. If they can release half a dozen high-quality titles a year instead of a couple, it might chip away at the hit-driven nature of their business, says Josh Chapman of Konvoy, a gaming focused VC firm. A world of more choices also favors those with big marketing budgets. And the giants may have better answers to the mounting copyright questions around AL. If generative models have to be trained on data to which the developer has the rights, those with big back-catalogues will be better placed than startups. Trent Kaniuga, an artist who has worked on games like “Fortnite", said last month that several clients had updated their contracts to ban AI-generated art. If the lawyers don't intervene, unions might. Studios diplomatically refer to AI assistants as “co-pilots", not replacements for humans. 13.The original purpose behind the invention of the graphics-processing unit (GPU) was to _____. A. speed up complex tasks in video editing and cryptocurrency mining B. assist in the developing and training of artificial intelligence C. disrupt the industry and create new outputs using generative AI D. offload game visual tasks from the central processor 14. How might the rise of AI-gaming startups affect the development of the gaming industry? A. It contributes to the growth of user-generated content. B. It facilitates blockbuster dependency on big studios. C. It decreases collaboration between different stakeholders in the industry. D. It may help to consolidate the gaming market under major corporations. 15. What can be inferred about the role of artificial intelligence in gaming? A. Al favors the businesses with small marketing budgets. B. AI is expected to simplify game development processes. C.AI allows startups to gain an edge over big firms with authorized data. D. Al assistants may serve as human substitutes for studios. 16.What is this passage mainly about? A. The evolution of graphics-processing units (GPUs). B. The impact of generative Al on the gaming industry. C. The societal significance of graphics-processing units (GPUs). D. The challenges generative AI presents to gaming studios. A From Marie Tussaud's Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland's Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years. These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body's response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so. Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body 's reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance -that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current - that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear(on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt. The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers. Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Labat Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House.The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy", a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher's apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People's fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced "just right". 17. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about _____________ A. the psychological effects of fear on individuals B. the history of horror-themed entertainment C. the body ’s response to material rewards D. the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment 18. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences? A. By surveying participants. B. By analyzing historical records. C. By employing wireless wrist sensors. D. By using virtual reality simulations. 19.What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study? A. Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal. B. The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers. C.Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright. D. Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses. 20. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that________ . A. fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time B. large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment C. the age of the participants was not related to the study 's findings D.fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions B The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides the pleasure of the din, it is also useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than digging about in the undergrowth looking for tracks. But such “bio-acoustic analysis” is still time-consuming, and it requires an expert pair of ears. In a paper published on October 17th in Nature Communications, a group of researchers led by Jörg Müller, an ecologist at the University of Würzburg, describe a better way: have a computer do the job. Smartphone apps already exist that will identify birds, bats or mammals simply by listening to the sounds they make. Their idea was to apply the principle to conservation work. The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest. Sound recordings were taken four times every hour, over two weeks. The various calls were identified manually by an expert, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted. Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to artificial-intelligence models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species from their calls. “We found that the AI tools could identify the sounds as well as the experts,” says Dr Müller. Of course, not everything in a rainforest makes a noise. Dr Müller and his colleagues used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, they found that the diversity of noisy animals was a reliable proxy (指标) for the diversity of the quieter ones, too. The results may have relevance outside ecology departments, too. Under pressure from their customers, firms such as L’Oreal, a make-up company, and Shell, an oil firm, have been spending money on forest restoration projects around the world. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardized way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say. 21. Which of the following best describes Dr Müller’s method of bio-acoustic analysis? A. Costly. B. Impractical. C. High-tech. D. Labor-consuming. 22. What can we learn from the research of Dr Müller? A. The species in the rainforests have increased. B. Agricultural activity negatively influenced the richness in species. C. There are more reliable sound recordings in Ecuadorean rainforest. D. Trained AI models can identify as many kinds of sounds as experts. 23. Why did the Dr Müller and his colleagues do the survey in Paragraph 5? A. To figure out the species of quieter animals. B. To confirm the biodiversity of the quieter animals. C. To emphasize the biodiversity of the noisy animals. D. To compare the noisy animals and the quieter ones. 24. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The investment in bio-acoustic analysis. B. The importance of forest restoration projects. C. The standard to measure the automated approach. D. The research’s impact on forest restoration projects. 2021年新高考I卷 When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 2021年新高考I卷 Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence. We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 1. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence? A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind. C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 2. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2? A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction. 3. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence? A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives. 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