内容正文:
新牛津译林版高中英语
选择性必修一
Unit1-Unit4
Grammar and usage
Grammar 1
动词不定式的功能
Road to Grammar
1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作主语。动词不定式具有名词特征,可充当主语。(做主语时谓语动词用单数形式)
如:To cook Chinese food is not easy.
动词不定式作主语
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
To say is one thing and to do is another.
说是一回事,做又是另一回事。
注意:单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;两个及以上不定式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但作为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
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动词不定式作主语
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注:单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;两个及以上不定式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但作为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。
Where to go on a holiday and when to go for the holiday
(decide).
到哪里去,何时去度假还没有决定。
Where and when to go on a holiday____________________(decide).
have not been decided
has not been decided
动词不定式作主语
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动词不定式句子的主语时可以用形式主语it代替,将不定式置于句末,平衡句子结构。
It is a shame to litter.乱扔垃圾可耻
it 作为形式主语时,常见句型。
It + be +adj. + ( for sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰物)
It + be +adj. + ( of sb) to do sth ( adj 修饰人)
It + be + n. + to do sth
It takes/ took/ will take sb some time/money to do sth
动词不定式作主语
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动词不定式句子的主语时, 若其后面需要用动词作表语时,则作表语的动词也最好使用不定式形式,保持形式一致 (to do is to do)
To save me is to save yourself.救我也是救你自己。
动词不定式句子的主语时, 会有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honor for me to be invited here today.
今天我很荣幸被邀请到这里。
Her birthday party is to be held next Friday.
她的生日将于下周五举行。
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1. 动词不定式做表语直接用在系动词之后,起解释说明的作用,其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, intension, plan, purpose, task, way, wish等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
Her wish is to be a teacher.她的愿望是当一名教师。
2. 动词不定式做表语用在 seem, appear, remain, prove, turn out 等之后:
Several problems remain to be settled.
有几个问题有待解决。
The duty of soldiers is to defend their country.
军人的职责是保卫祖国。
动词不定式作表语
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3. 用于表达想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。如:
We are to meet at the station at there. ( 表约定)
How are we to convince him? (表可能性)
You are to come when I call. (表命令)
The question is how to carry out the plan.
问题是如何实施这项计划。
4. “疑问词+不定式”也可以用作表语
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动词不定式作表语
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注意:动词不定式作表语时,在结构上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame.
她应该收到责备。
The house is to rent.
此房出租。
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动词不定式作表语
5. 当All 或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词 do (以及do的其他形式时, 作表语的不定式通常要省略to, 即“前有do, 后无to”
All