专题04 阅读理解之说明文-【好题汇编】2024年中考英语二模试题分类汇编（江苏专用）

专题04 阅读理解之说明文 序号 来源 内容 1 2024·江苏扬州·二模 介绍了科学家通过研究发现，在厨房里很常见的啤酒和鸡蛋被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。 2 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了北斗卫星导航系统。 3 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了冥想对大脑的好处。 4 2024·江苏泰州·二模 介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 5 2024·江苏盐城·二模 讲述了飞行汽车的未来。 6 2024·江苏连云港·二模 讲述了中国人在风筝制作和飞行方面的悠久历史和重要贡献，这些技术不仅用于娱乐和日常生活，还启发了后来的航空技术发展，对现代飞行器的设计产生了深远影响。 7 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了跳舞机器人的相关情况。 8 2024·江苏盐城·二模 介绍了人们在饥饿时容易发怒的原因，以及这种现象对人们日常生活的影响和人们的处理方法。 9 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了新质生产力是什么，包括了什么及发展新质生产力的原因。 10 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出来的方法。 11 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了童年记忆的特点以及影响童年记忆的因素。 12 2024·江苏泰州·二模 讲述了郑州外国语学校的一名优秀毕业生分享了一些快速有趣的记忆英语单词的方法。 01 （2024·江苏扬州·二模）Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve (保存) Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what ancient paint was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science Advances, grains (谷物) and yeast (醇母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the yolk’s proteins helped slow the oxidation (氧化) of the paint. It could also reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists—they were willing to accept to have their work preserved for longer. “The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate (欣赏) what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 1．Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A．To help the colors stick better. B．To keep the paintings clean. C．To make the paintings more colorful. D．To give the painting a different feel. 2．What does the underlined word “cracked” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．kept. B．shared. C．discovered. D．explored. 3．How could egg yolk proteins change the paint? A．The paint could age faster. B．The paint could dry more quickly. C．The paint’s colors could be nicer. D．The paint could feel smoother. 4．From Sutherland’s words, we can know that ________ A．it’s easy to appreciate artworks in the right methods B．it’s important to understand the minds of artists C．it’s hard to research early artworks D．it’s necessary to help people understand artworks 02 （2024·江苏无锡·二模）Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Bigger Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off, ” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations. “Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G + BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 5．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 6．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centre of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 7．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was praised highly by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 8．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system 03 （2024·江苏无锡·二模） Meditation is one kind of exercise in controlling attention. Meditators use some practices, like keeping focus on breathing, to strengthen the ability to take control over what their minds are doing. While meditations have long experienced its benefits, science only recently discovered that the mental effort of meditation is good exercise for the brain. Meditation has much to do with cognition, a term to describe the thought processes inside our heads (like focusing, making decisions, and remembering) that allow us to understand the world. Meditators are really good at using several cognitive abilities to stay focused. When they learn that their minds wander (走神), they quickly bring their attention back, which is like doing a mental push-up. All these mental push-ups end up strengthening their ability to change their thoughts based on what they are doing right now, like changing from doing math to reading when they go to different classes. Groups of brain areas that communicate are called brain networks, and the health of the brain depends on the ability of brain networks to communicate well. Science has shown that meditation can improve sustained attention, which is how well a person can keep their attention on something hard for a long time. Scientists can measure improvements in sustained attention by looking for increases in certain brain waves, using EEG (脑电图). It proves that meditation can make the brain areas involved in attention communicate with each other more easily. Meditation can even change the way that meditators’ brain networks communicate, by bringing new, helpful brain areas into the conversation or getting rid of a brain area that is too loud and distracting. These changes take a long time and a lot of work. People need to make meditation a habit and guidance from a teacher can be helpful. Yet, not everyone can afford a personal teacher. That’s where technology steps in. Scientists have made apps that provide tips and help people meditate at their own levels. While some digital meditation apps have been carefully studied by scientists, some need to be tested. So, it is important to be careful at first about whether an app really works. 9．According to the passage, when people meditate, they ________. A．try to control their focus B．focus on what goes around C．make important decisions D．develop the ability to communicate 10．Which word has the closest meaning to sustained? A．hard B．clever C．lasting D．healthy 11．What can we learn about the brain networks? A．They are made up of groups of brains. B．The more brain networks, the healthier we will be. C．They can be improved by using EGG. D．They will be changed after meditating. 12．The following paragraph can best go after ________. As a result, meditators get better at focusing their attention away from negative thoughts and feelings and put themselves into a good mood. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 04 （2024·江苏泰州·二模）①Imagine this: when you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato, suddenly it starts to cry! This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed. ②Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes. ③Three groups of plants were listened to: One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off, and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Hadany from the team told CNN. ④The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles (泡) in the plants. This meant the noise produced by the plants was not on purpose. ⑤Animals and insects may benefit (受益) from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus. ⑥After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as rice, corn and grapes, and found they also made more sounds when stressed. Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by “hearing” how plants feel. 13．According to the experiment, we know that _______. A．the plants produced the noise on purpose B．the plants which had the stems cut off were very quiet C．air bubbles in the plants broke and made the noise D．the untouched group made more sounds than the other two groups 14．How can animals and insects benefit from the sound of plants? A．To communicate by themselves. B．To break the air bubbles. C．To listen to other plants. D．To make right decisions. 15．The study may help farmers to _______ in the future. A．improve the growth of plants B．protect the environment C．tell the weather D．decide what to plant 16．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①|②③④|⑤⑥ B．①②|③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④|⑤⑥ D．①②③|④⑤|⑥ 17．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Plants that make sounds are tasty. B．Plants can show feelings by sounds. C．Researchers listen to plants. D．Animals benefit from the sounds. 05 （2024·江苏盐城·二模） ①That future is almost here. “I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster,” said Sebastian Thrun in 2021. At that time, his young company Kitty Hawk Corporation was working on developing a flying car known as eVTOL, or Electronic Vertical Take-Off and Landing vehicle (车辆). ②Flying to work or school sounds unbelievable. Not only is it fun to fly, but “there would never be traffic again, because the sky is very, very large,” says Thrun. He also thinks eVTOLs could be greener than common cars. “We go much faster, we go in a straight line, we fly on less energy.” he says. ③So far, though, flying cars haven’t taken off as a product. Will their day come? There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride. The main problem with flying cars is safety. Accidents in the air are dangerous to both the passengers and anyone on the ground beneath. To make eVTOLs safer, many developers are aiming to make them self-flying—no human pilot required. ④Another problem is space. Most aircraft need long runways to take off and land. Lifting straight up and down like a helicopter solves this problem. But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing. Finding places to put these could be tricky, especially in crowded cities. But maybe some could go on top of buildings. ⑤What do you think? Would you enjoy riding to school or visiting a friend in a self-flying taxi? Are flying cars a good idea, or should we find other ways to get around in the near future? 18．What is Sebastian Thrun’s opinion about the future of flying cars? A．He thinks it could hardly happen. B．He thinks it will happen in the next century. C．He is not sure about the future of flying cars. D．He believes it will happen in ten years or faster. 19．Why are some companies developing flying cars as air taxis? A．To make them cheaper. B．To solve safety problems. C．To provide rides for people. D．To compete with common cars. 20．What is the possible structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1 ②= Para. 2...) A． B． C． D． 21．What is probably the best title of the passage? A．Will Future Flying Cars Need Drivers? B．Is a Flying Car Your Dream Car? C．The Exciting World of Electric Taxis D．The History of Air Travel Technologies 06 （2024·江苏连云港·二模）①700 years before the Wright brothers began experimenting with human flight, the Chinese had already got its secrets—with kites. ②Kites may have been invented in China as early as 500 B．C．E. While some kites were flown for fun, other kites provided key technologies for daily life. Chinese fishermen used kites to carry their lines far out to sea. Sailors used them to take a measurement of the wind. ③The Chinese craftsmen were very clever! They made their kites from bamboo and silk, and they came in all kinds of cool shapes, like 80-foot-long dragons. These kites showed off ancient China’s great technology. Their wings and tails could even move! As Chinese engineers experimented to make the kites fly even higher, they discovered the science of aerodynamics (空气动力学). They made the wings of their kites work like airfoils (机翼)—the same design used in modern planes. ④And the man-carriers were the most amazing Chinese kites. Ancient Chinese people may have made them a common sight by the 1200s. The kites were much larger than a small airplane. They were made from strong bamboo poles tied together and then covered with silk. During wars, Chinese scouts used man-carrying kites to fly high in the sky and spy on their enemies—similar to modern spy planes. ⑤In the late 1200s, the Italian businessman and explorer Marco Polo was amazed by what he saw in China, and he wrote a detailed description. When he returned to Italy, most people refused to believe him. They could not imagine that a person could fly. ⑥Centuries passed before Europeans learned the secrets—often by flying kites imported from China. In 1804, an English engineer, Sir George Cayley, built the first model airplanes. He used kites to make the wings. About 100 years later, American inventors, including the Wright brothers, also found ideas for their flight experiments by flying kites first. 22．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．How people made kites. B．When kites were invented. C．What kites were used for. D．Where kites were invented. 23．Why are modern planes mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To describe the popularity of ancient Chinese kites. B．To get readers to learn about the history of Chinese kites. C．To show the excellent skills of kite making in ancient China. D．To tell the differences between modern planes and Chinese kites. 24．Which is the correct order of the following events? a. Sir George Cayley built the first model planes. b. Ancient Chinese made large man-carrying kites. c. Marco Polo told Italians about Chinese amazing kites. d. The Wright brothers did flight experiments by flying kites first. A．b-c-d-a B．b-c-a-d C．c-d-a-b D．c-b-a-d 25．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 07 （2024·江苏无锡·二模） We are getting used to having robots in our homes, stores, and factories. What about on stage? In fact, the word robot comes from a 1920 science-fiction play. In Rossum’s Universal Robots, people performed as the machine-like creatures. Recently, some directors and artists have invited actual robots to share the stage in dances and other performances. Catie Cuan is one of them. “Robots are for everyone,” she says. Cuan began her career as a dancer and choreographer — a person who maps out the movements of dancers. But she fell in love with robots and has pioneered a new field called robot choreography (编舞). Today, she’s studying robotics at Stanford University in Northern California. You might imagine robots would dance like machines. After all, that’s how the popular dance “the robot” looks. Most robots today, however, can move in a more life-like manner. It takes time and effort to program robots to do the movements Cuan wants. But the results, she says, “will surprise you.” At first, Cuan knew little about robot choreography. In 2022, she wrote, choreographed and performed the stage show In Her Prime. She danced with two other women and two Boston Dynamics spot robots. In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience (观众) only saw their shadows. Cuan says that cave paintings inspired her. In the media, Cuan says, “Robots are often described negatively (负面地).” They may seem alien, cold, or scary. Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead. Sometimes after her performances, audience tell her that the dance changes the way they think about robots. Robots may seem like they’re all about maths and engineering. But, as Cuan suggests, they belong in art, too. “We as humans have been making art a lot longer than we’ve been doing maths,” she says. She points out that we use art and dance to make sense of the world. Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. “We need to dance with robots to make sense of them,” she says. 26．Why did Catie Cuan use a screen in her dance In Her Prime with robots? A．To show the robots’ shadows. B．To display cave paintings. C．To hide the robots’ movements. D．To catch the attention of the audience. 27．Which one has the closest meaning to “inspired her”? A．offered her chances B．brought her success C．sent her messages D．gave her ideas 28．The following sentences would best be placed at the beginning of ________. This is only one of many dances Cuan has performed with robots. Her goal is to show people new ways to relate to these machines. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 29．What can we learn from the article? A．The word robot comes from In Her Prime. B．Dancing with robots can help us understand them better. C．The audience will develop an interest in robotics engineering. D．Some students in Stanford University enjoy studying robotics. 08 （2024·江苏盐城·二模）Have you ever been angry at someone when you were hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry (饿怒)”—some people get angry easily as they are hungry. The reason for this lies in what happens inside your body when it needs food. Everything you eat would be changed into different kinds of nutrients (营养物) in your body. These nutrients would enter your blood and be passed to every part of your body and be used for creating energy. As time passes after your last meal, these nutrients in your blood drop. Also, your blood glucose (血糖) drops. Unlike other parts in your body, your brain totally depends on blood glucose to do its job. You’ve probably already noticed that simple things can become difficult when you are hungry and your blood glucose levels drop. You may find it hard to pay attention. For example, you may make silly mistakes in your study and homework. You might also have noticed that you can’t even speak clearly when you’re too hungry. Another thing that happens when you’re hungry is behaving impolitely and can’t control yourself, such as snapping at others. In that case, even though you may already try your best to avoid conflict (冲突) with important friends, you may still be too angry to control yourself when you are staying with the people you are most relaxed with. That’s why you may find yourself being impatient with your parents or friends. So what should we do to avoid being hangry? The easiest way is to eat something before you get too hungry. The best choice is to have some nutrient-rich and natural foods that help deal with hunger quickly and can be kept in your body as long as possible, but not fast food. The final way is to suggest that difficult situations should be dealt with after a meal, not before. 30．”Hangry” usually happens when ________. A．the body needs food. B．nutrients enter your body. C．the blood glucose levels drop. D．it’s hard for you to pay attention. 31．What does the underlined words “snapping at” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．laughing at B．shouting at C．pointing at D．looking at 32．Which of the following is a proper way to deal with hunger? A．Eating something after you get too hungry. B．Staying with people you are most relaxed with. C．Dealing with difficult situations after meals. D．Eating a little junk food before you are hungry. 33．Who is the passage written for? A．Doctors. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Students. 09 （2024·江苏南通·二模）Every year, China holds an important meeting known as the “Two Sessions”, where leaders and representatives gather to discuss and plan the country’s future. One of the key topics often brought up is the development of new quality productivity. But what exactly does this mean, and why is it so important? Let’s explore this interesting topic together. What is New Quality Productivity? New quality productivity refers to the creation and improvement of products and services using advanced technologies and innovative methods. Unlike traditional productivity, which focuses on increasing the quantity (数量) of goods using the same methods, new quality productivity aims to enhance the quality, efficiency, and value of products and services. This involves using new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, green energy, and more. What’s Included? Technology Innovation: This includes the development of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones to make products better and production processes more efficient. Sustainable development: Using renewable energy sources or environmentally friendly materials to make production more sustainable (可持续性) and reduce harm to our planet. High-Quality Standards: Focusing on producing goods and services that meet high-quality standards to satisfy customers and create a better reputation for businesses. Digital Transformation (数字化转型): Applying digital technologies to all aspects of business, from manufacturing to sales, to improve efficiency and provide better services to customers. Why Develop New Quality Productivity? Economic Growth: By focusing on quality rather than quantity, businesses can create more valuable and competitive products, leading to economic growth. Environmental Sustainability: Adopting (采用) sustainable practices helps protect the environment, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy our planet’s resources. Innovation and Progress: Encouraging innovation leads to the development of new products and services, pushing society forward and improving people’s lives. Meeting Consumer Demands: Today’s consumers expect high-quality, sustainable, and technologically advanced products. New quality productivity allows businesses to meet these expectations In conclusion, new quality productivity is about producing better, not just more. It’s about innovation, sustainability, and meeting the changing needs of the world. By focusing on new quality productivity, countries like China aim to ensure a prosperous and sustainable future for everyone. The Two Sessions provide a crucial platform for discussing and planning the implementation of these advancements, highlighting the country’s commitment to progress and innovation. 34．What is the main focus of new quality productivity as discussed in the article? A．Reducing the prices and costs of goods. B．Helping companies with more market share. C．Increasing the quantity of products and services. D．Improving the quality and efficiency of products and services. 35．Why is the development of new quality productivity important for economic growth? A．It focuses mainly on reducing production costs. B．It increases the number of products in the market. C．It creates more valuable and competitive products. D．It ensures a monopoly (垄断) in the market for businesses. 36．How does new quality productivity contribute to environmental sustainability? A．By reducing the production of goods. B．By increasing the use of natural gases. C．By stopping too many industrial activities. D．By adopting renewable energy sources or harmless materials. 37．What is the main idea of the article? A．The importance of the Two Sessions in China. B．The meaning and aim of new quality productivity. C．The challenges facing China’s economic development. D．The role of technology in modern economic development. 10 （2024·江苏南通·二模）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course, it’s catkins (飞絮) from willows and poplar trees in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins can cause allergies (过敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable. In spring, the female trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they produce cotton-like seeds that spread through the air. Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (变性手术)” on willow and poplar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace them with branches from male trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. From 2008 to 2018, only around 1, 000 trees were treated in Beijing, reported Outlook Weekly in 2022. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use special injections (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need to get injections every year to keep the catkin numbers under control. Other than injections, the trees can also take “medicine”. This medicine can be sprayed (喷洒) onto the trees before the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the medicine they use when they use it, or they might hurt the environment. 38．What can we infer from Paragraphs 1 and 2? A．Catkins are hard to see. B．It’s normal to snow in April. C．People welcome willows. D．It’s uncomfortable to breathe in catkins. 39．How many ways are introduced to deal with catkins? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 40．What’s the disadvantage of using injections according to the passage? A．Trees need to be injected every year. B．It needs many skilled workers to do it. C．It is slow and expensive. D．It’s bad for the trees and environment. 41．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to control too many catkins. B．How to protect willow and polar trees. C．How to cut down harm caused by catkins. D．How to tell male and female willow trees. 11 （2024·江苏南通·二模）Childhood memories, the first bicycle ride, the first swim in the ocean, and the beautiful wallpaper long since removed from the family home are deeply rooted in our minds. But can they be trusted? In other words, how reliable (可靠的) are our memories? Still, Carole Peterson, a professor at Memorial University who studies early childhood memory, said that both children and adults can have memories that are not true. At all ages, we are more likely to be influenced by suggestions, although it is true that younger children are more affected than older children or adults. In a study in 2011, Peterson and his team interviewed children ages 4 to 13 about their earliest memories and re-interviewed them two years later. They found that events filled with emotion were more likely to stay. In addition, if the child had a clear memory rather than a confused one, it would likely be remembered. Peterson’s research has found a strong relationship between emotion and accurate (准确的) recall. This is supported by a 2015 study in which researchers interviewed preschoolers about an injury serious enough to require hospital treatment. Researchers followed up ten years later to see what these people remembered about their childhood injuries. “They were very accurate in recalling these emotional events,” Peterson said. “It was a surprise for all of us.” Sometimes, people—especially children—can form false memories. In Michael Linden’s 2013 book Hurting Memories and Beneficial Forgetting, Linden states that high social expectations can lead to the development of false memories in children who learn to reply as expected. These false memories make you feel real. It is hard to tell them from real memories. 42．Why does the author mention questions in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To support his opinion. C．To show some examples. D．To compare different ideas. 43．What does Carole Peterson think of early childhood memories? A．Most of them are not true. B．They are easy to remember. C．Not all of them are accurate. D．They have a great influence on a person’s life. 44．How did Peterson’s team do the research? A．By doing some interviews. B．By referring to a survey online. C．By collecting information from hospitals. D．By following up children’s daily life for years. 45．Which statement will Michael Linden probably agree with? A．Only children can develop false memories. B．False memories will be difficult to tell from real ones. C．False memories were mainly caused by childhood injuries. D．High social expectations can help improve children’s memories. 12 （2024·江苏泰州·二模）Ma Rui, a top performing graduate at Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, was going to study Korean in Peking University. Here, she shares her tips on memorizing English words in a fast and fun way. English words can sometimes seem similar but have completely different meanings, and sometimes the different tenses of the same verb may not follow the regular structure. For example, ________. So, how can you effectively memorize and learn English words? After learning a bunch of new words, you can write a short story using all of these words. This way, you can better remember the spelling, as well as learning how to use words in various tenses and in the right context. And, it’s fun! You get to break away from the dull act of word memorizing and free your imagination. If you can’t think of anything to write, why not just write about your day and try to use the new words? Another method is to create associations (联系) between words. For example, when you try to remember a word that has a suffix like “-ment”, think of some other words that also have this suffix. This way, you can remember many words at the same time. It’s also fun to work together with your classmates. Do some word-guessing games or organize competitions like spelling bees with them during the class breaks. These activities are never boring. When you have company, learning can become a part of your daily life. 46．Which of the following best fits in the blank in Paragraph 2? A．English is widely used around the world B．there is no connection between “quite” and “quiet” C．English has about 5, 000 words that are commonly used D．autumn in British English is fall in American English 47．How many methods does Ma Rui introduce to memorize and learn English words? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 48．According to Ma Rui, what word can we think of when trying to remember “advertisement”? A．Sad. B．Achieve. C．Educate. D．Swim. 49．What does the word company mean in Paragraph 5? A．公司 B．鼓励 C．同伴 D．规划 50．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to memorize English words effectively. B．How to study Korean in Peking University. C．The development of the English language. D．The advantages of learning foreign languages. ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 17 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之说明文 序号 来源 内容 1 2024·江苏扬州·二模 介绍了科学家通过研究发现，在厨房里很常见的啤酒和鸡蛋被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。 2 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了北斗卫星导航系统。 3 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了冥想对大脑的好处。 4 2024·江苏泰州·二模 介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 5 2024·江苏盐城·二模 讲述了飞行汽车的未来。 6 2024·江苏连云港·二模 讲述了中国人在风筝制作和飞行方面的悠久历史和重要贡献，这些技术不仅用于娱乐和日常生活，还启发了后来的航空技术发展，对现代飞行器的设计产生了深远影响。 7 2024·江苏无锡·二模 介绍了跳舞机器人的相关情况。 8 2024·江苏盐城·二模 介绍了人们在饥饿时容易发怒的原因，以及这种现象对人们日常生活的影响和人们的处理方法。 9 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了新质生产力是什么，包括了什么及发展新质生产力的原因。 10 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出来的方法。 11 2024·江苏南通·二模 介绍了童年记忆的特点以及影响童年记忆的因素。 12 2024·江苏泰州·二模 讲述了郑州外国语学校的一名优秀毕业生分享了一些快速有趣的记忆英语单词的方法。 01 （2024·江苏扬州·二模）Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too. To preserve (保存) Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what ancient paint was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork. According to their paper published in Science Advances, grains (谷物) and yeast (醇母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent grains and yeast. The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster. Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks. The researchers re-created the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the yolk’s proteins helped slow the oxidation (氧化) of the paint. It could also reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth. However, the oil paint with added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists—they were willing to accept to have their work preserved for longer. “The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate (欣赏) what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, US, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks. 1．Why were beer by-products used in historic Danish paintings? A．To help the colors stick better. B．To keep the paintings clean. C．To make the paintings more colorful. D．To give the painting a different feel. 2．What does the underlined word “cracked” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．kept. B．shared. C．discovered. D．explored. 3．How could egg yolk proteins change the paint? A．The paint could age faster. B．The paint could dry more quickly. C．The paint’s colors could be nicer. D．The paint could feel smoother. 4．From Sutherland’s words, we can know that ________ A．it’s easy to appreciate artworks in the right methods B．it’s important to understand the minds of artists C．it’s hard to research early artworks D．it’s necessary to help people understand artworks 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过研究发现，在厨房里很常见的啤酒和鸡蛋被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。 1．推理判断题。根据“Researchers also pointed out that beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry faster.”可知，加入啤酒后，油漆能干得更快，让颜色粘得更牢。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Apart from beer, egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, such as Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci.”以及“have ‘cracked’ the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks”可知，早在15世纪的艺术家使用的油基颜料中就发现了鸡蛋，也就是说已经“发现”了鸡蛋如何帮助保护艺术品的秘密；划线单词与“discovered”同义。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It could also reduce wrinkling (皱褶) as the egg makes the paint more smooth.”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质可以减少皱纹，因为鸡蛋使油漆更光滑。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate (欣赏) what they’re doing”可知，我们越了解艺术家如何选择和使用他们的材料，我们就越能欣赏他们的作品，这句话的意思是“了解艺术家的想法是很重要的，这样我们才能更好地理解他们的作品”，故选B。 02 （2024·江苏无锡·二模）Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Bigger Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s a lot safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network. The achievement placed China among the group of countries with their own global navigation network. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations. “It can be of great help in earthquakes, when ground signals are completely cut off, ” Chen Suzhen, head of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Xiamen, told CGTN. On April 25, 2015, an earthquake hit Nepal. Lack of proper contact among international rescue teams created main problems in rescue operations. “Luckily, our team had BDS. With the short message service, I suggested that we should go to the remote areas where the situation was far worse. The BDS helped us a lot during the rescue. If every country uses the BDS, our future rescue operations will be far more effective,” Chen told CGTN. With 5G technology now in wide use, the “5G + BDS” will be widely applied in conditions that require fast speed, precise (精确的) location and navigation services. For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter. The GPS and the BDS use the same way to find out position. We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position. When there are three satellites, the position can be the two points where three balls meet. Compared with the GPS, the BDS provides navigation signals on multiple frequencies (多频信号) to improve service. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now over 120 countries are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 5．The following sentence would best be placed at the beginning of ________. With its powerful performance, BDS is able to provide a series of services to meet different requirements. A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 6．Which of the following sentence has the closest meaning to “radius”? A．Half of the straight line between the centre of the two satellites. B．Half of the straight line between the centre of the ball and your position. C．A straight line between the centre of the ball and any point on its surface. D．A straight line between the centre of the satellite and the centre of the earth. 7．What can we learn about BDS? A．It was praised highly by foreigners during the rescue. B．It is used to help farmers plant crops in a modern way. C．It can help send messages when phone is out of power. D．It was widely used to meet different requirements in 2020. 8．The writing purpose of this passage is ________. A．to describe the history of Beidou system B．to explain the contributions of Beidou system C．to show how to find the way by Beidou system D．to introduce a kind of navigation satellite system 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send texts where there’s no phone signal (信号) or Internet. It has now been widely used in international rescue (救援) operations.”可知，此处说明了北斗卫星导航系统的多种用途，所以所给句子放在第三段句首最为合适，作为本段的总起句。故选A。 6． 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“We can see each satellite as the center of a ball, and its radius is the distance to the position.”可猜测出，radius意为“半径” ，指的是球心到球面上任意一点之间的直线段。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For example, the BDS can even help farmers in China by providing precise information for planting and monitoring, making farming smarter.”可知，北斗卫星导航系统被用来帮助农民以现代方式种植作物。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统，即介绍了一种卫星导航系统。故选D。 03 （2024·江苏无锡·二模） Meditation is one kind of exercise in controlling attention. Meditators use some practices, like keeping focus on breathing, to strengthen the ability to take control over what their minds are doing. While meditations have long experienced its benefits, science only recently discovered that the mental effort of meditation is good exercise for the brain. Meditation has much to do with cognition, a term to describe the thought processes inside our heads (like focusing, making decisions, and remembering) that allow us to understand the world. Meditators are really good at using several cognitive abilities to stay focused. When they learn that their minds wander (走神), they quickly bring their attention back, which is like doing a mental push-up. All these mental push-ups end up strengthening their ability to change their thoughts based on what they are doing right now, like changing from doing math to reading when they go to different classes. Groups of brain areas that communicate are called brain networks, and the health of the brain depends on the ability of brain networks to communicate well. Science has shown that meditation can improve sustained attention, which is how well a person can keep their attention on something hard for a long time. Scientists can measure improvements in sustained attention by looking for increases in certain brain waves, using EEG (脑电图). It proves that meditation can make the brain areas involved in attention communicate with each other more easily. Meditation can even change the way that meditators’ brain networks communicate, by bringing new, helpful brain areas into the conversation or getting rid of a brain area that is too loud and distracting. These changes take a long time and a lot of work. People need to make meditation a habit and guidance from a teacher can be helpful. Yet, not everyone can afford a personal teacher. That’s where technology steps in. Scientists have made apps that provide tips and help people meditate at their own levels. While some digital meditation apps have been carefully studied by scientists, some need to be tested. So, it is important to be careful at first about whether an app really works. 9．According to the passage, when people meditate, they ________. A．try to control their focus B．focus on what goes around C．make important decisions D．develop the ability to communicate 10．Which word has the closest meaning to sustained? A．hard B．clever C．lasting D．healthy 11．What can we learn about the brain networks? A．They are made up of groups of brains. B．The more brain networks, the healthier we will be. C．They can be improved by using EGG. D．They will be changed after meditating. 12．The following paragraph can best go after ________. As a result, meditators get better at focusing their attention away from negative thoughts and feelings and put themselves into a good mood. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了冥想对大脑的好处。 9．细节理解题。根据“Meditators use some practices, like keeping focus on breathing, to strengthen the ability to take control over what their minds are doing.”可知，当人们冥想时，他们试图控制他们的注意力。故选A。 10．词句猜测题。根据“Science has shown that meditation can improve sustained attention, which is how well a person can keep their attention on something hard for a long time.”可知，冥想可以使人长时间关注困难事物，也就是说冥想可以提高持续的注意力，故推出划线部分sustained与选项C“持续的”意思相近。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据“Meditation can even change the way that meditators’ brain networks communicate,”可知，冥想可以改变冥想者大脑网络的交流方式。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段“Meditation can even change the way that meditators’ brain networks communicate, ”可知，本段主要讲的是冥想可以改变冥想者大脑网络的交流方式，所给句子总结了冥想者能够更好地将注意力从消极的想法和感受中转移开，这是改变冥想者大脑网络导致的结果，故推出所给句子应位于第四段之后。故选D。 04 （2024·江苏泰州·二模）①Imagine this: when you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato, suddenly it starts to cry! This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed. ②Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes. ③Three groups of plants were listened to: One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off, and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Hadany from the team told CNN. ④The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles (泡) in the plants. This meant the noise produced by the plants was not on purpose. ⑤Animals and insects may benefit (受益) from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus. ⑥After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as rice, corn and grapes, and found they also made more sounds when stressed. Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by “hearing” how plants feel. 13．According to the experiment, we know that _______. A．the plants produced the noise on purpose B．the plants which had the stems cut off were very quiet C．air bubbles in the plants broke and made the noise D．the untouched group made more sounds than the other two groups 14．How can animals and insects benefit from the sound of plants? A．To communicate by themselves. B．To break the air bubbles. C．To listen to other plants. D．To make right decisions. 15．The study may help farmers to _______ in the future. A．improve the growth of plants B．protect the environment C．tell the weather D．decide what to plant 16．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①|②③④|⑤⑥ B．①②|③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④|⑤⑥ D．①②③|④⑤|⑥ 17．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Plants that make sounds are tasty. B．Plants can show feelings by sounds. C．Researchers listen to plants. D．Animals benefit from the sounds. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．A 17．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles in the plants.”可知，植物中的气泡破裂并发出声音。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段“Animals and insects may benefit from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus.”可知，动物和昆虫可以通过植物发出的声音做出正确的决定。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知，研究人员说这项研究可以让农民在未来受益，他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，从而提高产量。故选A。 16．篇章结构题。第一段，介绍一项新的研究成果，植物在受到压力时可以发出声音；第二段至第四段，介绍研究人员的研究情况，包括研究过程和结果；第五段和第六段，介绍了这项研究成果的影响；选项A“①|②③④|⑤⑥”符合文章的结构。故选A。 17．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音，也就是植物通过声音表达感受。故选B。 05 （2024·江苏盐城·二模） ①That future is almost here. “I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster,” said Sebastian Thrun in 2021. At that time, his young company Kitty Hawk Corporation was working on developing a flying car known as eVTOL, or Electronic Vertical Take-Off and Landing vehicle (车辆). ②Flying to work or school sounds unbelievable. Not only is it fun to fly, but “there would never be traffic again, because the sky is very, very large,” says Thrun. He also thinks eVTOLs could be greener than common cars. “We go much faster, we go in a straight line, we fly on less energy.” he says. ③So far, though, flying cars haven’t taken off as a product. Will their day come? There are still many problems to solve. Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride. The main problem with flying cars is safety. Accidents in the air are dangerous to both the passengers and anyone on the ground beneath. To make eVTOLs safer, many developers are aiming to make them self-flying—no human pilot required. ④Another problem is space. Most aircraft need long runways to take off and land. Lifting straight up and down like a helicopter solves this problem. But eVTOLs still need special spaces, called vertiports, for take-off and landing. Finding places to put these could be tricky, especially in crowded cities. But maybe some could go on top of buildings. ⑤What do you think? Would you enjoy riding to school or visiting a friend in a self-flying taxi? Are flying cars a good idea, or should we find other ways to get around in the near future? 18．What is Sebastian Thrun’s opinion about the future of flying cars? A．He thinks it could hardly happen. B．He thinks it will happen in the next century. C．He is not sure about the future of flying cars. D．He believes it will happen in ten years or faster. 19．Why are some companies developing flying cars as air taxis? A．To make them cheaper. B．To solve safety problems. C．To provide rides for people. D．To compete with common cars. 20．What is the possible structure of the passage? (①=Para. 1 ②= Para. 2...) A． B． C． D． 21．What is probably the best title of the passage? A．Will Future Flying Cars Need Drivers? B．Is a Flying Car Your Dream Car? C．The Exciting World of Electric Taxis D．The History of Air Travel Technologies 【答案】18．D 19．A 20．C 21．B 【导语】本文讲述了飞行汽车的未来。 18．细节理解题。根据“I think it’s going to happen. Definitely in ten years…and hopefully much, much faster”可知他相信这将在十年或更快的时间内发生。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“Their high price means most people won’t be able to afford one. So, some companies are developing them as air taxis that people could pay to ride.”可知是为了让它们更便宜，故选A。 20．篇章结构题。第一段引出主题；第二段介绍飞行汽车的优点；第三四段介绍缺点；第五段总结。故选C。 21．最佳标题题。本文讲述了飞行汽车的未来。因此“会飞的车是你的梦想车吗？”适合作为本文的标题，故选B。 06 （2024·江苏连云港·二模）①700 years before the Wright brothers began experimenting with human flight, the Chinese had already got its secrets—with kites. ②Kites may have been invented in China as early as 500 B．C．E. While some kites were flown for fun, other kites provided key technologies for daily life. Chinese fishermen used kites to carry their lines far out to sea. Sailors used them to take a measurement of the wind. ③The Chinese craftsmen were very clever! They made their kites from bamboo and silk, and they came in all kinds of cool shapes, like 80-foot-long dragons. These kites showed off ancient China’s great technology. Their wings and tails could even move! As Chinese engineers experimented to make the kites fly even higher, they discovered the science of aerodynamics (空气动力学). They made the wings of their kites work like airfoils (机翼)—the same design used in modern planes. ④And the man-carriers were the most amazing Chinese kites. Ancient Chinese people may have made them a common sight by the 1200s. The kites were much larger than a small airplane. They were made from strong bamboo poles tied together and then covered with silk. During wars, Chinese scouts used man-carrying kites to fly high in the sky and spy on their enemies—similar to modern spy planes. ⑤In the late 1200s, the Italian businessman and explorer Marco Polo was amazed by what he saw in China, and he wrote a detailed description. When he returned to Italy, most people refused to believe him. They could not imagine that a person could fly. ⑥Centuries passed before Europeans learned the secrets—often by flying kites imported from China. In 1804, an English engineer, Sir George Cayley, built the first model airplanes. He used kites to make the wings. About 100 years later, American inventors, including the Wright brothers, also found ideas for their flight experiments by flying kites first. 22．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．How people made kites. B．When kites were invented. C．What kites were used for. D．Where kites were invented. 23．Why are modern planes mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To describe the popularity of ancient Chinese kites. B．To get readers to learn about the history of Chinese kites. C．To show the excellent skills of kite making in ancient China. D．To tell the differences between modern planes and Chinese kites. 24．Which is the correct order of the following events? a. Sir George Cayley built the first model planes. b. Ancient Chinese made large man-carrying kites. c. Marco Polo told Italians about Chinese amazing kites. d. The Wright brothers did flight experiments by flying kites first. A．b-c-d-a B．b-c-a-d C．c-d-a-b D．c-b-a-d 25．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】22．C 23．C 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文讲述了中国人在风筝制作和飞行方面的悠久历史和重要贡献，这些技术不仅用于娱乐和日常生活，还启发了后来的航空技术发展，对现代飞行器的设计产生了深远影响。 22．主旨大意题。根据“were flown for fun”、“used kites to carry their lines far out to sea.”和“used them to take a measurement of the wind.”可知，为了好玩，把鱼线带到很远的海里以及测量风，都是风筝的作用，所以此段主要讲述风筝的用途。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据“They made the wings of their kites work like airfoils (机翼)—the same design used in modern planes.”可知，他们把风筝的翅膀做成了像机翼一样的形状——与现代飞机的设计相同，也就是说古代做风筝的技术能匹敌现代飞机的设计，由此可知中国古代制作风筝的精湛技艺。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“In 1804, an English engineer, Sir George Cayley, built the first model airplanes...About 100 years later, American inventors, including the Wright brothers, also found ideas for their flight experiments by flying kites first.”可知，a“乔治·凯利爵士制造了第一批模型飞机”发生在d“莱特兄弟首先用风筝做了飞行实验”之前，排除选项A和C；根据第四和第五段可知，先是古人制造了大型的载人风筝，马可·波罗在看到这种风筝，返回意大利后再告诉意大利人这种风筝，b发生在c之前。故选B。 25．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，①段引出主题——风筝，②③④段介绍了风筝在古代中国的起源和发展，⑤⑥段讲述风筝到外国的传播以及影响。故选D。 07 （2024·江苏无锡·二模） We are getting used to having robots in our homes, stores, and factories. What about on stage? In fact, the word robot comes from a 1920 science-fiction play. In Rossum’s Universal Robots, people performed as the machine-like creatures. Recently, some directors and artists have invited actual robots to share the stage in dances and other performances. Catie Cuan is one of them. “Robots are for everyone,” she says. Cuan began her career as a dancer and choreographer — a person who maps out the movements of dancers. But she fell in love with robots and has pioneered a new field called robot choreography (编舞). Today, she’s studying robotics at Stanford University in Northern California. You might imagine robots would dance like machines. After all, that’s how the popular dance “the robot” looks. Most robots today, however, can move in a more life-like manner. It takes time and effort to program robots to do the movements Cuan wants. But the results, she says, “will surprise you.” At first, Cuan knew little about robot choreography. In 2022, she wrote, choreographed and performed the stage show In Her Prime. She danced with two other women and two Boston Dynamics spot robots. In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience (观众) only saw their shadows. Cuan says that cave paintings inspired her. In the media, Cuan says, “Robots are often described negatively (负面地).” They may seem alien, cold, or scary. Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead. Sometimes after her performances, audience tell her that the dance changes the way they think about robots. Robots may seem like they’re all about maths and engineering. But, as Cuan suggests, they belong in art, too. “We as humans have been making art a lot longer than we’ve been doing maths,” she says. She points out that we use art and dance to make sense of the world. Cuan thinks that performances like hers will help people feel more at home with robots. “We need to dance with robots to make sense of them,” she says. 26．Why did Catie Cuan use a screen in her dance In Her Prime with robots? A．To show the robots’ shadows. B．To display cave paintings. C．To hide the robots’ movements. D．To catch the attention of the audience. 27．Which one has the closest meaning to “inspired her”? A．offered her chances B．brought her success C．sent her messages D．gave her ideas 28．The following sentences would best be placed at the beginning of ________. This is only one of many dances Cuan has performed with robots. Her goal is to show people new ways to relate to these machines. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6 29．What can we learn from the article? A．The word robot comes from In Her Prime. B．Dancing with robots can help us understand them better. C．The audience will develop an interest in robotics engineering. D．Some students in Stanford University enjoy studying robotics. 【答案】26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了跳舞机器人的相关情况。 26．细节理解题。根据“In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience (观众) only saw their shadows.”可知，在与机器人共舞的《风华正茂》中使用了屏幕来展示机器人的影子，故选A。 27．推理判断题。根据“Cuan says that cave paintings inspired her.”可知，洞穴壁画给了她灵感，也就是给了她一些想法，故选D。 28．推理判断题。根据“She danced with two other women and two Boston Dynamics spot robots. In the dance, the robots stayed behind a screen so the audience (观众) only saw their shadows.”可知，第四段是介绍她与机器人共舞的情况，结合“Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead.”可知，此处是介绍通过舞蹈改变人们对机器人的看法，所以第五段开头应是一个承上启下的句子，说明这个舞蹈只是与机器人共舞的众多舞蹈之一，故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据“Seeing a robot dance may make the technology seem fun, attractive, or friendly instead. Sometimes after her performances, audience tell her that the dance changes the way they think about robots.”可知，与机器人共舞可以帮助我们更好地了解机器人，改变以前对机器人的看法，故选B。 08 （2024·江苏盐城·二模）Have you ever been angry at someone when you were hungry? If so, you’ve experienced “hangry (饿怒)”—some people get angry easily as they are hungry. The reason for this lies in what happens inside your body when it needs food. Everything you eat would be changed into different kinds of nutrients (营养物) in your body. These nutrients would enter your blood and be passed to every part of your body and be used for creating energy. As time passes after your last meal, these nutrients in your blood drop. Also, your blood glucose (血糖) drops. Unlike other parts in your body, your brain totally depends on blood glucose to do its job. You’ve probably already noticed that simple things can become difficult when you are hungry and your blood glucose levels drop. You may find it hard to pay attention. For example, you may make silly mistakes in your study and homework. You might also have noticed that you can’t even speak clearly when you’re too hungry. Another thing that happens when you’re hungry is behaving impolitely and can’t control yourself, such as snapping at others. In that case, even though you may already try your best to avoid conflict (冲突) with important friends, you may still be too angry to control yourself when you are staying with the people you are most relaxed with. That’s why you may find yourself being impatient with your parents or friends. So what should we do to avoid being hangry? The easiest way is to eat something before you get too hungry. The best choice is to have some nutrient-rich and natural foods that help deal with hunger quickly and can be kept in your body as long as possible, but not fast food. The final way is to suggest that difficult situations should be dealt with after a meal, not before. 30．”Hangry” usually happens when ________. A．the body needs food. B．nutrients enter your body. C．the blood glucose levels drop. D．it’s hard for you to pay attention. 31．What does the underlined words “snapping at” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．laughing at B．shouting at C．pointing at D．looking at 32．Which of the following is a proper way to deal with hunger? A．Eating something after you get too hungry. B．Staying with people you are most relaxed with. C．Dealing with difficult situations after meals. D．Eating a little junk food before you are hungry. 33．Who is the passage written for? A．Doctors. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Students. 【答案】30．A 31．B 32．C 33．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在饥饿时容易发怒的原因，以及这种现象对人们日常生活的影响和人们的处理方法。 30．细节理解题。根据第一段“If so, you’ve experienced...when it needs food.”可知情况通常发生在饥饿的时候，也就是身体需要食物的时候。故选A。 31．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Another thing that happens...snapping at others.”可知当你饥饿的时候，行为可能会不礼貌，你无法控制自己，会对别人大喊大叫。选项B“呵斥”表示出发生了冲突。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The final way is to suggest...after a meal, not before.”可知在吃完饭后，处理比较困难的情况比较好。故选C。 33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For example, you may make silly mistakes in your study and homework.”可知你会在写作业和学习中犯错，对象应该是学生。故选D。 09 （2024·江苏南通·二模）Every year, China holds an important meeting known as the “Two Sessions”, where leaders and representatives gather to discuss and plan the country’s future. One of the key topics often brought up is the development of new quality productivity. But what exactly does this mean, and why is it so important? Let’s explore this interesting topic together. What is New Quality Productivity? New quality productivity refers to the creation and improvement of products and services using advanced technologies and innovative methods. Unlike traditional productivity, which focuses on increasing the quantity (数量) of goods using the same methods, new quality productivity aims to enhance the quality, efficiency, and value of products and services. This involves using new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, green energy, and more. What’s Included? Technology Innovation: This includes the development of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones to make products better and production processes more efficient. Sustainable development: Using renewable energy sources or environmentally friendly materials to make production more sustainable (可持续性) and reduce harm to our planet. High-Quality Standards: Focusing on producing goods and services that meet high-quality standards to satisfy customers and create a better reputation for businesses. Digital Transformation (数字化转型): Applying digital technologies to all aspects of business, from manufacturing to sales, to improve efficiency and provide better services to customers. Why Develop New Quality Productivity? Economic Growth: By focusing on quality rather than quantity, businesses can create more valuable and competitive products, leading to economic growth. Environmental Sustainability: Adopting (采用) sustainable practices helps protect the environment, ensuring that future generations can also enjoy our planet’s resources. Innovation and Progress: Encouraging innovation leads to the development of new products and services, pushing society forward and improving people’s lives. Meeting Consumer Demands: Today’s consumers expect high-quality, sustainable, and technologically advanced products. New quality productivity allows businesses to meet these expectations In conclusion, new quality productivity is about producing better, not just more. It’s about innovation, sustainability, and meeting the changing needs of the world. By focusing on new quality productivity, countries like China aim to ensure a prosperous and sustainable future for everyone. The Two Sessions provide a crucial platform for discussing and planning the implementation of these advancements, highlighting the country’s commitment to progress and innovation. 34．What is the main focus of new quality productivity as discussed in the article? A．Reducing the prices and costs of goods. B．Helping companies with more market share. C．Increasing the quantity of products and services. D．Improving the quality and efficiency of products and services. 35．Why is the development of new quality productivity important for economic growth? A．It focuses mainly on reducing production costs. B．It increases the number of products in the market. C．It creates more valuable and competitive products. D．It ensures a monopoly (垄断) in the market for businesses. 36．How does new quality productivity contribute to environmental sustainability? A．By reducing the production of goods. B．By increasing the use of natural gases. C．By stopping too many industrial activities. D．By adopting renewable energy sources or harmless materials. 37．What is the main idea of the article? A．The importance of the Two Sessions in China. B．The meaning and aim of new quality productivity. C．The challenges facing China’s economic development. D．The role of technology in modern economic development. 【答案】34．D 35．C 36．D 37．B 【导语】本文介绍了新质生产力是什么，包括了什么及发展新质生产力的原因。 34．细节理解题。根据“new quality productivity aims to enhance the quality, efficiency, and value of products and services”可知，新质生产力旨在提高产品和服务的质量、效率和价值。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据“By focusing on quality rather than quantity, businesses can create more valuable and competitive products, leading to economic growth.”可知，通过注重质量而不是数量，企业可以创造出更有价值和更具竞争力的产品，从而促进经济增长。故选C。 36．细节理解题。根据“Sustainable development: Using renewable energy sources or environmentally friendly materials to make production more sustainable (可持续性) and reduce harm to our planet.”可知，使用可再生能源和环保材料，使生产更具可持续性，减少对地球的危害。故选D。 37．主旨大意题。根据“One of the key topics often brought up is the development of new quality productivity. But what exactly does this mean, and why is it so important? Let’s explore this interesting topic together.”及通读全文后可知，本文本文介绍了新质生产力是什么，包括了什么及发展新质生产力的原因。故选B。 10 （2024·江苏南通·二模）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course, it’s catkins (飞絮) from willows and poplar trees in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins can cause allergies (过敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable. In spring, the female trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they produce cotton-like seeds that spread through the air. Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (变性手术)” on willow and poplar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace them with branches from male trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. From 2008 to 2018, only around 1, 000 trees were treated in Beijing, reported Outlook Weekly in 2022. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use special injections (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need to get injections every year to keep the catkin numbers under control. Other than injections, the trees can also take “medicine”. This medicine can be sprayed (喷洒) onto the trees before the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the medicine they use when they use it, or they might hurt the environment. 38．What can we infer from Paragraphs 1 and 2? A．Catkins are hard to see. B．It’s normal to snow in April. C．People welcome willows. D．It’s uncomfortable to breathe in catkins. 39．How many ways are introduced to deal with catkins? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 40．What’s the disadvantage of using injections according to the passage? A．Trees need to be injected every year. B．It needs many skilled workers to do it. C．It is slow and expensive. D．It’s bad for the trees and environment. 41．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to control too many catkins. B．How to protect willow and polar trees. C．How to cut down harm caused by catkins. D．How to tell male and female willow trees. 【答案】38．D 39．C 40．A 41．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出来的方法。 38．推理判断题。通读第一、二段可知，此处主要讲了柳絮和杨絮形成于四月，如下雪一般，并且容易引起过敏症状，所以可推知，吸入飞絮很不舒服。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Doing ‘gender change surgery (变性手术)’ on willow and poplar trees is one of them.”、第五段中的“Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use special injections (注射剂) to reduce the number of catkins on trees.”以及最后一段中的“Other than injections, the trees can also take ‘medicine’.”可知，应对飞絮，文章提到了做变性手术、注射药物及喷洒药剂三种方式。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, the trees need to get injections every year to keep the catkin numbers under control.”可知，注射这种方法的缺点是树木需要每年注射。故选A。 41．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了柳絮和杨絮的形成原因以及科学家为减少杨絮产生而研究出来的方法，所以A项正确。故选A。 11 （2024·江苏南通·二模）Childhood memories, the first bicycle ride, the first swim in the ocean, and the beautiful wallpaper long since removed from the family home are deeply rooted in our minds. But can they be trusted? In other words, how reliable (可靠的) are our memories? Still, Carole Peterson, a professor at Memorial University who studies early childhood memory, said that both children and adults can have memories that are not true. At all ages, we are more likely to be influenced by suggestions, although it is true that younger children are more affected than older children or adults. In a study in 2011, Peterson and his team interviewed children ages 4 to 13 about their earliest memories and re-interviewed them two years later. They found that events filled with emotion were more likely to stay. In addition, if the child had a clear memory rather than a confused one, it would likely be remembered. Peterson’s research has found a strong relationship between emotion and accurate (准确的) recall. This is supported by a 2015 study in which researchers interviewed preschoolers about an injury serious enough to require hospital treatment. Researchers followed up ten years later to see what these people remembered about their childhood injuries. “They were very accurate in recalling these emotional events,” Peterson said. “It was a surprise for all of us.” Sometimes, people—especially children—can form false memories. In Michael Linden’s 2013 book Hurting Memories and Beneficial Forgetting, Linden states that high social expectations can lead to the development of false memories in children who learn to reply as expected. These false memories make you feel real. It is hard to tell them from real memories. 42．Why does the author mention questions in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To support his opinion. C．To show some examples. D．To compare different ideas. 43．What does Carole Peterson think of early childhood memories? A．Most of them are not true. B．They are easy to remember. C．Not all of them are accurate. D．They have a great influence on a person’s life. 44．How did Peterson’s team do the research? A．By doing some interviews. B．By referring to a survey online. C．By collecting information from hospitals. D．By following up children’s daily life for years. 45．Which statement will Michael Linden probably agree with? A．Only children can develop false memories. B．False memories will be difficult to tell from real ones. C．False memories were mainly caused by childhood injuries. D．High social expectations can help improve children’s memories. 【答案】42．A 43．C 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文介绍了童年记忆的特点以及影响童年记忆的因素。 42．推理判断题。根据“...But can they be trusted? In other words, how reliable (可靠的) are our memories?”以及下文的介绍可知，第一段的提问主要是引出下文要介绍的主题，故选A。 43．细节理解题。根据“Still, Carole Peterson, a professor at Memorial University who studies early childhood memory, said that both children and adults can have memories that are not true.”可知，研究早期儿童记忆的教授卡罗尔·彼得森认为并不是所有的记忆都是准确的，故选C。 44．细节理解题。根据“In a study in 2011, Peterson and his team interviewed children ages 4 to 13 about their earliest memories and re-interviewed them two years later.”可知，彼得森和他的团队采访了4至13岁的儿童，询问他们最早的记忆，并在两年后再次采访了他们，所以他们是通过采访的方式进行这项研究的，故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据“These false memories make you feel real. It is hard to tell them from real memories.”可知，迈克尔·林登认为虚假的记忆将很难与真实的记忆区分开来，故选B。 12 （2024·江苏泰州·二模）Ma Rui, a top performing graduate at Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, was going to study Korean in Peking University. Here, she shares her tips on memorizing English words in a fast and fun way. English words can sometimes seem similar but have completely different meanings, and sometimes the different tenses of the same verb may not follow the regular structure. For example, ________. So, how can you effectively memorize and learn English words? After learning a bunch of new words, you can write a short story using all of these words. This way, you can better remember the spelling, as well as learning how to use words in various tenses and in the right context. And, it’s fun! You get to break away from the dull act of word memorizing and free your imagination. If you can’t think of anything to write, why not just write about your day and try to use the new words? Another method is to create associations (联系) between words. For example, when you try to remember a word that has a suffix like “-ment”, think of some other words that also have this suffix. This way, you can remember many words at the same time. It’s also fun to work together with your classmates. Do some word-guessing games or organize competitions like spelling bees with them during the class breaks. These activities are never boring. When you have company, learning can become a part of your daily life. 46．Which of the following best fits in the blank in Paragraph 2? A．English is widely used around the world B．there is no connection between “quite” and “quiet” C．English has about 5, 000 words that are commonly used D．autumn in British English is fall in American English 47．How many methods does Ma Rui introduce to memorize and learn English words? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 48．According to Ma Rui, what word can we think of when trying to remember “advertisement”? A．Sad. B．Achieve. C．Educate. D．Swim. 49．What does the word company mean in Paragraph 5? A．公司 B．鼓励 C．同伴 D．规划 50．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to memorize English words effectively. B．How to study Korean in Peking University. C．The development of the English language. D．The advantages of learning foreign languages. 【答案】46．B 47．B 48．B 49．C 50．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了郑州外国语学校的一名优秀毕业生分享了一些快速有趣的记忆英语单词的方法。 46．推理判断题。根据“English words can sometimes seem similar but have completely different meanings”可知，英语单词有时看起来很相似，但意思却完全不同，结合“For example”可知，此处是在举例，选项B“‘quite’和“quiet”之间没有联系”符合语境。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据“After learning a bunch of new words, you can write a short story using all of these words.”、“Another method is to create associations (联系) between words.”及“It’s also fun to work together with your classmates.”可知，马瑞介绍了3种记忆和学习英语单词的方法。故选B。 48．推理判断题。根据“For example, when you try to remember a word that has a suffix like ‘-ment’, think of some other words that also have this suffix.”可知，当你试着记住一个有“-ment”这样后缀的单词时，想想其他一些也有这个后缀的单词，结合题干和选项可知，advertisement和achievement都含有“-ment”后缀，所以当我们试图记住“advertisement”时，我们会联想到achieve。故选B。 49．词义猜测题。根据“It’s also fun to work together with your classmates.”可知，此段主要讲述和同学一起合作，所以“company”应是指同伴。故选C。 50．主旨大意题。根据“Here, she shares her tips on memorizing English words in a fast and fun way.”可知，文章主要讲述了有效地记忆英语单词的方法。故选A。 ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 17 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$