2024届高考英语语法专项-主谓一致 学案

专题八 主谓一致 考点梳理 考点一、语法一致 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语 是复数，谓语用复数。 Two students are waiting for you in your office. 有两个学生在你的办公室等你。 考点二、意义一致 1. 谓语动词用单数的情况 (1) 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看做整体，谓语动词用单数。 Sixty years is a long time. 60年是一段长时间。 (2) 由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念作主语。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 (3) “no/ each/ every/ many a + 单数名词 + and + no/ each/ every/ many a + 单数 名词”作主语。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (4) one/ every one/ each/ either/ the number + of + 复数名词作主语。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。 (5) 由every-, any-, some-, no- 和-one, -thing, -body等所构成的不定代词作主语。 Is everybody here today? 今天大家都在这儿吗？ (6) 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好的习惯。 Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。 温馨提示：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若其所指的具体内容是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are books. 他们需要的是书。 2. 谓语动词用复数的情况 (1) the + 形容词或分词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。 The old are living a happy life now. 老年人现在过着幸福的生活。 (2) 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 (3) people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 (4) 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods, stairs, arms等作主语。 The goods are made in China. 这些货物是中国制造的。 (5) 山脉，群岛，瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山是世界屋脊。 (6) a number of / a group of + 可数名词复数作主语。 A number of other plants were found in the mountain. 在山中发现了大量的其他植物。 (7) (large) quantities / amounts of + 名词作主语。 In the past, quantities of waste water were sent into this river. 在过去大量的废水被排放到这条河中。 3. 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定 (1) 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指 个体成员用复数。 The population in China is very large and about 50% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多，其中约50%的人住在农村。 The