2024届高三英语一轮语法专项定语从句讲义与练习

专题十一 定语从句 知识摘要 基本概念 关系代词引导定语从句:that, which, who, whom, whose, as定语从句 关系副词引导定语从句:when, where, why 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句 考点梳理 考点一、基本概念 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词,在从句中充当一定的成分。 引导定语从句的词有: 关系代词that, which, who ,whom, whose, as 关系副词when, where, why The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我们隔壁的人是警察。 先行词 定语从句(who是关系词,在从句中充当主语) 考点二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人,在定语从句中充当主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。 (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 刘先生就是你谈到的那个人。 【温馨提示】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3. which指物,在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大部分男孩喜欢的游戏。(which在句子中作主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。(which在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. 来参观城市的人都在这儿了。(that在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 今天早上我见到的那个人在哪里?(that在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中充当定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个朋友,朋友的爸爸是医生。 (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我过去住在一个屋顶塌陷的房子里。 whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (1) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏掉的那个教室将很快被修理。 (2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 你喜欢那本颜色是黄色的书吗? 考点三、关系代词that的用法 1. 不用that的情况 (1) 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如: (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 那棵有四百年树龄的树在这里很有名。 (2) 介词后不能用。例如: We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 2. 只能用that的情况 (1) 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, nobody, much, little, any等不定代词,或被no, little, all等修饰时。 This is all that I know. 这就是我所知道的全部内容