内容正文:
Unit 3 Environmental Protection—高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册期末复习知识大盘点
一、学习目标整合
1
learn some new words and expressions
2
have a further understanding of the unit
3
learn and master direct speech and indirect speech
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语如果改为间接引语,须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1. 连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
例:The little boy said, "I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door."
小男孩说:“我在玩我的玩具,这时有人敲门。”
(直接引语为陈述句)
→The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.小男孩说,他在玩他的玩具,那时有人敲门。
(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。
例:Mother said to her daughter, "Are you satisfied with your new room?"
妈妈对她的女儿说:“你对你的新房间满意吗?”
(直接引语为一般疑问句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。
(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导,其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
例:"When will the sports meet be held?" he said.
他说:“什么时候举行运动会?”
(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
他问什么时候举行运动会。
(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
注意:
(1)直接引语是陈述句时,若变为间接引语,主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为told sb.。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时,如果主句中谓语动词是said,则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时,要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
练习:将直接引语变换为间接引语
① The patient asked, "Is Dr. Li at the hospital?"
→The patient asked whether/if Dr. Li was at the hospital.
② "Who lost the key to the room?" asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.
2. 人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
记忆口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
(1)“一随主”
指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
例:Mary said, "I want to have a computer of my own."
玛丽说,“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(2)“二随宾”
指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
例:Her colleague said to her, "Who did you ask for a leave?"
她的同事对她说,“你向谁请了假?”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(3)“第三人称不更新”
指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾