第2部分 专题6 第2讲 定语从句（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

第2讲　定语从句 Ⅰ 　定语从句的基本概念及分类 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句。所以，定语从句也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 Ⅱ 　定语从句的关系词 一、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 who 人 作主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 作宾语 which 事物 作主语、宾语、表语 that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或事物 作定语，“whose＋名词”＝“the＋名词＋of which/whom”＝“of which/whom＋the＋名词”，意为“……的” as 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语，用于as anybody can see、as we all know、as we expected、as is reported、as has been announced、as is often the case、such ... as、the same ...as、as ...as等结构中，意为“正如，像，这一点” ①I have the same book as he has. 我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语) ②As anybody can see，a computer can do almost everything people can. ＝A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see. 任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。 ③This is the house whose window was broken last night. ＝This is the house，the window of which was broken last night. ＝This is the house，of which the window was broken last night. 这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。 对点训练 1.For a college student who/that is dedicated to scientific research, there is nothing more inspiring than seeing a successful experiment. 2.Born in Jining City, Shandong Province, in 1927, Qiao Yu, a household name in China, whose real name was Qiao Qingbao, had a long career spanning seven decades in song and script writing. 3.However, being naturally curious, Pandora opened the box, and all the evils of the world that were contained within it escaped and spread over the earth. 4.What began as a two­week trip quickly turned into journeys that/which, both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year. 5.Later, she studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditonal practices. 6.Anyone who is caught providing food for San Francisco's pigeons could face a heavy fine. 7.First of all, I'm very grateful to my teacher, Mrs. Chopra, who trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here. 8.The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle. 9.“It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 10.I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. 二、关系副词的基本用法 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time、day、year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示地点的名词：park、place、country、house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which 注意：先行词为时间、地点、原因时，关系词不一定都要用when、where或why引导，要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which 或that引导。如果定语从句中缺少状语，就用关系副词引导 ①I will never forget the day when I met you. (定语从句中不缺主语或宾语) ②This is the factory that/which we visited last year. (定语从句中谓语visit为及物动词，从句中缺宾语) ③This is the factory where we worked last year. (定语从句中谓语work为不及物动词，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ④This is the house where he was born. (定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ⑤This is the house that/which he was born in. (定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构，不能带宾语，但介词in应带宾语，从句中缺宾语) ⑥This is the house where he once lived. (定语从句中谓语 live为不及物动词，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ⑦This is the house that/which he once lived in. (定语从句中谓语live为不及物动词，不能带宾语，但介词in应带宾语，从句中缺宾语) 对点训练 1.In the lecture, the professor referred to many cases where parents knew their kids' problems but couldn't settle them in a correct way. 2.Looking out of my window today reminded me of a day when I was searching for a special blue bird. 3.People gathered in their gardens where they shared hugs and offered words of hope and faith that they would see themselves through it all. 4.“I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by their eyes are shining and their faces light up，” she said. 5.This is the reason why Jennifer and her colleagues have called for a global pause in any clinical application of the CRISPR technology in human embryos. 6.In European countries, the weekend is usually a time when nobody goes to work. 7.May 30, 2023 is a memorable day, when the Shenzhou­16 manned spaceship was launched successfully. 8.As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. 9.“Esther's Library” was in Snader's apartment until her last year of teaching, when it was moved to the English department, with students volunteering to maintain it since then. 10.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用法 例句 “介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词 when、where、why ①I'll never forget the day on which (when) I joined the army. 我永远不会忘记我参军的那天。 ②The factory in which (where) his father works is far away from the hometown. 他父亲工作的工厂离家乡很远。 ③I don't know the reason for which (why) he was late for school. 我不知道他上学迟到的原因。 “介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom” 指人 ①This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这是他经常用来拍照的照相机。 ②This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。 介词前有 some、any、none、both、all、few、neither、most等代词或名词、数词时，介词一般用of，表示所属关系或整体与部分的关系 ①The Greens have two daughters，both of whom are college students. 格林夫妇有两个女儿，她们都是大学生。 ②He lives in a room，the window of which faces west. 他住在一间窗户朝西的房间里。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”结构 I have a computer with which I can look for much information. ＝I have a computer with which to look for much information. 我有一台可以用来查找许多信息的电脑。 介词＋whose＋名词 Mr. Wang，with whose help I finished the work on time，is one of the teachers I love and respect. 王老师是我敬爱的老师之一，在他的帮助下，我准时完成了任务。 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用 一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 This is the book in which I am interested. This is the book for which I paid ten yuan. Every one needs air，without which we couldn't live. This is the mountain，on top of which stands a tree. There are five judges，all of whom agree you are the best one. 四、定语从句的其他特殊用法 1.当抽象地点名词stage、point、situation、case、system、position、occasion、activity、job等作先行词，且定语从句中缺状语时，用where引导。 Are you facing a situation that/which looks impossible to fix？ 你正面临着一种看起来难以解决的境况吗？ I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了人生中应该自己做决定的阶段。 2.当the way 作先行词，表示方式、方法，且定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺方式状语时，定语从句用that或in which引导(或省略关系词)。如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 I don't like the way (that/in which) he treats me. 我不喜欢他对待我的方式。 对点训练 1.It aims at being a gathering place in which companies can have their own space to promote their products and services through virtual trade fairs. 2.But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad. 3.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. 4.For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of which were set up by local doctors. 5.Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of whom stopped playing football completely. 6.Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge. 7.Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of which could be broken off and made into a powder. 8.Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to whom he made many careful plans for her future. 1.“缺什么，补什么”，准确填写关系词 (1)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句用who/that引导；非限制性定语从句用who引导。 (2)如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句用who/that/whom引导；非限制性定语从句用whom引导。 (3)如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句用which/that引导；非限制性定语从句用which引导。 (4)如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句用when/where引导；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which引导。 (5)不论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。 (6)如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用which。 2.明察秋毫，判常见错误 (1)误用关系词 I was born in New York，where is the biggest city of America. (　×　) I was born in New York，which is the biggest city of America. (　√　) 我出生在美国最大的城市纽约。 (2)句子残缺 There are many students join the chess club. (　×　) There are many students who join the chess club. (　√　) 有很多学生加入象棋俱乐部。 (3)有多余词 The film I saw it last week was really good. (　×　) The film I saw last week was really good. (　√　) 我上周看的那部电影很好。 (4)定语从句与并列句混淆 His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, it didn't help. (　×　) His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, which didn't help/but it didn't help. (　√　) 他的父母告诉过他很多次不要在街上踢足球，但无济于事。 对点训练 ①I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. ②—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut？ —You should try the barber's where I go. It's only 15. ③The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. ④After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling，which turned out to be a wise decision. ⑤Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may turn in the near future. ⑥Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet on which/where life has developed gradually. 1. (2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place that/which welcomes the fast­paced development of modern life，with 21st­century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 2. (2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3. (2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age­old fables. 4. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5. (2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100­kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 6. (2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 7. (2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I decided that if I learned of a company which/that used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 8. (2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that/which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 9. (2021·天津卷)In the spring, a season when we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 10. (2021·北京卷)When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English. And this was the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30­day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，3.where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately，my guide，4.whose teacher was famous，communicated with me face to face，from 5.which I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.who encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.which I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9.which I can memorize a large number of new words.10.As our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$