第2部分 专题6 第2讲 定语从句（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（北师大版）

第2讲　定语从句 [对应学生用书P189] 一 定语从句的基本概念及分类 　　在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，定语从句也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，它可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。 二 定语从句的关系词 (一)关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 who 人 作主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 作宾语 which 事物 作主语、宾语、表语 that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或事物 作定语，“whose＋名词”＝“the＋名词＋of which/whom”＝“of which/whom＋the＋名词”，意为“……的” as 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语，用于as anybody can see，as we all know，as we expected，as is reported，as has been announced，as is often the case，such ...as，the same ...as，as ...as等结构中，意为“正如，像，这一点” ①I have the same book as he has. 我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语) ②As anybody can see，a computer can do almost everything people can. ＝A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see. 任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。 ③This is the house whose window was broken last night. ＝This is the house，the window of which was broken last night. ＝This is the house，of which the window was broken last night. 这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。 (二)关系副词的基本用法 先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词＋关系代词” 的关系 表示时间的名词： time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示地点的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which 表示原因的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which 注意：先行词为时间、地点、原因时，关系词不一定都要用when、where或why引导，要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which 或that引导。如果定语从句中缺少状语，就用关系副词引导 ①I will never forget the day when I met you.(定语从句中不缺主语或宾语) ②This is the factory that/which we visited last year.(定语从句中谓语visit为及物动词，缺宾语) ③This is the factory where we worked last year.(定语从句中谓语work为不及物动词，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ④This is the house where he was born.(定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ⑤This is the house that/which he was born in.(定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构，不能带宾语，但介词in应带宾语，从句中缺宾语) ⑥This is the house where he once lived.(定语从句中谓语 live为不及物动词，不能带宾语，从句中不缺主语或宾语) ⑦This is the house that/which he once lived in.(定语从句中谓语live为不及物动词，不能带宾语，但介词in应带宾语，从句中缺宾语) (三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用法 例句 “介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词 when，where，why ①I'll never forget the day on which(when) I joined the army. 我永远不会忘记我参军的那天。 ②The factory in which(where) his father works is far away from the hometown. 他父亲工作的工厂离家乡很远。 ③I don't know the reason for which(why) he was late for school. 我不知道他上学迟到的原因。 “介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom” 指人 ①This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这是他经常用来拍照的照相机。 ②This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。 介词前有 some，any，none，both，all，few，neither，most等代词或名词、数词时，介词一般用of，表示所属关系或整体与部分的关系 ①The Greens have two daughters，both of whom are college students. 格林夫妇有两个女儿，她们都是大学生。 ②He lives in a room，the window of which faces west. 他住在一间窗户朝西的房间里。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”结构 I have a computer with which I can look for much information. ＝I have a computer with which to look for much information. 我有一台可以用来查找很多信息的电脑。 介词＋whose＋名词 Mr.Wang，with whose help I finished the work on time，is one of the teachers I love and respect. 王老师是我敬爱的老师之一，在他的帮助下，我准时完成了任务。 “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用 一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三个方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。 This is the book in which I am interested. This is the book for which I paid ten yuan. Every one needs air，without which we couldn't live. This is the mountain，on top of which stands a tree. There are five judges，all of whom agree you are the best one. (四)定语从句的其他特殊用法 1．当抽象地点名词stage，point，situation，case，system，position，occasion，activity，job等作先行词，且定语从句中缺状语时，用where引导。 Are you facing a situation that/which looks impossible to fix? 你正面临着一种看起来难以解决的境况吗？ I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已经到了人生中应该自己做决定的阶段。 2．当the way 作先行词，表示方式、方法，且定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺方式状语时，定语从句用that或in which引导(或省略关系词)。如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 I don't like the way (that/in which) he treats me. 我不喜欢他对待我的方式。 [对应学生用书P192] 一、“缺什么，补什么”，准确填写关系词 1．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句用who/that引导；非限制性定语从句用who引导。 2．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句用who/that/whom引导；非限制性定语从句用whom引导。 3．如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句用which/that引导；非限制性定语从句用which引导。 4．如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句用when/where引导；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which引导。 5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。 6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用which。 二、明察秋毫，辨别常见错误 1．误用关系词 I was born in New York，where is the biggest city of America.(　×　) I was born in New York，which is the biggest city of America.(　√　) 我出生在美国最大的城市纽约。 2．句子残缺 There are many students join the chess club.(　×　) There are many students who join the chess club.(　√　) 有很多学生加入象棋俱乐部。 3．有多余词 The film I saw it last week was really good.(　×　) The film I saw last week was really good.(　√　) 我上周看的那部电影很好。 4．定语从句与并列句混淆 His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, it didn't help.(　×　) His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, which didn't help/but it didn't help.(　√　) 他的父母告诉过他很多次不要在街上踢足球，但无济于事。 对点训练 ①I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. ②—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber's where I go. It's only 15. ③The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. ④After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, which turned out to be a wise decision. ⑤Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may turn in the near future. ⑥Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet on which/where life has developed gradually. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$