第1部分 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

一　必背重点词汇 1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 2．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 3．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 4．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 5．mostly adv.主要地；一般地 6．flee vi.& vt.迅速离开；逃跑 7．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 8．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动 9．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 10．passion n．酷爱；激情 11．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 二　串记拓展词汇 1．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．承诺；奉献 2．academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 4．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓越→distinctive adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的 5．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 6．analyse (NAmE ­ze) vt.分析→analysis ([pl.]analyses) n．分析 7．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的→apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 8．science n．科学→scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n．科学家 9．conclude vt.得出结论；推断出；(使)结束→conclusion n．结论；推论 10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．基础；创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；发起人 11．politics n．政治；政治活动→politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→political adj.政治的 12．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 13．institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑→institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗 14．consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequence n．结果；后果→consequently adv.因此；所以 15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的 n．专业人士 16．remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起→remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 三　熟识阅读词汇 1．physiology n.生理学；生理机能 2．objective n.目标；目的 adj.客观的 3．botanical adj.植物学的 4．property n.性质；特征；财产 5．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 6．liquid n.液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7．substance n.物质；物品；事实根据 8．novelist n.小说家 9．chart n.图表 vt.记录；制订计划 10．numerous adj.众多的；许多的 11．theory n.理论；学说 12．relativity n.相对论；相对性 13．formula n.公式；方程式；配方 14．genius n.天才；天资；天赋 15．patent n.专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 16．doctorate n.博士学位 17．moustache n.上唇的胡子；髭 18．peculiarity n.个性；特点；怪异的性质 19．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇 20．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 21．device n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器 四　牢记核心短语 1．目的是with the objective of 2．起初in the beginning 3．一批；一堆a collection of 4．偶然；意外地by chance 5．超过，多于more than 6．承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 7．坚决要求insist on 8．(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗wear and tear 9．因为，由于due to 10．(开始)掌权；上台come to power 11．因此as a consequence 12．担任；任职take up a position 13．总结；概括sum up 五　活用经典句式 1．句型：upon/on doing ...一……就…… 教材原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine ...” 当得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这项荣誉不只是我一个人的……” 2．句型：独立主格结构 教材原句：He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2． 他对世界作出了许多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。 3．句型：While doing ... 教材原句：While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905． 在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 4．句型：as though/if 引导方式状语从句 教材原句：He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock． 他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，头发有时会竖起来，好像刚被电击似的。 主题语境——对社会有突出贡献的人物 写作高分词汇 1．achievement n．成就；成绩；功绩 2．ambitious adj.有雄心的；有抱负的 3．background n．背景 4．contribute v．贡献 5．creative adj.富有创造力的 6．failure n．失败 7．hardship n．困难 8．honour ([美]honor) n．荣誉；光荣vt.尊敬；给予表扬 9．inspire vt.鼓舞；激励 10．intelligence n．智力；才智；智慧 11．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的 12．qualification n. (通过考试获得的)资格；学历 写作高频短语 1．be honored as ...被誉为…… 2．be active in ...积极从事…… 3．be enthusiastic about ...对……热情 4．do well in ...在……方面擅长 5．learn from ...向……学习 6．set a good example to ...为……树立一个好榜样 7．think highly/well of ...对……高度评价 心理描写之“后悔” 亮点词块必记 1．sorry adj.遗憾的；难过的 2．regretful adj.后悔的；遗憾的 3．ashamed adj.羞愧的；羞耻的 4．guilty adj.内疚的；羞愧的；有罪的；有过失的 5．much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 6．be full of guilt/be consumed with guilt 满怀愧疚 7．regret doing sth.后悔做某事 8．feel regretful about doing sth.后悔做某事 9．be ashamed of (doing) sth.为做某事而羞愧/羞耻 10．be guilty about doing sth.因做某事而愧疚 亮点句式背诵 1．With/Holding the little dog statue in his hand, the old man felt a flood of regret welled up in him.手里拿着小狗雕塑，老人感到心中涌起一阵懊悔。 2．“If I hadn't quarreled with Tom, I wouldn't have to be here.” Jane thought regretfully, with tears welling up in her eyes.“如果我没有和汤姆吵架，我就不会在这里了。”简后悔地想，眼里涌出了泪水。 3．Filled with guilt, I rushed out to apologize to Tom.我满怀内疚，冲出去向汤姆道歉。 4．Looking at Tom's face wet with tears, I began to feel guilty.看着汤姆泪流满面，我开始感到内疚。 5．I stayed there with tears of regret in my eyes. If only I hadn't quarreled with Tom！我待在那里，眼里噙着后悔的泪水。要是我没有和汤姆吵架就好了！ 写作词汇·会写 1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 2．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行 3．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 4．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 5．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 6．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 拓展词汇·会用 1．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．承诺；奉献 2．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的→apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 3．science n．科学→scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n．科学家 4．conclude vt.得出结论；推断出；(使)结束→conclusion n．结论；推论 5．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 6．consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequence n．结果；后果→consequently adv.因此；所以 [单句填空] 1．Apparently (apparent), my dad had carefully considered my message, reached back into his memory and crafted a response. 2．Gradually (gradual) with great eagerness to do well in the speech contest, I was completely focused on the contents. 3．Maybe if I were her, I would expect that the boy who did wrong should stand out to tell the truth and face the consequence (consequent) bravely. 4．I am so moved by her scientific (science) spirit that I am determined to brave the challenges and try different ways to solve my problems. 5．In the rest time for National College Entrance Examination, I'm committed (commit) to making full use of my limited time to fulfill my goal, living up to the expectations of those loving me. 6．The available evidence clearly leads to the conclusion (conclude) that the media do have an influence on the public's perception (认知) of crime. 重点短语·活用 1．in the beginning 起初 2．by chance 偶然；意外；碰巧 3．insist on 坚决要求 4．as a consequence 结果 5．take up a position 担任；任职 6．sum up 总结；概括 [选择合适的短语填空] 1．I came here by chance and was just watching what was going on, when this girl came up to me. 2．On the second day, Leo was late for roll call. As a consequence, he was punished and had to do push­ups. 3．I hadn't sewed anything before. In the beginning, it took me a lot of practice. 4．To sum up, we can't stress the importance of a healthy diet too much. 5．He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council. 6．I insist on listening to or speaking English for 20 minutes every day. 经典句式·熟记 1．句型：upon/on doing ...一……就…… 教材原句：Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine ...” 2．句型：as though/if 引导方式状语从句 教材原句：He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. [句式仿写] 1．李刚一看到那一幕，马上就过去帮助她。 Upon/On seeing that scene, Li Gang went immediately to help her. 2．他看着我，好像我不存在似的。 He looked at me as though/if I weren't there． 教材美文诵读 In 2015，Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine because she discovered artemisinin，which is a vital 1.treatment (treat) for malaria. Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo，China in 1930 and 2.graduated (graduate) from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967，she，together with a team of 3.scientists (scientist)，began to discover a new treatment for malaria. In 1969，as the head of the project，she decided 4.to find (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease from ancient Chinese medical texts. She got an inspiration from one medical text of the fourth century，which suggested 5.using (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. At first her team tested a collection of 6.dried (dry) wormwood leaves but it didn't work. Then they tried boiling fresh wormwood 7.but had no effect，either. However，she didn't acknowledge the defeat and finally found a different way to treat the wormwood. She drew out the extract from the wormwood 8.at a lower temperature and found a substance that worked. 9.Luckily (lucky)，her team finally succeeded in 1971 and the medicine，10.which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 1 　vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 单句填空 ①Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. ②As far as I'm concerned，it is vital to keep (keep) accurate records. ③If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we (should) begin (begin) with small things. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之感谢信)你细心地修改我的稿子，帮我改正语法错误，这对我准确地表达我的想法至关重要。 You carefully polished my script and helped me correct grammar mistakes, which is of vital importance for conveying my ideas accurately． ①be vital to/for ...对……是至关重要的 It is vital to do ...做……是极其重要的。 ②It is vital that ...……是十分重要的。(that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 2 　commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 单句填空 ①The new graduate kept his commitment (commit) and returned back to his hometown to teach us. ②After realizing the delay, he committed himself (he) to doing it at once. 句式升级 ③As she was committed to the project，she seldom played with her children. →Committed to the project，she seldom played with her children. (形容词短语作状语) 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之活动介绍)首先，我们的课程聚焦于吸引青少年的话题，致力于提高学生对国内和国际事务的理解。 To begin with, focusing on the topics appealing to teenagers，our programme is committed to enhancing students' understanding of domestic and international affairs. ⑤(读后续写之动作描写)他渴望被这所著名的研究院录取，因此，他每天都专心致志地学习。 He desires to be admitted to the famous academy and therefore，he is committed to studying hard on a daily basis． ①commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/犯错误 ②committed 　adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 be committed to (doing) sth.承诺/致力于(做)某事 ③commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺；保证 make a commitment to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事 3 　acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 单句填空 ①They have acknowledged taking/having taken (take) every means to fight against any possible attack. ②He is widely acknowledged to be (be)the best player in the world. ③He was acknowledged (acknowledge) as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之人物描写)在被广泛认可的中国古代名医中，我认为华佗是最有影响力的。 Among the Chinese ancient famous doctors that are widely acknowledged, Hua Tuo is the most influential in my opinion. ⑤(应用文写作之征文投稿)大家普遍认为这部电影不仅具有教育意义，而且充满激情。 It is generally/widely acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion. ①acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 acknowledge that ... 承认…… acknowledge ... to be/as ...认为……是…… ②It is generally/widely acknowledged that ...人们普遍认为…… 4 　conclusion n．结论；推论 单句填空 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes (conclude) with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. ②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job. ③He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” ④In conclusion，so long as you insist on doing so，you will gather a harvest. 一句多译 ⑤我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 →I concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclude) →I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclusion) ①in conclusion最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论 ②conclude vt.作出……结论，推断出；结束 conclude ...with sth./by doing sth.以某事物/做某事结束 conclude from ...从……中得出结论 “总而言之”的其他表达还有in short、in brief、in a word、all in all、to sum up、briefly speaking、on the whole等。 5 　consequence n．结果；后果 单句填空 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)What is a consequence (consequent) of food waste according to the text? ②Alice put her heart into her studies last term，and consequently (consequent)，she made great progress in the final examination. ③He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之人物描写)因为他的努力，他最终被北京大学录取。 As a consequence of his hard work，he was eventually admitted to Peking University. ①accept/face/take the consequences 承担后果 as a consequence /in consequence 因此； 所以 as a consequence of/in consequence of由于； 因为 ②consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的 ③consequently adv.因此；所以 6 　take up站好位置以备……；开始从事(某项工作)；接受；占用(时间)；占据(空间等)；继续(中断的话)；拿起 赏句猜义 ①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 开始从事 ②She took up the story where she had left off the night before. 继续 ③(2023·浙江1月卷)But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. 占据 ④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. 接受 单句填空 ⑤I acknowledged that I hardly took in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits. ⑥The smart professor had no difficulty taking apart the fridge and repaired it successfully. ⑦With the remarkable development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look. 单句写作 ⑧(读后续写之动作描写)他毫不犹豫地接受了这个任务。 He took up the task without any hesitation. take up a position担任；任职 take apart拆开；拆卸 take in接受；吸收；理解；注意到；欺骗 take on披上；呈现；具有；雇用；承担 take over接收；接管 take off突然成功；脱下；起飞 As a student, there is no doubt that learning is the primary task, which will take up most of the time and energy. 作为一名学生，毫无疑问，学习是首要任务，它会占用大部分的时间和精力。 7 　sum up总结；概括 单句填空 ①To be a good learner, you should have a good study plan and you have to sum up what you have learned often. ②He wanted to give Der Lun and his mother a sum of money because they had been kind to him. ③In sum, talent is not so important as working hard in either study or daily work. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之建议信)总之，我希望你能不辜负学校的期望，而且我坚信努力就会有回报！ To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school and I firmly believe hard work will pay off! sum vi.& n．总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和 to sum up概括起来说；总(而言)之 a large sum of 一大笔；大量的 in sum 总而言之；大体上 to sum up是一个独立成分，一般放在句首，用逗号和句子其他成分隔开，可以等同于in a/one word、all in all、altogether或to conclude等。 Ⅰ.要点拾遗 1 　defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 ①(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated (defeat)two Russians. ②只有这样，我们才能最终战胜自然灾害。 Only in this way can we defeat natural disasters in the end. (部分倒装) 2 　remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 ①(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here. ②今年她因在教学上取得的显著成就被授予“最美教师”称号。 This year she is awarded as “the most beautiful teacher” for what she has achieved remarkably on teaching. (宾语从句) Ⅱ.一词多义/熟词生义 1 　根据语境选出acknowledge的含义 ①I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens. C ②It's widely acknowledged that reading benefits us in many ways. A ③All applications will be acknowledged by emails. B 2 　根据语境选出flow的含义 ①Believing in such a world，many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross­border flows of capital，labour and goods，with poor results. A ②Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text. B ③As we know，the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas. C ④It's here that the river flows down into the ocean. D ⑤Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from the troubled region into the district. E 3 　根据语境选出device的含义 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high­quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. C ②The report was a device used to hide rather than reveal problems. B ③Sending advertising by email is very successful as a marketing device. A 4 　写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性及含义 ①Perhaps we should commit these ideas to paper before we forget them. v.把……记(或写)下来 ②Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance. adj.新颖的 ③Read this extract from an information booklet about the work of an airline cabin crew. n.摘录 ④The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans. n.目的 ⑤Now that Tony was no longer present，there was a distinct change in her attitude. adj.明显的 ⑥The custom still obtains with most people. v.流行 Ⅰ.单句填空 1．Under/In no circumstances will my mother permit me to go out alone at night. 2．Apparently (apparent)，we can't judge people from external appearances. 3．I acknowledge making/having made (make) a bet with his classmate. 4．Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) some odd things. 5．To sum up，we can tackle the problem in this scientific manner. 6．From the proof we have gathered，we can indeed draw a conclusion (conclude) that he has broken the law. 7．Insisting that Mary had borrowed (borrow) her scissors，the old tailor insisted that she (should) give (give) them back as soon as possible. 8．It is normal for us students to feel anxious and nervous before important examinations. 9．We tried to find a table for seven，but as a matter of fact，they were all taken up． 10．Committed (commit) to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn't spare any time to go on holiday. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．我感激地看着他们，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。(独立主格) I gazed at them gratefully, tears rolling down my cheeks. 2．他们快速而平稳地移动和跳跃，越过每一个障碍，好像在飞翔一般，所有的观众都热烈鼓掌。(as though/if) They moved and jumped fast and smoothly across every obstacle as if they were flying, which made all the audience applaud heatedly. 3．在公园散步的时候，她遇到了一个老朋友。(状语从句的省略) While walking in the park，she met an old friend. 4．打开伞，他发现了那块大补丁。(upon/on doing ...) Upon/On unfolding his umbrella, he found the big patch. 5．在开始游泳之前，她一直在踢足球。(take up) Before she took up swimming, she had been playing soccer. 一　应用文写作增分练 征文投稿(介绍你最钦佩的人) [单句写作] 1．我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师李老师，她非常善良和勤奋。 The person I respect most is my English teacher, Miss Li, who is very kind and hard­working. 2．她乐于助人，愿意帮助我们班上的每一个学生。 She's so helpful that she is ready to help every student in our class. 3．由于她的帮助，我在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。 Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my English study. 4．现在我可以在公共场合说流利的英语，而且不再感到紧张了。 Now I can speak fluent English in public and don't feel nervous any more. 5．李老师不仅教我学习，而且教我成为一个善良和热心的人。 Miss Li teaches me not only to learn but also to be a kind and warm­hearted person. [连句成篇](用恰当的连词或衔接词将上面的句子连成一篇短文) [参考范文] The person I respect most is my English teacher, Miss Li, who is very kind and hard­working. She's so helpful that she is ready to help every student in our class. Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my English study. Now I can speak fluent English in public and don't feel nervous any more. In a word, Miss Li teaches me not only to learn but also to be a kind and warm­hearted person. 二　续写提能练 心理描写之“后悔” [续写语料] 词汇 sorry adj.后悔的，懊悔的 regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜 regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的 guiltily adv.内疚地；有罪地 词块 much to one's regret/to one's great regret 令某人深感遗憾的是 with deep/great regret 很遗憾地 utter a cry of regret后悔地喊了起来 regret with endless anxiety悔恨不安 [写作运用] 请结合所给语料，完成下面语段。 一个小时后，令简吃惊的是她在森林里迷了路。简跪在地上，悔恨的泪水模糊了她的双眼。她抓着头发，发出后悔的喊叫。所有这些美好的回忆涌上心头，她忍不住哭了：“如果我不是和汤姆吵了一架，走开，爬到高处，我就不会被困在这个可怕的地方了！”她悔恨交加，焦虑不已。过了一会儿，她含着泪水睡着了。 [参考范文] An hour later，what alarmed Jane was that she got lost in the forest. Jane sank to her knees，with tears of regret clouding her eyes. Clutching her hair，she uttered a cry of regret. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldn't help crying, “Hadn't I quarreled with Tom，walked away and climbed to the high place，I wouldn't be trapped in this awful place！” She regretted with endless anxiety, and after a while became asleep with tears in her eyes. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$