第1部分 必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

一　必背重点词汇 1．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 2．attitude n．态度；看法 3．means n．方式；方法；途径 4．dynasty n．王朝；朝代 5．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著 6．regard n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待 7．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 8．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术 9．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系 10．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 11．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 12．vocabulary n．词汇 二　串记拓展词汇 1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．指称关系；参考；提及；涉及；查阅 2．symbol n．符号；象征→symbolize v．象征 3．variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的 4．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大部分→ minority n．少数 5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪 6．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的 7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.专门地；明确地 8．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐 9．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；平均地 10．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的 11．describe vt.描述→description n．描写(文字)；形容 12．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n.关系；亲属→relationship n．关系；血缘关系 三　熟识阅读词汇 1．billion n.十亿 2．factor n.因素；要素 3．bone n.骨头；骨(质) 4．shell n.壳；壳状物 5．carve vt.& vi.雕刻 6．dialect n.地方话；方言 7．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 8．tongue n.舌头；语言 9．semester n.学期 10．petrol n.汽油 11．subway n.地铁 12．gap n.间隔；开口；差距 四　牢记核心短语 1．指的是；描述；提到；查阅refer to 2．浮沉；兴衰；荣辱ups and downs 3．追溯到date back (to ...) 4．各种各样的varieties of 5．朝一个方向in one direction 6．很重要be of great importance 7．在……中起作用play a role in ... 8．越来越多的an increasing number of 9．观点；看法point of view 10．与……相关；涉及；谈到relate to 11．缩小差距bridge the gap 12．把……当作……regard ...as ... 五　活用经典句式 1．句型：why引导定语从句 教材原句：There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 这个成为可能有很多原因，但其中一个主要因素是中国书写体系。 2．句型：be＋of＋抽象名词 教材原句：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非常重要的意义。 3．句型：no matter where引导状语从句 教材原句：Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4．句型：“介词＋which”引导定语从句 教材原句：Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 5．句型：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……(就)越…… 教材原句：It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会越灵活。 主题语境——语言 写作高分词汇 1．communicate v．交流 2．grammar n．语法 3．culture n．文化 4．background n．背景 5．phrase v. (以某种方式)表达 n．短语 6．practice n．练习 7．effective adj.有效的 8．accurate adj.精确的 9．correct v．纠正 10．actively adv.积极地；主动地 11．composition n．作文 12．recitation n．朗诵 写作高频短语 1．Chinese classics中国古典文学；国学 2．make mistakes犯错 3．have a good command of精通 4．get the hang of掌握……窍门 5．face­to­face interaction面对面交流 6．be exposed to接触 7．form a good habit of养成……的习惯 8．have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难 9．make great progress取得巨大的进步 10．enhance vocabulary增加词汇量 动作描写之“口” 亮点词块必记 1．curl one's lip撇嘴 2．bite one's lip 咬嘴唇；欲言又止 3．grit one's teeth 咬紧牙关 4．purse one's lips 噘起嘴唇 5．lick/smack one's lips 舔嘴唇 6．one's teeth chatter某人的牙齿打战 7．one's mouth falls open某人惊得目瞪口呆 8．chew one's food well before swallowing it细嚼慢咽 亮点句式背诵 1．Sometimes I hardly dare open my mouth.有时我几乎不敢开口。 2．He wiped his greasy mouth on his sleeve.他用袖子擦了擦油乎乎的嘴巴。 3．“Come here now！” she growled through her teeth.“快到这儿来！”她咬牙切齿地咆哮道。 4．He covered his mouth to hide his yawn.他捂住嘴偷偷打了个哈欠。 5．Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴变得僵硬。 6．She froze, her mouth hanging open.她呆住了，嘴张着。 7．Our mouths dropped open in surprise.我们惊讶地张大了嘴巴。 8．His mouth widened to a smile.他咧开嘴笑了。 9．A smile played around his mouth.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。 10．He began to stuff his mouth with pasta.他开始往嘴里塞意大利面。 11．Aaron nodded，and the corners of his mouth turned up slightly.亚伦点了点头，他的嘴角微微上扬。 写作词汇·会写 1．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 2．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据 3．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 4．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系 5．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 6．beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 拓展词汇·会用 1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．指称关系；参考；推荐信；提到；涉及；查阅 2．variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的 3．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大部分→ minority n．少数 4．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪 5．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→appreciation n.感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的 6．equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样；相等地；平均地 7．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的 8．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述；形容 [单句填空] 1．Visit the palace and its various (vary) historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost! 2．The great majority (major) of people seem to agree with this view. 3．Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference (refer). 4．It's reported that polar bears are in danger because of global (globe) warming. 5．I think we need to do more to promote education equality (equal). 6．A thank­you note or telephone call is also considered polite and is an appropriate way to express your appreciation (appreciate). 7．He found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand) job. 8．The view from the top was quite beyond description (describe). 重点短语·活用 1．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．date back (to ...) 追溯到 4．play a role in ... 在……中起作用 5．point of view 观点；看法 6．relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 [选择合适的短语填空] 1．That stone structure dates back to the Ming Dynasty. 2．For further information, please refer to the relevant books. 3．We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to recovery. 4．Everyone should play a role in the “Clean Plate Campaign” and say no to food waste. 5．From my point of view，being a nurse can help many people recover and save their lives. 6．Poor educational performance is related to emotional disturbance. 经典句式·熟记 1．句型：“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构 教材原句：That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 2．句型：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，(就)越…… 教材原句：It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. [句式仿写] 1．拥有花园的房子是很有价值的。 There being a house with a garden is of great value． 2．他为自己的兴趣投入的时间越多，就越能熟练掌握它。 The more time he spent on his hobby, the more skilled he became at it. 教材美文诵读 China is 1.widely (wide) famous for its ancient 2.civilisation (civilise) which has continued into modern times thanks to the Chinese writing system. At the beginning，written Chinese was a language 3.based (base) on symbols carved on bones and shells. The symbols had become a well­developed writing system by the Shang Dynasty. In the Shang Dynasty，Chinese people 4.were divided (divide) geographically，5.leading (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.6. After Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major 7.states (state)，he had the Chinese writing system unified，8.which helped unite Chinese people and culture. Today，almost all Chinese people can communicate in writing. Now with China playing 9.an important role in global affairs，more and more international students are beginning to appreciate China through this 10.amazing (amaze) language. 1 　refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 单句填空 ①He referred (refer) to the dictionary to get the exact meaning of the word. ②The Amazon rainforest is referred to as the lung of the Earth. ③The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之投稿)《青年》被称为我最好的朋友，它陪伴我度过了整个高中。 Youth, referred to as my best friend, accompanied me through my whole high school. ⑤(应用文写作之建议信)关于餐桌礼仪，我想给你一些建议，希望对你有帮助。 In/With reference to table manners，I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you. ①refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 refer ...to ...把……送交给…… refer to ...as ...把……称作…… ②reference n．指称关系；参考；推荐信；提到，涉及；参考书目 in/with reference to关于 reference book/material参考书/参考资料 Do remember the speech should be given without referring to the notes. 记住演讲时不应查看笔记。 2 　base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据 单句填空 ①The movie，based (base) on a real­life incident，turned out to be a success. ②Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic (base) part of communicating among people. ③She was chosen for the job on the basis (base) of her qualifications. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之建议信)我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗，你应该先让长者用餐。 I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners．Based on traditional Chinese customs，you should let the elderly eat first. ①base ...on/upon ...以……为基础(或根据) be based on/upon ...以……为基础(或根据) ②based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 ③basis n．基础；基准；原因 on a daily/day­to­day/weekly basis 按每天/每周一次的标准 on the basis of在……的基础上；根据，基于……(原因) ④basic adj.基本的；基础的 ⑤basically adv.大体上；基本上 The book is based on personal experience. 这本书是根据个人经历写成的。 3 　variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 单句填空 ①The prices of some vegetables vary with the season. ②The goods in the supermarket vary in size，colour and price. 一句多译 ③对这件事的看法因人而异。 →Opinions on this matter vary from person to person. (vary) →There are a variety of/varieties of opinions on this matter. (variety) →There are various opinions on this matter. (various) 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之地点介绍)北京有各种各样的旅游景点和历史遗迹。 There are a variety of/varieties of tourist attractions and historic sites in Beijing. ①a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 ②vary vt. (略为)变更，改变 vi.不同；变化 vary from ...to ...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth.在某方面不同 vary with ...随……而变化 ③various adj.多姿多彩的；各种各样的；各种不同的 Prices vary with the quantity ordered. 价格随订购数量的不同而有所变化。 4 　major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 单句填空 ①However, the majority (major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be. ②People who can speak English are in the majority in this country. 单句写作 ③(应用文写作之人物介绍)早年，他就读于一所艺术学校，主修表演。 In his early life, he studied in an art school, majoring in acting. ①major in主修 ②majority n．大部分；大多数 a/the majority of大多数；大部分 in a/the majority占大多数 When Rachel went to college, she majored in English. 雷切尔上大学时主修英语。 5 　means n．方式；方法；途径 单句填空 ①Nowadays many people travel across China by means of high­speed trains. 单句写作 ②(应用文写作之建议信)无论如何，试着让自己远离压力。 By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. ③(应用文写作之建议信)只有通过这种方法，我们才能学好化学。 Only by this means can we learn chemistry well. ④(应用文写作之建议信)面对挑战，我们决不会放弃希望。 By no means will we give up hope when faced with challenges. means单复数同形，要根据其修饰语确定谓语动词的单复数。例如： All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. 6 　appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 单句填空 ①I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in your company. ②I would like to convey my sincere appreciation (appreciate) to you for your assistance. 单句写作 ③(应用文写作之人物介绍)范仲淹作为宋代著名的文学家和政治家，因对社会的巨大贡献而受到人们的高度评价。 Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. 一句多译 ④如果您能在方便的时候尽早回复我，我将不胜感激。 →I would appreciate your/you replying to me at your earliest convenience. (appreciate sb.'s doing) →I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience. (appreciate it if ...) ①appreciate sb./sth. 欣赏/赏识…… appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth.感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if ...如果……我将不胜感激。 ②appreciation n．欣赏；感激；同情；理解 express one's appreciation/thanks to sb.表达对某人的感激之情 I would appreciate it if you could take my application/suggestions into account. 如果您能考虑一下我的申请/建议，我将不胜感激。 7 　equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 单句填空 ①After a month of training, he became equal to the work as a tractor driver. ②In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality (equal) and personal achievement. ③(2021·天津卷)She is equally (equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之申请信)我相信我能胜任一名志愿者的工作。 I am convinced that I am equal to taking up the position as a volunteer. ①be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比 be equal to sth.与……相等；能应付某事 be equal to doing sth.胜任做某事 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得上/抵得过某人/物 ②equality n．平等；相等 ③equally adv.相等地；平等地；同样 8 　demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 单句填空 ①It's safe to assume there will always be a demand for new software. ②The tickets for the ball game are in great demand. ③I don't think she is equal to such a demanding (demand) job. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之邀请信)由于我们篮球俱乐部招收新成员，我写信邀请你加入。 As new members are in demand in our basketball club, I'm writing to invite you to join it. 一句多译 ⑤父亲要求双胞胎在他帮忙做早餐时把厨房打扫干净。 →Father demanded that the twins (should) clean up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast. →Father demanded the twins to clean up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast. ①demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that ... (should) do要求…… ②be in (great) demand需求量(很)大 demand for sth.对某物的要求/需求 meet/satisfy one's demand (s) 满足某人的要求/需求 ③demanding adj.难满足的；苛刻的；费力的；要求高的 9 　date back (to ...) 追溯到 单句填空 ①We visited an old temple dating (date) back to the Tang Dynasty yesterday. ②Dating (date) back to 100 years ago，the building attracts many visitors from all over the world. 一句多译 ③中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 →Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history，which dates back to more than 1，000 years ago. (定语从句) →Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history，dating back to more than 1，000 years ago. (现在分词作定语) ①date from追溯到；始于；自……至今 ②out of date 过时的 up to date最新的；现代的 up to date with ...与……保持同步；赶上……的潮流 date back (to)一般只用于现在时，没有被动语态。 10　“be of＋抽象名词”结构 That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。 单句填空 ①The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students. ②I believe that cultural exchange between different countries is of great importance (important). 一句多译 ③我希望以上这些建议对你有帮助。 →I hope these suggestions above will be helpful to you. (be＋adj.) →I hope these suggestions above will be of help to you. (be of＋n.) ①“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。 ②常见的抽象名词有importance、value、use、help、benefit、significance等。 ③这些名词可用great、little、some、any、no、much等修饰，用以说明程度。 11　the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ... It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow. 这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的学习越多，我的大脑就越成熟。 单句填空 ①The harder you work，the greater (great) progress you will make. ②The more careful you are，the fewer (few) mistakes you will make. ③The higher (high) you climb，the farther (far) you will see. 单句写作 ④(应用文写作之建议信)越是经常抓住机会和外国人交谈，说外语时你就越自信。 The more often you seize opportunities to talk to foreigners, the more confident you will be when speaking a foreign language. ①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，(就)越……”。 ②表示一方随另一方变化。前一个“the＋比较级 ...”是条件状语从句，后一个是主句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 Ⅰ.要点拾遗 1 　regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 ①(应用文写作之邀请信)请代我问候你的父母，并邀请他们一起参观。 Please give my regards to your parents and invite them to have a visit together. ②(应用文写作之投稿)关于我最喜欢的中国诗人，我想把李白介绍给大家。 With regard to my favorite Chinese poet, I'd like to introduce Li Bai to you. ③(应用文写作之建议信)你向我征求关于如何学好汉语的意见，我在此提出一些实用的建议。 You have asked me for advice regarding how to learn Chinese well, and I'm offering some practical suggestions. 2 　struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 ①(读后续写之动作描写)我挣扎着把头抬出水面，我的肺几乎要爆炸了。 Lungs nearly bursting, I struggled to lift my head out of the water. ②(读后续写之动作描写)他挣扎着站起身，一句话也没说就走了。 He struggled to his feet and went away without saying a word. Ⅱ.一词多义/熟词生义 1 　根据语境选出major的含义 ①Her major is English so she has no difficulty communicating with foreigners. B ②He majored in finance at Claremont Men's College in California. C ③He was a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. A 2 　根据语境选出regard的含义 ①She regarded him curiously for a moment. D ②Please give my regards to your parents. C ③I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved. A ④But Wilson did not regard the accident as catastrophic. B 3 　根据语境选出character的含义 ①As we all know，Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize. D ②Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film. C ③The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town. B ④Sports can be good for character building. A 4 　写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性及含义 ①People in the city held the judge in high regard. n.尊重；敬佩 ②Until then did I fully appreciate what my parents had done for me. v.理解；意识到 ③He showed great character returning to the sport after his accident. n.毅力 ④Our cars are the equals of those produced anywhere in the world. n.相等物 ⑤He was begging and trying to get $25 to find a cheap hotel where he could sleep for some hours. v.乞讨 Ⅰ.单句填空 1．Most of the people could make boats in a variety (vary)of shapes and sizes for travelling along the rivers and in the oceans. 2．I started college，majored in fine art and took classes in drawing and design. 3．We greatly appreciate you giving (give) us a timely hand when faced with trouble. 4．She tried to ensure her affection was equally (equal) shared among all three children. 5．This was the first time that I had struggled to learn (learn) a song. 6．It was demanded that the working conditions (should) be improved (improve) as soon as possible 7．My excitement was truly beyond description (describe) at that moment. 8. (2023·全国乙卷)Apart from the knowledge and skills related (relate) to my major, I'm really good with computers. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．换句话说，这就是人们喜欢远足的原因。(why引导的定语从句) In other words, there's the reason why people like to go hiking． 2．保护民族文化和民俗文化具有重要意义。(be of＋n.) The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance． 3．无论你身在何处，微笑总会被人理解。 No matter where you are，a smile will always be understood. 4．他们正是你可以向其寻求帮助的人。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) They are the very people to whom you can always turn for help. 5．她越是鼓励他，他的反应就越快，他对学习表现出了很大的兴趣。(the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...) The more she encouraged him，the faster he responded and he showed much interest in study. 一　应用文写作增分练 博客(语言学习的重要性) [单句写作] 1．无论我们去哪个国家，我们都应该和当地人交流。因此，说一口流利的外语是非常重要的。 No matter which country we go to, we should communicate with the natives, so speaking a fluent foreign language is of great importance. 2．说到外语，我们大部分人认为它指的是英语。英语被认为是国际语言。 When it comes to a foreign language, most of us think that it refers to English, which is regarded as an international language. 3．根据一项调查，全世界有数十亿人会说英语。 Based on a survey, billions of people around the world can speak English. 4．英语在世界各地的交流中发挥着重要作用。 English plays an important role in communication around the world. 5．在我看来，我们应该努力学好英语，为国家做出贡献。 From my point of view, we should struggle to learn English well and make contributions to our country. [连句成篇](用恰当的连词或衔接词将上面的句子连成一篇短文) [参考范文] No matter which country we go to, we should communicate with the natives, so speaking a fluent foreign language is of great importance. When it comes to a foreign language，most of us think that it refers to English，which is regarded as an international language. Based on a survey, billions of people around the world can speak English. Therefore, English plays an important role in communication around the world. From my point of view, we should struggle to learn English well and make contributions to our country. 二　续写提能练 动作描写之“口” [续写语料] 词汇 choke v．噎住　spit v．吐　bite v．咬 swallow v．吞咽　chew v．咀嚼 词块 open/close/shut/cover/wipe one's mouth张嘴/闭嘴/捂住嘴/擦嘴 fill/stuff one's mouth with ...用……填满/塞满嘴巴 pig out/wolf down/eat like a wolf 狼吞虎咽 live hand to mouth 过着勉强糊口的生活 choke on 被……噎住 keep your mouth shut 守口如瓶 [写作运用] 请结合所给语料，完成下面语段。 虽然一对贫穷的夫妇过着勉强糊口的生活，但他们心地善良，经常帮助别人。一天，他们给了一个饥饿的男孩一些食物。男孩嘴里塞满了食物，狼吞虎咽地吃着，差点被食物噎住。这对夫妇告诉他在吞咽食物之前要好好咀嚼。 [参考范文] Although a poor couple lived hand to mouth, they were kind and often helped others. One day, they gave some food to a hungry boy. The boy stuffed his mouth with food and ate like a wolf, narrowly choking on food. The couple told him to chew his food well before swallowing it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$