第1部分 必修第二册 UNIT 6 Earth first（Word教参）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（外研版）

[对应学生用书P76] (2023·福建福州高三质检)假定你是李华，在全国防灾减灾日(National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day)即将到来之际，你校开展了一系列活动。请你写信和你的国外笔友Jack分享一下活动开展的情况。内容包括： 1.活动内容； 2.个人收获。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Jack， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua [满分作文] Dear Jack， With National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Day approaching，our school carried out a series of events.And I would like to share some details. Awareness events include professional seminars introducing theoretical knowledge and workshops teaching survival skills in time of emergency.I'm most impressed by an evacuation drill where we learned how to evacuate in order and protect ourselves when stuck in an earthquake. The events are beneficial.They not only raise our awareness of self­protection but also prepare us better for long­term disaster prevention and recovery. Yours， Li Hua Ⅰ.核心单词 1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 2.target v.把……作为目标 3.attitude n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 4.ocean n.海洋，大海 5.highlight v.使……突出，使注意力集中于 6.establish v.建立，设立 7.damage v.破损，损害，损伤 8.supply n.(煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统) 9.reduce v.减少，降低 10.severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的 11.lecture n.(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 12.amount n.数量，数额 13.average adj.平均(数)的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.fortune n.幸运→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 2.extinct adj.灭绝的→extinction n.灭绝，绝种 3.devote v.致力，献身，倾注→devotion n.奉献，挚爱→ devoted adj.挚爱的，忠诚的 4.cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n.残忍，残酷，残暴 5.affect v.影响→affection n.影响，喜爱 6.adopt v.采取(某种方法)→adopted adj.收养的，领养的→adoption n.采用；收养 7.infect vt.传染，使感染→infection n.感染，传染病→infective adj.有传染性的 8.permit v.允许 n.许可证→permission n.允许，许可 9.major adj.主要的，重要的 v.主修→ majority n.多数，大多数(人或物) 10.electricity n.电→electric adj.电的；用电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的；发电的 11.remove v.移走，搬走；去掉→removal n.免职；移动；消除；搬迁→removable adj.可取出的，可去除的 12.urge v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgent adj.紧急的 13.concern n.关心，担心v.使关心；和……有关→concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→ concerning prep.关于 14.contribute v.促成，造成(某事发生)→contribution n.贡献，捐款 Ⅲ.阅读词汇 默想下面单词的含义，不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。 □shark n.鲨(鱼)　　　　 □staff n.员工 □flood n.洪水，水灾 □restore v.使恢复 □bulb n.灯泡 □carbon n.碳 □brochure n.小册子 □release v.释放，排放 □smog n.烟雾，雾霾 □fog n.雾 □slide n.幻灯片 □plug n.(电)插头 □litre n.升，公升 □hunting n.打猎，狩猎 □fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n.鱼鳍 □dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 □presentation n.报告，(观点的)陈述，说明 □reserve n.(野生生物)保护区 □drought n.旱灾，干旱 □sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的 □renewable adj.(能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 □greenhouse n.温室，暖房 □reusable adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的 □solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的 □false adj.不正确的，错误的 □device n.设备，仪器，装置 □stand­by adj.备用的 □mode n.(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式 □leak v.(使)漏，(使)渗漏 □appliance n.家用电器，家用器具 □campaign n.(宣传)活动 □canteen n.(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 1.恐惧，担心 in fear 2.害怕…… be scared/frightened/afraid of 3.由于，因为 due to 4.切断；阻断；隔绝 cut off 5.对……有影响 have an effect on/upon 6.把……看作…… see ...as ... 7.相反的情况 the other way round 8.把……误认为…… mistake ...for ... 9.分解 break down 10.常识 common sense 11.把……考虑进去 take ...into account 12.错误的，无意中 by mistake 13.提高……的意识 raise the awareness of 14.呼吁，号召；拜访(某人) call on 15.大多数 the majority of 1.句型：形容词(短语)作状语 教材原句：Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 2.句型：倍数表达法 教材原句：However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，而耗水则多达三倍。 Ⅰ.词形转换 1.She is a good wife and a devoted mother.She devotes herself to her family.All the family members thank her for her devotion to the family.(devote) 2.We should take some effective measures to protect the environment，which is affected(affect) by the human activities. 3.It's said that fog is harmful to our health，so we should wear masks on foggy days.(fog) 4.The students are permitted to leave the classroom with the permission of the teacher.(permit) 5.He urges us to collect money for those who are in urgent need of food and clothes.(urge) 6.Our parents are more concerned about our health and future.As far as I'm concerned，we should talk with our parents and tell them our concerns.(concern) 7.The man contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all hiscontributions were gratefully received.(contribute) Ⅱ.短语填空 1.Due to(由于) the growing greenhouse gases we produce in our daily lives，it 2.has a great effect on (对……有很大的影响) our environment.However，3.the majority of(大多数) us think 4.by mistake(错误地) that only the factories and vehicles will give off carbon dioxide into the air. How wrong we are! The things we use every day should also 5.be taken into account(被考虑在内). So we should 6.raise the awareness of (提高……的意识) the public and 7.call on(号召) them to pay special attention to the carbon footprint they produce in their daily lives.Only in this way can we protect our environment. Ⅲ.句式仿写 1.孩子们爬到了山顶，筋疲力尽。(形容词作状语) The children climbed up to the top of the mountain，tired and exhausted. 2.杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted three times as much time and energy as she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time. [对应学生用书P76] 1 scare v.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬；受惊吓n.恐慌 单句语法填空 ①Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears away/off. ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new. ③The scared look suggested that there must be something scary around her.(scare) 句式升级 ④The child was scared of the fierce dog and didn't go to his home. →Scared of the fierce dog，the child didn't go to his home.(形容词短语作状语) ①scare ...away/off把……吓跑 scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死 ②scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的 ③scared adj.害怕的 be scared of ...害怕…… be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 He appeared from nowhere，which almost scared me to death. 他不知道从哪里冒出来了，把我吓得要死。 2 devote v.致力，献身，倾注 单句语法填空 ①I decided to devote myself to the task of working with the subjects，while he developed the scientific model. ②We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted(devote) to protecting the ecology in the area. ③Teachers' devotion(devote) to education should receive great respect from everyone because it benefits the development of society. 完成句子/句式升级 ④Jane devotes herself to teaching(致力于教育) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter. →Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语) →Devoted to teaching the deaf children，Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语) ①devote ...to ...把……奉献给……；把……用于…… devote oneself to专心于；致力于；献身于 ②devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to专心于；致力于；献身于 ③devotion n.奉献；献身；忠诚 She devoted all her life to carrying out the research on A Dream of Red Mansions，which is a masterpiece of classical Chinese literature. 她一生致力于对《红楼梦》的研究，该书是一部中国古典文学名著。 devote ...to ...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似短语有： adapt ...to ...，adjust ...to ...，addicted to ...，apply ...to ...，attach ...to ...。 3 reduce v.减少，降低 单句语法填空 ①With great effort，she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days. ②It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour. ③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction (reduce) in error. 完成句子 ④他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后竟然沦落到以乞讨为生的境地。 His life in the big city was hard and finally he was reduced to begging for a living. ①reduce ...by ...把……减少了…… reduce ...to ...把……减少到…… be reduced to陷入某种境地(to为介词) ②reduction n.降低；减少 One of the best ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 缓解压力最好的方法之一是向你信任的人谈谈你的感受。 4 remove v.移走，搬走，去掉；拿开；开除；免职；脱去(衣物)；摘掉；去除；使消失 赏句猜义 ①(2023·浙江1月卷)I removed the sticky spider­webs that covered her head and wings.拿开；去掉 ②It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.摘掉 ③We tried to remove his doubt and let him tell the truth.去除；使消失 ④Three children were removed from the school for bad behaviours yesterday.开除 完成句子 ⑤若是你无法成为一支铅笔来书写别人的快乐，那就尽力成为一块好的橡皮来抹去他们的悲伤。 If you can't be a pencil to write anyone's happiness，try to be a nice eraser to remove their sadness. ①remove ...from ...把……从……移开 ②remove sb.from office/one's post解除某人的职务 remove sb.from school开除某人出校 remove one's doubt/sorrow消除某人的疑虑/悲伤 ③removal n.移动；去除；免职；搬迁 5 urge v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.强烈的欲望；冲动 单句语法填空 ①Hearing that you'll give us a lecture about western art and want to hear our opinions about which topic to cover，I feel an urge to make(make) my voice heard. ②Parents should actively urge that their children (should) take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams. ③I'm afraid something urgent(urge) has come up；I won't be able to see you tonight. ④Because of all this extra time，there was no sense of urgency(urge) to do my school work immediately. 完成句子 ⑤当务之急是立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。 It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation from developing. ①urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that ...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 ②have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 ③urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 It is urgent that ...(should) do sth.……做某事是紧急的。 ④urgency n.紧急；急迫 The Education Ministry has urged all the students to participate in the winter long­distance running activity. 教育部已经敦促所有的学生参加冬季长跑活动。 6 contribute v.促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献，捐助 单句语法填空 ①It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods to children in need. ②(2023·浙江1月卷)They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy. ③Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions(contribute). 完成句子 ④把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. ①contribute sth.to ...把某物捐献给…… contribute to有助于；导致，促成；投稿 ②contribution n.捐献；贡献 make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献；给……捐款 7 average adj.平均(数)的；普通的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数 单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江1月卷)For the study，191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. ②It is said that the time spent on homework by the Chinese students is more than four hours a day on average. 完成句子 ③他大多数科目的成绩都高于平均水平。 He scored above (the) average in most subjects. ①an average of平均有(后跟数词) ②on (the) average平均起来 above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下 As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。 8 due to 由于，因为 单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. ②The bus was due to arrive(arrive) at 5 p.m.，but it arrived one hour later due to being held (hold) up by the heavy fog. 完成句子 ③杰克和其他两个同学因为违反校规而受到了惩罚。 Jack，together with two other classmates，was punished due to breaking the school rule. ①be due to sth./sb.归因于某事/某人 ②be due to do sth.预计做某事 表示 “由于，因为”的短语还有：because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，in consequence of，as a consequence/result of等。 9 take ...into account(＝take account of ...) 把……考虑进去 单句语法填空 ①Those who visit English­learning websites account for 12%. ②The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. ③He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs. 佳句写作 ④我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。 I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account. ①account v.认为；视为n.说明；解释；描述；账目；赋予 account for ...是……的原因；解释；占……(比例) give an account of说明；描述 ②on account of由于，因为 on no account 绝不(位于句首，句子用部分倒装) 10 形容词(短语)作状语 Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 有些人因为害怕电影里那种可怕的生物而不再去海里游泳。 单句语法填空 ①When it was his turn to deliver his speech，he walked towards the microphone，nervous and embarrassed (embarrass). ②It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily(lucky)，we made it. 完成句子 ③她害怕迟到，早上四点钟就起床了。 Afraid of being late，she got up at four o'clock in the morning. ①形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 ②形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 11 倍数表达法 However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，而耗水则多达三倍。 单句语法填空 ①The old railway is three times the length(long) of the new high­speed railway. ②The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago. 一句多译 ③为迎接这次运动会而修建的新体育场将是现在的三倍大。 →The new stadium built for the sports meeting will be three times as big as the present one. →The new stadium built for the sports meeting will be three times bigger than the present one. →The new stadium built for the sports meeting will be three times the size of the present one. ①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B　 ②A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B　 ③A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of＋B ④A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 ①表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 ②此句式中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达。 [对应学生用书P81] 维度1　单句语法填空 1.It's reported that the town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. 2.When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 3.The girl felt scared when she saw a scary snake crawling through the grass.(scare) 4.The best way to achieve a goal is to devote(devote) 100% of your time and energy to it. 5.There is an urgent(urge) need for the government to take necessary measures to reduce air pollution. 6.You are supposed to take your personality into account and figure out what kind of jobs would suit you. 7.One of college graduates and various professional and technical staff account for 25 percent. 8.When the policeman stopped us，we all looked questioningly at him，nervous and puzzled (puzzle). 9.The club members were due to meet(meet)next Thursday to discuss how to raise money to protect endangered animals. 10.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. 维度2　一词多义 写出下列句中flood的词性和词义 1.The river burst its banks and flooded the surrounding fields.v.淹没 2.Donations are flooding into the homeless shelter.v.大量涌入 3.After the flood it took weeks for the water level to go down.n.洪水，水灾 4.A flood of cheap imports has come into the country.n.大量 维度3　熟词生义 1.She has been removed from her post as director.免除，解除(职务等) 2.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.使陷入某种境地 3.My nose was bleeding and I plugged it with cotton wool.堵塞 维度4　完成句子/句式升级/一句多译 1.在我看来，没有什么比打排球更好的了，打排球有助于我们学会与他人合作。(contribute) As far as I'm concerned，there is nothing better than playing volleyball，which contributes to our learning to cooperate with others. 2.旅行一周后，他回到了家，很累但很高兴。(形容词短语作状语) After a week's trip，he returned home，tired but very happy. 3.Because I am devoted to my study every day，I have learned much knowledge. →Devoted to my study every day，I have learned much knowledge.(过去分词短语作状语) →Devoting myself to studying every day，I have learned much knowledge.(现在分词短语作状语) 4.让我害怕的是我不会被这所大学录取。 →What scares me is that I'm going to end up not being admitted into the university.(主语从句) →I was scared that I'm going to end up not being admitted into the university.(be scared that) 5.正在修建的教学楼是那座教学楼的四倍高。 →The teaching building being built now is four times as high as that one. →The teaching building being built now is four times higher than that one. →The teaching building being built now is four times the height of that one. 维度1　单元话题微写作 Step 1　要点提示(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇翻译) 1.由于工业发展，发达国家的温室气体排放量是发展中国家的两倍多。 Due to industrial development, greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries are twice more than that in developing countries. 2.温室气体的大量排放引起二氧化碳浓度增高，导致全球变暖。 Large quantities of greenhouse gas release cause the increase of carbon dioxide concentration，leading to global warming. 3.全球变暖引起洪涝灾害，使海平面上升，淹没了大量的土地。 Global warming causes flood disaster.That contributes to sea level rising and floods a large amount of land. 4.全球变暖还会引起多达十种其他自然灾害，如干旱、沙尘暴等。 Global warming will also cause up to ten kinds of other natural disasters，such as drought and sandstorm. 5.这些严重的自然灾害会影响人类和其他生物的生存，甚至导致物种灭绝。 These severe natural disasters will affect the survival of human beings and other creatures，and even cause extinction of species. 6.为此，联合国正呼吁各国团结起来采取措施减少温室气体的排放，多使用诸如风能、太阳能等新能源，以建立一个和谐的世界。 For this reason，the United Nations is calling on all countries to unite to take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions，use more new energy such as wind energy and solar energy，and establish a harmonious world. Step 2　升级句式 7.将句3改为含有现在分词短语作状语的句子 Global warming causes flood disaster，contributing to sea level rising and flooding a large amount of land. 8.将句4和句7用“not only ...but also ...”连接起来 Global warming not only causes flood disaster，contributing to sea level rising and flooding a large amount of land，but also causes up to ten kinds of other natural disasters，such as drought and sandstorm. Step 3　衔接成文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result，moreover) [参考范文] Due to industrial development，greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries are twice more than that in developing countries.As a result，large quantities of greenhouse gas release cause the increase of carbon dioxide concentration，leading to global warming.Moreover，global warming not only causes flood disaster，contributing to sea level rising and flooding a large amount of land but also causes up to ten kinds of other natural disasters，such as drought and sandstorm. These severe natural disasters will affect the survival of human beings and other creatures，and even cause extinction of species.For this reason，the United Nations is calling on all countries to unite to take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions，use more new energy such as wind energy and solar energy，and establish a harmonious world. 维度2　读后续写微技能 情感描写之“吃惊” [词汇积累] 形容词/副词 astonished，amazed，surprised，shocked，astonishing，amazing，surprising，shocking，surprisingly，amazingly 名词/动词 shock，astonishment，surprise，amazement，amaze，astonish [词块必记] 1.to one's shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement令某人吃惊的是 2.in astonishment/surprise/shock/amazement 吃惊地 3.in disbelief怀疑地，难以置信地 4.a flash of surprise一丝惊讶 5.express amazement at 对……表示惊讶 [佳句背诵] 1.To people's shock，a tornado struck a small town nearby. 使人们震惊的是，龙卷风袭击了附近的一个小镇。 2.Mike slowly turned to look out of the window beside the bed.To his surprise，he faced a blank wall. 迈克慢慢地转过身向床边的窗外望去。令他惊讶的是，他面对的只是一堵光秃秃的墙。 3.Mother fainted away，with the shock of the bad news. 母亲被这个坏消息震惊得昏过去了。 4.Confused and astonished，he gaped at the wall.“Why is it a wall？” he murmured. 他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地看着墙。“为什么是墙？”他低声说道。 5.The nurse replied slowly，“Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you.Actually，John was blind and could not see the wall.” He got surprised，with his eyes wide open. 护士慢慢答道：“也许他只是想鼓励你。实际上，约翰是盲人，他看不见墙。”他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。 [完成句子] 1.得知这个坏消息，玛丽吃惊地僵住了，动弹不得。 Hearing the bad news，Mary froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground.(名词) 2.她感到惊讶，所有的孩子都愿意捐赠一些东西。 She was amazed/surprised/astonished that all the children were willing to donate something.(形容词) 3.当安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放到盒子里时，她哥哥的脸上闪过一丝惊奇。 When Anne placed her favorite toy in the box，a spark of surprise flashed across her brother's face.(名词＋动作描写) 4.玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了她的举动意味着什么。 Astonished/Surprised/Amazed，Mary realized that he had also recognized what her action meant.(形容词作状语) 5.他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛，难以置信地摇了摇头。 He couldn't believe his eyes，shaking his head in disbelief.(现在分词短语作状语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$