串讲01 定语从句(精讲精练)-2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020)

串讲01 定语从句(精讲精练) 一、概述 1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who的用法(指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。) The person who talked to me was one of my classmates.和我交谈的那个人是我的一个同学。(主语) He is the man who I turn to for help very much.他就是我求助的那个人。(宾语) 2. whom的用法 Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。(who/whom 可以省略) The old man to whom a medal is awarded is very inspiring.这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。(whom不能省略) 3. which的用法(指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。) The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。(主语) The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(定语) 4. that的用法(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。) The number of people that/who visit the city reaches one million every year.每年参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。(主语) The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the speech competition.特纳先生递交的报告是关于演讲比赛的。(宾语，可以省略) He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago.他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。(表语) 5. whose的用法(whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。) He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。(先行词是物) This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(先行词是人) 归纳： whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 6. as 的用法。(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，先行词被the same, such和so 修饰。) In the last exam, he made the same mistake as you made. 在上次考试中，他犯了和你一样的错误。 【易错点提示】 1.关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 (1)当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 All that you must keep in mind is that you must be buried in your research. 你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。 (2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 He was the first survivor that was dug out from the ruins. 他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。 (3)当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。 The only th