课时作业(10) 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（译林版）

课时作业(十)　必修第三册　Unit 2　Natural disasters 一、阅读理解 A study offers even more evidence of the harmful health effects of sugar.The research，published in the journal BMC Medicine，found that diets higher in free sugars—a category that includes sugar added to processed foods and sodas，as well as that found in fruit juice and syrups—raise one's risk of heart disease and stroke. The study relied on data about the eating habits of more than 110，000 people aged 37 to 73 in the United Kingdom，whose health outcomes were then tracked over about nine years.An author of the study，Cody Watling said sugars that occur naturally in whole fruits and vegetables are not considered “free sugars”and were excluded from the analysis.The researchers estimated participants' carbohydrate(碳水化合物) intakes and then further broke that down by type of carbohydrate to focus on free sugars. Then the authors compared that to the participants' possibility of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease.The people who were found to have the highest risk of heart disease or stroke consumed about 95 grams of free sugar per day，which accounts for 18% of their daily energy intake，Watling said. “Avoiding sugar­sweetened beverages is probably the single most important thing we can do，” said Walter Willett.He added that although there are some health benefits to drinking a small glass of orange juice occasionally，its sugar content means “a glass of fruit juice is the same thing as Coke”． Cody Watling said the study demonstrates that the types of carbohydrates people choose to eat may matter more than the total amount.“What's really important for overall general health and well­being is that we're consuming carbohydrates that are rich in whole grains，” he said，while “minimizing the consumption of sugar­sweetened beverages”． 1．What can we learn from the text? A.Free sugar refers to the sugar added to processed foods. B.Walting didn't research sugars that occur naturally in whole fruits and vegetables. C．The free sugar accounts for 18% of people's daily sugar intake. D.Walting suggested us avoiding sugar­sweetened beverages. 2．What does the underlined phrase “break_down” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Classify. B．Destroy. C．Analyze. D．Confirm. 3．Which section of a magazine is this text taken from? A．Health and Life. B．Food and Culture. C．Science and Technology. D．Medicine Science. 4．What's the purpose of the text? A．To encourage people to refuse fruit juice. B．To ask people to say no to free sugar. C.To advise people to consume more types of carbohydrates. D.To warn people against diets with higher free sugars. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发表在《BMC医学》上的一项研究提供了更多的证据证明糖对健康有害。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An author of the study，Cody Watling said sugars that occur naturally in whole fruits and vegetables are not considered ‘free sugars’ and were excluded from the analysis.(该研究的作者之一Cody Watling说，天然存在于整个水果和蔬菜中的糖不被认为是‘游离糖’，因此被排除在分析之外。)”可知，Walting没有研究天然存在于整个水果和蔬菜中的糖。故选B。 2．A　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句“The researchers estimated participants' carbohydrate intakes (研究人员估计了参与者的碳水化合物摄入量)”和后半句“to focus on free sugars(重点关注游离糖)”可知，研究人员进一步按碳水化合物类型进行分类。故选A。 3．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段“A study offers even more evidence of the harmful health effects of sugar.The research，published in the journal BMC Medicine，found that diets higher in free sugars—a category that includes sugar added to processed foods and sodas，as well as that found in fruit juice and syrups—raise one's risk of heart disease and stroke.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了饮食中的糖给健康所带来的风险，所以推断文章可能摘自杂志的健康与生活部分。故选A。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的内容可知，游离糖含量高的饮食增加心脏病和中风的风险，所以文章的目的是警告人们不要吃游离糖含量高的食物。故选D。 二、七选五阅读 A future where insects make up a large part of the world's diet is on the horizon.Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine，insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries.Their being low­fat and high­protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.1.______ Animal protein from livestock(家畜)，such as cows and pigs，takes up 80 percent of the entire world's farmland，despite only making up less than one­fifth of calories consumed globally. 2.______ Thus it would support a variety of biodiversity as nature intended. Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.3.______ Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect wastes making excellent fertilizer(肥料) for agricultural soil. It seems that insects are an ideal solution for many issues the world today is faced with.4.______ Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal. Times are changing.The European Union declared that meal worms were safe for human consumption.Cricket protein powder is also increasing greatly in popularity，with Canada rapidly becoming the largest market for the product. 5．______ As we explore our solar system，efficient means of producing animal based­proteins will become vital.None are more efficient space­wise than insects.And the colonies of the future could well find themselves enjoying fried crickets with a pint of beer while watching the Martian sunset. A.They also have a host of environmental benefits. B.Insects reproduce quickly and have high growth rates. C.Unlike agriculture，insects produce far fewer greenhouse gases. D．They require little space，water and technology to raise compared to livestock. E．However，making them a delicious cuisine can be a challenge in several cultures. F．By freeing up livestock space，huge expanses of land could be returned to nature. G．A future where insects will become invaluable to space exploration is also upcoming. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用昆虫制作美味佳肴的好处。昆虫的低脂肪和高蛋白使它们成为减少饥饿的完美选择，而且用昆虫制作美味佳肴还能带来许多环境效益。 1．A　[解析]上文“Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine，insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries.Their being low­fat and high­protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.(尽管这种美食令人不快，但昆虫在世界某些地区视为美味佳肴已有几个世纪的历史。昆虫低脂肪、高蛋白的特点使其成为减少饥饿的完美选择。)”指出昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，A项“它们还有许多环境效益。”承接上文，继续描述昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因。故选A。 2．F　[解析]上文“Animal protein from livestock，such as cows and pigs，takes up 80 percent of the entire world's farmland，despite only making up less than one­fifth of calories consumed globally.(来自牛、猪等牲畜的动物蛋白占据了全世界80%的农田，尽管只占全球消耗热量的不到五分之一。)”指出牲畜占据了全世界80%的农田，F项“通过释放牲畜的空间，大片的土地可以回归自然。”承接上文，指出释放这些空间会有好处。故选F。 3．D　[解析]上文“Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.(蝗虫、粉虫和蟋蟀等昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多。)”指出饲养昆虫的好处，即昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多，下文“Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect wastes making excellent fertilizer for agricultural soil.(昆虫养殖过程中产生的温室气体排放也少到几乎没有，昆虫的排泄物可以作为农业土壤的优质肥料。)”也是在讲饲养昆虫的好处。由此可知，空处也应围绕饲养昆虫的好处来写，D项“与畜牧业相比，它们需要很少的空间、水和技术来饲养。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 4．E　[解析]上文“It seems that insects are an ideal solution for many issues the world today is faced with.(昆虫似乎是当今世界面临的许多问题的理想解决方案。)”指出用昆虫制作美味佳肴能解决许多问题，下文“Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal.(在亚洲、欧洲和北美的城市地区，人们更倾向于将昆虫与泥土联系在一起，而不是将其作为美味的一餐。)”指出有些地区不用昆虫来做美味佳肴。由此可知，E项“然而，在不同的文化中，做出美味的菜肴是一个挑战。”和上文是转折关系，且下文具体说明了E项内容。故选E。 5．G　[解析]下文“As we explore our solar system，efficient means of producing animal based­proteins will become vital.None are more efficient space­wise than insects.(随着我们对太阳系的探索，高效生产动物蛋白质的方法将变得至关重要。在空间利用方面，没有什么比昆虫更有效率。)”指出昆虫在太空探索方面发挥的作用。由此可知，G项“昆虫将成为太空探索无价之宝的未来也即将到来。”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。 三、完形填空 Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.__1__，the little scientist requested cold­water waders(高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils(化石). Molly __2__ with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father，Bruce Sampson，has always been into fossil __3__，and his daughters share his __4__． Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 __5__ over the years.These fossils range from modern­day shark teeth to far __6__ items，like megalodon(巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon __7__ before，but on this day，she found one of the largest ones ever __8__．She was standing in knee­deep water when she first saw the tooth. “I saw something __9__，and it looked like a shark tooth，” she __10__．“We were about knee­deep in the water.” Molly reached for the tooth，but it was so big that she __11__ to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the __12__ and saw its size. Now Molly is more __13__ than ever to pursue a career in paleontology(古生物学) someday.Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become __14__ to get outdoors and study science，too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside，” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer __15__ for this little young scientist's new year. 1．A.Therefore B．Instead C．Besides D．However 2．A.broke up B．kept up C．set out D．found out 3．A.stealing B．crying C．escaping D．hunting 4．A.doubt B．regret C．passion D．happiness 5．A.items B．books C．weeks D．places 6．A.younger B．cleaner C．older D．uglier 7．A.nose B．teeth C．hair D．ear 8．A.discovered B．created C．hoped D．lost 9．A.big B．light C．heavy D．small 10．A.screamed B．worried C．recalled D．jumped 11．A.ran B．smiled C．hurried D．struggled 12．A.earth B．water C．house D．car 13．A.shy B．excited C．humorous D．afraid 14．A.frightened B．forced C．surprised D．inspired 15．A.news B．promise C．wish D．gift [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响，喜欢上寻找化石，并成功找到了一个迄今为止她所有收藏中最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石。这不仅是她的新年礼物，更坚定了她从事古生物学职业的决心。 1．B　[解析]句意：相反，这位小科学家要求一双高筒靴，这样她就可以寻找化石了。A.Therefore因此； B.Instead相反；C.Besides此外；D.However然而。根据上文“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，Molly Sampson没有要新年礼物，相反要了一双高筒靴。故选B。 2．C　[解析]句意：一大早，莫莉和她的父亲和妹妹一起出发，前往卡尔弗特海滩上他们最喜欢的地方。A.broke up破裂；B.kept up保持；C.set out出发；D.found out查明。根据to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach可知，他们出发去了喜欢的地方。故选C。 3．D　[解析]句意：莫莉的父亲布鲁斯·桑普森一直热衷于寻找化石，他的女儿们也和他一样热衷。A.stealing偷盗；B.crying哭泣；C.escaping逃跑；D.hunting寻找。根据上文she could hunt for fossils可知，此处是指寻找化石。故选D。 4．C　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.doubt怀疑；B.regret遗憾；C.passion热情；D.happiness幸福。根据“has always been into fossil __3__”可知，Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石，而孩子们和他一样具有热情，也喜欢上了寻找化石。故选C。 5．A　[解析]句意：莫莉多年来收集了40多件物品，令人印象深刻。A.items物品；B.books书；C.weeks周；D.places地方。根据an impressive collection of可知，此处是指收藏的物品。第6小题后的items也是提示。故选A。 6．C　[解析]句意：这些化石从现代的鲨鱼牙齿到更古老的牙齿，比如巨齿鲨的牙齿。A.younger更年轻的；B.cleaner更干净的；C.older更古老的；D.uglier更丑陋的。呼应上文modern­day，此处是指更古老的化石。故选C。 7．B　[解析]句意：莫莉自己以前也发现过巨齿鲨的牙齿，但在这一天，她发现了有史以来最大的牙齿之一。A.nose鼻子；B.teeth牙齿；C.hair头发；D.ear耳朵。根据下文“She was standing in knee­deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知，此处是指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。故选B。 8．A　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.discovered发现；B.created创造；C.hoped希望；D.lost失去。根据上文语境及but可知，此处是指有史以来被发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。故选A。 9．A　[解析]句意：“我看到了一个大东西，它看起来像一颗鲨鱼的牙齿。”她回忆道。A.big大的；B.light轻的；C.heavy重的；D.small小的。根据下文but it was so big可知，巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。故选A。 10．C　[解析]句意见上题解析。A.screamed尖叫；B.worried担心；C.recalled回忆；D.jumped跳。结合语境可知，这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。故选C。 11．D　[解析]句意：莫莉伸手去抓那颗牙齿，但它太大了以至于她挣扎着把它从水中拿出来。A.ran跑；B.smiled微笑；C.hurried匆忙；D.struggled挣扎。根据it was so big可知，牙齿化石很大，小女孩要挣扎着才能把它拖出水面。故选D。 12．B　[解析]句意：当她终于把它拉到水面上，看到它的大小时，她感到很“惊讶”。A.earth泥土；B.water水；C.house房屋；D.car小车。根据上文“We were about knee­deep in the water.”和此处saw its size可知，牙齿化石被拖出了水面。故选B。 13．B　[解析]句意：现在，莫莉比以往任何时候都更兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。A.shy害羞的；B.excited兴奋的；C.humorous幽默的；D.afraid害怕的。结合上文讲述莫莉发现一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石推知，她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。故选B。 14．D　[解析]句意：她母亲说，她希望其他女孩也能看到莫莉的故事，并受到启发，去户外学习科学。A.frightened使……害怕；B.forced强迫；C.surprised使……惊讶；D.inspired启发。结合语境和to get outdoors and study science可知，此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。故选D。 15．D　[解析]句意：这一惊人的发现是送给这位年轻科学家的新年礼物。A.news新闻；B.promise诺言；C.wish愿望；D.gift礼物。呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，这次发现对于小女孩来说是最好的新年礼物。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$