限时规范练(15) SPACE EXPLORATION（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

限时规范练(十五)　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·湖北高三校联考开学考试)Using first­of­their­kind observations from the James Webb Space Telescope，a University of Minnesota Twin Cities­led team looked more than 13 billion years into the past to discover a unique，minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance—around 500 million years after the Big Bang—and could help astronomers learn more about galaxies that were present shortly after the universe came into existence. The James Webb Space Telescope can observe a wide enough field to image an entire galaxy cluster at once. The researchers were able to find and study this new，tiny galaxy because of a phenomenon called gravitational lensing (引力透镜)，where mass，such as that in a galaxy or galaxy cluster，bends and magnifies (放大) light. A galaxy cluster lens caused this small background galaxy to appear 20 times brighter than it would if the cluster were not magnifying its light. The researchers then measured how far away the galaxy was，in addition to some of its physical and chemical properties. Studying galaxies that were present when the universe was this much younger can help scientists get closer to answering a huge question in astronomy about how the universe became reionized (再电离的). “The galaxies that existed when the universe was in its primary stage are very different from what we see in the nearby universe now，” explained Hayley Williams，first author on the paper and a PhD student at the Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics.“This discovery can help us learn more about the characteristics of those first galaxies，how they differ from nearby galaxies，and how the earlier galaxies formed.” “The James Webb Space Telescope can collect about 10 times as much light as the Hubble Space Telescope and is much more sensitive at redder，longer wavelengths. This allows scientists to access an entirely new window of data，” the researchers said. 1．What does the underlined word “minuscule” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Extremely small. B．Remarkably dark. C．Especially remote. D．Quite complicated. 2．What can a galaxy cluster lens do? A．Enlarge the size of the galaxy. B．Beautify the image of the galaxy. C．Shorten the distance of the galaxy. D．Make the small galaxy look brighter. 3．What can be said about James Webb Space Telescope? A．It is more sensitive at shorter wavelengths. B．It can see extremely far into the universe. C．Scientists get access to data entirely through it. D．It is 10 times as light as the Hubble Space Telescope. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Studying Younger Galaxies Can Help Scientists Solve Mysteries B．James Webb Space Telescope Helps Astronomers Learn More About Galaxies C．James Webb Space Telescope Discovers Tiny Galaxy with Big Star Power D．James Webb Space Telescope Can Observe a Wide Enough Field to Image Galaxies 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究团队利用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜首次观测的结果：他们发现了一个独特的、微小的星系团，它以极高的速度产生新的恒星。 1．A　[解析]词义猜测题。根据首段中的The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance可知，本句是对前句的galaxy cluster进行进一步解释。由此可以推断，画线词的意思与“extremely small (极小的)”接近。故选A。 2．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，一个星系团的镜头使得这个小的背景星系的亮度看起来比它本身的亮度高出20倍。所以星系团镜头的功能是使得星系看起来更亮。故选D。 3．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜收集的光是哈勃太空望远镜的10倍，对红色的长的波长更敏感，这让科学家们获得了一个全新的数据窗口。由此可知，詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜可以看到极远的宇宙。故选B。 4．C　[解析]标题概括题。根据首段可知，研究团队利用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜，发现了一个独特的、微小的星系团，它以极高的速度产生新的恒星。再结合下文中对詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜首次观测结果的意义的分析可知，本文强调了这次发现对于了解宇宙早期星系的重要性。故C项“詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜发现了拥有巨大恒星能量的小星系”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 B (2024·四川外国语学校高三质量检测)The surface of Mars is etched with ancient river valleys and lake basins. Some researchers think that liquid water once flowed on the Red Planet. Today，Mars is too cold for much，if any，liquid water to exist. And 3.8 billion years ago，when the flowing water formed，the sun was fainter than it is today，making it even harder to imagine a warm Martian climate. That's why many researchers think Mars may have gone in and out of deep freezes. Some researchers have suggested that early Mars only thawed out when large asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions temporarily warmed the planet. But Kasting，a geologist at Penn State University，thinks warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to carve the vast canyons that exist on Mars. Now，Kasting and his colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation. They think Mars may have experienced a series of climate cycles. The idea goes like this: When Mars was cold and frozen，volcanoes continued to belch out the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and hydrogen into the atmosphere. There，the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the planet up until liquid water began to flow，forming Mars' rivers and lakes. However，warm temperatures and abundant water would also have sped up certain chemical reactions that consumed carbon dioxide，reducing the greenhouse effect and cooling the planet back down again. Then the cycle would repeat. Kasting shared his theory with other astronomers at the December meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco，and in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters. So far，Kasting's team has only shown that such an explanation is possible，according to climate models. But the researchers say field trips could help test the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm events，and their durations. 5．What made researchers believe that liquid water once existed on Mars? A．The surface of Mars is with liquid water. B．The temperatures of the sun. C．The geological features of Mars. D．The faintness of the sun. 6．What is Kasting's theory based on? A．Large asteroids had no impact on Mars. B．Deep valleys couldn't be formed in a short period of time. C．Volcanic eruptions were very frequent on Mars. D．Carbon dioxide and hydrogen were abundant in the atmosphere. 7．What do we know about the climate cycles? A．Carbon dioxide and hydrogen would not be changed. B．The greenhouse gases played an important role in this cycle. C．The climate cycles would experience three times in total. D．Hot environment and a large amount of water would accelerate certain chemical reactions to generate carbon dioxide. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Climate Cycles Could Have Carved Canyons on Mars B．Large Asteroid Impacts on the Red Planet C．Liquid Water Existing on Mars D．Ancient River Valleys Have Been Found on Mars 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。火星上曾经有液态水，这是怎么形成的呢？科学家们提出了新的理论。 5．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The surface of Mars is etched with ancient river valleys and lake basins. Some researchers think that liquid water once flowed on the Red Planet.”可知，火星表面有着古老的河谷和湖泊盆地，这些地质特征使得研究人员认为液态水曾经在火星上存在。故选C。 6．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Kasting，a geologist at Penn State University，thinks warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to carve the vast canyons that exist on Mars.”可知，卡萨丁的理论是建立在深谷不可能在短时间内形成这一理论之上的。故选B。 7．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When Mars was cold and frozen ...There，the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the planet up until liquid water began to flow，forming Mars' rivers and lakes.”可知，温室气体在这个循环中起了重要作用。故选B。 8．A　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家提出的关于火星上的河谷和湖泊盆地形成原因的最新理论，研究指出可能是气候的变化周期造成了如今火星上可观测到的峡谷和河床等地理特征。由此可知，“Climate Cycles Could Have Carved Canyons on Mars (气候周期可能在火星上雕刻了峡谷)”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河南信阳中学高三检测)As a child，I was fascinated by the theater and began taking classes at the age of seven. Throughout my teenage years，I 　1　 in plays，television shows，and movies. Acting gave me a chance to 　2　 things that I wouldn't have had the courage to try in real life. I was able to step outside of myself and become someone else，　3　 and bold (无畏的) on stage.　4　，in real life，I was often nervous and hesitant. Acting also allowed me to explore different time periods and places，as I 　5　 and lived in different eras and worlds. I played a variety of 　6　，from aliens to ringmasters，and 　7　 new skills along the way. Performance was a great way to 　8　 my shyness and inhibition (拘谨).I gained confidence in myself and learned to be more 　9　 and daring. Despite the fun and 　10　 of acting，I eventually decided to move on. I had grown tired of living inside someone else's story and was ready to be my own person. I was grateful for the 　11　 and guidance of my family，who had always 　12　 me of the importance of my education and 　13　．Looking back，I realize that my time as a (n) 　14　 actor was a time of self­discovery and 　15　．I learned a lot about myself and the world around me，and I will always be grateful for the experiences and lessons I learned through acting. 1．A．acted B．danced C．jumped D．moved 2．A．predict B．confirm C．influence D．experience 3．A．generous B．familiar C．confident D．strange 4．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 5．A．went away B．dressed up C．settled down D．signed up 6．A．sports B．roles C．matches D．songs 7．A．discovered B．added C．learned D．reviewed 8．A．overcome B．ignore C．remove D．hide 9．A．adventurous B．casual C．skillful D．funny 10．A．pressure B．curiosity C．excitement D．surprise 11．A．persuasion B．support C．permission D．comfort 12．A．reminded B．inform C．assured D．warmed 13．A．self­discipline B．purpose C．self­worth D．situation 14．A．emotional B．creative C．popular D．professional 15．A．freedom B．growth C．adaptation D．satisfaction 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者从小就喜欢表演，表演让作者变得自信和果敢。 1．A　[解析]根据下文中的Acting gave me a chance可知，这里指在戏剧、电视节目和电影中表演。故选A。 2．D　[解析]根据空后的things that I wouldn't have had the courage to try in real life可知，作者在表演的过程中有机会体验那些在现实中没有勇气体验的事情。故选D。 3．C　[解析]根据空后的and bold on stage可知，这里表示的意思应和and后的bold情感一致，指的是在舞台上作者能够自信而勇敢。故选C。 4．D　[解析]前文中的“become someone else，　3　 and bold on stage”和空后的“in real life，I was often nervous and hesitant”之间是转折关系。故选D。 5．B　[解析]根据句中的Acting also allowed me to explore different time periods and places可知，表演让作者能够探索不同的时空。结合常识可知，表演的人需要穿上戏服，打扮成戏剧中的人。故选B。 6．B　[解析]根据空前的played a variety of和空后的from aliens to ringmasters可知，作者扮演了各种各样的角色。故选B。 7．C　[解析]根据空后的new skills along the way可知，作者在表演的经历中学到了许多新技能。故选C。 8．A　[解析]根据空后的my shyness and inhibition和下文中的I gained confidence in myself可知，表演让作者克服了害羞和拘谨。故选A。 9．A　[解析]根据空后的and daring可知，空处表达的内容应和and后的daring情感一致，这里表示作者变得更加有冒险精神和大胆。故选A。 10．C　[解析]根据空前的the fun and可知，空处表达的内容应和and前的fun情感一致，表示的是表演有乐趣，也让人兴奋。故选C。 11．B　[解析]根据空后的and guidance of my family可知，这里表示家人的支持和指导。故选B。 12．A　[解析]根据空后的“me of the importance of my education and 　13　”可知，作者的家人提醒作者教育的重要性。故选A。 13．C　[解析]根据上文“I had grown tired of living inside someone else's story and was ready to be my own person.”和空前的the importance of my education and可知，这里表示作者的家人提醒作者教育和自我价值感的重要性。故选C。 14．D　[解析]根据空后的actor并结合上文可知，作者是一名专业的演员。故选D。 15．B　[解析]根据空前的self­discovery and和下文可知，这里表示作者在表演的过程中也在不断地发现自我和成长。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$