限时规范练(14) Making a difference（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（外研版）

限时规范练(十四)　UNIT 2　Making a difference (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·辽宁省实验中学高三月考)After college I wanted to make a difference in the world，so I joined the Peace Corps and became a volunteer teacher in Namibia，my country of assignment(任务).Honestly，my first choice wasn't Africa，but I am extremely grateful that I was sent there. Various tribes and racial groups live in Namibia and a number of languages are spoken.When Namibia gained independence in 1990，English became the official language.Teachers were supposed to teach in English，but many lacked the language skills to do so.My job was to train the teachers. Schools were quite bare.Some classrooms consisted merely of sticks stuck in the sand and a metal roof.Each student had only one threadbare uniform.The students had exhausting days.They walked miles to get to school，often barefoot.They also did many daily chores.Even with their mountains of work，few possessions and little opportunity，these children were joyful.I admired that. This was my first time living abroad in a different culture.Simply adapting to the living conditions was a big adjustment.I had no electricity，running water，phone or Internet.Imagine no air conditioning where the temperature was often above 38 degrees Celsius! However，I could end each day with a splendid African sunset.And at night，I could have an incredible pollution­free view of the entire Milky Way(银河). Before Namibia，I never thought a girl like me would adapt to such an environment.My experience awakened me to not only the limitations we place on ourselves，but also our amazing ability to adapt. Step outside of your comfort zone and throw yourself in another culture.You won't regret it. 1.What do we know about Namibia before 1990? A.Everyone could speak many languages. B.Teachers taught English as an official language. C.It was ruled by other countries. D.Teachers had a good command of English. 2.What does the underlined word “threadbare” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Ancient. B.Uncomfortable. C.Ugly. D.Shabby. 3.Which of the following best describes the author according to Paragraph 4? A.Honest and fearless. B.Brave and clever. C.Adaptable and optimistic. D.Generous and kind. 4.Why did the author feel grateful to volunteer in Namibia? A.She gained pure friendship from African children. B.The beautiful scenery in Africa impressed her a lot. C.She succeeded in challenging her limits. D.Africans' hard life touched her deeply. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到非洲做志愿者的工作经历以及感悟。 1.C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的When Namibia gained independence in 1990可知，纳米比亚在1990年获得独立，所以在此之前纳米比亚是被其他国家统治的，故选C。 2.D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据第三段中的often barefoot以及few possessions可知，孩子们的生活非常艰苦。而且由画线词前面的only one可知，他们每人仅有一件校服，所以threadbare应表示“破旧的”，D项“shabby”符合语境，故选D。 3.C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Simply adapting to the living conditions was a big adjustment.”可知作者适应了当地的生活环境，体现出其适应能力很强。根据“I had no electricity，running water，phone or Internet.Imagine no air conditioning where the temperature was often above 38 degrees Celsius! ”可知纳米比亚的生活条件很艰苦，可是作者却能“end each day with a splendid African sunset(以壮观的非洲日落结束每一天)”以及“have an incredible pollution­free view of the entire Milky Way(欣赏美妙至极的纯净银河)”，由此可知，作者是一个非常乐观的人。故选C。 4.C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的I am extremely grateful that I was sent there以及倒数第二段中的“My experience awakened me to not only the limitations we place on ourselves，but also our amazing ability to adapt.”和最后一段内容可知，这段经历让作者意识到走出自己的舒适区并且在另一个环境中挑战自己的极限的重要意义，所以对于这段经历她心存感激。C项中的challenging her limits照应了文中的awakened me to not only the limitations，故选C。 B From the moment we are born，we interact with the world through movement.We move our lips to smile or to talk.We extend our hand to touch.How does our brain remember this wide range of motions？How does it learn new ones？How does it make the calculations necessary for us to grab a glass of water，without dropping it，squashing it，or missing it? Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single­neuron(单神经元) level to shed light on this mystery.They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons，but within each individual neuron.It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch，but a complicated calculating machine. This discovery，published recently in the Science，promises changes not only to our understanding of how the brain works，but better understanding of conditions ranging from Parkinson's disease to autism.And if that isn't enough，these same findings are expected to advance machine learning，providing inspiration for new architectures. “We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle，which either rings，or doesn't，” Prof.Schiller explains.“Instead，we are looking at a piano.Its keys can be struck at the same time，or in order，producing an infinity(无限) of different tunes.” This complex music playing in our brains is what enables us to learn and perform an infinity of different，complex and precise movements. These same findings can also serve as an inspiration for the machine learning community. Deep neural networks，as their name suggests，attempt to create software that learns and functions somewhat similarly to a human brain.Although their advances constantly make the news，these networks are primitive compared to a living brain.A better understanding of how our brain actually works can help in designing more complex neural networks，enabling them to perform more complex tasks. 5.Why does the author raise the questions in Paragraph 1? A.To pursue answers. B.To raise his puzzles. C.To introduce the topic. D.To share his interest. 6.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.The result of the research. B.The function of a single neuron. C.The way the research was conducted. D.The aspects the discovery can be applied to. 7.What does Schiller stress in her explanation in Paragraph 4? A.The way that neurons work. B.The music that neurons play. C.The difficulties that researchers encounter. D.The process where neurons produce memory. 8.What might be the best title for the text? A.Individual Neuron Works like a Piano B.Calculation Happens Between Neurons like a Machine C.Complex Neural Networks in the Brain Enable People to Learn D.The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。 5.C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第二段第一句“Technion Professor Jackie Schiller from the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single­neuron level to shed light on this mystery.”可知，作者基于我们日常生活中所做的动作提出的几个问题，是为了引入话题——我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？故选C。 6.D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑的运作方式产生新的理解，还可以帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D。 7.A　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘We used to think of each neuron as a sort of whistle，which either rings，or doesn't，’ Prof.Schiller explains.‘Instead，we are looking at a piano.Its keys can be struck at the same time，or in order，producing an infinity of different tunes.’”可知，Schiller推翻了以往的对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A。 8.D　[解析]标题概括题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“How does our brain remember this wide range of motions？How does it learn new ones？”和第二段“They found that calculation happens not just in the interaction between neurons，but within each individual neuron.It turns out that each of these cells is not a simple switch，but a complicated calculating machine.”可知，科学家揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘。D项“The Mystery of Learning and Remembering Movement Has Been Uncovered”适合作本文标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 How to Become a Morning Person As we all know，early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.1. Here are some tips for you to take to becoming a morning person. •Seek out as much natural light as possible. The secret to becoming a morning person is exposure to bright light.2. When you wake up，pop outside for a walk around the block，or sit out back while you sip a cup of coffee.Besides，the black­out curtains you might use to foster a very dark sleeping environment isn't recommended.If the brightness bothers you overnight，consider wearing an eye mask that you take off as you start to wake up. •3. There are two ways to approach your journey to early rising.You could force yourself to get up at your desired time every day，knowing that you'll feel tired in the first few days but will naturally start falling asleep earlier within a few weeks.You can shift half an hour，wait a few days，shift another half an hour，wait a few days，and then shift another half an hour.Step by step it's easier for you to tolerate. •Go to bed early in the evenings. A consistent bedtime isn't as crucial as sticking to the same rising time every day，but it's still important to make sure you're getting enough sleep.Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night.4. Cut back on how much exposure to bright light you're getting，because being exposed to artificial light in the late evening holds back your body's ability to generate melatonin (褪黑素)，which can interfere with both your ability to fall asleep and your sleep quality. •Plan something to look forward to. To motivate you out of bed，you should treat yourself to something special you can enjoy the moment you get up.For example，you won't miss your favorite coffee or pastries when your alarm goes off at 5 a.m. ...5. A.Ease in gradually. B.Be consistent with your schedule. C.You're not fearing it if you think of these. D.The sun is the driver of our internal clock. E.Enough sleep will enhance your immune function. F.However，it really needs dramatic courage to pull yourself out of the warm bed. G.Thus，you'll probably need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个帮助早起的方法。 1.F　[解析]上文“As we all know，early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.”提到早睡早起有利于健康，结合下文“Here are some tips for you to take to become a morning person.”可知，空处应是说早起对人们来说不容易，由此引出下文的一些关于早起的建议。F项“然而把自己从温暖的被窝里拽出来真的需要巨大的勇气。”符合语境，故选F。 2.D　[解析]上文“The secret to becoming a morning person is exposure to bright light.”提到早起的秘诀是将自己暴露在明亮的光线下。分析选项，D项是对上文的解释说明，太阳是我们生物钟的驱动者，所以暴露在阳光下能让人早起，故选D。 3.A　[解析]空处是段落主题句，根据本段内容及最后一句“Step by step it's easier for you to tolerate.”可知，本段是介绍循序渐进培养早起习惯的方法。A项“逐步改善。”符合语境，故选A。 4.G　[解析]根据本段主题句“Go to bed early in the evenings.”及空前“Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night.”可知，因为大多数人要保证每晚至少睡7小时，所以想要早起，还应该早睡。G项“因此，当你改变生物钟时，你可能需要把你的就寝时间提前一点。”符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，且呼应本段的主题，故选G。 5.C　[解析]上文“To motivate you out of bed，you should treat yourself to something special you can enjoy the moment you get up.For example，you won't miss your favorite coffee or pastries when your alarm goes off at 5 a.m. ...”提到，可以计划一些值得期待的事情来激励自己早起，如最喜欢的咖啡或糕点，这样早起就没有那么难了。C项“想想这些，你就不会害怕早起了。”符合语境，C项中的these指代上文的your favorite coffee or pastries，故选C。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Shyness is avoiding human contact，often because of a feeling of not being as good as others and fear of taking risks.Shyness is a force 1. prevents us from realizing our potential and 2. (enjoy) the company of other people.Shyness is often associated 3. low emotional control and high negative emotions. On the basis of research that he 4. (do) for the past six years，Dr.Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans，around 84 million people，consider 5. (they) shy.They include not only ordinary people but also a number of 6. (celebrity) who define themselves as shy.Research shows that a quarter of the people who are shy as adults were not shy as children. Shyness makes it difficult 7. (meet) new people and make friends.It prevents 8. individual from expressing opinions and values.With authorities such as a boss or a teacher，the shy are less 9. (like) to stand up for their rights or express reasonable criticism.They're more willing to obey and unwilling to be 10. (cooperate). 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了害羞的人为人处世的情况。 1.that/which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，该句是定语从句，先行词force(力)指物，从句中缺少主语，因此须使用关系代词that或which在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 2.enjoying　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，介词from后接动名词形式作宾语。此空与realizing并列。故填enjoying。 3.with　[解析]考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be associated with，意为“与……有关”。故填with。 4.has done/has been doing　[解析]考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，根据for the past six years可知，该句可使用现在完成时。同时，此处也可表示这项研究在过去六年中一直在进行，因此可使用现在完成进行时。主语he为单数，因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has done/has been doing。 5.themselves　[解析]考查代词。分析句子结构可知，主语people和宾语指代同一对象，因此可使用反身代词。故填themselves。 6.celebrities　[解析]考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，a number of后接可数名词复数形式。故填celebrities。 7.to meet　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定结构“make it ＋ adj.＋ to do sth.”，其中it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to meet。 8.an　[解析]考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处意为“一个个体”，表示泛指，应使用不定冠词修饰。individual(个人)以元音音素开头，因此须使用不定冠词an。故填an。 9.likely　[解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，be动词后接形容词作表语。be likely to do“有可能做……”。故填likely。 10.cooperative　[解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用形容词cooperative(合作的)在句中作表语。故填cooperative。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$