内容正文:
专题六 复合句
第2讲 定语从句
第二部分 语法突破
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语法专题 解读
一 定语从句的基本概念及分类
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,定语从句也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。根据定语从句在句中所起的作用,它可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
语法专题 解读
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
二 定语从句的关系词
(一)关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用
who 人 作主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 作宾语
which 事物 作主语、宾语、表语
that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用
whose 人或事物 作定语,“whose+名词”=“the+名词+of which/whom”=“of which/whom+the+名词”,意为“……的”
as 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语,用于as anybody can see,as we all know,as we expected,as is reported,as has been announced,as is often the case,such ...as,the same ...as,as ...as等结构中,意为“正如,像,这一点”
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
①I have the same book as he has.
我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语)
②As anybody can see,a computer can do almost everything people can.
=A computer can do almost everything people can,as anybody can see.
任何人都明白,计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。
③This is the house whose window was broken last night.
=This is the house,the window of which was broken last night.
=This is the house,of which the window was broken last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
(二)关系副词的基本用法
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词+关系代词” 的关系
表示时间的名词:
time,day,year等 when 作时间状语 =at/in/on/ during which
表示地点的名词:park,place,country,house等 where 作地点状语 =in/at/to/ on which
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
先行词 关系副词 在从句中的作用 与“介词+关系代词” 的关系
表示原因的名词:the reason why 作原因状语 =for which
注意:先行词为时间、地点、原因时,关系词不一定都要用when、where或why引导,要判断它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,就要用which 或that引导。如果定语从句中缺少状语,就用关系副词引导
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
①I will never forget the day when I met you.(定语从句中不缺主语或宾语)
②This is the factory that/which we visited last year.(定语从句中谓语visit为及物动词,缺宾语)
③This is the factory where we worked last year.(定语从句中谓语work为不及物动词,不能带宾语,从句中不缺主语或宾语)
④This is the house where he was born.(定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构,不能带宾语,从句中不缺主语或宾语)
⑤This is the house that/which he was born in.(定语从句中谓语was born是系表结构,不能带宾语,但介词in应带宾语,从句中缺宾语)
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
⑥This is the house where he once lived.(定语从句中谓语 live为不及物动词,不能带宾语,从句中不缺主语或宾语)
⑦This is the house that/which he once lived in.(定语从句中谓语live为不及物动词,不能带宾语,但介词in应带宾语,从句中缺宾语)
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
用法 例句
“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语,相当于关系副词 when,where,why ①I'll never forget the day on which(when) I joined the army.
我永远不会忘记我参军的那天。
②The factory in which(where) his father works is far away from the hometown.
他父亲工作的工厂离家乡很远。
③I don't know the reason for which(why) he was late for school.
我不知道他上学迟到的原因。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
用法 例句
“介词+which”指物,“介词+whom” 指人 ①This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这是他经常用来拍照的照相机。
②This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的飞行员。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
用法 例句
介词前有 some,any,none,both,all,few,neither,most等代词或名词、数词时,介词一般用of,表示所属关系或整体与部分的关系 ①The Greens have two daughters,both of whom are college students.
格林夫妇有两个女儿,她们都是大学生。
②He lives in a room,the window of which faces west.
他住在一间窗户朝西的房间里。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
用法 例句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构 I have a computer with which I can look for much information.
=I have a computer with which to look for much information.
我有一台可以用来查找很多信息的电脑。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
用法 例句
介词+whose+名词 Mr.Wang,with whose help I finished the work on time,is one of the teachers I love and respect.
王老师是我敬爱的老师之一,在他的帮助下,我准时完成了任务。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用
一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三个方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
This is the book in which I am interested.
This is the book for which I paid ten yuan.
Every one needs air,without which we couldn't live.
This is the mountain,on top of which stands a tree.
There are five judges,all of whom agree you are the best one.
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
(四)定语从句的其他特殊用法
1.当抽象地点名词stage,point,situation,case,system,position,occasion,activity,job等作先行词,且定语从句中缺状语时,用where引导。
Are you facing a situation that/which looks impossible to fix?
你正面临着一种看起来难以解决的境况吗?
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
我已经到了人生中应该自己做决定的阶段。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
2.当the way 作先行词,表示方式、方法,且定语从句中不缺主语或宾语,而是缺方式状语时,定语从句用that或in which引导(或省略关系词)。如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。
I don't like the way (that/in which) he treats me.
我不喜欢他对待我的方式。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
一、“缺什么,补什么”,准确填写关系词
1.如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句用who/that引导;非限制性定语从句用who引导。
2.如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句用who/that/whom引导;非限制性定语从句用whom引导。
3.如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句用which/that引导;非限制性定语从句用which引导。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
4.如果先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,定语从句用when/where引导;如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语,则用that/which引导。
5.不论先行词指人还是物,只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。
6.如果先行词指人,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用whom;如果先行词指物,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词用which。
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
二、明察秋毫,辨别常见错误
1.误用关系词
I was born in New York,where is the biggest city of America.( )
I was born in New York,which is the biggest city of America.( )
我出生在美国最大的城市纽约。
2.句子残缺
There are many students join the chess club.( )
There are many students who join the chess club.( )
有很多学生加入象棋俱乐部。
×
√
×
√
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
3.有多余词
The film I saw it last week was really good.( )
The film I saw last week was really good.( )
我上周看的那部电影很好。
4.定语从句与并列句混淆
His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, it didn't help.( )
His parents told him many times not to play football on the street, which didn't help/but it didn't help.( )
他的父母告诉过他很多次不要在街上踢足球,但无济于事。
×
√
×
√
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
对点训练
①I refuse to accept the blame for something ____ was someone else's fault.
②—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber's _____ I go. It's only 15.
③The old temple _____ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
that
where
whose
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
④After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _____ turned out to be a wise decision.
⑤Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may turn in the near future.
⑥Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______________ life has developed gradually.
which
to which
on which/where
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第1轮 英语(配北师版)
专题六 复合句
谢谢观看!
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