专题05 阅读理解六选四 10篇（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题05 阅读理解六选四 10篇 （22-23高一下·上海·期末）Power Causes Brain Damage If power were a drug, it would come with a long list of known side effects. It can intoxicate. It can corrupt. It can even cause brain damage. Dacher Keltner, a psychology professor at UC Berkeley, found in studies spanning two decades that subjects under the influence of power acted as if they had suffered a brain injury: 1 Sukhvinder Obhi, a neuroscientist at McMaster University, recently described something similar. 2 And when he put the heads of the powerful and the not-so-powerful under a transcranial-magnetic-stimulation machine, he found that power, in fact, damages a specific neural (神经系统的) process, “mirroring,” that may be an important part of empathy. This gives a neurological basis to what Keltner has termed the “power paradox”: Once we have power, we lose some of the capacities we needed to gain it in the first place. 3 A 2006 study asked participants to draw the letter E on their forehead for others to view — a task that requires seeing yourself from an observer’s vantage point. Those feeling powerful were three times more likely to draw the E the right way to themselves — and backwards to everyone else. (This calls to mind George W. Bush, who memorably held up the American flag backwards at the 2008 Olympics.) Other experiments have shown that powerful people do worse at identifying what someone in a picture is feeling, or guessing how a colleague might interpret a remark. People tend to mimic the expressions and body language of their superiors, but the powerful stop mimicking others. 4 It helps trigger the same feelings those others are experiencing and provides a window into where they are coming from. Powerful people “stop simulating the experience of others,” Keltner says, which leads to what he calls an “empathy deficit.” This is a depressing finding, but is there nothing to be done? No and yes. It’s difficult to stop power’s tendency to affect your brain