第十一节 名词性从句-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语 第十一节　名词性从句 Ⅰ　高考感知 1．(2024·浙江高考1月) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's ________ they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 答案：what　句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is ________ they need an English trainer. 答案：why　句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。设空处引导表语从句，应用why引导，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near ________ you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 答案：where　句意：如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能有一个小公园，但是在一个相对荒凉的城市里找到这样的地方是很不寻常的。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词near的宾语且在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故填where。 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing ________ nature solved problems. 答案：how　句意：当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。根据句意可知，设空处表示方式。故填how。 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)This effect capitalizes on the fact ________ when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. 答案：that　句意：这种效应利用了这样一个事实：当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。此处引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。故填that。 6．(2023·浙江高考1月)The result is ________ many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. 答案：that　设空处引导表语从句，从句成分意义完整。故填that。 7．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He decided to build ________ he would later call an eco­machine. 答案：what　句意：他决定制造一种后来被他称为生态机器的东西。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。故填what。 8．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As for Bailey, she is more confused about ________ her act is considered a big deal. 答案：why　设空处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，表示“为什么”，且在从句中作状语，应用why来引导。故填why。 9．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)“Ecological design” is the name John gives to ________ he does. 答案：what　句意：“生态设计”是约翰给他的工作起的名字。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。故填what。 10．(2023· 全国乙卷)________ is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 答案：It　此处考查It is＋过去分词＋that从句，It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。故填It。 Ⅱ　考点梳理 考点一　宾语从句 引导词 在宾语从句中所作成分 示例 that, if/whether 不作任何成分 ①I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.我可以说，赢得成功要靠三件事：努力，努力，再努力。 ②Tim didn't know if/whether he could pass the exam.蒂姆不知道他能否通过考试。 what/whatever， who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 ①Please do what I told you.请按照我说的去做。 ②Can I speak to whoever is in charge of the company? 我可以和公司负责人谈一下吗？ when, where, how, why 状语 ①I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他什么时候回来。 ②Whether the meeting will be a success depends on where we will hold it.会议是否成功取决于我们在哪里举行。 which/whichever，whose 定语 ①I told him he could choose whichever seat he likes in our meeting room.我告诉他，他可以在我们会议室选择任何一个他喜欢的座位。 ②I don't know whose exercise book it is, so I can't tell which student doesn't hand in their homework.我不知道这是谁的作业本，所以我不能断定哪个学生没有交作业。 考点二　主语从句 引导词 在主语从句中所作成分 示例 that, whether 不作任何成分 ①That he said so earned a lot of applaud.他说的话受到欢迎。 ②Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们是否有干净的饮用水，取决于政府关于水污染采取什么有效措施。 what/whatever，who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 ①Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。 ②Whoever is in a hurry shows that the thing he is about is too big for him.不管是谁，匆匆忙忙说明他不能胜任他所从事的工作。 when, where, how, why 状语 ①When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.什么时候开会还没有决定。 ②Where we will go for the holiday is being discussed at the class meeting.班会上正在讨论我们去哪里度假。 which, whose 定语 ①Which group did the best job will be decided after the match.哪一个小组做得最好，比赛后才能决定。 ②Whose speech is popular depends on the reaction from the audience.谁的演讲最受欢迎取决于听众的反应。 　英语中，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面。常见的用it作形式主语的复合结构： 结构 常用句式 示例 It is＋名词词组＋that 从句 It is a fact/a pity/a shame/no wonder/good news/... that ... It is no wonder that he won the first place in the English Speech Contest.难怪他在英语演讲比赛中获一等奖。 It is＋形容词＋that从句 It is necessary/strange/ important/wonderful/possible/likely/... that ... 注意：这种结构中从句谓语动词多为“(should)＋动词原形” It is necessary that we should take measures to protect the environment.我们采取措施保护环境是很必要的。 It is＋过去分词＋that 从句 It is said/reported/decided/ believed/... that ... It is believed that hard work will pay off.人们相信，付出总会有回报。 It＋某些特殊动词(短语)＋that从句 It seems/happened/doesn't matter/has turned out/... that ... It happened that I went to visit my first teacher that day.碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。 考点三　表语从句 引导词 所作成分 示例 that, whether 不作任何成分 ①The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination.世界的悲剧就在于有想象力的人缺乏经验，而有经验的人缺乏想象力。 ②My question is whether we can raise enough money.我的问题是我们能否筹集到足够的资金。 what/whatever, which/whichever, who/whoever 主语、宾语、表语 ①Experience is what you get when you don't get what you want.经验是你没得到想要之物时所得到的东西。 ②The question is who will offer to help.问题是谁愿意主动提供帮助。 when, where, how, because, as if/though 状语 ①This is because he didn't attend the class the other day.这是因为他前几天没有来上课。 ②When put half in the water, the chopstick looks as if it were broken.这根筷子放在水中一半时，它看起来像是断了一样。 which, whose 定语 ①What concerns parents most is which activity benefits the children most.家长们最关注的是哪种活动对孩子们最有益。 ②The issue is whose design is popular with most students.问题是谁的设计受大多数学生欢迎。 　教材中同位语从句未做重点讲解，但实际中也偶有考查，需多加注意。 Ⅲ　难点突破 一、试题难点 if与whether的区别 if和whether都可以引导名词性从句，表示“是否”。 that与what的区别 引导名词性从句既可以用that，也可以用what。 it 作形式主语时，that引导的主语从句与强调句型的区别 两者的结构都是“it is ... that ...”。有时可能是that引导的主语从句，it作形式主语；有时可能是强调句型，对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。 二、解题策略 策略1　明确if和whether引导名词性从句的使用场合 if只能引导宾语从句，而whether既可以引导宾语从句，还可以引导主语从句和表语从句。所以，遇到表示“是否”，引导名词性从句时，用whether一定是正确的。 策略2　明确that与what引导名词性从句时的区别 两者的区别在于that在句中不作成分，what在从句中作主语或宾语。分析名词性从句是否缺少主语或宾语，如果不缺少主语或宾语，没有词义，往往用that；如果名词性从句中缺少主语或宾语，指物时往往用what。 策略3　明确that引导的强调句型与主语从句的区别 先找到“it is ... that ...”， 把“it is”和“that”同时去掉，还原后的句子仍然是正确的，那么就是强调句型；如果去掉“it is”和“that”，句子不再是完整的，那么就是that引导的主语从句。 Ⅳ　对点演练 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·陕西省山阳中学高三一模)Neither the dogs nor the people there knew ________ urine sample had cancer in it. 答案：which　句意：无论是狗还是那里的人都不知道哪个尿样中含有癌症。从句位于谓语动词knew后，作knew的宾语，为宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“哪一个”，修饰名词短语urine sample。故填which。 2．(2024·福建省厦门双十中学高三月考)Growing up in Harbin in northern China, Li remembers White Rabbit as being closely linked with festivities in China, but ________ inspires Li most is the brand's evolving business philosophy. 答案：what　句意：李在中国北方的哈尔滨长大，在他的记忆中，大白兔与中国的节日密切相关，但最鼓舞他的是该品牌不断发展的经营理念。设空处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。故填what。 3．(2024·浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷)After finding that students who self­reported mindful habits performed better on tests and had higher grades, researchers wanted to know ________ school­based mindfulness training could help more students reap similar benefits. 答案：if/whether　句意：研究人员发现，自我报告有正念习惯的学生在考试中表现更好，成绩也更好。他们想知道，校园正念训练是否能帮助更多学生获得类似的好处。设空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，应用if或whether。故填if/whether。 4．(2024·江苏省姜堰中学高三期中考试)In the end, they vote on ________ they think the murderer might be. 答案：who　句意：最后，他们投票选出他们认为凶手可能是谁。设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少表语，指人，应用连接代词who。故填who。 5．(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三二模)But ________ really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera. 答案：what　句意：但真正使这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的戏剧。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 6．(2024·安徽省合肥市庐巢八校高三第二次集中练习)Since this is ________ determines the frozen treat's creaminess and taste, CNFs could help create the healthier ice cream without influencing the taste of it. 答案：what　句意：由于这是决定冷冻食物的奶油味和味道的因素，CNFs可以在不影响味道的情况下帮助制造更健康的冰激凌。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”。故填what。 7．(2024·河南省部分学校高三一轮复习)________ is said that the Archangel Michael had pressured Aubert, bishop (主教) of the nearby hilltop town of Avranches, into having a church built atop the island. 答案：It　此处It是形式主语，that后面的从句为真正的主语。故填It。 8．(2024·江苏省苏州中学高三第一次月考)This was typically ________ Huang Quande, fisherman­turned­photo model, looked in his photos with tourists from China and abroad. 答案：how　句意：这就是渔民出身的摄影模特黄全德(音译)在与中外游客合影时的典型表情。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 9．(2024·吉林省长春市第二中学高三月考)This is how polyglots learn languages, and the best news is ________ it's available to anyone willing to take the learning into their own hands. 答案：that　设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分。故填that。 10．(2024·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考)Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly show ________ jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people. 答案：what　设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what。故填what。 维度二　语法填空 (2024·广东省台山市第一中学高三月考)On every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne leads two of France's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. There they learn to get in touch with their true feelings. Lehanne's psychology cafe is trying to help the city's __1__ (trouble) neighborhood cafes. In the past few years, Parisian cafes __2__ (become) victims due to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast­food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend __3__ (they) time at home. Luckily, dozens of new theme cafes appear __4__ (change) the situation. Cafes focused on psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, __5__ (fill) tables well into the evening. The city's “psychology cafes”， __6__ offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle­aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, __7__ (angry), and dreams with a psychologist. “There's __8__ strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice, a cafe regular who works __9__ a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. __10__ they need is to open up.” Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn't exist，” she says. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎的心理咖啡馆的变化情况。 1．troublesome　考查词性转换。句意：Lehanne的心理咖啡馆正努力帮助这个城市麻烦不断的社区咖啡馆。结合句意及设空后的neighborhood cafes可知，设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词neighborhood cafes。故填troublesome。 2．have become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the past few years可知，应用现在完成时；句子主语Parisian cafes为复数，助动词用have。故填have become。 3．their　考查代词。根据设空后的名词time可知，应用形容词性物主代词，作定语。故填their。 4．to change　考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，几十家新的主题咖啡馆似乎改变了这种情况。此处表示“似乎做某事”，应用appear to do sth。故填to change。 5．filling　考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词，句子主语Cafes与fill之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填filling。 6．which　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这座城市的“心理咖啡馆”提供了极大的安慰，是最受欢迎的地方之一。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The city's “psychology cafes”，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7．anger　考查词性转换。句意：中年家庭主妇、退休人员、无业人士来到这样的咖啡馆，与心理医生谈论爱、愤怒和梦想。结合句意，设空处应用名词anger，与设空前的love以及设空后的dreams并列作宾语。故填anger。 8．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一种需求”，应用不定冠词，且strong的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 9．as　考查介词。work as意为“担任”，为固定搭配。故填as。 10．What　考查主语从句的连接词。设空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what引导，设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填What。 维度三　完成句子 1．(2023·宁夏中卫市高考一模)爬山受到人们，尤其是老年人重视的另一个原因是它有“攀登到木质生活”的意义。 →Another reason why climbing mountains are valued by people, especially by the elderly is ________________________ “climbing to ligneous life”． 答案：that it has a meaning of 2．(2024·浙江省名校协作体高三检测)这个建设性的事件提醒我们再怎么重视眼睛的保护都不过分。 →The constructive event reminded us ________________________________________________ too much. 答案：that we couldn't emphasize the eye protection 3．(2024·江苏省镇江市高三期中考试)人们普遍认为，水稻种植起源于中国长江流域，距今约13，500年至8，200年。 →__________________ the cultivation of rice originated in China's Yangtze River basin, around 13，500 to 8，200 years ago. 答案：It is widely believed that 4．(2024·广东省江门市高三检测)老实说，这正是我在无数次实验中学到的。 →To be frank, that was exactly __________________ during my numerous experiments. 答案：what I'd learnt 5．(2024·广东省深圳市高三检测)但是由于我对英国文化缺乏了解，有时我发现很难弄清楚英式幽默到底有多有趣。 →But because I'm lack of knowing English culture, sometimes I find it hard to figure out ______ ______________________________. 答案：how funny an English humor can be 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$