必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语［W］ 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．compass：com­一起，共同；pass经过，穿越→一起穿越，引申词义：指南针，罗盘 2．injure：in­不，相反的；jur 法律，公正→不公正的，引申词义：使受伤，弄伤 3．extraordinary：extra­外部；超出；ordinary普通的，平常的→超出普通的，引申词义：非凡的，出色的 4．account：ac­去；count计算，讲故事→去计算，去讲故事，引申词义：记述，描述 5．procedure：pro­向前；cedure前往→向前进，引申词义：程序，步骤，手续 1．battery n. 电池 2．stuff n. 东西，物品 3．chemist n. 化学家 4．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 5．metal n. 金属 6．gravity n. 重力，引力 7．press v. 按 8．passive adj. 被动的 9．theory n. 学说，理论 10．cure n. 药剂；疗法 11．experiment n. (科学)实验 12．entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地 13．account n. 记述，描述 14．shoot v. 射出(光线等)，放射 15．flash n. 闪光 16．beyond prep. 无法…… 17．instance n. 例子，实例 18．lightning n. 闪电 19．draft n. 起草，草拟 20．species n. 物种 1.(2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed (按) by hand rather than rolled. 3．(2023·全国乙卷)When we consider contact between literate and non­literate societies such as these, all our first­hand accounts (描述) are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. 4．(2024·江苏省南京市中华中学高三阶段检测)We have found, for instance (实例), that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. 5．(2024·福建省三明市等5地高三一模)It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure (疗法) to information overload. 6．(2024·贵州省贵阳市高三考试)The only “fix”， the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely (完全地)． 7．(2024·重庆市高三一模)Karelian puppies undergo a series of procedures (步骤) where trainers teach them the right behaviours and evaluate their personality and how they react. 8．(2024·江苏省盐城市盐城建湖二中等联考高三月考)We set off for another morning inching through the sand; another day of changing landscapes and raw, wild beauty; another night lit by shooting (射出) stars. 1．capable adj. 有能力的→capably adv. 能干地→capability n. 能力；才能 2．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的→virtually adv. 事实上；实际上 3．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的→significantly adv. 重要地，影响深远地→significance n. 重要性，意义 4．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤→injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 5．flexible adj. 易弯曲的；柔韧的；有弹性的→flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性；弹性；适应性 6．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 准确地；精确地；如实地→accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确(程度) 7．declaration n. 声明，宣告→declare v. 宣布，声明；断言→declared adj. 公然的；公开宣布的 8．desire n. 渴望，欲望→desirable adj. 令人向往的，渴望的 9．origin n. 起源，起因→original adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的→originally adv. 原来；起初→originate v. 起源，发源，发端于 10．compute v. 计算→computation n. 计算，估计→computer n. 计算机 11．brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的→brilliantly adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地→brilliance n. 光辉；才华；宏伟 12．attach v. 系，绑；贴→attached adj. 附加的；依恋的，充满爱心的→attachment n. 附件；依恋；连接物 13．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上 14．minor adj. 小的→minority n. 少数的；少数人；属于少数派的 15．scientific adj. 科学(上)的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 16．conduct v. 传导(热、电)；组织；实施→conduction n. (热或电等能量的)传导→conductive adj. 传导的→conductor n. 导体；指挥 17．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的→extraordinarily adv. 非常；格外地；非凡地 18．fiction n. 虚构的事，想象的事→fictional adj. 虚构的，小说的 19．proof n. 证明，证据→prove v. 证明；证实 20．theory n. 学说，理论→theoretical adj. 理论上的→theoretically adv. 理论地；理论上 1.The flexibility of distance learning would be particularly suited to those managers with flexible time. (flexible) 2．The young lady is capable of adaptation when compelled to do so and no one ever questioned her capability. (capable) 3．She desires to have a good time in the desirable summer holiday. (desire) 4．The boy was injured in the match and a doctor rushed to deal with his injury. (injure) 5．I don't know the accurate number of it so you'd better count it accurately and make sure the accuracy of it. (accurate) 6．The original research was about the origin of a kind of endangered animal. (origin) 7．Yesterday our chemistry teacher conducted an experiment on wood to see whether it was conductive and after the experiment we drew a conclusion that wood was a poor conductor of heat. (conduct) 8．The scientist was interested in science when he was young and he was fond of doing scientific research. (science) 1　stream [熟义]　n. 小河，小溪；(车或人)流 [生义]　v. 流，流动；照射，照亮 ①By this time, tears were streaming down her face. 这时，眼泪从她的脸上流了下来。 ②When I raised the curtains, daylight streamed into the room. 我拉开窗帘时，阳光照进房间。 2　draft [熟义]　v. 起草，草拟 [生义]　v. 征兵；选派 ①During the Second World War, he was drafted into the US Army. 第二次世界大战期间，他应征加入美国陆军。 ②She hoped that Fox could be drafted to run the organization. 她希望福克斯能够被选派来掌管这个组织。 小积累 1.后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①declaration 声明，宣告 ②consideration 考虑 ③celebration 庆祝；庆典 ④appreciation 欣赏；感激 ⑤organization 组织；团体；机构 2．“……学家”集合 ①scientist 科学家 ②chemist 化学家 ③psychologist 心理学家 ④astronomer 天文学家 ⑤biologist 生物学家 ⑥physicist 物理学家 3．人的特点的差异化 ①brilliant聪颖的，才华横溢的 ②capable有能力的 ③extraordinary非凡的，出色的 ④creative有创造性的 ⑤famous著名的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．come up with 想出，提出 2．virtual reality 虚拟现实 3．wearable tech 可穿戴技术 4．die from 死于(某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等) 5．thanks to 幸亏，由于 6．in terms of 就……而言 7．be capable of 有能力；足以胜任…… 8．lead to 导致；通向…… 9．in addition 除此之外，另外 10．never say never 别轻易说决不；永不言弃 11．(be) attached to 依恋；依附；被拴在，被系在 12．instead of 代替，而不是 1.(2024·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Full sensory virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player's shoes in real time. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Different from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 3．(2024·湖北省武汉市硚口区高三质量检测) “We have come up with a dish of fresh tea buds fried with eggs，” she said. 4．(人教XB2­U5)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 5．(2024·湘豫名校联考高三考试)To detect the parts operated by the human, the system used AprilTags, similar to QR codes, attached to the parts. 6．(2024·江苏省常熟市高三阶段性检测)In addition, homework gives students a chance to learn from their mistakes and overcome their weakness. 三　句式迁移练 1．It suggests that ... 这表明…… 【迁移创新】The boss suggested holding a meeting and it suggested that he was interested in our plan. 老板建议开个会，这表明他对我们的计划很感兴趣。 2．find＋宾语＋宾补 【迁移创新】When I applied to language school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired learning direction. 当我申请语言学院时，我发现了三个有希望让我遵循我想要的学习方向的项目。 3．强调句型 【迁移创新】It was some people and things in ancient times that we talked about． 我们谈论的是古代的一些人和事。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 According to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, there have been 1 (gold) ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, paper making, 2 (print) and the compass. These things 3 (change) the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio. And now, most of the new great inventions are tech­based. For example, 4 (wear) tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing 5 (far) developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and 6 (environment) science thanks to increasing computer power. New inventions 7 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, 8 is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. Dr Richard Fairhurst, an 9 (invent) himself，holds the view that most inventions start with recognising a problem 10 needs a solution. But the real spirit of invention is that we have an incredible desire to think and create. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.golden　2.printing　3.changed　4.wearable　5.further　6.environmental　7.like　8.it　9.inventor　10.that/which It's said that Benjamin Franklin once carried out a famous experiment to prove that lightning was 1 form of electricity. He raised a kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key 2 (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by 3 (touch) the key. For many years, schools 4 (teach) the story of the experiment. More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his 5 (brave) and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact 6 scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died 7 the electric shock. 8 (admitted), fiction is often 9 (interesting) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and 10 great a story is, we should not always believe everything we read or hear. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.a　2.was attached　3.touching　4.have taught　5.bravery　6.because　7.from　8.Admittedly　9．more interesting　10.however Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 press v. 按；压，推；催促；将……塞进；坚持　n. 报纸，报刊；新闻记者；出版社 (☞pressure n. 压力，压强) 【知识归纳】 (1)press ahead/on 坚定地继续；继续前进 press for sth 迫切需要某物 press sb to do/into doing sth 催促某人做某事 (2)under pressure 承受 put pressure on sb 向某人施压 【语用点拨】 (1)press a button/switch/key 按下按钮/开关/按键(动作描写) (2)Despite meeting many obstacles, they press ahead with their task. 尽管遇到了许多困难，但他们还是坚定地继续进行他们的任务。(人物描写) (3)press for solution迫切需要解决(建议表述) (4)press us to make/into making a quick decision催促我们尽快作出决定(人物描写) (5)We admired his calmness under pressure. 我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。(个人感受) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①The company is pressing ahead/on with its plans for a new warehouse. ②They felt this would put intolerable pressure on them. ③When we're at home, she keeps pressing me to study all the time. →When we're at home, she keeps pressing me into studying all the time. ④政府正在敦促尽早解决这一争端。 The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute. 2　 shoot v. 射出(光线等)，放射；拍摄；投篮，射门；疾驰；打猎　n. 幼苗，嫩芽 【知识归纳】 shoot sb/sth 打死/伤某人/物(强调结果) shoot at 朝……射击(强调动作，未必击中) shoot up 快速成长；激增；迅速上升 shoot oneself in the foot 搬起石头砸自己的脚 【语用点拨】 (1)As the birds rise, the hunters shoot at them. 当鸟儿飞起时，猎人们会朝它们射击。(动作描写) (2)go shooting 去打猎(动作描写) (3)Flames were shooting up through the roof. 火不断从房顶蹿上来。(环境描写) (4)They used to fish in the summer and shoot in the winter. 他们过去常常在夏天捕鱼，在冬天打猎。(动作描写) 【名师点津】shoot作为动词时，其过去式和过去分词都是shot。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He soon found a huge bear, shot at it but only wounded it. ②Tom shot up in height during his teenager years, and now he is the tallest in the office. ③你不仅会搬起石头砸自己的脚，而且可能会让一个非常好的员工或合作伙伴无法有效地工作。 You will succeed in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. 3　 desire n. 渴望，欲望　vt. 渴望，欲望；期望(☞desirable adj. 令人向往的，渴望的☞desired adj. 期望得到的；希望实现的) 【知识归纳】 (1)a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 (2)desire (sb) to do sth 渴望(某人)做某事 desire that ... 渴望……(从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 【语用点拨】 (1)I have a strong desire to help and care for people. 我有一种帮助和关心别人的强烈愿望。(个人感受) (2)Everyone has a desire for success. 每个人都渴望成功。(演讲稿) (3)regain their desire for life 重获对生活的渴望(个人感受) (4)It is our desire that every effort (should) be made to protect the surroundings in our school. 我们希望尽一切努力保护我们学校的环境。(倡议书) (5)create the desired effect 带来预期的效果(活动影响) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you desire to challenge (challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others' thoughts. ②His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make (make) a difference in the world. ③Sometimes a strong desire for others' attention might indicate a lack of self­confidence. ④我们希望能立刻救援那些被洪水围困的当地村民们。 We desire that immediate help (should) be sent to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. 4　 significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的；显著的(☞significantly adv. 重要地，影响深远地；显著地 ☞significance n. 重要性，意义) 【知识归纳】 (1)be significant＝be of significance重要的 It is significant that ... ……很重要 (2)the significance of ... ……的重要性 【语用点拨】 (1)place significant value on 重视(个人感受) (2)have a significant impact on our daily lives 对我们的日常生活有重大影响(活动反响) (3)showcase the significance of 展示了……的重要性(活动反响) (4)Their relationship changed significantly beyond a teacher­student mode. 他们的关系发生了显著变化，超越了师生模式。(人物关系) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly (significant) more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ②The new drug has great significance (significant) for the treatment of the disease. ③重要的是，现在纤维被认为是健康饮食的重要组成部分。 It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. ④和拥有相同兴趣爱好的人在一起是重要的。 Having people with shared­interests around you is significant． ＝Having people with shared­interests around you is of significance. 5　 injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 (☞injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 ☞injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的) 【知识归纳】 (1)do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 使某人受伤害 (2)the injured 伤员 【语用点拨】 (1)Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。(情景描写) (2)injure sb's health 损害某人的健康(活动影响) (3)overcome injury 战胜伤痛(情感描写) (4)tend to the injured 照料伤员(动作描写) (5)Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital. 救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。(情景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①He was worried about the news that the injured were facing food shortage. ②Be careful with that heavy box, or you'll do yourself an injury. →Be careful with that heavy box, or you'll do an injury to yourself. ③这辆汽车在一辆客车旁边爆炸，造成至少8人死亡，数十人受伤。 The car went off next to a passenger bus, killing at least eight people and injuring dozens of others. (现在分词短语作状语) 6　 origin n. 起源，起因(☞original adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的☞originally adv. 原来；起初☞originate v. 起源，发源，发端于) 【知识归纳】 have one's origin(s) in＝originate from 起源于…… in origin 在来源上；在血统上 by origin 按照血统；按照起源；按照出生地 【语用点拨】 (1)the origins of life on earth地球上生命的起源(活动介绍) (2)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 传说端午节的起源是为了纪念屈原的灵魂。(传统文化) (3)Being well protected, the building still has its original features. 因受到良好的保护，该建筑仍然保持其原有的样貌。(建筑保护) (4)Tea originated in China over two thousand years ago. 茶起源于两千多年前的中国。(传统文化) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江高考1月)The term “hutong”， originally (origin) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. ②He was not English—he was a Frenchman by origin. ③Their medical problems are basically physical in origin. ④所有的理论都是源于实践。 All theories originate from practice. 7　in addition 除此之外，另外 【知识归纳】 (1)in addition 除此之外，另外(在句中单独作状语) (2)in addition to＝besides＝as well as＝apart from＝what's more＝moreover 除……之外，还有 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In addition, we have two hours a week for writing essays and reports, two hours focusing on sharpening debating skills. ②另外，通过阅读经典的文学作品，我们还可以学习到良好的故事结构和叙事技巧。 In addition/Moreover/Besides/What's more, by reading classic literary works, we can also learn good story structure and narrative skills. 8　find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【知识归纳】 (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do ... 结构中，it是形式宾语，to do ... 是真正的宾语。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He found the patient to be (be) a small boy. ②(2024·九省联考)Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya's path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing (remove) her scuba gear. ③You will certainly find the art exhibition very enjoyable (enjoy) and fall in love with the art. ④他醒来时，发现自己被锁在房间里。 When he came to himself, he found himself locked in the room. ⑤他觉得定不下心来学习。 He found it hard to settle to his study. Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2024·广东省七校联合体高三考试)Allow yourself the flexibility(flexible)to make some small changes to your goals. 2．(2024·浙江省普通高中尖子生深研模拟)I found myself exhausted at the end of February, both physically and mentally (mental). 3．(2024·江苏省新高考基地学校高三第三次大联考)Pillows have been used (use) in China for thousands of years and hold a significant place in Chinese culture. 4．(人教B3­U4)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore (explore) the universe never died. 5．Developing a habit of playing team sports can reduce pressure (press) and keep fit. 6．(2023·北京高考)In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short­termism is now a significant (significance) problem in industrialised societies. 7．(北师XB1­U1)I'm way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I'm wired up every day, like most of my friends. 8．Many people expressed a strong preference for the original (origin) plan. 9．(译林B3­U2)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured (injure) in the disaster area at large. 10．After the operation you may find it difficult to chew (chew) and swallow. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Robots and artificial intelligence are getting better every year. While we're probably still a few decades away from truly human­like AI, at present, the technology is so advanced that it is being used across a wide variety of professions, ①in term of (就……而言) a few fields you wouldn't expect. 　However, it seems that Japan wants to push us even closer to a world where robots replace humans in many jobs. A robot, called HRP­5P ②has been created (create) by the country's Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Institute, which can install drywall, as well as perform other tasks typically associated with contracting. Skilled manual laborers are always in demand, but Japan, in particular, may struggle to meet that demand in the future. As Tech Crunch points out, skilled contractors start to slow down as they age, eventually leaving the workplace through retirement or illness. ③Moreover (升级本单元词汇： In addition), Japan's birth rate is also one of the lowest out there. ④It suggests that (这表明) new manual workers are in short supply.If robots like HRP­5P become common, Japan could solve this problem ⑤entirely (完全地). Of course, for the time being，HRP­5P is quite slow, and while it gets the job done, the ⑥significant (significance) technology powering it will need improving quite a bit before it replaces human labor. Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词shoot的词性和含义 A．v. 射击；发射　B．n. 幼苗，嫩芽　C．v. 拍摄，摄影 1．He'd love to shoot his film in Cuba. 2．This is just a toy gun—it doesn't shoot real bullets. 3．It is well­known that bamboo shoots are a panda's staple diet. 答案：1.C　2.A　3.B (二)根据语境选出加黑词stream的词性和含义 A．v. 流，流动　B．v. 照射，照亮　C．n. 小河，小溪　D．n. (车或人) 流 1．Sunlight was streaming into the courtyard. 2．There was a small stream at the end of the garden. 3．There was a stream of traffic behind him. 4．Blood was streaming from her head. 答案：1.B　2.C　3.D　4.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·河北省高三全过程纵向评价考试)For instance, at college you would break down your assignments into more manageable tasks. 合成词：in－ 进入＋st 站立＋－ance表示行为，过程——原指站在附近待命；instance意为例子，实例。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 一划主干：It might be the time。 二括修饰：三个when都引导定语从句，修饰time；after引导时间状语从句。 三会意：可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候，可能是你没有被要求就熨衣服的时候，也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/句式升级 1．另外，我能够准确地计算算术，所以我是这份工作的最佳人选。(申请信) In addition/As well as/Moreover/What's more/Besides, I am able to compute accurately the arithmetic so I'm the perfect choice for the job. 2．他像一只挂在热砖上的猫，环顾四周，想找到一些有用的东西。(人物描写) Like a cat on hot bricks, he looked around to find something useful． 3．(2023·浙江高考1月)Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing.significant 4．It is agreed that Zhong Nanshan is a distinguished and competent doctor.capable 5．We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years. →Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last five years.(现在完成时的被动语态) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·河南省名校高三阶段检测) Solar Panels While both solar panels and plant leaves harvest energy from the sun, a team at Princeton University took biomimicry (仿生学) in solar panels a step further by adding folds to solar cells. The folds look like the natural wrinkles found in leaves, channeling more light into the cell. The researchers claimed in 2015 that the leaf­like cells generated 47 percent more electricity than those without folds. Self­Cleaning Paint The surface of the lotus (莲) plant's leaves gets rid of dirt and water so well that this self­cleaning quality was named the “lotus effect” in 1977. In 1999, the German building company Sto released an outdoor paint called Lotusan. When dried, the paint's surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately. Bullet Trains 　The Shinkansen Bullet Train in Japan is known for its aerodynamic shape that decreases the amount of sound the train makes while entering and exiting tunnels at speeds of 150 to 200 mph. The trains were modeled on a bird that hunts fish by diving into bodies of water. The shape of the train also allows it to travel 10 percent faster with about 15 percent less electricity. Wetsuits Unlike whales, beavers (河狸) don't have layers of fat to keep them warm when they dive into icy water. Instead, their thick fur traps air among the individual hairs, keeping the mammals warm and dry. In 2016, a team of engineers at MIT sought to copy this quality in a wetsuit covered with rubber “hairs”， specifically designed for watersports athletes like surfers. Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by air trapped on the outside of the suit. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个仿生学的发明。 1．Which item is a brainchild of a German company? A．Solar Panels. B．Self­Cleaning Paint. C．Bullet Trains. D．Wetsuits. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Self­Cleaning Paint部分中的“In 1999, the German building company Sto ... water and dirt off immediately.”可知，这种具有自我清洁功能的外层涂料是由一家德国建筑公司发明的。故选B。 2．How does a wetsuit keep watersports athletes warm? A．By shedding water immediately. B．By thickening the layers of the suit. C．By adding special hairs to trap heat. D．By self­heating the outside of the suit. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据Wetsuits部分中的“In 2016 ... outside of the suit.(2016年，麻省理工学院的一个工程师团队试图复制这种品质，他们设计了一种覆盖着橡胶‘毛发’的潜水服，这种潜水服是专门为冲浪者等水上运动运动员设计的。就像海狸一样，运动员们将通过潜水服外面的被锁住的空气来保暖。)”可推知，这种潜水服通过特制的毛发锁住空气来蓄热。故选 C。 3．What do these inventions have in common? A．They are nature­inspired. B．They increase fuel efficiency. C．They are environmentally­friendly. D．They generate no economic returns. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人类利用仿生学发明的四件物品。由此可推知，这些发明的共同点是都是自然赋予人类灵感而被发明出来的。故选A。 B (2024·山西省临汾市高三考前适应性考试)A team from Newcastle University and Northumbria University in the UK has found that the thin, root－like threads produced by many fungi (真菌) can potentially be used as a biodegradable, wearable material that's also able to repair itself. In their tests, the researchers focused on the Ganoderma lucidum fungus, producing a skin from branching thin threads, which together weave into a structure called a mycelium (菌丝体). With a little more work, the fragile skins could serve as a substitute for leather, satisfying environmental and fashion tastes. “The results suggest that mycelium materials can survive in dry and unfavourable environments, and self－repairing is possible with minimal intervention after a two­day recovery period，” write the researchers in their published paper. However, the process used to produce these materials tends to kill off the fungal spores (孢子) hat help the organism regenerate itself. A new approach involving a mix of mycelia, proteins, and other nutrients in a liquid encouraged the growth of a skin. The results are currently too thin and delicate to be tuned into a jacket. However, the researchers are confident that it's possible that future innovations could turn it into a tougher skin, possibly by combining layers or plasticizing in glycerol. Crucially, the production process didn't kill off the fungal spores. Tests on the material showed that it was indeed able to replace holes made in it. The material was as strong as before, though it was still possible to see where the holes had been. “Due to their functional properties, the ability of this regenerative mycelium material to heal micro and macro defects opens interesting future prospects for unique product applications in leather－goods replacements such as furniture, automotive seals, and fashion wear，” write the searchers. There's a long way to go here before you'll be wearing clothes made out of fungus. The growing and healing processes take several days to happen at the moment for example, something which could be sped up over time. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，由许多真菌产生的细长的根状线有可能被用作可生物降解的可穿戴材料，这种材料还能自我修复。但要穿上这种衣服还有很长的路要走。 4．What did the team find in their tests? A．An alternative to fragile skin. B．Thin threads shaped like roots. C．A mycelium with a complicated structure. D．Mycelium materials with self­healing function. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，研究小组在测试中发现了具有自愈功能的菌丝体材料。故选D。 5．What is mainly presented in Paragraph 3? A．The recovery period of fungal spores. B．Crises of mycelium materials' survival. C．Imperfection in producing mycelium materials. D．The method of intervening organisms' regeneration. 答案：C　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However, the process ... the organism regenerate itself.(然而，用于生产这些材料的过程往往会杀死真菌孢子，从而帮助生物体自我再生。)”可知，本段主要介绍了菌丝体材料生产中的缺陷。故选C。 6．What can we learn about the new approach? A．It speeds up the creation of mycelia. B．It keeps fungal spores from destruction. C．It makes the holes in materials invisible. D．It combines the liquid with layers of skin. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, the production process didn't kill off the fungal spores.(关键是生产过程并没有杀死真菌孢子。)”可知，新方法可以防止真菌孢子被破坏。故选B。 7．What is the prospect of mycelium­based materials? A．A flash in the pan. B．Promising but challenging. C．Inspiring but unachievable. D．A growth and decline cycle. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，这种再生菌丝体材料治愈微观和宏观缺陷的能力为在家具、汽车密封件和时装等皮革制品替代品上的独特产品应用开辟了有趣的未来前景，但在穿上真菌做的衣服之前还有很长的路要走，由此可推知，菌丝体材料充满希望但富有挑战性。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东省汕头市金禧中学高三第一次阶段考试)Milo is a rescue dog, adopted by 20­year­old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo 1 running. Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his 2 ． “He started 3 on the front door，” Swift says. “I'm thinking, ‘Why is he literally trying to 4 the house？’” She was 5 . Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 6 . But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice yelling “Help！” Hours earlier, around 4 am, Sherry Starr had 7 from her bed. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the bathtub, I 8 ，” she says. “I went down hard on the floor.” Starr is 85. “I could not move at all，” says Starr, who was stuck between the toilet and the bathtub. Starr was 9 . “I'm thinking: I'm just going to die here，” she says. Her best 10 ， she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs. 　“Her voice was very 11 ，” says Swift. “You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs Starr yell for 12 unless you were Milo who 13 heard Starr when I opened my own front door.” Swift called 911. The rescuers thought they'd have to remove the toilet, but they gave one last pull and out she popped. Though injured, Starr 14 a trip to the hospital. Swift has known her share of pain. Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief. “That dog is a 15 ，” she says. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只小狗听到对面邻居家微弱的呼救声，使摔倒在厕所的85岁的邻居得救的故事。 1．A.woke up B．took off C．caught up D．held back 答案：B　wake up 叫醒； take off 匆忙离去；突然离去； catch up 赶上；hold back 抑制。根据下文“Milo ran to the house across the street.”可知，小狗撒开腿跑开了。故选B。 2．A.head B．feet C．tail D．ear 答案：C　根据上文“so he ran to the one next door”可知，Swift (斯威夫特)紧紧跟随着小狗Milo (米洛)。on one's tail “紧紧跟随(某人)”。故选C。 3．A.scratching B．struggling C．opening D．pulling 答案：A　scratch 抓；struggle 努力；open 打开；pull 拉。根据下文“Why is he literally trying to 4 the house？”可知，Milo开始用爪子不停地挠前门。故选A。 4．A.break down B．settle down C．sign up D．break into 答案：D　break down 抛锚；settle down 定居；sign up 报名；break into 破门而入。根据上文“He started 3 on the front door”可知，Swift奇怪小狗Milo为什么试图破门而入。故选D。 5．A.disturbed B．embarrassed C．discouraged D．disappointed 答案：B　disturbed 被打扰的；embarrassed 尴尬的；discouraged 泄气的；disappointed 失望的。根据下文“Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 6 ．”可知，因为不是每个人都喜欢别人来到自己的房子前，所以她感到很尴尬。故选B。 6．A.own B．way C．property D．business 答案：C　own 自己的；way 方法；property 所有物；房产；business 生意。根据上文“He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door”可知，小狗Milo跑到了别人的房子前。故选C。 7．A.risen B．sprang C．raised D．jumped 答案：A　根据下文“All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the bathtub”可知，此处表示Sherry Starr (雪莉·斯塔尔)早上起床。故选A。 8．A.skipped B．crashed C．slipped D．wept 答案：C　skip 略过；crash 撞击；slip 滑倒；weep 哭泣。根据下文“‘I could not move at all，’ says Starr, who was stuck between the toilet and the bathtub.”可知，站在马桶和浴缸之间，Sherry Starr突然间滑倒了。故选C。 9．A.amazed B．hopeful C．angry D．scared 答案：D　根据下文“‘I'm thinking: I'm just going to die here，’ she says.”可知，她很害怕。故选D。 10．A.aim B．bet C．opinion D．point 答案：B　根据下文“she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs”可知，她最好的办法就是等到下午送信的邮递员过来时，尽可能大声地喊救命。one's best bet意为“最好的办法”。故选B。 11．A.sweet B．deep C．faint D．familiar 答案：C　根据下文“You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs Starr yell for 12 unless you were Milo who 13 heard Starr when I opened my own front door.”可知，老人家的声音很微弱，必须站在正门口才能听得到。故选C。 12．A.fun B．help C．practice D．sale 答案：B　此处指大声喊救命。故选B。 13．A.instantly B．confidently C．slightly D．merely 答案：A　instantly 立刻；confidently 自信地；slightly 轻微地；merely 仅仅。根据下文“when I opened my own front door”可知，Swift刚一打开门，小狗立刻就听到老人家的呼救声。故选A。 14．A.considered B．offered C．declined D．remembered 答案：C　consider 考虑；offer 提供；decline 拒绝；remember 记得。根据上文“Though injured”可知，尽管受伤了，但是老人家拒绝去医院。故选C。 15．A.lesson B．treat C．blessing D．pet 答案：C　lesson 教训；treat 对待；blessing 幸运的事情；pet 宠物。根据上文“Two years ago ... helped her with her grief.”可知，Swift的母亲两年前过世，小狗帮助她克服悲伤，对她而言，拥有这只小狗是一件幸运的事情。故选C。 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$