必修第三册 Unit 2 Making a difference-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语［W］ 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．extend：ex­出；tend同tent，tens 伸展→伸出去，引申词义：持续；延伸 2．donate：don­同dit­给予；­ate动词后缀→给出去，引申词义：捐赠，捐献 3．generous：gener­同gen­，genit­出生，产生；­ous形容词后缀→不断产生，引申词义：慷慨的，大方的 4．temporary：tempor­同temper “时间”或时间引起的现象；­ary形容词后缀→有时间性，引申词义：短期的，短暂的；临时的 5．territory：terr­土地；­itory场所，范围→土地的范围，引申词义：地区，地方 1．drug n. 药物，药材 2．foundation n. 基金会 3．mission n. 职责；使命 4．disease n. 疾病，病 5．cancer n. 癌症 6．royal adj. 王室的，皇家的 7．shortage n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 8．internal adj. 内部的 9．obtain v. 获得，得到 10．further adj. 更多的，附加的 11．recycle v. 再利用，回收利用 12．contribution n. 贡献 13．military n. 军队 14．fund v. 为……提供奖金，资助 15．relief n. 减轻，缓解 16．effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的 17．insight n. 顿悟，猛醒 18．aid v. 帮助，援助 19．ministry n. (政府的)部 20．chief adj. 最高级别的，首席的 1．(2024·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三阶段考试)The team is planning further (更多的) experiments to gain a better understanding of mechanisms behind swap errors. 2．(2022·天津高考)To be successful in college you'll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained (获取) through reading, do research, and write papers. 3．(北师B2­U6)The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective (有效的) cure. 4．(2024·宁夏银川市唐徕中学高三月考)Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief (减轻) from the heat. 5．(译林B3­U1)It has to be a community­wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle (再利用). 6．(2024·辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体高三月考)It's just a one­hour change, but this shows how sensitive our bodies maybe to internal (内部的) clock interruption. 7．(人教B3­U5)It was his devotion and contribution (贡献) that motivated me greatly. 8．(2024·河南省名校联盟高三阶段性测试)Across the United States, pools have been cutting back hours or closing entirely due to a shortage (缺乏) of lifeguards. 1．disability n. 残疾，残障→disable v. 使伤残，使丧失能力；使无效→disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 2．relief n. 减轻，缓解→relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的 3．effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n. 效应；影响；结果→effectiveness n. 效率→effectively adv. 有效地 4．contribution n. 贡献→contribute v. 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿→contributor n. 贡献者；捐助者；投稿者 5．extend v. 持续；延伸→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；(电话)分机→extensive adj. 广阔的；广泛的；大量的 6．earn v. 挣(钱)→earning n. 收入 7．reality n. 真实，现实→realize v. 实现；意识到；领悟→realistic adj. 现实的；逼真的；实事求是的 8．perseverance n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈 9．donate v. 捐赠，捐献→donation n. 捐赠物，捐赠，赠送 10．sensitive adj. 敏感的；容易生气的→sensible adj. 明智的；意识到→sense n. 感觉；意识；理解力 11．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generously adv. 慷慨地→generosity n. 慷慨，大方 12．hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫→hesitant adj. 犹豫的，迟疑的→hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇 13．institution n. 机构，团体→institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的 14．assistance n. 帮助，援助→assist v. 帮助；协助；援助；促进→assistant n. 助理；助手　adj. 助理的；副的 15．registration n. 登记，注册→register v. 登记，注册 16．major adj. 重要的，主要的→majority n. 大部分，大多数；多数票→minority n. 少数；少数民族 17．achievement n. 成绩，成就→achieve v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；完成；成功 18．confirmation n. 证实，证明→confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 19．treatment n. 治疗；疗法→treat v. 治疗；对待；款待　n. 招待；款待 20．certificate n. 证明书，证书→certification n. 证明，资质证书 1.He contributed $ 50 million to the project a few years back. All of us think he made a generous contribution to complete the project. (contribute) 2．To the parents' relief, the new medicine helped relieve the pain of their son's injured leg. (relieve) 3．She said that in order to realize her dream, she experienced a lot of failures and pains. People must set realistic objectives for themselves. (realize) 4．Don't worry about the people with disabilities, for most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. (disable) 5．He is a generous man and is respected by all the people around him for his generosity and kindness. (generous) 6．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college. He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need. (assist) 7．I've achieved only half of what I hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone says I should feel a sense of achievement. (achieve) 8．Once you hesitate about a decision, you will miss a good chance. Don't be hesitant, but be cautious. (hesitate) 1　relief [熟义]　n. 减轻，缓解，轻松，宽慰 [生义]　n. 救济 Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter and agricultural equipment. 救济机构正加大力度提供食物、住所和农用器械。 2　fund [熟义]　v. 为……提供资金，资助　n. 基金；资金；现款 [生义]　n. 储备；(相当)数量 She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz. 她有着丰富的现代爵士乐知识。 3　territory [熟义]　n. 领土，领地 [生义]　n. 地区，地方；(知识)领域；(经验)范围 ①The company is moving into unfamiliar territory with this new software. 该公司正利用这款新软件进入一个不熟悉的领域。 ②The agreement gives the territory limited self­rule. 这个协议规定该地区享有一定的自治权。 4　temporary [熟义]　adj. 短期的；短暂的；临时的 [生义]　n. 临时工；临时雇员 She works in the office as a temporary. 她在办公室做临时工。 小积累 1.盘点后缀­ion名词 ①contribution 贡献 ②decoration 装饰；修饰 ③devotion 奉献 ④donation 捐赠 ⑤celebration 庆典；庆祝活动 2．盘点­age结尾的名词 ①shortage 短缺 ②garage 车库 ③cabbage 洋白菜 ④package 包裹 ⑤garbage 垃圾 ⑥passage 通道 ⑦luggage 行李 3．“to one's＋n.”高频短语 ①to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是 ②to one's joy/delight 使某人高兴的是 ③to one's shame 使某人丢脸的是 ④to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 ⑤to one's amusement 使某人愉快的是 ⑥to one's surprise/shock 使某人惊奇/震惊的是 二　语块过关测＋练 1．give up 放弃 2．be grateful for 感激；感谢 3．cheer up 振作起来 4．benefit from 从……中受益 5．make a difference 有影响 6．be/feel confident about 对……有信心 7．at the same time 与此同时 8．come up with 提出 9．turn out 最后是，结果发现；关掉 10．be suitable for 适合…… 11．set up 建立；调试 12．rise to one's feet 站起身来 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. 2．(译林B1­U1)The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 3．I am grateful for the solidarity and compassion shown during this difficult time. 4．The course is suitable for both beginners and advanced students. 5.Hearing a strange noise, the little boy quickly rose to his feet and ran away. 6．(人教B2­U5)At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. 三　句式迁移练 1．what引导的主语从句 【迁移创新】What amazed me most was that he won first prize in the English speech contest. 最让我惊讶的是他在这次英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。 2．“not ... but ...”结构 【迁移创新】Not you but she is wanted on the telephone. 电话里找的是她而不是你。 3．on doing ... 一……就…… 【迁移创新】On arriving home after work, Mom began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. 下班后一到家，妈妈就开始忙着为全家人准备晚饭。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 Six­year­old Canadian schoolboy Ryan couldn't believe that many people in 1 (develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water. So, Ryan decided 2 (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He 3 (clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon. But he 4 (tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5 (they) to donate money. At 6 same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised $2，000, with 7 a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school were grateful 8 him and invited him to visit. He 9 (real) had made a difference to these children. Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 10 (inspire) people gave him their support. Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life­changing gift of clean, safe water. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.developing　2.to earn　3.cleaned　4.was told　5.them　6.the　7.which　8.to　9.really　10.inspired Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London.Upon 1 (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France and later returned to Britain, 2 he worked in business. In December 1938, Winton came to Prague 3 (aid) people who were escaping from the Nazis. He helped transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children, found temporary homes for them and used donated money and his own money to pay 4 the British government required for each child. During World WarⅡ， Winton served as 5 officer and left the military in 1954. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon 6 (disappear) from people's memories. That 7 (total) changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a 8 (forget) journal at home, which contained photographs and names of the children and addresses of the families. She was so surprised and moved that she sent it 9 a newspaper. Quickly, his actions captured public attention. Winton became a respected figure around the world and received various honours for his 10 (achieve)． 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.leaving　2.where　3.to aid　4.what　5.an　6.disappeared　7.totally　8.forgotten　9.to　10.achievements Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 contribution n. 贡献；捐献；稿件(☞contribute v. 捐赠，捐献，捐助；贡献；导致；投稿；是……的原因之一；增加；添加 ☞contributor n. 捐款人；做出贡献的人) 【知识归纳】 (1)make a contribution/contributions to ... 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute sth to ... 把……捐献给…… contribute to 促成；造成；向……投稿 【语用点拨】 (1)make a contribution to charity 给慈善事业捐款(报道) (2)I had no intention of depreciating your contribution. 我无意贬低你的贡献。(建议信) (3)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience. 当人们聚在一起分享他们的经验时，艺术便有助于文化的发展。(博客) (4)I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。(倡议书) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities. ②He made such a great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him. →Such a great contribution to the university did he make that the new library was named after him.(倒装句) ③如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期之前把文章发给我。 If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 2　 relief n. 减轻，缓解，解脱；调剂；救济(☞relieve v. 减轻，缓和；缓解) 【知识归纳】 (1)to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是 with/in relief 欣慰地；宽慰地 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。 (2)relieve sb of ... 缓和/减轻某人的…… 【语用点拨】 (1)What a relief！真是松了口气！(祝贺信) (2)relieve the pressure of learning 缓解学习压力(建议信) (3)We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都松了一口气。(心理描写) (4)The calm of the countryside came as a welcome relief from the hustle and bustle of city life. 乡村的宁静使人从城市生活的喧嚣忙碌中解脱出来。(环境描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ① —You seem to be in a really good mood. —I finished my last test today. What a relief! Now I'm free. ②We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter, gasping with/in relief. ③Much to his relief, his younger brother recovered quickly after operation. ④Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment. ⑤听到他在事故中幸免于难的消息，我们大家都松了一口气。 We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard the news that he had survived the accident. 3　 donate vt. 捐赠，捐献；赠送；献(血) (☞donation n. 捐款；捐赠；捐献☞donated adj. 捐赠的) 【知识归纳】 (1)donate ... to sb/sth 把……捐赠给某人或某物 donate ... to do sth 捐赠……做某事 (2)make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 【语用点拨】 (1)I think it would be better to donate money to a temporary shelter for the homeless. 我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所会更好。(建议信) (2)A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。(情节描写) (3)donations of food and money 食品和金钱的捐赠(通知) (4)Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give. 有些人每月定期捐款，而另一些人则不同。(告知信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We are collecting donations (donate) for the relief fund. ②Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated (donate) by the public. ③如果你有不需要的旧的或穿过的衣服，为什么不把它们捐赠给那些有需要的人呢？ If you have old or used clothes you don't need, why not donate them to those people in need？ 4　 reality n. 真实，现实；实际经历；实际情况；事实(☞realize vt. 实现；使……成为现实；认识到；意识到 ☞realization n. 认识；领悟 ☞real adj. 真的；真实的；真正的 ☞unreal adj. 不真实的 ☞really adv. 真正地；事实上 ☞realistic adj. 现实的；实际可行的；逼真的☞unrealistic adj. 不切合实际的) 【知识归纳】 in reality＝in fact 事实上；实际上 beyond reality 超越现实 bring ... back to reality 使……回到现实 【语用点拨】 (1)Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous. 表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。(人物描写) (2)There is now a growing realization that things cannot go on like this for much longer. 人们越来越认识到事情不能再这样发展下去了。(倡议书) (3)You need to be realistic about the amount you can do in a day. 你对自己一天能完成多少工作量要现实一点。(建议信) (4)Then we won our next 10 games, which remains a record. It was unreal. 之后我们又赢了 10 场比赛，这仍然是一项纪录。这太不真实了。(日记) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I haven't got much sleep the past week, and I feel really (real) tired now. ②The researcher had conducted a particular survey before he got a realistic (real) plan for the project. ③It is unrealistic (realistic) to expect these changes to happen overnight. ④她当医生的愿望最终实现了。 Her wish to become a doctor was finally realized. 5　 hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫(☞hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫) 【知识归纳】 (1)hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth 对(做)某事犹豫不决 (2)without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事 【语用点拨】 (1)Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty. We are always ready to help. 如果你有困难，尽管来找我们。我们随时准备帮助你。(建议信) (2)Upon hearing that her grandmother was ill, she hurried back to her hometown in the countryside without any hesitation. 一听说奶奶生病了，她毫不犹豫地赶回了乡下老家。(人物描写) (3)He hesitated before opening the door and walking into the room. 他在开门走进房间之前犹豫了一下。(动作描写) (4)If you ask me what my favorite book is, I would say Harry Potter without hesitation. 如果你问我最爱哪本书，我会毫不犹豫地告诉你是《哈利·波特》。(推荐信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①He hesitated (hesitate) for a moment before kicking the ball; otherwise he would have scored a goal. ②We must pursue our dreams without hesitation (hesitate) and eventually we can succeed. ③无论你何时有麻烦，我都会毫不犹豫地帮助你。 Whenever you are in trouble, I will not hesitate to offer you a helping hand. ④如果你有问题，一定要毫不犹豫地向我们求助。 If you have questions, don't hesitate to turn to us for help． ＝If you have questions, do turn to us for help without hesitation. 6　aid v．& n. 帮助，援助 【知识归纳】 (1)aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb with sth 以某物帮助某人 aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 (2)with the aid of ... 在……的帮助下 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救 come to one's aid 援助某人 【语用点拨】 (1)economic/humanitarian/emergency aid 经济/人道主义/紧急援助(社会现象) (2)There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment. 有很多紧急情况需要进行迅速的急救治疗。(告知信) (3)He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator. 他只能靠呼吸器呼吸。(人物描写) (4)A woman in the street saw that he was in trouble and came to his aid. 街上的一位女士看到他遇到了麻烦，就过去帮他。(情节描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid him in continuing (continue) his study. ②在李老师的帮助下，我们班所有的人都取得了很大的进步。 With the aid of Mr Li, all of us in our class have made great progress. ③他们帮助我适应了新的环境。 They aided me to adjust myself to the new surroundings. ＝They aided me in adjusting myself to the new surroundings. ＝With the aid of them, I adjusted myself to the new surroundings. 7　rise to one's feet 站起身来 【知识归纳】 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 jump to one's feet 跳起来；一跃而起 set foot on/in 进入；踏上 stand on one's own feet 自立；独立 【语境运用】用foot的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①His lyrics (歌词) can make a listener jump to his feet or sit in a corner and cry. ②American Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on/in the moon. ③I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet． ④既然你已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。 Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet. 8　not ... but ... 不是……而是…… 【知识归纳】 (1)not ... but ... 连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即与邻近的主语保持一致。 (2)与not ... but ... 用法类似，同样遵循“就近原则”的结构还有： either ... or ... 或者……或者…… neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且…… 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer; in his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. ②As for the environmental protection, not what we say but what we do makes a difference. →As for the environmental protection, it is not what we say but what we do that makes a difference. (强调句型) ③现在不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。 Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film now. Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build (build) a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 2．(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测)Many chose not to return, finding better paid employment elsewhere, leaving hoteliers facing a desperate shortage (short). 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. 4．(2024·九省联考)Running is a high­impact activity which can be really (real) hard on your body. 5．(译林B1­U1)Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution (contribute) because sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English. 6．(2024·江苏省南通市如皋市高三调研)Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can harm productivity and academic achievement (achieve) while increasing the risks of sleeping driving. 7．This could make your superiors hesitate to trust (trust) you with major responsibilities. 8．Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet. 9．(人教B2­U5)Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief (relieve) and cure for his illness. 10．(2024·湖南师范大学附属中学高三质量检测)He also gave some cash to the family for the girl's treatment (treat) to help her recovery. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 During dinner I discussed my major with my parents, but still couldn't make up my mind. When Mom saw me ①hesitate to make a decision (犹豫不决), she patted me on my shoulder, her smile encouraging me to do more research. Later that evening, ②with the aid/assistance of the Internet (在互联网的帮助下), I found a variety of choices. But what I wanted was a profession that could ③make a difference (有影响) to people's lives. The inspiration came unexpectedly with the CCTV News yesterday. ④Upon/On seeing (一看到) “Role Models of Our Time” appear on the screen, I was awed. I realized my life's mission—relieving pain and saving lives. And to pursue this call, I decided to ⑤major in (主修) medical science. Mom and Dad were also happy that I had found the compass for my future life. Determined to become a healthcare worker, I'll try my best to serve the society. Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词relief的词性和含义 A．n. 救济　B．n. (恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的)轻松；宽慰，宽心　C．n. 减轻，缓解 1．To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease. There was no cure, only pain relief. 2．When he heard he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief. 3．Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter, and agricultural equipment. 答案：1.C　2.B　3.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词fund 的词性和含义 A．v. 为……提供资金，资助　B．n. 专项资金　C．n. 储备；(相当)数量 1．As a qualified physical trainer, you have to possess a fund of knowledge including healthy diet and scientific train methods. 2．It is a scholarship fund for undergraduate engineering students. 3．The project is jointly funded by several local companies. 答案：1.C　2.B　3.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 合成词：ob－ 朝前，向前＋tain 保留，持有→向前持有；obtain意为获得，得到。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·北京高考)After successfully completing the 4­Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport­based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. 一划主干：you will need to submit a plan。 二括修饰：After successfully completing ... Learning Sprint是介词短语作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中含有if 引导的条件状语从句，并省略了主语和be动词。 三会意：在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/同义句转换/一句多译 1．把这些事情做好有助于增强我们的自信，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 Doing these matters well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. 2．汤姆早上起床很困难，他总是上班迟到。(trouble) Tom had much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 3．Most students hold the view that it's convenient to go to school by electric bike. →The majority of the students hold the view that it's convenient to go to school by electric bike. 4．一到达山顶，我们就被美丽的风景深深吸引住了。 As soon as/The moment/The instant/Immediately we arrived at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.(复合句) ＝Upon/On arriving at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery. (简单句) 5．最终帮助他们解决了困难是多么令人欣慰的事啊！(报道) It is a relief to help them out of trouble finally. (it作形式主语) ＝What a relief it is to help them out of trouble finally! (感叹句) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三二模)Known on social media as The Sioux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. He is reconnecting the locals of North America with native flavors and ingredients, and working to inspire a generation of indigenous (本土的) chefs to reclaim their cooking past. Pine Ridge in South Dakota contains some of the poorest communities in the country, and it's out of that environment that Sherman got his first job in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a local steakhouse. As he developed a love of cooking, which saw him move to Minneapolis to study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn't know indigenous recipes. “What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away? How were they getting oils, salts and fats and things like that？” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview on PBS NewsHour. “So it took me quite a few years of just researching, but it really became a passion.” 　These years of researching, talking to elders, and consulting written material helped him produce The Sioux Chefs Indigenous Kitchen, which in 2018 won Sherman the James Beard Award for Best American Cookbook. After publishing the book, Sherman opened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneapolis and created the North American Traditional Indigenous Food Systems (NATIFS). It is a professional indigenous kitchen and training center that seeks to create an educational space for native chefs to be trained and develop their skills, and reconnect with their cooking heritage. 　“Part of our challenge to ourselves was to cut out ingredients that are not native so we stopped using dairy, wheat flour and cane sugar，” he said. He cooks with local ingredients. His choices of meats are the same as those hunted by his ancestors—deer, fish, and birds. 　“For indigenous people who went through very strong assimilation (同化现象), we lost a lot of our food culture，” Sherman said. “But we're at a point now where we can reclaim it and develop it for the next generation. To be able to share culture through food will be really healing.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sean Sherman (肖恩·谢尔曼)致力于重新确定本土菜肴的地位，并且鼓励更多的人成为本土厨师，以对抗现如今世界各地菜肴的严重同化。 1．What did Sherman realize when he was in Minneapolis? A．He didn't have enough cooking passion. B．He should spend a few years researching cooking. C．He should write a book about the indigenous recipes. D．He didn't know his Lakota ancestors' cooking ways and ingredients. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As he developed a love of cooking ... indigenous recipes.(随着他对烹饪的热爱，他搬到明尼阿波利斯学习日本和法国菜，谢尔曼意识到他不了解本土食谱。)”和第三段中的“What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away？(我的拉科塔祖先吃了什么，储存了什么？)”可知，Sherman在明尼阿波利斯的时候意识到了他不知道他的拉科塔祖先的烹饪方法和配料。故选D。 2．Sherman set up the NATIFS center to ． A．make money and open his own restaurant B．build an educational space for local children C．train and help local chefs to cook local food D．teach native chefs the most superb cooking skills 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Sherman在明尼阿波利斯开了自己的餐馆Owamni，并创建了北美传统土著食品系统(NATIFS)。这是一个专业的土著厨房和培训中心，旨在为土著厨师提供培训和发展技能的教育空间，并与他们的烹饪传统重新建立联系。故选C。 3．What is a problem for his native cooking culture according to Sherman? A．Very strong assimilation. B．Its high speed of evolution. C．Too much meat in the diet. D．Indigenous recipes that can't be shared. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘For indigenous people ... Sherman said.(‘对于那些经历了强烈同化的土著人来说，我们失去了很多自己的饮食文化，’谢尔曼说。)”可知，Sherman认为本土烹饪文化的最大问题就是被同化得太严重，失去了很多祖先的饮食文化。故选A。 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Local recipes: chefs trained B．Local recipes: fame achieved C．Local recipes: restaurants refreshed D．Local recipes: food culture preserved 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文是围绕Sean Sherman对保护本土餐饮文化所做的努力展开的。由此可知，D项(地方食谱：保护饮食文化)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 B (2024·河北省石家庄市部分名校高三大联考)In 2000, Andréa Speranza achieved her dream of becoming a firefighter joining the Halifax Regional Fire Service. Her job was exactly as satisfying as she imagined it would be, except for one thing: she still hadn't seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Even today, less than five percent of firefighters in Canada are women. Speranza decided that she wanted to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers. The result is Camp Courage, a program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting. In 2006, Speranza and about 20 volunteers welcomed their first 17 participants, recruiting (招募) attendees through advertising in schools and recreation centers. Over the course of eight days, the girls discovered the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, deliver first aid and even use the jaws of life (救生钳) on a car. 　Camp Courage now runs one session every year in Halifax and is free to attend. To offset costs, Speranza and her fellow campers fundraise by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Hopeful campers must also submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench (长椅) for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. Hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage, and 36 percent are doing exactly what 52­year­old Speranza hoped they would: working as first responders across the country. This past summer, the camp held its first session for young women in Halifax, as well as its first national camp in Calgary with plans to roll out more. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Andréa Speranza (安德里亚·斯佩兰萨)是一名女性消防员，多年来她一直致力于鼓励其他年轻女性像她一样成为消防员。 5．What was probably Speranza's wish in 2001? A．To see more female firefighters. B．To make contact with more teenage girls. C．To be recruited to the Halifax Regional Fire Service. D．To work part­time in schools and recreation centers. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“In 2000, Andréa Speranza ... the Halifax Regional Fire Service.”可知，Andréa Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想；再根据第一段中的“Speranza decided that ... a career like hers.(斯佩兰萨决定，她想帮助年轻女性看到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业。)”可知，Speranza希望看到更多的女孩能够像她一样成为消防员。故选A。 6．What does the underlined part “ins and outs” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Risks. B．Chances. C．Details. D．Purposes. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段末句“Over the course of eight days ... the jaws of life (救生钳) on a car.”可知，女孩们在这八天里学习如何灭火、提供急救，甚至是使用救生钳这些作为急救人员需要掌握的详细内容。因此，画线部分意为“详细内容”。故选C。 7．What can be inferred about Camp Courage? A．It is a nonprofit international organization. B．It teaches the value of being helpful to others. C．It requires its campers to write an essay every week. D．It introduces boys and girls to the emergency services. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Hopeful campers ... the Kids Help Phone.(有希望的露营者还必须提交一篇文章，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个Kids Help Phone分会。)”可推知，Camp Courage这一机构向人们传递乐于助人的价值观。故选B。 8．What can we say about Speranza? A．She had a burning ambition to play comedy. B．She used to be reserved and disciplined. C．She is intellectual and scholarly. D．She is brave and inspiring. 答案：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Speranza是一名女性消防员，由此可推知，她非常勇敢；另外，她还通过Camp Courage这一机构来鼓励其他年轻女性成为消防员，由此可推知，她也是一位鼓舞人心的消防员。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·江苏省南通市海门区高三第一次调研考试)Recently I read an article “We All Need Self­Reflection” and it made me think that I need to self­reflect more and take a break from life. 1 . For example, after I graduated from college, I took some time to self­reflect on the past four years of my college career. Drinking my favorite coffee, I looked back at each moment and thought about how I felt during those years. I had a mixture of emotions. Sometimes, I wish I did more in terms of extracurricular activities or internships (实习期) or I wish I socialized and partied more. 2 . But I can't change the past. Self­reflecting on the past is a lesson for me to better prepare for the future. Even though it can help me better prepare for the future, self­reflecting itself can be both good and bad for me. 3 . When I reflect on things that haven't been proud of from the past, I think about them a lot. However, as I mentioned above, I can't change the past. 4 ， like getting my first internship or choreographing (编舞) my first dance by myself. I figure that I need to do that more. Everyone needs to get away from the current reality for a bit, relax and self­reflect. 5 . Self­reflecting can bring peace of mind and make us proud. It did for me. A．Life is too short and time passes quickly B．I know I haven't done enough self­reflection C．So I persuade myself to reflect on the good things in life D．I reflect on what could have been if I made different decisions E．I tend to overthink a lot, which is a habit I'm still trying to break F．We all need to take some time to self­reflect on the good of our experiences G．The only times that I self­reflect in my life are when big life events happen to me 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。最近作者读了一篇文章《我们都需要自我反省》，它让作者觉得自己需要更多地自我反省，从生活中休息一下。 1．G　根据下文“For example ... of my college career.”及常识可知，大学毕业属于人生中的一件大事。由此可知，G项(在我的生活中，只有在发生重大事件的时候，我才会自我反省)引出下文。故选G。 2．D　上文“Sometimes, I wish ... socialized and partied more.”提到，有时作者希望在课外活动或实习方面做得更多，或者参加更多的社交活动和聚会。D项(我思考如果我做出不同的决定会是什么样子)承接上文，同时与下文“But I can't change the past.”形成转折关系。故选D。 3．E　下文“When I reflect on things that haven't been proud of from the past, I think about them a lot.”提到，有时候，作者会过度反省。E项(我倾向于过度思考，这是一个我仍在努力打破的习惯)引出下文。故选E。 4．C　下文“like getting my first internship or choreographing (编舞) my first dance by myself”在列举生活中美好的事情。C项(所以我说服自己去反思生活中的美好事物)衔接下文。故选C。 5．F　根据上文“Everyone needs to get away from the current reality for a bit, relax and self­reflect.(每个人都需要暂时离开当前的现实、放松和自我反省。)”及下文“Self­reflecting can bring peace of mind and make us proud.(自我反省可以带来内心的平静，让我们感到自豪。)”可知，F项(我们都需要花一些时间来反思我们经历的好处)承上启下。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·甘肃省白银市靖远县一中、四中高三联考)The advancement of technology has led to the development of AI. AI systems are now capable of performing many tasks, such as recognizing speech, understanding natural language, and even diagnosing medical conditions. However, 1 rise of AI has also raised a series of ethical concerns. One of the primary concerns is the potential for AI systems to show existing biases. AI systems are often trained on large datasets 2 (collect) from human­generated content, 3 may contain biases based on race, gender, or other factors. If these biases fail 4 (address) during the development process, they can be hidden in AI systems and lead to unfair outcomes. Another major concern is the impact of AI on 5 (employ). As AI systems become more advanced, they may replace human workers in certain industries, 6 (result) in job losses. To handle these effects, governments and organizations must invest in education and retraining programs to ensure that workers can adapt 7 the changing job market. Privacy is also a critical issue, as AI systems often rely on large amounts of personal data to function 8 (effective). Ensuring the protection of this data and users' privacy 9 (be) essential. The development and use of AI present both opportunities and challenges. To ensure a 10 (benefit) and ethical future with AI, it is crucial to address these concerns. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的发展引发的一系列伦理问题。 1．the　考查冠词。句意：然而，人工智能的崛起也引发了一系列伦理问题。此处特指“人工智能的崛起”，应用定冠词。故填the。 2．collected　考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词datasets，逻辑主语datasets和collect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。 3．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是content，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．to be addressed　考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth意为“未能做某事”，address和these biases之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be addressed。 5．employment　考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词on的宾语，employment意为“就业”，为不可数名词。故填employment。 6．resulting　考查非谓语动词。句意：随着人工智能系统变得越来越先进，它们可能会取代某些行业的人类员工，导致失业。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，result和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填resulting。 7．to　考查介词。句意：为了应对这些影响，政府和组织必须投资于教育和再培训计划，以确保工人能够适应不断变化的就业市场。adapt to意为“适应”。故填to。 8．effectively　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词function。故填effectively。 9．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子的主语为“Ensuring the protection of this data and users' privacy”，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。 10．beneficial　考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词future。故填beneficial。 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$