选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案课件PPT（新教材，外研版）

第一部分　教材过关 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature 目录 CONTENTS 目录 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．distant：dis­________；stant________→分开站，引申词义：__________ 2．sample：s­分开；ample拿出→分开拿出，引申词义：________________ 3．pesticide：pest________；­cid杀；­e________后缀→把害虫杀死的东西，引申词义：________________ 4．suspect：sus­________；pect看→在下面看一看，引申词义：___________ 5．ancestor：an­________；cest走；­or________后缀，人→走在前面的人，引申词义：________________ 分开 站 遥远的 样本 害虫 名词 杀虫剂，农药 在下，向上 猜想，怀疑，觉得 在前 名词 (动物的)原种，祖先 目录 单词检测 1．mangrove n. ________________ 2．seed n. ________________ 3．legend n. ________________ 4．________ n. 山羊 5．centimetre n. ________________ 6．cybercrime n. ________________ 7．comb­like adj. ________________ 红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须) 种子，籽 传说，传奇(故事) goat 厘米 网络犯罪 梳状的 目录 8．________ v. 减少 9．________ n. (古代的)神话 10．________ n. 辣椒 11．________ n. 鸟嘴，喙 12．spine n. ________________ 13．iguana n. ________________ 14．tortoise n. ________________ 15．wasp n. ________________ decline myth chilli beak (动植物的)刺，刺毛 鬣蜥 陆龟 黄蜂 目录 16．finch n. ________________ 17．________ v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于 18．________ adv. 遍及全世界 19．________ adj. 巨大的，特大的 20．________ n. 根 雀科鸣禽 blame worldwide giant root 目录 单词语境练 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home ________ (种子) to start their own vegetable gardens. 2．(2023·北京高考)________ (红树) can help soften waves and protect cities from coastal winds. 3．(2023·北京高考)These biased perspectives cannot be ________ (指责) on one single cause. 4．(2024·湖北省武汉市硚口区高三质量检测)Why did her hair have to curl like a ________ (巨大的) cotton candy balloon just when she wanted it to behave? seeds Mangroves blamed giant 目录 5．(译林XB3­U4)There are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries ______________ (遍及全世界)． 6．(2024·海南省陵水中学高三月考)Most palm trees have a large number of short ________ (根) spreading across the upper levels of the soil. 7．(北师XB4­U11)Although doctors don't fully understand comas and the process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery ________ (减少) the longer they stay in a coma. 8．(2024·河南省漯河市第四高级中学高三联考)In Chinese folk ________ (神话) and legends, red­crowned cranes are considered to be birds from heaven. worldwide roots decline myths 目录 词族拓展检测 1．distant adj. 遥远的；不友好的，冷淡的，疏远的→________ n. 距离→________ adv. 遥远地；模糊地 2．disgrace n. 丢脸，耻辱→__________ adj. 可耻的，不光彩的→_________ adv. 不光彩地；可耻地 3．geologist n. 地质学家→______ adj. 地质的；地质学上的→__________ adv. 从地质学角度→________ n. 地质学 4．evolve v. 进化→________ n. 进化(论) distance distantly disgraceful disgracefully geologic geologically geology evolution 目录 5．generate v. 产生，创造→________ n. 产生；代，一代 6．characteristic n. 特征，特性→________ n. 性格，特性，角色 7．primitive adj. 原始的，低等的→____________ adv. 最初地；原始地 8．detect v. 发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→________ adj. 侦探的　n. 侦探→________ n. 侦查，探测；发觉，发现；察觉 9．link v. 把……联系起来；连接→________ adj. 连接的；联合的 10．fungus n. 真菌(复数fungi)→________ adj. 真菌的 generation character primitively detective detection linked fungal 目录 词族语境练 1．The man is always ________ towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a ________. (distant) 2．In the course of ________， some birds have lost the power of flight. That is to say, some birds can't fly while they ________. (evolve) 3．Generally speaking, a new ________ seems to ________ more energy. (generate) 4．There are five ________ in this play, but they have their own ________. (character) 5．The new test should aid in the early ________ of the disease. With the new test, doctors can ________ the disease. (detect) distant distance evolution evolve generation generate characters characteristics detection detect 目录 Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和___________。 遥远的 疏远 １　distant [熟义]　adj. ________ [生义]　adj. 冷淡的，不友好的，疏远的 目录 We sampled a selection of different bottled waters. 我们_______了挑选出来的各种瓶装水。 样本 品尝 2　sample [熟义]　n. _________ [生义]　v. 品尝 目录 He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely. 他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地______了。 减少 拒绝 3　decline [熟义]　v. _______ [生义]　v. 拒绝 目录 This movement lengthens your spine and tones the spinal nerves. 该运动能伸展你的______，强健脊髓神经。 (动植物的)刺，刺毛 脊柱 4 spine [熟义]　n. _________________ [生义]　n. 脊髓，脊柱 目录 小积累 1.后缀­ate高频动词集锦 ①generate 产生，创造 ②alleviate 缓和，减轻 ③allocate 分派，分配 ④alternate 使交替 ⑤fascinate 深深吸引，迷住 2.“发现”家族 ①detect ②discover ③find ④spot ⑤perceive 3.人的心情的差异化 ①distant 冷淡的；疏远的 ②disgrace 丢脸，耻辱 ③suspect 猜想，怀疑，觉得 ④blame 指责，责怪，把……归咎于 ⑤jealous 妒忌的 目录 二　语块过关测＋练 语块翻译 1．________________ 响应号召 2．________________ 是耻辱，丢脸 3．________________ 源于……的，原产于…… 4．________________ 一直，有史以来 5．________________ 进化成，演变成 6．________________ 拥挤，挤满 answer the call be a disgrace be native to of all time evolve into be crowded with 目录 7．________________ 形成，存在 8．________________ 适应 9．________________ 用作，充当 10．________________ 肩并肩地 11．________________ 战胜，击退 12．________________ 追溯到，起源于 come to exist adapt to serve as side by side fight off date back to 目录 语块语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 1．(2024·陕西省榆林市第一中学高三月考)Based on this information, they calculated the likely time when the ancestor of each species group likely arrived in Madagascar, then ____________ something new. 2．(人教XB2­U2)At first, Xie Lei had to ____________ life in a different country. 3．(2024·辽宁省实验中学高三月考)The National Library of France, which now contains an astonishing collection of 30 million, ____________ the 14th century and this royal library was set up at the Louvre Palace by King Charles Ⅴ. evolved into adapt to dates back to 目录 4．(2024·广西壮族自治区贵港市高三月考)The beach ____________ the excited audience, including reporters and photographers. 5．(2024·福建省厦门双十中学高三月考)This micro­yes question can ____________ a pacing tool. 6．(北师B2­U5)Moa birds ____________ New Zealand, but are now extinct. was crowded with serve as were native to 目录 三　句式迁移练 1．so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句 【迁移创新】The game is ____________________ it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually. 这个游戏很重要，所以要求每个人都要准时到场。 so significant that 目录 2．so that “以便”，引导目的状语从句 【迁移创新】We perfected a hand­signal system ________________________________________． 我们完善了一个手势信号系统，这样他就可以随时通知我有危险。 3．现在分词(短语)作状语 【迁移创新】It can be folded almost completely flat, ________________________． 它几乎可以完全折平，使其更容易携带。 so that he could keep me informed of hazards making it easier to carry 目录 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, 1 (fascinate) by plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831 and the journey gave him the chance 2 (study) various living things. As he studied samples of the plants and animals he 3 (collect), he asked himself: how did different species come to exist? 目录 4 was believed then that all species had appeared at the same time and hadn't changed since. But Darwin noticed that some species of animals were similar to each other and thought animals evolved as they adapted to their changing 5 (environment). In 1835, Darwin was interested in birds and noticed there was a difference between the finches on each of the Galápagos Islands. That was the answer 6 the question: they evolved from earlier ancestors. It was 7 completely new idea—theory of 8 (evolve). Darwin explained his theory in his book On the Origin of Species, which 9 (publish) in 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, it is regarded as one of the 10 (important) works and has changed ideas about life on Earth. 目录 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 答案：　1.fascinated　2.to study　3.had collected　4.It　5.environments　6.to　7.a　8.evolution　9.was published　10.most important 答案 目录 1 (talk) plants have been a thing of myths. New research has revealed that plants can communicate. Plants use chemicals to communicate. For example, when 2 bean plant gets attacked by insects，it releases chemicals. Another bean plant detects them and starts to release 3 (it) own chemicals. These chemicals drive insects away or attract wasps 4 (kill) the insects. Scientists hope to learn about this warning system, so 5 we can use it to grow crops without pesticides. More surprisingly, plants use sound to communicate. Some plants make 6 (noise) and “listen” to the noises from other plants. 目录 Most surprisingly, plants have an 7 (amaze) system of communication—the “wood wide web”， similar to the Internet. Linked underground by 8 (fungus), the network links the roots of plants and plants can share information and food. The web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Perhaps scientists will learn 9 to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks. Scientists are learning more about the secret ways in 10 plants talk to each other. Maybe we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 目录 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 答案： 1.Talking　2.a　3.its　4.to kill　5.that　6.noises　7.amazing　8.fungi　9.how　10.which　 答案 目录 Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 disgrace n. 丢脸，耻辱；令人感到羞耻的人(或事)　v. 使丢脸，使蒙受耻辱(☞disgraceful adj. 可耻的，不光彩的 ☞disgracefully adv. 不光彩地；可耻地) 【知识归纳】 be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 bring disgrace on 给……带来耻辱 in disgrace 不光彩地 a disgrace to ... ……的耻辱 It is a disgrace that ……不像话；……丢脸 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)The way the sales were handled was a complete disgrace. 所采取的销售方式丢尽了人。(场景介绍) (2)Republican leaders called him a disgrace to the party. 共和党领导人们称他为该党的耻辱。(人物描写) (3)His vice president also had to resign in disgrace. 他的副总统也被迫不光彩地辞去职务。(行动描写) (4)He has disgraced the family name. 他玷污了家族的名声。(人物描写) 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You will bring disgrace ____ yourself by doing this. ②This is a ____________ (disgrace) state of affairs and cries out for a thorough investigation. ③The swimmer was sent home from the Olympics ____disgrace. ④他居然当众说谎，实在丢脸。 __________________ he should lie in public. on disgraceful in It is a disgrace that 目录 2　suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得　n. 嫌疑犯 【知识归纳】 suspect sb/sth to be ... 怀疑某人/物是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect (that) ... 怀疑/觉得…… 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)He resigned after being suspected of theft. 他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。(人物描写) (2)I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。(心理描写) (3)The police suspected him to be a spy. 警方怀疑他是间谍。 (场景描写) 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I suspected her _____damaging the equipment. ②All the ____________(suspect) were arrested yesterday afternoon. ③Judging from his nervous expression, the police suspected him ______(be) a pickpocket. ④约翰·斯诺觉得第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证据。 John Snow ___________________________________________ but he needed evidence. of suspects to be suspected (that) the second theory was correct 目录 3　 generate v. 产生，创造(☞generation n. 产生，代) 【知识归纳】 (1)generate sth 产生某物 (2)methods of income generation 产生收益的方法 from generation to generation 代代相传 for generations 祖祖辈辈 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)We need someone to generate new ideas. 我们需要有人出新主意。(场景描写) (2)the generation of electricity 发电(情况描述) 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My family have lived in this house for _____________ (generate)． ②水力发电仅占该市电力的30%。 Electricity ______________________ merely accounts for 30% in the city. generations generated by water power 目录 4　 decline v. 减少；下降；衰落；婉言谢绝　n. 减少；下降；衰落，衰败 【知识归纳】 (1)decline to 下降/减少到 decline by 下降/减少了 decline to do sth 拒绝做某事 (2)a decline in sth 在某方面减少/下降 in decline＝on the decline 在衰退中，在走下坡路；在减少 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year. 去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。(调查报告) (2)Their spokesman declined to comment on the allegations. 他们的发言人拒绝对这些指控加以评论。(情况描述) (3)The company reported a small decline in its profits. 公司报告其利润略有减少。(情况介绍) (4)The town fell into (a) decline after the mine closed. 这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。(事实描写) 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①In spite of many invitations，he would always decline __________ (display) his works. ②The researchers found that population sizes had declined _____ 69 percent on average. ③A great decline ____ young workforce is likely to occur in China. ④The number of people who like reading has been declining in the past few years. →The number of people who like reading ______________________________ in the past few years. ⑤图书馆是对未来的一种投资，不应该让它们走向衰落。 Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to _________________________. to display by in has been in decline/on the decline fall/go into (a) decline 目录 5　 blame v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于　n. 责备，指责 【知识归纳】 (1)blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任 (2)put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 take/bear the blame for ... 对……负责；为……承担责任 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death. 她没把她父亲的死归咎于任何人。(人物描写) (2)Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。(事实描写) (3)Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？(调查) (4)They are trying to put the blame on us. 他们想把责任推到我们身上。(个人感受) 【名师点津】be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Blamed _______ the broken vase, the boy hung his head. ②Our plan failed, and I was _________(blame) for it. ③We can't blame the accident _____ the weather. ④他不应该为这次失败而受到责备。无论如何，他已经尽力了。 He should not ____________ the failure. At any rate, he has tried his best. ＝He should not ______________ the failure. At any rate, he has tried his best. ＝He should not __________________ the failure. At any rate, he has tried his best. for to blame be blamed for on be to blame for take/bear the blame for 目录 6　 link v. 把……联系起来；连接　n. 联系，关系；(链状物的)环，节 【知识归纳】 (1)link up 联合，连接；使结合；使连接 link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头 link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来；与……有关 (2)link between ... (and ... )/with ... ……(和……之间)的联系/关系 目录 【语用点拨】 (1)The bands have linked up for a charity concert. 这些乐队已联合起来，准备办一场慈善音乐会。(计划介绍) (2)I'm trying to link up with some old friends from high school. 我正在试图联系高中时的一些老朋友。(动作描写) (3)The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe. 英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接了起来。(场景描写) (4)establish trade links with Asia 与亚洲建立贸易关系(合作介绍) (5)Social customs provide a vital link between generations. 社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。 (人际介绍) 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Researchers have found that there is a direct link ___________ salty foods and high blood pressure. ②The ancient Silk Road linked China ________ some countries in Central Asia as early as over 1，000 years ago. ③我们与他们联系，要举办各种募捐活动。 We _________________ for various fundraising activities. between with/to linked up with them 目录 7　 in question 正在被讨论的，讨论中的；有疑问的，被怀疑的 【知识归纳】 bring/throw sth into question 引起有关……的怀疑 call sth into question 对……表示怀疑 beyond question 不容怀疑 without question 毫无疑问；毫无异议 out of question 毫无疑问；没问题 out of the question 不可能；不允许 there is/was no question of sb doing sth 某人做某事是不可能的 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Your loyalty is not ____ question; we all trust you completely. ②The adverse effect of excess alcohol is _______ question. ③It is known to us that without a passport, travelling abroad is out of ____ question. ④People don't always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called ______ question. ⑤毫无疑问，他是乐队中最有才华的音乐家。 __________________, he is the most talented musician in the band. ＝ _______________, he is the most talented musician in the band. in beyond the into Without question Out of question 目录 8　so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句 【知识归纳】 (1)so ... that意为“如此……以至于”，可用于引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词原级。 (2)such ... that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”，其中such修饰名词。 so ... that与such ... that引导结果状语从句的用法区别如下： 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The trees formed such _____ dense canopy that all beneath was a deep carpet of pine needles. ②There were so many runners ________ they had to stagger the start. ③房间里安静得连针掉在地上的声音都能听见。 _______________________ you can hear the drop of a pin. a that It is so quiet in the room that 目录 Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·北京高考)Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open­ended __________ (evolve)． 2．It is ____________ (disgrace) that anyone should have to live in such conditions. 3．(2024·江苏省高三检测)Dougal Dixon, a _______________ (geology), told Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a particular environment. evolution disgraceful geologist 目录 4．(2024·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学高三月考)Our state in life cannot, or at least should not, be blamed ______ our parents, our teachers, or our society—it's largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt. 5．(2024·浙江省普通高中尖子生深研模拟)Evidence suggests behavioral problems, such as being disruptive in class or being aggressive could be _______ (link) to neurological conditions. 6．(人教XB2­U1)Students need to ________ (generation) ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. on linked generate 目录 7．(2024·湖南省永州一中高三月考)Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and _________ (fungus) spores, are known to cause disease. 8．(2024·河南省洛阳市第一高级中学高三月考)Bumblebees, which are vital pollinators of crops and wildflowers, are experiencing a rapid decline _____ their populations worldwide. 9．That new building is so big ______ it dwarfs the others. 10．(2024·广东省广州市第三中学高三测试)Researchers analyzed use­wear patterns on the tools and found that some of the flakes showed damage along their edges, ___________ (indicate) that they had been used for cutting. fungal in that indicating 目录 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Earth ①________ (是……的家园) millions of different species. Some can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are ②____________ (如此小以至于) we cannot see them with only our eyes. ③__________ (相比之下), the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale, ④ __________________________________________ (它们可以长到约30米长) and weigh over 130，000 kilos. ⑤_____________________ (最顽强的物种) is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150 ℃ to a below freezing －272 ℃. To best survive in their environment, each species has developed its own unique physical ⑥____________ (特征)． Each year, scientists identify around 15，000 new species. However, diversity on our planet is such, that there are still millions of species on Earth remaining to be discovered. is home to so small that By contrast which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length The toughest species characteristics 目录 Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词distant的词性和含义 A．adj. 遥远的　B．adj. 冷淡的，不友好的，疏远的 1．He found her cold, ice－like, and distant. _________ 2．The earth is rather distant from the sun. _______ (二)根据语境选出加黑词sample的词性和含义 A．v. 品尝　B．n. 样本 1．Samples of the water contained pesticide. _______ 2．I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time. _______ B A B A 目录 维度二　构词法 (2022·北京高考)However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 合成词：de___________＋tect _________ ；detect意为________________________________ 。 夺去 覆盖 发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察的事物) 目录 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. 一划主干：______________________________________________________。 二括修饰：the husband是________；but连接________；this was hard for him是_______从句；that引导_______从句。 三会意：丈夫乔治努力冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会进展顺利。 George was trying to be calm but I could tell this was hard for him 同位语 并列句 宾语 宾语 目录 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．许多植物原产于巴西。(陈述事实) Many of the plants ________________ Brazil. 2．汤姆太专注于他的工作，以至于忘了告诉她优先事项。(人物描写) Tom was ___________________________ he forgot to inform her of the priority. 3．The boy from the remote mountainous area became a famous educator. ______ 4．The cartoon movie tells the tale of the well­known Chinese heroine Hua Mulan. ______ 5．据报道，现在有很多新房子正在自然灾害地区建造。 Now many new houses are reported to be being built in the natural disaster areas. ＝_________________ now many new houses are being built in the natural disaster areas. are native to so absorbed in his work that distant legend It is reported that 目录 目录 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2023·湖南省衡阳市第八中学高考适应性考试) The Stories Behind 3 of the Photos from Our Pictures of the Year Each year, National Geographic will publish a special issue to showcase some of the impressive images taken around the globe to celebrate the high­quality photography. This year, 49 were selected as the best photos of the year out of millions of images, and the photo editors give a glimpse behind the scenes of 3 images included in 2022 Pictures of the Year annual special issue. * 目录 Qaanaaq, Greenland//Kiliii Yüyan Photographer Kiliii Yüyan is no stranger to documenting the daily lives of native peoples and the issues they face around the world. He commits himself to capturing surprising and unique images for each story while his colleague Mallory has quit in their tracks. In his story, two cousins push strollers (婴儿车) across a snowy plain in Greenland on their way to annual dogsled races. The story itself challenges readers to think about how to treat their ecosystem without destroying it and gives more insight into the daily lives of Inughuit women. * 目录 Canary Islands, Spain//Carsten Peter It's hard to capture the speed, texture, and sense of danger of lava flowing from a volcanic eruption, but that's what photographer Carsten Peter achieved with this image. He documented the 85­day eruption for National Geographic, then returned to focus on the damage and on the scientific fieldwork that had been done once the slow­moving lava had cooled. Minneriya. Sri Lanka//Brent Stirton Photographer Brent Stirton provided a window into these animals' lives, which she hopes will increase awareness and stir up sympathy through the photo. * 目录 The image was tough to capture not only because Stirton needed to get close to the wild animals for the frame but also because it was a challenging time to work in Sri Lanka. The government was collapsing in economic decline. “I think there's an opportunity to show people a side of animals they may have not seen before，” she says. For more pictures and stories, please click the https：//www. nationalgeographic.com. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。 文章讲述了《国家地理杂志》评选出的年度照片背后的拍摄故事。 篇章导读 * 目录 1．Whose image cares about people's life? A．Mallory's. B．Carsten Peter's. C．Kiliii Yüyan's. D．Brent Stirton's. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据Qaanaaq, Greenland//Kiliii Yüyan部分中的“Photographer Kiliii Yüyan is no stranger to documenting the daily lives of native peoples and the issues they face around the world.”可知，摄影师Kiliii Yüyan (基利·尤扬)的照片关注人们的生活。故选C。 答案 * 目录 2．What shared features do these three pictures have? A．They all take efforts and patience. B．They are all about the environment. C．They all provide a window into animals' lives. D．They all make a difference to scientific fieldwork. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据Qaanaaq, Greenland//Kiliii Yüyan部分中的“He commits himself to capturing surprising ... in their tracks.”和Canary Islands, Spain//Carsten Peter部分中的“It‘s hard to capture the speed ... volcanic eruption”以及Minneriya. Sri Lanka//Brent Stirton部分中的“The image was tough ... work in Sri Lanka.”可推知，每一幅照片的拍摄都需付出努力和耐心。故选A。　 答案 * 目录 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．An academic article. C．A biology textbook. D．A photography website. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“For more pictures and stories, please click the https：//www. nationalgeographic.com.”可推知，该文章出自一个摄影网站。故选D。　 答案 * 目录 B (2024·重庆巴蜀中学高三月考)The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates' faces and acquire impressive social skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves. Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether, if they are that smart, could also be sentient, capable of feeling. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient remained academic. * 目录 15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about threat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and meticulously scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider­free flower. Although this incidental observation did not constitute formal evidence of an emotionlike state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects. * 目录 Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine and caffeine when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol­rich diet. Why would insects consume mind­altering substances if there isn't a mind to alter? But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受。 篇章导读 * 目录 4．What does the example of the wasps indicate? A．Insects show signs of intelligence. B．Insects can do complex calculations. C．Insects can socialize in a skillful way. D．Insects live in highly complex societies. 答案： A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some species of wasps (黄蜂) ... other wasps fight among themselves.”可知，有些种类的黄蜂能认出巢中同伴的脸，并获得令人印象深刻的社交技巧，它们还可以通过观察其他黄蜂之间的战斗来推断出其他黄蜂相对于自己的战斗力。由此可推知，作者用黄蜂举例是为了证明昆虫有判断力，有智力的迹象。故选A。 　 答案 * 目录 5．What does the underlined word “meticulously” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Hesitantly. B．Casually. C．Eagerly. D．Carefully. 答案： D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider.(在被机器蜘蛛攻击后，大黄蜂的行为发生了重大变化。)”可推知，画线词所在句表示，也许不足为奇的是，它们学会了避开有蜘蛛的花朵，并在着陆前仔细扫描每一朵花。由此可知，meticulously与carefully同义，意为“仔细地，小心地”。故选D。 　 答案 * 目录 6．What was unexpected about the bumblebees' behavior in the experiment? A．They avoided flowers with spiders. B．They settled on flowers despite threats. C．They might abandon spider­free flowers. D．They might get scared away by other insects. 答案： C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Curiously, however, they sometimes ... spider­free flower.”可知，大黄蜂们可能会放弃没有蜘蛛的花朵是出乎人意料的。故选C。 答案 * 目录 7．What does the text mainly discuss? A．What insects' various behavior can reveal. B．How insects communicate their thoughts. C．What amazing powers insects possess. D．Whether insects are capable of feeling. 答案： D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要探讨了昆虫是否也有感受这个问题。故选D。 答案 * 目录 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·河南洛阳第一高级中学高三模拟)In February Chen Qiqi was riding on a field trip, seeking interesting plants in South China's Hainan Province. Suddenly, she 1 and gave other passengers a shock. As the car pulled over, she jumped off and 2 to a plant. Chen 3 the plant at close quarters, while taking pictures and shooting it from various angles. “It was Entada phaseoloides (榼藤) and I couldn't wait to share it with my 4 ，” she says. * 目录 She applied for studies of 5 protection at college in 2016.The college study has given her 6 knowledge of plants and the plant­hunting 7 has made her have a good 8 of the natural world. These led to her option of becoming a teacher at a(n) 9 education institute after graduation. However, the lockdown interrupted her plans so she couldn't 10 with it. Instead, she picked up skills of video shooting, which 11 her to be a plant video blogger. Her short videos cover a 12 range of plants, including red spider lily, box bean and air plants, etc. In Chen's 13 on TikTok, over 100 videos explaining varieties of plants have earned her almost 1 million followers. * 目录 “I feel proud and my job is 14 when people say they know about some plants because of me.” As for her future plans, Chen says she 15 to carry on exploring the world of plants. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了陈奇奇探索植物世界并通过短视频向人们介绍植物的故事。 篇章导读 * 目录 1．A.hesitated B．screamed C．stopped D．collapsed 2．A.drove B．walked C．rolled D．rushed 答案： B　hesitate 犹豫不决；scream 尖叫；stop 停止；collapse 崩溃。根据下文的“gave other passengers a shock”可知，她的尖叫把其他乘客吓了一跳。故选B。 答案： D　drive 驾驶；walk 步行；roll 滚动；rush 冲，奔。根据上文的“jumped off”可知，她一定是迫不及待地奔向那植物。故选D。 答案 * 目录 3．A.cut B．smelt C．removed D．observed 4．A.audience B．students C．passengers D．staff 答案：D　cut 切割；smell 闻；remove 去除；observe 观察。根据下文的“at close quarters”可知，陈近距离观察这棵植物，同时从不同的角度拍摄。故选D。 答案：A　根据下文的“Instead, she picked up ... a plant video blogger.”可知，陈是一位植物视频博主，因此拍照片和视频是为了给她的观众看。故选A。 答案 * 目录 5．A.plant B．community C．food D．wildlife 6．A.formal B．previous C．systematic D．abstract 答案：A　根据上一段提到的陈对植物感兴趣和下文的“The college study has given her 6 knowledge of plants”可知，陈申请的是植物保护专业。故选A。 答案：C　formal 正式的；previous 以前的；systematic 系统的；abstract 抽象的。根据上文的“college study”可知，大学的学习使陈对植物有了系统的认识。故选C。 答案 * 目录 7．A.choice B．degree C．experience D．requirement 8．A.taste B．command C．view D．comment 答案：C　choice 选择；degree 学位；experience 经历；requirement 要求。根据设空前的“plant­hunting”可知，此处指的是陈寻找植物的经历。故选C。 答案：B　taste 味道；command 掌握；view 视野；comment 评论。此处指大学的学习使她对植物有了系统的认识，而寻找植物的经历使陈对自然界有了很好的掌握。have a good command of “精通；对……掌握熟练”。故选B。 答案 * 目录 9．A.nature B．health C．life D．environment 10．A.conflict B．proceed C．compare D．end 答案：A　根据上文可知，她在大学学习植物保护，所以她会选择在自然教育学院当老师。故选A。 答案：B　conflict 冲突；proceed 继续；compare 比较；end 结束。根据上文的“However, the lockdown interrupted her plans”可知，封闭打乱了陈的计划，所以她无法继续进行。故选B。 答案 * 目录 11．A.forbade B．reminded C．enabled D．forced 12．A.narrow B．new C．superb D．diverse 答案：C　forbid 禁止；remind 提醒；enable 使能够；force 强迫。根据上文的“she picked up skills of video shooting”可知，学会视频拍摄技巧使陈成为一名植物视频博主。故选C。 答案：D　narrow 窄的；new 新的；superb 极佳的；diverse 各式各样的。根据下文的“including red spider lily, box bean and air plants, etc”和“varieties of plants”可知，陈的短视频涵盖了各种各样的植物。故选D。 答案 * 目录 13．A.account B．idea C．profile D．setting 答案：A　account 账户；idea 想法；profile 简介；setting 环境。根据设空后的“on TikTok, over 100 videos explaining varieties of plants have earned her almost 1 million followers”可知，在陈的抖音账户上，100多个解释植物品种的视频为她赢得了近100万粉丝。故选A。 答案 * 目录 14．A.amusing B．valuable C．challenging D．practical 15．A.pretends B．manages C．longs D．ceases 答案：B　amusing 有趣的；valuable 有价值的；challenging 富于挑战性的；practical 实用的。根据下文的“when people say they know about some plants because of me”可知，当人们说他们因为自己而了解一些植物时，陈感到很自豪，认为自己的工作很有价值。故选B。 答案：C　pretend 假装；manage 管理；long 渴望；cease 停止。根据上文的“her future plans”和设空后的“carry on exploring the world of plants”可知，至于陈未来的计划，她渴望继续探索植物的世界。故选C。 答案 * R $$